黎小群毕业论文(定稿)
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1 届. 别.
2011届
毕业设计(论文)
题 目 关于民办学校产权制度的研究
姓 名 黎小群 级 别、 专 业 社科系 导 师 姓 名、职 称 黄国柳副教授 完 成 时 间 2011.6 2
摘 要 众所周知,随着中国民办学校的出现,中国的民办教育经历了从无到有、从小到大的发展历程。在这一历程中,民办学校在扩大教育机会、增加教育选择、减轻政府教育财政压力和推动公办教育改革、促进经济增长等方面作出了巨大贡献。然而我国的民办学校由于受到多种因素尤其是法律因素的制约,发展得极为艰难。 尽管《社会力量办学条例》与《民办教育促进法》等相关法律在规范民办学校发展方面发挥了重大作用,但是由于认识和其他方面的原因,以《民办教育促进法》为代表的我国民办教育方面的法律在产权规定方面存在着明显缺陷,主要表现如下: 一、只考虑了办学期间学校的法人财产权,而没有考虑投资者或举办者的所有权。民办学校的投资者、创办者的权利和义务的不对称; 二、法律在产权问题的规定上存在所有权权能的严重缺失。这些缺陷严重地挫伤民办学校的投资者和创办者的积极性,也阻碍了民间资本进入民办教育,从而严重制约了民办学校的发展。 针对我国民办学校产权制度存在的不足,在参酌大量国内外学者的相关观点、学说和理论的基础上,笔者从法学、法律经济学与教育学入手并结合调查研究,寻找导致产权问题的深层次原因,力图在思想认识、制度与立法三个层面上探索解决民办学校产权问题的思路。与此同时,也提出了相应的立法建议,期待这些努力能够有助于民办学校的健康发展。
关键词:民办学校;产权;教育公益;立法 3
Abstract It’s known to us all ,with privately–run schools appear ,Chinese nongovernmental education went through these stages: from appearance to development .During these time privately –run schools have made great contributions in expanding opportunity for education, increasing education election relieving financial burden, promoting the reform of governmental education and economic growth. While they are still developing slowly and hard because of many kinds of limitation, especially law limitation. Although the Provisions of nongovernmental education and Privately –run education promotion law have played a great role in managing their development, there are some obvious faults on the rule of assets attribution in our laws , which are as follows: First, these laws care more in legal property right for school or college, and less even nothing in the possession of the property for investors and school runners. There are imbalances in their relation between their rights and obligations. Second, serious faults lie in laws on powers and functions of the possessions, which destroy enthusiasm of investors and school runners, and prevent nongovernmental funds from nongovernmental education .As a result the development of privately –run schools suffers serious loss. The text aims at making up for these faults .In order to achieve the goal, I read and consulted a flood of domestic and international scholars standpoint and theory. The text begins with the combination between law and law economic and education and research, and aims at finding key factor, which leads to the problem of assets attribution and searching for ways of solving this problem from three different aspects: realization, system and legislature .At the same time, I offered advice on legislature and expected that my efforts would be helpful to their healthy development.
Keywords: privately–run schools; assets attribution; education public; legislature 4
目 录 前言·································································1 第一部分 调查中发现的现象及引发的思考·······························1 一、现象与问题························································1 二、问题的解答······················································· 2 三、产权的基本理论··················································· 5 四、考量我国现行法律对民办学校产权问题的规定··························6 五、评析“不以营利为目的”的原则······································8 六、两组矛盾构成的制度缺陷···········································10 第二部分 关于如何解决民办学校产权问题的思考························11 一、对教育公益性本身的重新认识是解决民办学校产权问题的理论前提及核心12 1、传统的教育公益性是什么?是如何产生的?····························12 2、传统教育公益性观念对民办学校发展的影响····························13 3、传统教育公益性观念为什么会受到挑战································14 4、对教育的重新认识——重新界定教育的性质····························15 5、对教育公益性的重新认识及民办教育公益性的认识······················17 6、结论······························································19 二、解决民办学校产权问题的立法思考·································· 20 1、应该建立什么样的民办教育法······································· 20 2、立法建议··························································21 参考文献····························································23 后记································································24 5
前 言 中国的民办学校在建国初期曾经有过一定的发展,后因历史原因而中断。而“穷国办大教育”的难题,一直在困扰着我们。为了解决这一难题,我国政府和人民在吸取以往经验的基础上,不断进行改革教育投资体系的探索。在20世纪80年代后期,民办学校开始出现,经过近20年的发展,民办学校与民办教育都相应取得了较大程度的发展。早在2002年上半年,教育部在一份公开的报告中指出:“截止2001年底,我国国内已有民办高校1202所,注册学生113万余人,其中具有颁发学历文凭资格的民办学校105所,在校学生15万人。普通中学4571所,在校学生233万余人。”1上述数据说明,民办学校的出现、发展为政府和公办学校减轻了不少负担,为这么多学生提供了受教育的机会。在实现宪法赋予公民受教育权方面,它们作出了重要贡献。部分高质量的民办学校像新东方学校、西安 外事学院常常为人们津津乐道。
第一部分 调查中发现的现象及引发的思考 一、现象与问题 最初接触民办学校或民办教育要追朔到我大学期间。当时,我对民办学校的了解仅限于一些人通过办自考辅导班(短线班、长线班)赚了不少钱,这些办学者到处租房办班,后来对民办学校的兴趣主要来源于我对英语的兴趣。三年前,我发现新东方杂志上开始印上“北京新东方教育科技集团”的字样时感到非常惊讶:为什么学校变成了公司,后来发现很多有规模的学校背后(或本身)都有一个公司或集团公司(至今仍为我们所熟悉的有育才教育集团、南洋教育集团)。一方面,它让我百思不得其解,另一方面也引起了我的兴趣。从那时候起,我开始关心起民办学校来了。虽然关心不等于研究,但是,随后关心变成了关注,关注变成了研究。从收集相关材料到前往民办学校进行实地调查,并采访了一些民办学校的校长、创办人与高管人员。在阅读中,我看到最多的一句话是产权问题是制约中国民办学校发展的核心问题。在调查采访中,我听到最多的一句话也就是:民办学校的问题主要是产权问题。 在我确定把民办学校产权制度这个问题作为研究方向之后,我着手进行实地