（完整版）语言学练习题（含答案）判断题1.Interlanguage is neither the native language nor the second language.(T)2.Krashen assumed that there were two independent means or routesof second language learning: acquisition and learning. (T)3.There are two interacting factors in determining language transfer insecond language learning. (F)4.Three important characteristics of interlanguage: systemacticity ,permeability and fossilization. (T)5.Intrinsic motivation:learners learn a second language for externalpurposes. (F)6.Neurolinguistics is the study of two related areas: language disordersand the relationship between the brain and language. (T)7.The brain is divided two sections: the higher section called the brainstem and the lower section called the cerebrum. (F)8.An interesting fact about these two hemispheres is that eachhemisphere controls the opposite half of the body in terms of muscle movement and sensation. (T)9.Most right-handed individuals are said to be right lateralized forlanguage. (F)10.C T scanning uses a narrow beam of X-ray to create brain images thattake the form of a series of brain slices. (T)11.1 Right hear advantage shows the right hemisphere is not superior forprocessing all sounds, but only for those that are linguistic in nature, thus providing evidence in support of view that the left side of the brain is specialized for language and that's where language centers reside. （f）12.2 Evidence in support of lateralization for language in left hemispherecomes from researches in Dichotic listening tasks（t）13.3interpersonal communications is the process of using languagewithin the individual to facilitate one’s own thought and aid the formulation and manipulation of concepts. （t）14.4 Linguistic lateralization is hemispheric specialization or dominancefor language. （t）15.5 Dichotic Listening is a research technique which has been used tostudy how the brain controls hearing and language, with which subjects wear earphones and simultaneously receive different sounds in the right or left ear, and are then asked to repeat what they hear.（f）16.6 Dichotic Listening is a research technique which has been used tostudy how the brain controls hearing and language, withwhich subjects wear earphones and simultaneously receive different soundsin the right and left ear, and are then asked to repeat what they hear.（t）17.7 Input refers to the language which a learner bears and receives andfrom which he or she can learn. （f）18.8 Fossilization ，a process that sometimes occurs in language learningin which incorrect linguistic features (such as the accent of a grammatical pattern) become a permanent part of the way a person speaks or writes in the target language.（f）19.9 The different languages have a similar level of complexity anddetail, and reflect general abstract properties of the common linguistic system is called Universal Grammar . （t）20.10 Acculturation a process of adapting to the culture and valuesystem of the second language community.（t）21.I n socialinguistic studies,speakers are not regarded as members ofsocial groups (F)22.n ew words maybe coined from already existing words by substractingan affix thought to be part of the old world (T)23.a ll languages make a distinction between the subject and directobject,which can be illustrated in word order (T)24.I t has been noticed that in many communities belanguage used bythe older generation differs from that used by the elder generation in certain ways (F)25.A pidgin is a special language variety that mixes or blends languagesand it isn’t used by people who speak different languages for restricted purposes such as trading(F)26.I t is interesting to know that the language used by men and womenhave some special features of others (F)27.I t is an obvious facts that people who claim to be speakers of thesame language don’t speak the language in the different manner (T)28.A regional dialect is a linguistic variety used by people living (T)29.F usion refers to this type of grammatication in which words developinto affixes (T)30.H istorical linguistics,as a branch of linguistics is mainly coverned withboth the description and explanation of language changes that occurred over time (T)选择题Chapter 71.Which one is not right about Blenging?(b)A:disco-discotheque B:brunch-breakfast+luchC:B2B-Business-to-Business D:videophone-video+cellphone2.Semantic changes contains three processes ,which one is ture?(a)A:namely widening ,narrowing and shift in meaningB:semantic broadening ,narrowing and semantic dispearing C:semantic shift ,narrowing and semantic lossingD:namely widening ,narrowing and not shift in meaning3.Science and technology influence English language in these aspects(d) A:space travelB:compnter and internet languageC:ecdogyD:above of all/doc/6712907809.html,nguage changes can be found at different linguistic levels,such as in the A:phonology and morphologyB:syntax and lexiconC:semantic component of the grammarD:ABC5,Morphological and syntactic change contianA:addition or loss of affixesB:change of word ordenC:change in regation ruleD:abrove of allChapter 81.Which is not Halliday's social variables that determine the register? (D) A:field of discourseB:tenor of discourseC:mode of discouseD:ethnic dialect2.Which is not dialectal varieties?(C)A:regional dialect and idiolectB:language and genderC:registerD:ethnic dialect3.To some extent,language especially the structure of its lexicon,refects___of a sociey.(C)A:physical B:social environmentC:both AandB D:social phenomenon4.____,refers to the linguistic variety characteristic of a particular social class.(D)A:Social-class dialect B:sociolectC:A andB D:A or B5.Two languages are used side by side with each having a ____role to play;and language switching occurs when the situation ____.(A)A:different,changesB:similar,changesC:different,unchangingD:similar,unchangingChapter 91.which is not the component of culture ?/doc/6712907809.html,nguageB.ideasC.beliefD.soil2.in a word,language expressA.factsB.events which represent similar world knowledge by its peopleC.peoples' attitudes.beliefsD.cultural reality3.any linguistic sign may simultaneously have aA.denotativeB.connotativeC.iconicD.denotative,connotative,or iconic kind of meanings4.what's the meaning of"a lucky dog"in english?A.a clever boyB.a smart ladC.a lucky personD.a silent person5.traditionally,curture contact consists of three forms.which is wrong belowA.acquisitionB.acculturationC.assimilationD.amalgamation Chapter 101.The interavtionist view holds that language as a result of the complex interplay between the___A__of a child and the __A__in which he grows .A: human chracteristics environmentB: chracteristics environmentC: language acquisition placeD: gift place2.The atypical language development includes__A___A: hearing impairment mental retardationB: autism stutteringC: aphasia dyslexia dysgraphiaD: Both A ,B and C3.Children's language learning is not complete by the time when they enter school at the age of _C__A: 3 or 4 B: 4 or 5C: 5 or 6 D: 6or 7Chapter 111.A distinction was made between ( ) and ( ).The former would facilitate target language learning,the later would interfere. < A >A positive transfer negative transferB negative transfer positive transferC contrastive analysis error analysisD error analysis contrastive analysis2.( ) are learners' consious,goal-oriented and problem-solving based efforts to cahieve desierable learning efficiency. < A >A Learning strategiesB Cognitive strategiesC Metacognitive strategiesD Affect strategies/doc/6712907809.html,nguage acquisition device(LAD) came from( ). < D >A John B.WatsonB B.F. SkinnerC S.D. KrashenD ChomskyChapter 121.____is the study of two related areas:language disorders and the relationship between the brainand language.A.neurolinguisticsB.linguisticsC.neuronsD.modern linguistics2.Psycholingusitics is the study of _____and mental activityassociated with the use of languageA.psychobiologyB.psychological statesC.physical statesD.biological states3._____uses a narrow beam of X-ray to create brain images that the form of a series of brainslices.A.PETB.MRIC.CT scanningD.fMRI4.The brain is divided into two sections:the lower section called the____and the higher sectioncalled____.A.brain stem,cerebrumB.brain stem,neuronsC.cerebrum,brain stemD.cerebrum,neurons5.Damage to parts of the left cortex behind the central sulcus results in a type of aphasia called_____.A.Wernicke's aphasiaB.Broca'saphasiaC.Acquires dyslexiaD.fluent aphasia填空题第七章1.In addition to the borrowed affixes,some lexical forms become grammaticalized over time,this process is called______________2.Generally speaking,there are mainly two possible ways of lexical changes: ________and ________,which often reflects the introduction of new objects and notions in social practices.3.New words may be coined from already existing words by "subtracting"an affix thought t be part of the old word ,such words are thus called____________.4.Over the time many words remain in use,but their meanings have changed,three mainly processes of semantic change,___________,____________, ____________.5.While the "_________"and "__________ "do seem to account for some linguistic changes,it may not be explanatory enough to account for other changes.KEYS:1.grammaticalization2.the addition and loss of words3.back-formation4.widening, narrowing, shift5.theory of least effort, economy of memory第八章1·-------is the sub-field of linguistics that studies the relation between language and society,between the uses of language and the social structures in which the users of language live. 答案Sociolinguistics 2·The social group that is singled out for any special study is called th e ----------.答案speech community 3A------------is a linguistic variety used by people living in the same geographical region.答案regional dialect4he Ttype of language which is selected as appropriate to the type of situation is a---------.答案register5A-------is a special language variety thatmixes or blends languages ang it is used by people who speak different languages for restricted purposes such as trading.答案pidgin 第九章1. anguage and culture,intrinsically interdependent on each other,have_through history (evolved together)2. ulture reflects a total way of life of a people in a_(community)3.in a word,_expreses culture reality (language)4.culture differences are also evident in the way_ and compliments are expressed (gratitude)/doc/6712907809.html,nguage as the_of culture is tightly intertwined with culture (keystone) 第十章1 ( ) refers to a child’s acquisition of his mother tongue.2 Generally speaking, there are mainly three different theories concerning how language is learned,namely the behaviorist,the interactionist ,( ) views.3 All child language acquisition theories talk about the roles of twofactors to different degrees the age ang ( ).4 Lexical contrast and ( ) theories are also proposed to explain how children acquire their vocabulary or lexicon.5 The atypical language development includes hearing impairment,mental retardation, autism,stuttering,( ),dyslexia,dysgraphia.答案：/doc/6712907809.html,nguage acquisition2.the innatist3.the linguistic environment4.prototype5.aphasia第十一章1.（）refers to the systematic study of how one person acquiresa second language subsequent to his native language (NL or L1) .2.Contrastive analysis compares the ( ) cross these twolanguages to locate the mismatches or differences so that people can predict the possible learning difficulty learners may encounter .3.In addition, because of its association with an outdated modellanguage description (structuralism) and the increasingly discredited learning theory (behaviorism) , the once predominant contrastive analysis was gradually replaced by ( ).4.The interlingual errors mainly result from （）interferenceat different levels such as phonological , lexical , grammatical ordiscoursal , etc .5.Krashen assumed that there were two independent means or routesof second language learning : acquisition and （）。
【英语】数词练习题(含答案)一、初中英语数词1．—How handy books are there on the shelf？—Well. I think there are books.A. two hundred and forty-sixB. two hundreds and fortyC. two hundred fourteen【答案】 A【解析】【分析】句意：——书架上有多少本书？——嗯，我认为有246本书。
表示数量246时，百位与十位之间要用and连接，且hundred被具体数字修饰时，用单数形式。
故答案选A。
【点评】考查数学词表达，注意平时识记几百几十几的表达。
2．______ of the students in our school are boys.A. Two threeB. Second threeC. Two thirdsD. Two third【答案】 C【解析】【分析】句意：我们学校的学生中有三分之二是男生。
分数词是分子是基数词，分母是序数词，分子大于一，分母加s，因此二分之一是two thirds，故选C。
【点评】考查分数，注意分子是基数词，分母是序数词，分子大于一，分母加s的用法。
3．—How old is your daughter?— ______. We had a special party for her ______ birthday yesterday.A. Nine; nineB. Nine; ninthC. Ninth; ninthD. Ninth; nine【答案】 B【解析】【分析】句意：——你的女儿多大了？——九岁，昨天我们给她过了一个特殊的九岁的生日聚会。
第一空说明年龄，应使用基数词，第二空说明的是第几个生日，使用序数词，故答案是B。
【点评】考查数词，注意基数词和序数词的用法。
4．—What day is the ______ day of the week?—It's Friday.A. fifthB. fiveC. sixD. sixth【答案】 D【解析】【分析】句意：——一周的第六天是星期几？——星期五。
三、选择题（每小题1分，共18分）1.物体的运动和静止都是相对的，都相对于（）A.参照物B.太阳系C.太阳D.地球2.在飞行的飞机里的人，看到空中的白云迅速地向后退，他所选的参照物是（）A.地面B.高山C.飞机D.白云3.坐在直升飞机上的驾驶员看见高楼楼顶在向上运动，若以地面为参照物，直升飞机（）A.向下运动B.已向上运动C.静止不动D.水平运动4.课本中所述的法国飞行员能顺手抓住一颗飞行子弹的条件是（）A.飞机和子弹运动的快慢相同，方向相同，两者相对静止B.飞机和子弹运动的快慢不同，方向相同，两者相对静止C.飞机和子弹运动的快慢不同，方向相同，两者相对静止D.以上说法均不正确5.下列各运动中属于匀速直线运动的物体是（）A.苹果从树上掉下来B.铅球在地面上沿直线滚动至静止C.汽车在平直公路上匀速行驶D.从一楼沿楼梯匀速走到三楼教室的同学6“月亮在云中走”，“鱼儿在水中游”它们所选的参照物分别是（）A.云、鱼 B月亮、鱼 C，云、水 D.星星、水7.坐在直升飞机上的人看见楼房一栋栋向上升，则飞机正在( )A.上升B.下降C.静止D.都有可能8.下列说法中正确的是( )A.所谓参照物，就是指绝对不动的物体B.研究物体的运动，选择太阳为参照物是最合适的，因为太阳是真正不动的物体C.相对于不同的参照物来描述同一物体的运动，其结果一定是不同的.D.研究宇航员在飞船中的运动情况，选择飞船作参照物较方便9.下列说法正确的是：( )A.宇宙间的一切物体都是运动的B.只有静止的物体才能被选作参照物C.运动速度大小不变的物体，一定在作匀速直线运动D.对同一物体，选用不同的参照物，其运动情况一定不同10．我们通常所说的“车开了”是以（）。
A．开车司机为参照物B．坐在车上的乘客为参照物C．地面为参照物D．没有参照物11．人们生活在地球上，感觉不到地球在运动，这是因为（）。
A．地球根本没有运动B．我们相对于地球是静止的C．地球运动很慢，我们感觉不到12．某人在公路上由北向南行走，一辆汽车由他身后向他前进的方向疾驶而过，那么这个人相对汽车的运动是（）。
第一章绪论参考答案一、判断题（正确的打√，错误的打×）1.不经挑选，调整和修配就能相互替换，装配的零件，装配后能满足使用性能要求，就是具有互换性的零件。
（√）2.互换性原则中适用于大批量生产。
（╳）3.为了实现互换性，零件的公差应规定得越小越好。
（╳）4.国家标准中，强制性标准是一定要执行的，而推荐性标准执行与否无所谓。
（╳）5.企业标准比国家标准层次低，在标准要求上可稍低于国家标准。
（╳）6.厂外协作件要求不完全互生产。
（╳）7.装配时需要调整的零、部件属于不完全互换。
（√）8.优先数系包含基本系列和补充系列，而派生系列一定是倍数系列。
（╳）9.产品的经济性是由生产成本唯一决定的。
（╳）10.保证互换的基本原则是经济地满足使用要求。
（√）11.直接测量必为绝对测量。
( ×) （绝对、相对测量：是否与标准器具比较）12.为减少测量误差，一般不采用间接测量。
( √)13.为提高测量的准确性，应尽量选用高等级量块作为基准进行测量。
( ×)14.使用的量块数越多，组合出的尺寸越准确。
(×)15.0~25mm千分尺的示值范围和测量范围是一样的。
( √)16.用多次测量的算术平均值表示测量结果，可以减少示值误差数值。
( ×)17.某仪器单项测量的标准偏差为σ=0.006mm，若以9次重复测量的平均值作为测量结果，其测量误差不应超过0.002mm。
( ×误差＝X－X0)18.测量过程中产生随机误差的原因可以一一找出，而系统误差是测量过程中所不能避免的。
( ×)19.选择较大的测量力，有利于提高测量的精确度和灵敏度。
( ×)20.对一被测值进行大量重复测量时其产生的随机误差完全服从正态分布规律。
( √)四问答题1什么叫互换性？为什么说互换性已成为现代机械制造业中一个普遍遵守原则？列举互换性应用实例。
（至少三个）。
答：（1）互换性是指机器零件（或部件）相互之间可以代换且能保证使用要求的一种特性。
