STATE OF CONNECTICUTDEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC HEALTH ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SECTION ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING PROGRAMPhone: (860) 509-7296, Fax: (860) 509-7295 Summary of the January 1, 2011 revisions to the Technical Standards for Subsurface Sewage Disposal Systems• Section I Definitions:o Bedroom definition revised to remove “per Building Code requirements” when referencing habitable space. Added minimum floor area (70 square feet) for new bedrooms.o Free draining material definition revised to note that such material is coarser than surrounding excavation material. Onsite sand and gravel can be used to backfill utility and storm water trenches in close proximity (5’ to 25’) to subsurface sewage disposal systems.o Two (2) inch nominal tire chip aggregate definition revised to remove reference DEP’s General Permit for the distribution of such material since permit has expired. No one currently has a DEP permit to distribute tire chips in CT for leaching system construction.o Watertight tank seal definition added that includes reference to ASTM seal standards (C 1644, C 923) for pipe to tank connections (inlet & outlet seals).• Section II Location of SSDSs:o Language added stipulating that minimum separating distances are measured horizontally; except for non-vertical closed loop geo-exchange bore holes that utilize measurements taken from the closest point of the borehole. o Special provision #3 under Item A (Water Supply Wells, Springs, Domestic Water Suction Pipes) added to allow a reduced distance (25’) between water suction pipes and watertight tanks. o Separating distance to closed loop geo-exchange bore hole or trench changed to 50 feet, and a special provision provides a reduction to 25 feet for watertight tanks. o Lot line relocations reviewed per PHC Section 19-13-B100a (e) shall provide the minimum separating distance to property lines cited in Item I. o Language for property line separating distances reworded, not changed, so that distance reductions noted in special provisions. o Drains (Upgradient & Downgradient) combined into one item (Item G). o Plan adherence language expanded to note that modifications to approved plan shall be authorized by the plan designer and approved by the local director of health.• Section III Piping:o Wording in Tables 2 and 2-D revised to clarify that the approved piping is also for sewer piping that is in close proximity (25’ – 75’) from domestic water suction pipes.o Public sewer lateral Table 2-A revised to indicate that grease interceptor tanks are sources of pollution that need to be kept a minimum of 75 feet from all water supply wells (Greater distances for larger wells). Higher-grade piping (i.e., Schedule 40, ASTM 1785) specified for building sewer between building and grease interceptor tank effective January 1, 2011, which is consistent with the building sewer requirements for septic systems.o Language in Tables 2-A & 2-B modified to clarify why public sewer piping & joint specifications are included in the Technical Standards, and provisions provided for DPH’s Water Supply Section & Private Well Program to approve other public sewer piping that is proposed to be placed within the sanitary radius of water supply wells.• Section IV Design Flows:o The language in subsection C (Water Usage Monitoring) revised to stipulate that large system (>2,000 GPD) plans shall include provisions to monitor domestic sewage generation via the use of water meters or other available means (i.e., pump cycling and dose volume documentation).o The language in subsection E (Management Programs) revised stipulate that proposed ordinances and regulations shall be submitted to DPH for review prior to adoption.• Section V Septic Tanks & Grease Interceptor Tanks:o Language added recommending replacement of single-compartment septic tanks, especially undersized tanks, at time of leaching system repairs. Note added about assessments of single compartment tanks if they are to remain in place to confirm tank is in satisfactory condition and is properly baffled. Note: Someproprietary leaching system companies don’t support use of their products w/ single compartment tanks.o Stipulation added that septic tanks shall have a minimum of 6 inches of cover.o Current language stipulates tanks must provide a minimum detention time of 2 hours under peak flow conditions. Statement added that mathematically, the detention time is the volume of the liquid in the tank divided by the flow rate through the tank.o Note added that effluent filters can be used in grease interceptor tanks however the manufacturer of the filter must specify suitability for this type of waste.o Performance testing (Leakage Testing) language modified to note that such testing shall be required whenever tightness is critical (i.e., infiltration into a pump chamber is a concern or when a tank is proposed within the sanitary radius of a water supply well). Wording on vacuum testing revised for consistency with recently published ASTM standard C1227-10a for septic tanks.o Additional exceptions granted to the septic tank standard ATSM C1227-10a. Watertight tank seals (See new definition) required only if specified by plan designer. Effluent filters do not have to meet theperformance criteria of NSF/ANSI Standard 46-2005, however approved filter companies must notify DPH by July 1, 2011 as to whether their filters meet this specification.• Section VI Effluent Distribution, Pump Systems & Air Injection Processes:o Wording added noting pump and electrical connections shall be readily accessible from the ground surface, and that the piping must be attached to the pump close enough to the top of tank under the manhole toallow for servicing, and a quick-disconnect device shall be utilized to allow easy removal of the pump.o Stipulation added that pump chambers in shallow groundwater areas must utilize watertight tank seals.o Pump chamber diagram (Figure 11) added.• Section VII Percolation Tests:o Language revised to reference percolation rates of receiving soil rather than naturally occurring soil.• Section VIII Leaching Systems:o Note added to subsection E (Proprietary Leaching Systems) stipulating it is the responsibility of the company to ensure that installers are properly trained on installation protocols.o Language added to subsection G (Leaching System Approvals etc) stating that DPH can require third party/independent test data in conjunction with reviews/approvals of proprietary leaching systems that are deemed substantially different than those currently approved.o S-Box, LLC has been dissolved, and their proprietary leaching systems have been assigned to Geomatrix Systems, LLC. Note added to Geomatrix subsection about pending S-Box product re-approvals.o Recently approved Geomatrix products (GST 37 Series & GeoMat Edge U-Shape) added, and note added that GeoMat Edge & GeoU systems must be installed in conjunction w/ Soil Air System.o Recently approved GreenLeach Filter products (Series 37) added.o Maximum ELA credit rating (29.9 SF/LF) added.• Section IX Groundwater, Roof, Cellar and Yard Drainage: None• Section X Other Wastewater:o Language revised to note that DPH may authorize the discharge of minor volumes water treatment wastewater to a SSDS if DPH deems the discharge to be incidental. Note: New DEP softener/watertreatment wastewater contact person: James Creighton (860 424-3681), james.creighton@• Section XI Non-Discharging Systems: None• Forms #1, 2, 3 & 4:o Minor revisions to Final Inspection Report/Form #3: Tire chip reference eliminated, Comment added about checking system elevations• Appendix A, MLSS Revisions:o A new term, receiving soil, is defined.o Language revised to note that new systems and code-complying areas (B100a Intensification of Use: Conversions, Changes in Use) shall provide leaching system spreads meeting MLSS that is calculatedbased on the depth of naturally occurring receiving soil only.o Exception language added for repairs that can’t meet MLSS calculated based on naturally occurring soil.Such repairs require a non-compliant repair (NCR) MLSS assessment that takes into account the hydraulic capacity of existing receiving soil (fill and natural soil) and fill included in the repair design. Five criterions listed for the NCR MLSS calculation.o PE plans required if 50% of NCR MLSS cannot be provided or when certain minimum receiving soil depths cannot be provided.o Language revised to indicate that the permitted flow for non-compliant repairs on the discharge permit takes into account the most limited percentage of the required ELA or NCR MLSS provided.o Note added that for potential repair areas identified for B-100a compliance purposes for proposed non-flow increasing building additions the required MLSS shall be equivalent to the NCR MLSS.• Appendix B & Appendix C: None• Appendix D, Approved Non-Concrete Septic Tanks:o Update appendix to include the approved tanks based on most recent list revision (3/1/10).P/RWS/Technical Standards 2011 Revision Summary (2)。
美国50州详细介绍美国50州详细介绍美国分为十大地区：(1)新英格兰地区、(2)中央地区、(3)中大西洋地区、(4)西南地区、(5)阿巴拉契亚山地区、(6)高山地区、(7)东南地区、(8)太平洋沿岸地区、(9)大湖地区、(10)阿拉斯加和夏威夷。
美国由50个州和1个直辖特区——首都所在地华盛顿哥伦比亚特区组成，州议员和州长都由普选产生。
州以下设县或市(镇、村)，共有3042个县。
联邦领地包括波多黎各自由联邦和北马里亚纳;海外领地包括关岛、美属萨摩亚群岛、美属维尔京群岛等。
州名(州名缩写) 首府名亚拉巴马 Alabama -- AL 蒙哥马利Montgomery阿拉斯加 Alaska -- AK 朱诺Juneau亚利桑那 Arizona --AZ 菲尼克斯Phoenix阿肯色 Arkansas -- AR 小石城Little rock加利福尼亚 California -- CA 萨克拉gate托Sacramento 科罗拉多 Colorado -- CO 丹佛 Denver康涅狄格 Connecticut -- CT 哈特福德 Hartford特拉华 Delaware -- DE 多佛 Dover佛罗里达 Florida -- FL 塔拉哈西 Tallahassee佐治亚 Georgia -- GA 亚特兰大 Atlanta夏威夷 Hawaii -- HI 檀香山 Honolulu爱达荷 Idaho -- ID 博伊西 Boise伊利诺伊 Illinois -- IL 斯普林菲尔德 Springfield印第安纳 Indiana -- IN 印第安纳波利斯 Indianapolis艾奥瓦 Iowa --IA 得梅因 Des Moines堪萨斯 Kansas -- KS 托皮卡 T opeka肯塔基 Kentucky -- KY 法兰克福 Frankfort路易斯安那 Louisiana -- LA 巴吞鲁日 Baton Rouge缅因 Maine -- ME 奥古斯塔 Augusta马里兰 Maryland -- MD 安纳波利斯 Annapolis马萨诸塞 Massachusetts -- MA 波士顿 Boston密歇根 Michigan -- MI 兰辛 Lansing明尼苏达 Minnesota -- MN 圣保罗 St. Paul密西西比 Mississippi -- MS 杰克逊 Jackson密苏里 Missouri -- MO 杰斐逊城 Jefferson City蒙大拿 Montana -- MT 海伦娜 Helena内布拉斯加 Nebraska -- NE 林肯 Lincoln内华达 Nevada -- NV 卡森城 Carson City新罕布什尔 New hampshire -- NH 康科德 Concord新泽西 New jersey -- NJ 特伦顿 Trenton新墨西哥 New mexico -- NM 圣菲 Santa Fe纽约 New york -- NY 奥尔巴尼 Albany北卡罗来纳 North carolina -- NC 纳罗利 Raleigh北达科他 North dakota -- ND 俾斯麦 Bismarck俄亥俄 Ohio -- OH 哥伦布 Columbus俄克拉何马 Oklahoma -- OK 俄克拉何马城 Oklahoma City 俄勒冈 Oregon -- OR 塞勒姆 Salem宾夕法尼亚 Pennsylvania -- PA 哈里斯堡 Harrisburg罗得岛 Rhode island -- RL 普罗维登斯 Providence南卡罗来纳 South carolina -- SC 哥伦比亚 Columbia南达科他 South dakota -- SD 皮尔 Pierre田纳西 Tennessee -- TN 纳什维尔Nashville得克萨斯 Texas -- TX 奥斯汀 Austin犹他 Utah -- UT 盐湖城Salt Lake City佛蒙特 Vermont -- VT 蒙彼利埃 Montpelier弗吉尼亚 Virginia -- VA 里士满 Richmond华盛顿 Washington -- WA 奥林匹亚 Olympia西弗吉尼亚 West virginia -- WV 查尔斯顿 Charleston威斯康星 Wisconsin -- WI 麦迪逊 Madison怀俄明 Wyoming -- WY 夏延 Cheyenne美国“棉花之州”——亚拉巴马州亚拉巴马州(Alabama -- AL) 是美国南部一州。
上海市浦东新区建平中学西校2023-2024学年八年级上学期期末英语试题学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、单项选择1．Which of the following words is pronounced as /peə(r)/?A．pale B．pain C．pearl D．pear2．If you don’t like the style of the glasses, why not ask the assistant to bring you ________ pair?A．the other B．another C．other D．others 3．Everyone was shocked to hear the terrible gun-shooting that happened________ Dec. 14 in the State of Connecticut.A．in B．at C．of D．on4．Help ________ to clean the teachers’ office, will you?A．yourself B．you C．ourselves D．us 5．Something in the fridge must go bad. It smells ________.A．terrible B．terribly C．badly D．good 6．—Would you like some crisps or a piece of chocolate cake, Judy?—________. I never have anything before going to bed.A．None B．Neither C．Both D．Either7．The students are warned ________ football in the street. It’s too dangerous.A．not to play B．don’t playC．not play D．not playing8．While we ________ a picnic in the park, it ________ to rain.A．had; was starting B．had; startedC．were having; was starting D．were having; started9．The dentist told us that we’d better ________ too much sweet food because it is bad for our teeth.A．to have B．not to have C．not have D．have10．It is said there will be a heavy rain tomorrow, so we have no choice but to________ the school sports meeting.A．put off B．take off C．keep off D．set off11．The little girl tried ________ after hearing the bad news, but she failed.A．to stop to cry B．to stop cryingC．stopping to cry D．stopping crying12．________ terrible traffic we have every day!A．How B．How a C．What D．What a 13．About ________ students in our school attended the concert in Shanghai Concert Hall.A．three hundred of B．three hundredsC．three hundred D．hundred of14．Adam didn’t join in the summer camp to Australia this time because he________ there before.A．has been B．had been C．was D．had gone 15．The ________ vegetables and fruits you have, the ________ you will be.A．more; more healthy B．much; more healthyC．more; healthier D．many; healthier16．Our English teacher ________ in her office now. I saw her talking with some students on the playground just a minute ago.A．mustn’t be B．may not beC．needn’t be D．can’t be17．Jenny is a very thoughtful girl. She had got everything ready ________ the class meeting began.A．before B．after C．when D．untilpart means ________.A．happens B．is held C．is happened D．holds 19．Could you tell me ________?A．where the nearest underground station wasB．how you go to school every dayC．when will the meeting beginD．why are you late for school this morning20．—I don’t like having the maths lesson because it’s so boring.—________. It’s more interesting than politics.A．That’s all right B．I think soC．You are welcome D．I don’t agree with you二、选词填空III. Complete the following passage with the words or phrases in the box. Each word or phrase can only be used once (将下列单词或词组填入空格。
