民事诉讼论文：论民事诉讼中的公开审判制度
【中文摘要】实行公开审判制度是现代社会民主监督、公权制约、人权尊重和保障的迫切需要。公开审判制度作为诉讼法学的基础理论,具有永久的生命力和诱人的历史魅力。毫无疑问它也是民事诉讼法学的基础理论,许多理论(诸如直接主义、言词主义及辩论主义)皆以公开审判为理论源头。学者的研究成果颇多,对本文的研究启发颇大,
因而其研究难度可想而知,但笔者心怀虽不能至,心向往之的学术勇气,有志于研究这个课题。在民事诉讼法学的研究中,公开审判制度具有一定的特殊性,即公开审判的对象、范围、方式和程度等。在不同的社会时期和历史阶段,学者关注此问题的角度和是不同的。有的学者研究制度的完善,有的学者研究制度的变迁;有的学者从监督民事
审判权的视角研究审判公开,有的学者从当事人的视角研究审判公开;有的学者从媒体与司法的关系角度研究公开审判。然而其不足是,关于公开审判的理论研究不是十分深入,尤其是关于公开审判的历史研究,部分学者没有精耕细作,只是致力于较易出成果的实证研究或经
验研究,公开审判的理论研究与实证研究应当保持一定的距离。在公开审判制度的发展史上,它有着不同的侧面,如从秘密审判到公开审判,从当事人公开到社会公开。更为重要的是创新公开审判制度的实质涵义。论文对民事诉讼公开审判制度的研究特点在于,从当前法院系统竭力推行的司法公开的社会活动出发,寻找中国式公开审判制度的真问题,向前回溯,进行公开审判历史的理论性思考,注重对公开审
判制度的基础性研究,如公开审判制度与执行制度的关系,公开审判与独立审判的矛盾,即从多个角度丰富公开审判制度的含义。在比较研究外国民事诉讼公开审判制度立法的基础上,作者认为我国民事诉讼的公开审判制度的完善应是朝着保护当事人程序选择权和利益保障权的方向,同时制约和监督法院的民事审判权,法官应恪守裁判制度的中立性,促进当事人接近法院,促进社会公众监督司法;强调公开审判的首要含义在于当事人的利益实现,这也是民事诉讼的应有之意。最后,论及公开审判制度的完善。论文除了引言和结语,正文共三个部分,共计四万余字,本文的写作思路是:公开审判制度的历史→公开审判制度的现状→公开审判制度未来的改革方向。具体的结构安排如下:第一部分为民事诉讼公开审判制度概述。主要论述公开审判的概念表达、历史演变、域外立法、研究意义等四个问题。公开审判最初是一宪法原则,我国宪法对此已作明确规定。公开审判的制度价值首先在于实现司法公正,进而推进司法民主。其制度价值主要表现在司法公正与司法民主上。第二部分为我国民事诉讼公开审判制度的现状及反思。重点在于分析司法实践中的问题,进而分析其成因。民事司法实践中的问题主要是:庭审公开流于形式、媒体与司法不规范、不公开的范围和程序亟待立法规范、判决说理未形成司法定例。作者认为其主要原因在于诉讼观念转变的滞后、地方因素与行政因素对公开审判制度功能的消解。第三部分为我国民事诉讼公开审判制度完善的构想和思考。作者从诉讼观念的构建、心证公开、监督模式、公开审判的限度与当事人公开五个角度来分析,提出了建构适合中国民事
审判实际的心证公开制度的观点。同时认为公开审判也是有局限性的,最终还要依靠法官的善良心性。因此,在公开审判的落实中,要充分重视法官的职业伦理和当事人的法律信仰问题,这恰恰又是一个长期的过程。
【英文摘要】In modern society of rule by law, it is one of the democratic symbols perfect、respecting and security human rights and the rule of law perfect of nation if public trial system is already carried out effectively. Public trial system is basic theory of the procedural law, there are permanent vitality and history charm .many scholars research it in this intensive, produce many outstanding achievements. For this study is very big, so its difficulty can be imagined. In the different social period, it is different the scholars attention to purpose and angle of this matter. For example, some scholars study“changes in the system”, some scholars study“perfect the system of the public trial”, civil judicial authority, the parties, the media and the judicial. However, the shortage is on the study of the theory of the public trial is not very deep, especially history research on the public trial, just to the achievement of empirical research or experience research more easily ,public trial theory and empirical studies (countermeasures study) should maintain a certain distance and
space. In the history of public trial system, there are different sides, for example from a secret trial to public trial, from the parties to the social public.Researching features of public trial is that from judicial practice of the court, searching questions, the theoretical thinking, paying great attention to system study of the public trial, advocate investigated in view of the public evidence, the relationship of public trial system and implement system, conflict of public trial and independent trial, public trial system of meaning is richer from multiple angles. It is basic on the comparative study of foreign civil litigation public trial system, the author argue that in China perfecting direction of civil procedure of public trial system is toward on protecting procedure option and interests guarantee of the parties, at the same time restricting and supervising civil trial of judge . The judge should abide by neutrality of the referee system in order to promote the parties close to court and social public to supervise justice .The primary meaning emphasizing on public trial is interest realization of the parties ,this is the meaning of the civil lawsuit too .at last, I discusses consummation of public trial system.In this paper, besides preface and ending, three parts, full-text 40000 more than
