谢孟媛中级语法(时态)

谢孟媛初级文法讲义（1-30课）谢孟媛英文初级文法第1集笔记名词的功用。

当主语，补语，受词1. 名词的种类单数/复数普通名词 book pencil. dog. Spaceship宇宙飞船、例如 I like dogs。

我喜欢狗。

集合名词 class, family, audience 听众。

例如 1. My family is large. 我家是一个大家庭。

2.My family are all early risers 起早的人。

我家人都起的很早.专用名词。

------ Bob, Smith, April, London. 专用名词前不能加冠词、后面不加S。

下面的专用名词需要加上定冠词。

例如 The united states . 美国 The united Nations .联合国。

物质名词---glass glasses wood woods paper newspaper butter fruit meat sugar air gas water数字＋容器（度量衡）＋ of ＋物质名词例如 a loaf of bread 一片面包。

Loaves of bread 很多面包a cup of coffee. 一杯咖啡。

Two cups of coffee.a sheet of paper. 一张纸。

Sheep(绵羊) Two sheets of paper. 两张纸a spoonful of sugar 一勺糖。

a kind of fish 一种鱼抽象名词-------beauty美丽 honesty诚实 love爱 live居住life(生活) patience 耐心happy幸福的 happiness 幸福 music 音乐。

2. 名词的数-------个数1单数/ 个数2 以上是复数（七种变化）1、例如 dog---dogs book ---books girl ---- girls2、名词字尾为 s. sh. ch .x. o----＋ es 如 classes buses dishes benches boxes注意名词字尾为字音＋ O 复数名词＋es 如tomato---tomatoes也有例外的如 photo---- photos phone(电话) Piano----pianos3、名词字尾为＋y 的复数名词要去y ＋ ies如 baby-babies ｂoy(男孩) cowboy（牛仔） story（小说）---stories city---cities lady----ladies4、名词字尾为f 或fe 去 f/fe ＋ ves如 leaf叶------ leaves knife—knives wife---- wives也有例外。

精品文档第一集名词的功用。

当主语，补语，受词 (3)Until 2 be动词一般动词的现在时 (4)Unilt 3 be 动词一般动词的过去式 (6)第七集One/ones、Both/all、Either/neither、Other/ another、Some / any (13)第八集Unit 5 时态----动词随着时间来变化时态 (16)第九集 (17)Unit 6 wh 问句----祈使句, 感叹句。

(20)第11集 (22)第十四集不定词（To V）表身份 (28)第十五集 (29)第十六集 (31)第十七集动名词 (33)第十八集 (34)第十九集 (36)第二十集分词 (38)第二十一集 (39)第二十二集 (40)第二十三集形容词（修饰名词） (41)第二十四集 (42)第二十五集 (43)第二十六集Unit6 副词 (44)第二十七集 (45)第二十八集 (47)第二十九集unit 7 动词 (49)第三十集 (50)第三十一集现在完成式 (53)第三十二集 (53)第三十三集 (55)第三十四集 (56)第三十五集附加问句 (57)第三十六集 (59)第三十七集 (60)第三十八集被动语态 (61)第三十九集 (63)第四十集 (64)第四十一集 (65)第四十二集 (67)第四十三集关系代名词 (69)第四十四集 (69)第四十五集 (70)第四十六集 (72)第四十七集 (73)第四十八集 (75)第四十九集间接问句 (76)精品文档．精品文档第五十集 (77)第五十一集 (79)第五十二集连接词 (80)第五十三集 (81)第五十四集 (82)第五十五集 (83)第五十六集 (84)第五十七集 (85)第五十八集介系词 (86)第五十九集 (88)第六十集 (90)精品文档．精品文档谢孟媛英文初级文法第一集Unit1·名词的功用当主语，补语，受词一、名词的种类单数/复数例如I like dogs。

第一集名词的功用。

当主语，补语，受词 (3)Until 2 be 动词一般动词的现在时 (4)Unilt 3 be 动词一般动词的过去式 (6)第七集One/ones、Both/all、Either/neither 、Other/ another 、Some / any (13)第八集Unit 5 时态动词随着时间来变化时态 (16)第九集 (17)Unit 6 wh 问句-- 祈使句, 感叹句。

(20)第11 集 (22)第十四集不定词（To V）表身份 (28)第十五集 (29)第十六集 (31)第十七集动名词 (33)第十八集 (34)第十九集 (36)第二十集分词 (38)第二十一集 (39)第二十二集 (40)第二十三集形容词（修饰名词） (41)第二十四集 (42)第二十五集 (43)第二十六集Unit6 副词 (44)第二十七集 (45)第二十八集 (47)第二十九集unit 7 动词 (49)第三十集 (50)第三十一集现在完成式 (53)第三十二集 (53)第三十三集 (55)第三十四集 (56)第三十五集附加问句 (57)第三十六集 (59)第三十七集 (60)第三十八集被动语态 (61)第三十九集 (63)第四十集 (64)第四十一集 (65)第四十二集 (67)第四十三集关系代名词 (69)第四十四集 (69)第四十五集 (70)第四十六集 (72)第四十七集 (73)第四十八集 (75)第四十九集间接问句 (76)第五十集 (77)第五十一集 (79)第五十二集连接词 (80)第五十三集 (81)第五十四集 (82)第五十五集 (83)第五十六集 (84)第五十七集 (85)第五十八集介系词 (86)第五十九集 (88)第六十集 (90)谢孟媛英文初级文法第一集Unitl名词的功用当主语，补语，受词一、名词的种类单数/ 复数例如I like dogs 。

我喜欢狗。

1、普通名词book pencil. Dog. Spaceship 宇宙飞船、2、集合名词class, family, audience 听众。

谢孟媛初级文法讲义（1-30课）谢孟媛英文初级文法第1集笔记名词的功用。

当主语，补语，受词1. 名词的种类单数/复数普通名词 book pencil. dog. Spaceship宇宙飞船、例如 I like dogs。

我喜欢狗。

集合名词 class, family, audience 听众。

例如 1. My family is large. 我家是一个大家庭。

2.My family are all early risers 起早的人。

我家人都起的很早.专用名词。

------ Bob, Smith, April, London. 专用名词前不能加冠词、后面不加S。

下面的专用名词需要加上定冠词。

例如 The united states . 美国 The united Nations .联合国。

物质名词---glass glasses wood woods paper newspaper butter fruit meat sugar air gas water数字＋容器（度量衡）＋ of ＋物质名词例如 a loaf of bread 一片面包。

Loaves of bread 很多面包a cup of coffee. 一杯咖啡。

Two cups of coffee.a sheet of paper. 一张纸。

Sheep(绵羊) Two sheets of paper. 两张纸a spoonful of sugar 一勺糖。

a kind of fish 一种鱼抽象名词-------beauty美丽 honesty诚实 love爱 live居住life(生活) patience 耐心happy幸福的 happiness 幸福 music 音乐。

2. 名词的数-------个数1单数/ 个数2 以上是复数（七种变化）1、例如 dog---dogs book ---books girl ---- girls2、名词字尾为 s. sh. ch .x. o----＋ es 如 classes buses dishes benches boxes注意名词字尾为字音＋ O 复数名词＋es 如tomato---tomatoes也有例外的如 photo---- photos phone(电话) Piano----pianos3、名词字尾为＋y 的复数名词要去y ＋ ies如 baby-babies ｂoy(男孩) cowboy（牛仔） story（小说）---stories city---cities lady----ladies4、名词字尾为f 或fe 去 f/fe ＋ ves如 leaf叶------ leaves knife—knives wife---- wives也有例外。

代名词92-99代名词的种类1.人称代名词I, you2.指示代名词this, that数量))代名词some, anyone不定((数量3.不定4.疑问代名词who, what5.关系代名词who, which一、人称代名词1)2)人称代名词的顺序1.You and I had better start at once.遇到不好的事端,,可先说I2.I and Bob were arrested for speeding. 遇到不好的事端3)we, you, they的特殊用法1.We should try to learn from our mistakes. 包含说话者本身听者2.You can’t get a driver’s license till you’eighteen.re eighteen. 听者不包含说话者和听者, , 据说3.They say that she will marry. 不包含说话者和听者注意We live on rice in Taiwan. 台湾人说我们以米食为生You live on rice in Taiwan. 你们台湾人以米食为生They live on rice in Taiwan. 他们台湾人以米食为生People live on rice in Taiwan. 通用4) it 的用法a. 表 时间时间, , 天气天气, , 距离距离, , 天色情况 等1. My brother has been married for three years.>It >It has been three years since my brother got married. married. 时间时间>It is three years since my brother got married. 表一种事实is2. The weather gets hot and humid in summer>It gets hot and humid in summer. 天气3. It is about two kilometers to the town from here / from here to the town. 距离4. It gets dark early at this time of the year. 老天爷5. How is it going at school? 事情进行的如何在学校事情进行的如何在学校6. How do you like here?here 为副词 How do you like it here?I like it (here) very much.How do you like it?What do you like?b. 形式主词it1. It is important to keep a promise.2. It is not easy to get out of a bad habit.3. It is no use crying over spilt milk.4. It is important that you obey the rules.5. It makes no difference how you do it. 你怎么做都没有差别c. 形式受词1. Air tank make i t it possible for divers to breathe underwater.2. I found (that) it was surprising that she didn ’t know who Michael Jordan was.I found it surprising that she didn ’t know who Michael Jordan was.find, think, consider, believe, make + it + O.C.(受词补语受词补语) ) + that 子句d. It be ~ that ~ 的强调句 (参照特殊构句部分参照特殊构句部分) )e. 其他重要表现1. It It cost cost thirty dollars to fix the computer. cost只能花钱 2. It It takes takes two hours to get to the airport. take只能花时间 3. I take it for granted that they got divorced. 视~为理所当然5) 所有代名词所有代名词所有代名词==所有格所有格++名词my>minehis>hisher>hersits>its(1) 一般用法1. My cost is brown, and his is black.2. Your bike is so different from mine .(2) 双重所有格由于 a, this, that, some, her, his 等不可同时出现故用 a, this, that, some 等 + 名词 + of + 所有代名词her a book > a book of hers (a book of her books)1.I happened to meet a friend of mine/one of my friends at the station.that charming smile of hers. 更强调是某人的2.I really like t hatI really like her charming smile.(3)惯用表现1.Yours sincerely (truly, faithfully).敬上2.With best wishes to you and yours.竭诚祝福你和你的家人6)反身代名词(1)yourself to your new surroundings.1.You should accustom y ourself2.I have never been to Paris myself, but I hear it's nice.myself have never been to Paris, but I hear it's niceI I myself3.Lisa's mom looked at her in the mirror. Lisa妈看LisaLisa's mom looked at herself in the mirror. Lisa妈看自己(2)惯用表现1.Help yourself to(prep.) the food. 自行取用食物2.Take care of yourself.Take care.3.Please make yourself at home. 请不要拘束Take it easy. 放松4.I couldn’t make myself understood in English.5. Did you tie yours shoelaces by yourself / alone?6. Look up the word in the dictionary for yourself?look up the word in the dictionary / consult the dictionary for the word注意talk to oneselfdress oneselfbehave oneselfenjoy oneselfhurt oneselfintroduce oneselfoneself seat oneself 坐下坐下oneself beside oneself 忘形忘形come to oneself 恢复知觉垦丁垦丁, , 台湾地名1. Please allow me to introduce myself .2. She was beside herself with joy. 他高兴得忘了形beside 为介系词为介系词, , 不可置于名词后3. He soon came to himself.二、 指示代名词1) this (these), that(those)a. 一般用法1. This is my son, and that is my daughter.2. This is not the dessert I ordered.3. Lots of people go abroad these days . 最近b. 电话用语1. — Who is this/it, please?— This is David (speaking).You have a wrong number. 你打错了c. this this, this 表前述句子表前述句子1. To be or not to be — that is the question.生或死生或死? ? 那是问题所在2. We have the right to express our opinions freely. That is called freedom of speech. 言论自由 d. this 指后续的句子1. I'll just say this — you should follow your father's advice.2. He told me to call her — this I did at once.e. this (these)表[后者后者], ], that(those)表[前者前者] ]1. Work and play are both necessary to health; this gives us rest and that gives us energy.先提到的远先提到的远(that)(that)(that)前者前者前者, , 后提到的近后提到的近(this)>(this)>(this)>后者后者2. Tobacco and alcohol are both injurious; but this / the latter is less injurious than that / the former. f. that(those)that(those)可避免名词重复可避免名词重复可避免名词重复, , 无this1. Our climate (in our country) is milder than that (the climate) of India.代替名词one=a/an+Nit=the+NN+N+修饰语修饰语修饰语=that =that2. Smokers’Smokers’ lungs are more likely to get cancer than those of nonsmokers.g. this/that 的惯用法1. She went to this doctor doctor and and that . 她四处求医2. We talk about t his this and that. 各种各样的东西We talk about t his, this, that and the other. 3. At this , she stood up. 听到这个听到这个听到这个,,她就站了起来 4. With this , he left the room. 这样说着就；说完这个就5. He yawned, and that very often.6. It’It’s s an idea; and a good one at that . . 而且7. He told me about his trip and what he bought and all that . 诸如此类8. He kissed her and with that / and then he left. 于是；然后就h. that this, that可当副词可当副词可当副词, , 用以加强语气1. This fish I caught was this big.2. I did n’n’t t you were t hat that tired.2) soa. 当动作的受词1. He told me to wait in line and I did so .2. — Do you think it will be sunny tomorrow?— I hope so . / I hope not.b. 当补语1. Is that so? 是那样吗是那样吗? ?2. Do you still feel sick? If so(sick), you must see the doctor.You make me sick. 你使我恶心你使我恶心c. 当程度副词1. Don Don’’t talk so fast.2. I often donate money to charity, and so does my wife .. The greatest gift we have is our health, and so it is.d. 惯用表现1. They sell apples, oranges, bananas, and so on .. 2. — It ’s risky.— May be. But even so , I have to do it. 即使如此3. He stayed here a year or so . 大约3) sucha. such+(a)+(such+(a)+(形容词形容词形容词)+)+)+名词名词1. I don ’t know such a man . 这样的人2. I have never heard such nonsense in all my life. 这样荒谬的话b. few all(any, few等等)+such+)+such+名词名词1. Have you tasted a ny any such food before? before? 任何这样的食物任何这样的食物2. I like lions, tigers and some such wild animals . . 一些这类的野兽c. 惯用表现1. I visited several European countries, such as / like France, Italy and Switzerland.For example / instance +子句子句 2. I have never read books such as he mentioned .. 注意I don ’t like such fish as an eel. 我不喜欢鳗鱼之类的鱼3. He is a gentleman and must be treated as such . 以对待绅士的方式待他4. My income, such as it is , supports my family. 尽管不怎么好尽管不怎么好such as they are复数时 5. The news gave her such a shock (that) (that) she nearly fainted.such 有形容词的特性, so 有副词的特性4) samea. 一般用法一般用法((当代名词当代名词, , 形容词形容词) )1. I said it was a good buy and she said the same / so.2. I I don’t don’t don’t like to havethe same food every day. b. the same ~ as + 名词名词//子句the same ~ that + 子句1. I want the same shoes as yours.2. He is the same man that I saw yesterday.He is the same man as I saw yesterday.same the same 只能用只能用thatc. 惯用表现1. His opinion about his plan is much the same as yours. yours. 几乎一模一样几乎一模一样His opinion about his plan is very different from yours.2. He is rude, but I like him all the same . . 仍然3. It It’’s s all all the same to me. me. 对…说来都一样；无所谓对…说来都一样；无所谓It It makes makes no difference to me. me. 对…说来都一样；无所谓对…说来都一样；无所谓4. — Happy New Year.— (The) same to you.5. You may go today or tomorrow; it comes to the same thing . 反正结果都一样三、不定代名词不定代名词((表示表示不特定不特定的人或物的人或物, , 或不定数量的代名词的代名词) )1) onea. one=a/an+one=a/an+单数名词单数名词 无限定无限定((同类物品同类物品) )the+the+名词名词名词=it =it 有限定有限定((同一件物品同一件物品) )1. I’d I’d like to borrowa hammer if you have one . 2. Did you bring the textbook ?No, I didn ’t bring it .b. 加修饰语1. I lost my umbrella yesterday; I must buy a new one .2. These boots have worn out. I need to buy some new ones . 复数3. I like that picture — I mean the third one from the left.4. The guitar is similar to the one I have.注意one 不可代替不可数名词He likes white wine better than red (wine). c. 惯用表现1. She is nurse and mother (all) in one to the orphans.2. They left by/in ones and twos . 三三两两3. They came, o ne one and all , to welcome him. 全都；人人全都；人人4. The teacher interviewed the students one by one .5. I, I, for for one , do not agree. 就我个人来说就我个人来说2) both / alla. both 两者两者, all , all三者上三者上1. Both of my parents are happy about the result.Both of my parents are not happy about the result. 部分否定部分否定, , 并非两者都Neither (None) of my parents are not happy about the result. 全部否定2. All (the) villagers knew of the accident. 形容词All of the villagers knew of the accident. 代名词The villagers all knew of the accident. 同位格同位格know sth.亲眼所见亲眼所见 know about/of sth. 道听途说b. + All + 单数名词单数名词 > 表全体1. It rained a ll all afternoon .2. All the town / the whole town was destroyed.3. They jogged all the way .. c. All+All+抽象名词抽象名词抽象名词//身体部位的复数1. The lady was a ll all smiles . 这位女士满脸笑容2. She was all ears . . 她专注地听3. His fingers are a ll all thumbs . 满手都是大拇指（笨手笨脚）d. All 的惯用表现1. There are 700 boys and girls in all. 总共，合计总共，合计. .2. He ate the meat, bone and all . . 连…一齐都他把肉连同骨头都吃光光3. We have all but / almost finished the work. 几乎，差一点注意at allall above all 尤其是尤其是first of all 首先for all I know 就我所知all at once (all of a sudden) 突然all for all 尽管尽管1. The dress does n ot not suit her a t at all.2. Did you fallow/take the doctor’s advice at all ?? 3. If you learn English at all , learn it well.4. For all / i n in spite ofher efforts, she failed.3) some / anya. 表示表示[[一些一些] ]肯定句 some否定句否定句,,疑问句疑问句,,条件句 any1. I need s ome some coins. Have you gotany ? 2. Please lend me s ome some money if you haveany . b. some 表[某个某个] ]any 表[任何一个任何一个~~都~]1. How about having dinner at some good restaurant? restaurant 单数单数2. Any of the magazines will do.c. Some 用于疑问句表示邀请或请求的疑问句或当说话希望得到肯定的答案时1. Would you like s ome some coffee?2. If you eat some cabbage, I’I’ll ll take you to the park.d. some 与any 的副词用法some 大约any 一点点一点点[[也]…1. Some forty people were present at the party. 大约四十人2. I can ’t run a ny any faster.I can ’t wait a ny any longer.3. It It’’s not a ny any big for you.e. 惯用表现1. I hope to visit London some day .day some day 未来式未来式 day one day 过去式过去式过去式;;未来式2. Let Let’’s discuss itsome other day . 改天 3. We We’’ll call on himin any case . 无论如何 call on+人 call at+地4. He was determined to finish the work at any lost. 不惜一切代价5. Correct mistakes, if any . . 若有的话6. There is little water, if any. 即使有即使有水即使有水,,也很少4) other / anthera. 一般用法1. I don ’t like this one; please show me the other . 只有两个I don ’t like this one; please show me another . 不止两个2. Would you like a nother another piece of pie?b.用于列举1.I have two sisters: one is married and the other i s is not.2.I have three sisters: one is sociable, but the others are too shy.注意数量为三时one-another-and the other数量为四时one-another-another-and the other数量为某时one-the second-the third-...-and the lastI have three young friends: one is eight years old, another is ten, and the other i s is twelve.3.Some of the club members came on time, but the others were all late.4.Some people are good at dancing, and others aren’t.5.She hung her raincoat on one hook and her umbrella on another.注意未列举完可数; ; 不可数some~, and some~ 可数some~, and others~ 可数列举完some~, and the rest~ 可数可数; ; 不可数可数可数some~, and the others~ 可数c.惯用表现1. I have a black cat and a white one: the one / the former likes to play, and the other / t he the lattersleeps most of the day. 前者前者~, ~, 后者后者~ ~2. To know is one thing, and to teach is quite another .知道是一回事知道是一回事, , 而教又是另一件事To say is one thing, and to do is quite another .3. They shouted at e ach each other. 4. We introduced one another at the welcoming party.5. The restaurant served dishes one after another . . 陆续dishes 菜肴；餐具6. The The two two girls rowed the boatone after the other . 两个轮流 7. On (the) one hand we look for excitement, but on the other (hand), we look for peace in mind.我们一方面寻求刺激我们一方面寻求刺激, , 另一方面寻求心灵平静5) each / everya.every each, every强调个体强调个体强调个体, , +单数名词+单数动词 1. On On each s ide side of the street there were policemen. 只有只有二二用each2. These hats cost 10 dollars each . 副词, 不可用every3. There are two books in his bag and each book is carefully wrapped in colorful paper.4. Every student has h is his favorite subject. 不知性别用his5. Every dog and (every) cat has his likes and dislikes.b. every+every+抽象名词抽象名词 (一切的一切的~) ~)1. I have e very every reason to believe it. 充分理由充分理由2. She showed me every kindness .她尽其所能地对我非常亲切c. 每隔每隔~ ~1. The Olympics a re are held e very every four years . . 每四年The Olympics a re are held e very every fourth year . . 每一个第四年每四年每四年,,每隔三年 2000 2000 2001 2001 2002 20032004 2. I come here e very every other week. 不用second 用other I come here e very every two weeks .. 每两周每两周,,每隔一周6) either / neithera. 皆用皆用单数单数形neither 是一个否定字 not+either>neither 不可和not 同时出现1. Either of the t wo two answers will do. 代名词性代名词性Any of the three answers will do.2. I can write with either hand. 形容词性不可用both我两手都能写字3. I do n’t like either of the man. 两个都不喜欢两个都不喜欢两个都不喜欢. . I like neither of the man. 两个都不喜欢两个都不喜欢. .4. We passed two gas stations, but neither of them w as was open. open. 两家都没开两家都没开5. Neither of the title s is suitable for the essay. 两个都不适合b. either / neither 也不1. Bill didn ’t come to the party, and Jack didn ’t, either .Bill didn ’t come to the party, and neither did Jack .Bill came to the party, and Jack did, too.Bill came to the party, and so did Jack.2. If you do not go, neither will I.If you do not go, I won ’t, either.7) no / nonea. + no + 单数名词单数名词单数名词//复数名词1. He has no money.He doesn ’t have any money.not any = no2. The policeman arrived in no time. 立刻重点not 表示表示[[不~] ; no 表示表示表示[[绝非绝非~] ~]no = not a1. He is not musician. a musician. 他不是音乐家他不是音乐家2. I am no thief. thief. 我绝不是小偷我绝不是小偷I am by no means a thief.b. none(none(无一无一无一) + ) + 单数名词单数名词单数名词//复数名词1. None of us agree/agrees with you.2. None of us were/was against the proposal.against 介词 3. None of the information is useful. 不可用information are, information不可数不可数4. (It (It’’s) none of your business. 这不关你事8) somebody~ / something~a. somebody +形容词1. Will Will somebody somebody else be present?+ other + 名词名词else: 疑问词疑问词+else +else (what else, who else,…) somebody, everything,…+else b. 所有格 ~body ~body’’s1. Everybody Everybody’’s business is nobody’s business. 众人之事就是无人之事众人之事就是无人之事, , 三个和尚没水喝c. 特殊表现1. He thinks he is somebody .他自以为是个他自以为是个了不起的人物了不起的人物2. If you want to be anybody , you must hard.如果想要成为如果想要成为大人物大人物, 你必须努力工作d. 惯用表现1. He is a lawyer or something . 律师之类诸 如此类的什么Are you crazy or something?2. He would not go with me for anything . 无论如何（用于否定句中）3. Peter is n ’t called a playboy for nothing . He had o ne one girlfriend after another. 不是没有道理不是没有道理>>有道理Peter 被称为花花公子是有道理的4. He He did did nothing but laugh. laugh. 他一味地笑他一味地笑5. I I had had nothing to do withthe accident. 与…无关 I I had had much/little to do with the accident. 与……有很大与……有很大//一点点关系6.He is nothing but a fool. 只是个傻瓜罢了。

第一集名词的功用。

当主语，补语，受词 (3)Until 2 be动词一般动词的现在时 (4)Unilt 3 be 动词一般动词的过去式 (7)第七集 One/ones、Both/all、Either/neither、Other/ another、Some / any (13)第八集 Unit 5 时态----动词随着时间来变化时态 (16)第九集 (18)Unit 6 wh 问句----祈使句, 感叹句。

(21)第11集 (23)第十四集不定词（ To V）表身份 (29)第十五集 (30)第十六集 (32)第十七集动名词 (34)第十八集 (35)第十九集 (38)第二十集分词 (40)第二十一集 (41)第二十二集 (42)第二十三集形容词（修饰名词） (43)第二十四集 (44)第二十五集 (45)第二十六集 Unit6 副词 (46)第二十七集 (48)第二十八集 (49)第二十九集 unit 7 动词 (51)第三十集 (53)第三十一集现在完成式 (56)第三十二集 (57)第三十三集 (58)第三十四集 (59)第三十五集附加问句 (61)第三十六集 (62)第三十七集 (63)第三十八集被动语态 (65)第三十九集 (66)第四十集 (68)第四十一集 (69)第四十二集 (71)第四十三集关系代名词 (72)第四十四集 (73)第四十五集 (74)第四十六集 (76)第四十七集 (77)第四十八集 (79)第四十九集间接问句 (80)第五十集 (82)第五十一集 (83)第五十二集连接词 (85)第五十三集 (86)第五十四集 (87)第五十五集 (88)第五十六集 (89)第五十七集 (90)第五十八集介系词 (91)第五十九集 (93)第六十集 (96)谢孟媛英文初级文法第一集 Unit1·名词的功用当主语，补语，受词一、名词的种类单数/复数例如 I like dogs。

名词41-47一.名词1.School begins in September. 不可数抽象指上学There are three schools in this town. 可数Go to school. 不可数抽象指上学Go to the school. 可数普通名词1.鲸鱼是哺乳动物的译法Whales are mammals.=A whale is a mammal.=The whale is a mammal.2.I met a boy.The boy had a ball in his hands.集合名词A.单数,复数都可以Family家庭,家人, audience, class班级,同学, club俱乐部,会员, company公司,职员, crew机组,机组人员, crowed, government, public, staff, team1.His family is a big one. 家庭His family are all tall. 家人2.Our team has won the championship. 我队The team were all excited. 队员B.复数形Police, cattle, people, poultry['pəultri] n. 家禽Cattle 牛群cow 母牛bull 公牛ox阉公牛One person, two persons/people1.The police have caught him.2.Many people were angry at the case.C.单数形…类只有单数baggage行李类, clothing服装类, furniture家具类machinery机械类, merchandise商品类, poetry诗类, scenery风景类D.注意Fruit1.水果种类>不加冠词的单数形fruit2.水果种类>一种a fruit 两种以上fruitsA kind of fruit, two kinds of fruits3.成果,结果>fruits1.Do you eat much fruit?2.The potato is not a fruit but a vegetable. 一种水果3.His success was the fruits of hard work.Fish1.表数量一条鱼a fish 两条鱼fish2.种类一种a fish 两种以上fishes3.鱼肉Fish1.I caught three fish yesterday.2.There are a lot of fishes living in the sea. 很多种鱼People1.人们people2.国民,民族a people, two peoples, …1.T en people were injured in the accident.意外死亡be killed2.The Chinese are said to be an industrious[in'dʌstriəs] people.industry n.工业；勤勉industrial adj. 工业的industrious adj. 勤勉的Hair1.全部头发/毛发/汗毛hair2.一根根a hair/hairs1.She has thick hair.2.He pulled out two white hairs. 两根白发抽象名词Kindness, beauty, honestyA.一般用不加冠词的单数形1.I like music.2.This is important information.B.表程度可加much, any, some, a little, little等1.I have little hope of succeeding.2.I have a lot of homework to do.Homework 作业类,总称C.限定可加the1.Necessity is the mother of invention. 那个抽象的妈妈>限定的妈妈(类)需要为发明之母2.You should know the difficulty of learning how to drive a car. 学开车的困难>限定的困难(类)D.数抽象名词时用a piece of一则/ an item of一项1.He gave me a wonderful piece advice.注意wonderful的位置A piece of wonderful advice.two piece s of advice2.She sent us an item of news.E.表示个别行为,事件时,可加a/an,也可用复数形1.The computer is a marvelous ['mɑ:viləs] invention.2.I will tell you my views of the matter.F.Of+抽象名词>adj.With+抽象名词>adv.1.He is a man of ability.He is an able man.adj. 能；有能力的；能干的2.The information is of no value to me.value ['vælju:] n.价值The information is valueless to me.valueless ['væljulis] adj. 无价值的3.Mary passed the exam with ease.Mary passed the exam easily.其他用法of importance>important adj.with care>carefully adv.on purpose>intentionally adv.intent n.意图intentional adj.故意的intentionally adv. 故意地，有意地by accident>accidentally adv.物质名词没有固定形状或范围的物质如light, water, moneyA.一般情况不加冠词的单数形This statue is made of stone. 石头材料The crowed threw stones at the police. 石块pebble小卵石stone适中石rock大岩石boulder巨石B.限定量时可用some, a lot of, much1.I don’t need much money to buy than camera.2.We have little rain here.这里几乎不下雨C.特定的物品,可加冠词,代名词或所有格1.This beef is from Australia. 特定的牛肉2.Let’s go to the liquor store. 特定的某家酒吧D.将物质名词量化数字+~+of+物质名词1)形状A piece of chalk 一支粉笔A sheet of paperA slice of bread 一片面包A loaf of bread 一条面包Two loaves of bread2)容器A bottle of colaA glass of water 玻璃杯A cup of tea 有把儿的杯子3)单位A pound of butter 一磅奶油A liter of milk 一公升升=公升A spoonful of sugarA school of whales 一群鲸(鱼类)A herd of cattle 一群牛(大动物)A flock of birds一群鸟(小动物)Birds of a feather flock together一丘之貉/物以类聚feather ['feðə]羽毛专有名词特定人或事物的名称A.一般情形开头字母大写,不加冠词无复数形1.Dr.Jones photographed many wild animals in Africa.2.Henry walked down Bridge Street to save time.B.加the 就一个,用来限定/表”尊重”1)河川,海洋,海峡the Amazon, the Pacific Ocean2)船,列车the Titanic, the MRT台湾的捷运3)公共建筑the White House, the British Museum4)报纸,杂志the Times, the Asahi 朝日新闻C.加不定冠词/复数形的专有名词1. A Mr. Brown has come to see you. 一个叫brown的人2.He is the Edison of T aiwan. 台湾的爱迪生3.My wife was a Smith. Smith家族的人4.He has two Picassos. 他有两幅毕加索的画.二.名词的复数形1.规则变化女英雄heroine['herəuin]例外Stomachs, pianos, photos, roofs, safes保险箱, beliefs信条2.不规则变化常见Man-men, woman-women, foot-feet脚,英尺, tooth-teeth, mouse-mice, child-children 单复同形Japanese, Chinese, carp[kɑ:p] n. 鲤鱼, sheep, deer, species物种rein deer圣诞老人的驯鹿外来语的复数形幽默humor 现代modern 沙发sofadatum-data, medium-media, crisis-crises, analysis-analyses文字,数字,简称的复数形UFOs/UFO’s, the 80s/80’s八零年代, CDs/CD’s 复合名词Passer-by>passer s-byCollege student>college student sWoman astronaut>wom e n astronaut s重点1.单数,复数意思不同paper纸-papers文件work工作-works工厂job, workpart time job 有薪水的工作work, You have lots of work to do.part部分, parts零件A man of parts 有才能的人water, waters水域,洪水Waters of Amazonash灰, ashes骨灰,房屋被烧后的残垣force力, forces军队Armed forces陆海空三军armed adj. 武装的arms 武器custom风俗习惯, customs关税the customs海关manner方法, manners规矩礼仪letter信, letters文学A deer-John letter 分手信air空气, airs装腔作势T om likes to put on airs2.必用复数形glasses眼睛, contact lenses隐形眼镜, trousers裤子, scissors剪刀, shoes鞋, socks袜子, gloves手套3.学科名称字尾为ics,但为单数形mathematics, politics, physics, economics4.表金额,距离,时间, 用单数动词One hundred dollars is enough to buy that jacket,Twenty miles is a long distance to run.T en years is called “a decade”. score二十三.名词的所有格1.Jim’s mom2. A girl s’ high schoolApril Fool s’ Day3.不规则变化过的名词用N’sChildren’s toysMen’s coats4.复合名词>最后一字加’sMy father-in-law’s hobbies 公公/岳父Her boy friend’s birthday 男性朋友boyfriend男友5.共同所有及个别所有Jack’s and Peter’s fathers are doctors.Jack的爸爸和Peter的爸爸Jack and Peter’s roomJack和Peter共用的房间6.表时间.距离,重量,金额等名词可用N’s/Ns’ten minutes’ break 十分钟的休息tomorrow’s weather 明天的天气three miles’ distance 三英里的距离a pound’s weight 一磅重a dollar’s worth 一美元的价值7.表国名,地名>N’s/Ns’the world’s populationT aiwan’s climatethe United States’ future / America’s future8.上述例子,若为无生命都可用B of A表达The roof of the churchThe front of the building 那栋建筑的正面注意1.这个问题的答案the answer(s) to the question.那个比赛的门票the ticket(s) to that game(获得)非常成功的关键the key to great success2.在门口那个男人的忠告The advice of the man at the gate.若用N’s形式, at the gate没地方放了9.重点:表场所,建筑的名词在所有格通常省略My mother went to the baker’s (shop). 面包店baker’s (shop)=bakery 面包店I’m going to the dentist’s (office) tomorrow.A decayed tooth 蛀牙四.冠词不定冠词a/an+可数单数名词定冠词the+单数名词,复数名词,不可数名词1.a和an的区别2.the的发音3.a/an的用法a)表示不特定的单数可数名词Waiter, there is a fly in my soup.b)话题中第一次提到的单数名词I saw a bird. The bird is flying in the sky.c)表示一个Rome was not built in a day. 一天It’s all Greek to me. 我完全不懂,一窍不通It’s a piece of cake. 小菜一碟,易如反掌d)表示某一个a certainHe came back on a Christmas.e)表示一些someThat painting looks more beautiful from a distance.f)表示相同one and the sameBirds of a feather flock together. 物以类聚fine feathers make fine birds人靠衣装，佛靠金装g)表示每一个perWe have six English classes a week.h)伴随a的管用表现a great many 非常多的a littlea fewas a rule 一般来说at a loss 不知所措in a hurry 匆忙all of a sudden 突然have a coldin a sense 某种意义come to an end 结束for a while 一会儿once in a while 偶尔to a degree 非常地with a view to 为了1.As a rule it ruins little in Kaohsiung in winter.2.He was at a loss for words.3.It is true in a sense.4.I go to the movies once in a while.五.定冠词的用法a)表示特定事物You took photo of me. Show the photo to me.The wine I drank at the party was very good.b)从状况可知所指为何之名词前Did you remember to lock the door?c)表唯一之物the sun, the moon, the universe, the north北方, the south, the right右边, the Bible圣经, the tropics, the President 总统d)用于最高级或the only, the first, the last, the sameHe is the only person I can trust.e)by the 单位以什么为单位In England, they buy butter by the pound.We were hired by the hour.We were hired 被雇佣We were fired 炒鱿鱼f)the+形容词指一类人,采复数形the rich, the poor, the old, the young, the learned['lə:nid]有学问的人注意发音g)the+形容词表抽象的意义Everybody loves the true, the good and the beautiful. 真善美h)介系词+the+身体的某部位1.He shook her roughly by the shoulder.2.He kisses the girl on the forehead.Fore father祖先, fore finger食指the five fingers (thumb, index/fore finger, middle finger, ring [third] finger and little finger)3.The man was shot through the heart.六.冠词之特别用法a)half, many, quite, rather, such, what等+a/an+名词1.It lasted for half an hour.2.Many a little make s a mickle. 积少成多；聚沙成塔3.It was so unusual a story that few people believed it.It was such an unusual story that few people believe it.b)all, both, double, twice, half 等+the+名词1.All the computers in my office were broken.2.I had to pay double the fine. 双倍的罚金I was fined NT$500. NT$新台币I got a traffic ticket. 罚单www treble/ triple W 三倍c) a A and B / a A and a B1.I saw a while and black dog. 黑白相间2.I saw a white and a black dog. 黑白双煞d)注意2个物品成一组或合而为一者,只在第一个名词前加冠词the bread and butter 涂了奶油的面包a cup and saucer 附茶盘的茶杯a watch and chain 附表链的怀表七.加冠词,不加冠词意义不同加冠词表限定不加冠词表抽象go to school 去上学go to the school 去学校go to church 做礼拜go to the churchgo to bed 上床睡觉go to the bed 到床边at table 用餐I’m at table. 我在吃饭at the table 在餐桌前in class 课堂上never talk in classin the class 在班上go to sea 当水手go to the sea 去海边。

谢孟媛中级文法(1—120课)目录、学习笔记第一章不定词（1-8）第一节：名词用法第二节：形容词用法第三节：副词用法第四节：S+V+O+to V第五节：S+V+O+原形不定词第六节：S+V+it+C+to不定词第七节：seem (happen…等)+to不定词第八节：be+不定词第九节：不定词的被动态，进行式，完成式不定词第十节：特别注意的不定词用法第十一节：不定词的惯用表现第二章动名词（9-13）第一节：动名词的用法第二节：用不定词／动名词当受词第三节：动词意义上的主词第四节：动名词的否定形，被动态，完成形第五节：含动名词的惯用表现第三章假设语气（14-17）第一节：假设法现在式第二节：假设法过去完成式第三节：假设法未来式第四节：其他假设法的表现第五节：代替if子句的用法第四章否定（18-20）第一节：否定字的表现第二节：部分否定第三节：双重否定第四节：否定的惯用表现第五节：不用否定字的否定表现第五章句子的要素及种类（21-25）第一节：词类第二节：词组及子句第三节：句子的要素第四节：句子的种类第六章五大句型（26-32）第一节： S+V第二节：S+V+ C第三节：S+V+O第四节：S+V+O+O第五节：S+V+O+C第七章比较（33-37）第一节：比较变化第二节：原级第三节：比较级第四节：最高级第八章疑问（38-40）第一节：疑问代名词第二节：疑问副词第三节：疑问形容词第四节：间接问句第五节：附加问句第六节：修辞疑问句第七节：应答疑问句第八节：叙述句型的疑问句第九章名词及冠词（41-47）第一节：名词第二节：名词的复数形第三节：名词的所有格第四节：冠词第五节：定冠词的用法第六节：冠词特别注意的用法第十章介系词（48-53）第一节：介系词的受词第二节：介系词的位置第三节：群体介系词第四节：双重介系词第五节：常见的介系词用法第六节：和形容词，动词结合的介系词第十一章关系词（54-60）第一节：关系代名词的种类和格第二节：关系代名词的用法第三节：限定用法和非限定用法第四节：关系副词第五节：复合关系词第六节：关系形容词及as, but, than 第十二章形容词、副词（61-68）第一节：形容词第二节：副词第十三章分词（69-74）第一节：修饰名词的现在分词第二节：修饰名词的过去分词第三节：S+V+C(分词)第四节：S+V+O+C(分词)第五节：分词构句第六节：分词构句的被动态，完成形，否定形第七节：独立分词构句第八节：with+(代)名词+分词第九节：分词构句的惯用表现第十四章被动语态（75-80）第一节：主被动语态转换第二节： (SVOO)的被动语态第三节： (SVOC)的被动语态第四节“疑问句被动语态第五节：祈使句的被动语态第六节：Say, believe, expect, know, think,consider等的被动语态第七节：特别注意的被动语态第十五章助动词（81-85）第一节：助动词的特征第二节：助动词的用法第三节：含助动词的惯用表现第十六章特殊构句（86-91）第一节：倒装第二节：强调第三节：省略第四节：插入第五节：同位语第十七章代名词（92-100）第一节：人称代名词第二节：指示代名词第三节：不定代名词第十八章时态（101-107）第一节：现在式第二节：过去式第三节：未来式第四节：现在进行式第五节：过去进行式第六节：未来进行式第七节：现在完成式第八节：过去完成式第九节：未来完成式第十节：完成进行式第十九章时态的一致与叙述法（108-113）第一节：时态的一致第二节：叙述法第二十章连接词（114-120）第一节：对等连接词第二节：从属连接词(1)第三节：各种从属连接词(副词子句)的意义不定词〈第01卷〉名词用法(1)不定词的用法名词用法形容词用法副词用法不定词无非就是比较长的名词、形容词、副词而已，因为它有两个字。

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如果你还有其他问题，我将继续
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谢孟媛初级文法讲义（1-30课）谢孟媛英文初级文法第1集笔记名词的功用。

当主语，补语，受词1. 名词的种类单数/复数普通名词 book pencil. dog. Spaceship宇宙飞船、例如 I like dogs。

我喜欢狗。

集合名词 class, family, audience 听众。

例如 1. My family is large. 我家是一个大家庭。

2.My family are all early risers 起早的人。

我家人都起的很早.专用名词。

------ Bob, Smith, April, London. 专用名词前不能加冠词、后面不加S。

下面的专用名词需要加上定冠词。

例如 The united states . 美国 The united Nations .联合国。

物质名词---glass glasses wood woods paper newspaper butter fruit meat sugar air gas water数字＋容器（度量衡）＋ of ＋物质名词例如 a loaf of bread 一片面包。

Loaves of bread 很多面包a cup of coffee. 一杯咖啡。

Two cups of coffee.a sheet of paper. 一张纸。

Sheep(绵羊) Two sheets of paper. 两张纸a spoonful of sugar 一勺糖。

a kind of fish 一种鱼抽象名词-------beauty美丽 honesty诚实 love爱 live居住life(生活) patience 耐心happy幸福的 happiness 幸福 music 音乐。

2. 名词的数-------个数1单数/ 个数2 以上是复数（七种变化）1、例如 dog---dogs book ---books girl ---- girls2、名词字尾为 s. sh. ch .x. o----＋ es 如 classes buses dishes benches boxes注意名词字尾为字音＋ O 复数名词＋es 如tomato---tomatoes也有例外的如 photo---- photos phone(电话) Piano----pianos3、名词字尾为＋y 的复数名词要去y ＋ ies如 baby-babies ｂoy(男孩) cowboy（牛仔） story（小说）---stories city---cities lady----ladies4、名词字尾为f 或fe 去 f/fe ＋ ves如 leaf叶------ leaves knife—knives wife---- wives也有例外。