快递物流网络优化研究外文文献翻译1

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文献出处 : Humble M . The study of ex press log i stics netw ork optimization [ J ] . Operations R esearch Perspectives, 2016 , 6 ( 3) : 106 -115 .原文The study of ex press log istics netw ork optim izationHumble MA bstractEx press industry as an important part of m odern log istics industry to become one of the fastest g row ing industries in recent y ears. The rapid development of ex press industry lead to a lot of capital inflow ex press delivery m arket, thus express companies, there are many sizes for g rab market resources, the com petition betw een enterprises is becoming more and fiercer. Ex cessive com petition caused a lot of w aste of resources, reduce the utilization of resources, and increase the cost of log i stics. In order to solve these problems need to integ ra te the express industry resources, increase the concentration of industry level. A nd C ourier companies merg ers and reorg anization is the integ ration betw een the express industry resources, ex press delivery industry competitiveness effective w a y. Express log i stics netw ork in the ex press industry i s reg arded as ex press the l ifeblood of enterprises, of w hich the end of the service netw ork (hereinafter referred to as end nodes), the distribution center, the urban reg ional hub ( hereinafter referred to as the reg ional hub) and the num ber of spatial lay out directly determines the operation m ode of delivery a nd quality of operations. Therefore, under the merg er restructuring enterprises express log i stics netw ork optim ization integ ration to ex press the development of the enterprise after the m erg er and reorg anization play s a decisive role.Key w ords: M erg ers and reorg anization; Netw ork optimization integ ra tion; End node; Distribution center1 IntroductionLog is tics netw ork theory is the inevitable outcome of the development of log istics manag ement research Gum constantly, is a standardized, sy stematic and scientific research important w a y of m odern log istics, i t ex panded the log i stics netw ork operations research new tra in of thoug ht, provides a theoretical basis for the log i stics netw ork optim ization. DJ B ow ers ( 2007 ) put forw ard the theory of supply chain log istics integ ra tion, and based on log istics, w a rehouse location, transportation cost, inventory cost, e tc , integ ra ting advanced the theory of integ rationa rchitecture. M S R am m . ( 2009 ) integ ra ted log i stics netw ork i s a c losed loop integ rated forw ard/re verse log i stics netw ork, including production/re covery, m ix ed distribution, custom ers, collecting and processing center, etc., first used to determine the m ix ed integ er linear prog ram m ing model for log i stics netw ork integ ration, and then in uncertain scenarios using the mix ed integ er l inear prog ram ming model, the model can avoid suboptimal results caused by separation and continuous. M a ria B oiler mud ( 2013 ) in a nonlinear integ er model to solve the dy namic integ ra ted forw ard and reverse distribution netw ork desig n model double H standards to minim ize transport costs a nd tim e; Integ ra ted log i stics netw ork facility location problem to improve the efficiency of forw ard and reverse log istics, mainly i s the determ ination of three ty pes of facilities, w arehouse ( log i stics), collection centers ( reverse log i stics) and mix ed facilities ( forw ard and reverse log istics).2Ex press log istics netw ork2.1 1 S ummary of log i stics netw orkDonald j . B ow er and David i ts loss in the book of the process of log i stics m anag ement, supply chain integ ration points out that the w hole log i stics netw ork desig n has a direct impact on the log i stics efficiency, to provide customer service capabilities and cost mainly by num ber of log i stics facilities, the influence of the practical factors such as scale; Essential part of netw ork la y out desig n i s to determ ine the num ber of every k ind of facilities, location and job, etc.; In the constantly chang ing competitive environment, the ty pes of products, customer dema nd chang es a t the mom ent, so perfecting the infrastructure netw ork to adapt to the chang e of supply and demand i s very important. R onald h. B a l loon ( 2010 ) arg ues that the essence of the netw ork structure problem i s to determine from to the customer's netw ork structure, including the facility ty pe, num ber, location and each facility betw een the determ ination of amount of products and custom ers; In his book "log istics manag ement", l ists the data needed for log i stics netw ork integ ration, and put forw ard the evaluation and the evaluation of enterprise log istics netw ork in the g eneral audit criteria. L og i stics netw ork has the follow ing characteristics: log i stics netw ork has the characteristics of hig h efficiency. The g oal of log i stics netw ork is the low est cost for a shorter time w ould be delivered g oods in g ood condition of the demand s ide, the max imum com bination of log i stics and inform a tion flow, cash flow to achieve "zero inventory, a short period of time, no interm i ttent transmission" i s the ideal state. The openness of the log i s tics i s netw ork. Openness i sthe foundation of log i stics nodes can be throug h the public netw ork, a ll nodes connected directly or indirectly. L og i stics netw ork openness enables each node and other nodes ex chang e information quickly, processing business. Pilot log i s tics netw ork inform a tion.W idespread use of mechanization and automation equipment can g reatly improve the level of inform a tion of log i stics netw ork, but the collection, manag ement, analy sis and m ining equipm ent in the process of log i stics information i s more important. The information in the log istics netw ork throug hout the log istics activity a lw a y s , to the operation of log istics netw ork as a w hole have the function of the g uidance and integ ra tion. Log istics netw ork has the s ize advantag e . S cale i s the important a ims of log i stics netw ork. Dispersion formed in the fie ld of log i stics, log i stics netw ork nodes and the characteristic of manag ement, w i l l hig hlig ht i ts scale advantag e . Throug h la rg e-scale joint operation of log istics nodes can fully improve the effic iency of the w hole operation of the log i stics netw ork, reduce the cost of the overall operation, reliance on a sing le node of log i stics netw ork is a l so s ig nificantly reduced; C an't w ork normally even if there i s a node, other nodes can quickly m ak e up for i t, resist risk ability.2.2 2 The characteristics of the ex press log istics netw orkEx press log i stics netw ork m a inly includes three parts, main transport netw orks, and distribution netw orks, from end off. Every part of the netw ork composition and the exercise of the functions of each are not identical. B ackbone transport netw ork i s ma inly betw een reg ional hub and reg ional hub and distribution center of the netw ork, i t i s ma inly long distance transportation, mainly by car and a i r transport w a y. Distribution netw ork is mainly betw een distribution center and end node netw ork, g oods distribution throug h the distribution centers, arrived a t the end of the subordinate branches. From end off netw ork composed of customers and end node, i t i s the first l ink i s the final l ink of express delivery business, is a lso an im portant part of the customer experience.The different methods of delivery of g oods produced tw o ty pes of netw orks: shaft ty pe and the entire company g eneral form ula ex press log i stics netw ork. A m ong them, the major structure of the radiation i s the hub of partition netw ork characteristics, in each partition can have one or more of the hub, the hub node can not only send and receive the g oods w i thin the reg ion but a l so can connect other areas of the hub node, transit and sorting is a l so i ts function. In the ax i s of the ty pe express log i stics netw ork, transport of g oods need to transport to the hub node, throug h sortingtransit hub node before handing out again. Fully connected netw ork i s any node is ex chang ed betw een, should have the shipping l ine directly connected. The connected netw ork can realize g oods direct ty pe distribution betw een any nodes on the netw ork, but this w a y of distribution w i l l be an additional shipping cost. B ecause of the dispersed distribution and sm a l l features express C ourier companies i s the main distribution object, so ax ia l radial express m ore than log istics netw ork a l l over a long w i th the netw ork helps to improve log istics resources integ ra tion, log istics resource utilization, to reduce log i stics cost, shaft f ty pe ex press log i stics netw ork more in l ine w i th the actual situation of delivery operation.3The com position of ex press log i s tics netw ork3 .1 Delivery terminal netw orkDelivery a t the end of the node is the beg inning of the express log i stics netw ork point and end point, its main function i s to Posting and expresses m a i l delivery. End points a re m a inly distributed in express business covered a rea, i t i s a hub betw een customers and express log istics netw ork, i t i s the m ost closely relationship w ith the customer.3.2 2 Ex press transit centerFedEx transit node is mainly to ex press log istics netw ork of ex press distribution and transport. In the ex press industry g enerally call forw a rding nodes distribution center. Distribution center is that i t i s important to ex press the importance of sorting and distributing node, a lthoug h it i s not eng ag ed in com m odity concrete production, but i t carried from other outlets to express according to the actual situation of their concentration, distribution and transport, so as to realize ex press process from scattered to centralized and decentralized. La rg e ex press transit center a l s o know n as the reg ional hub, i s mainly responsible for an area of ex press distribution processing w ork. R eg ional hub location and capacity of the entire netw ork transit time and produce a g reat impact on the transport capacity. Ex press delivery reg ional hub of the distribution center, unified handling after i t s focus to send to other reg ional hub or sent to the affilia te distribution centers. FedEx transit center location, quantity, and the determination of position, usually to com prehensively consider the g oods categ ory, quantity, flow, traffic conditions, g eog raphical location, timeliness, urban planning and policy, a nd other transit center connecting relations, operation efficiency and other factors.3.3 3 Ex press log i stics operation netw orkEx press operation of the netw ork i s m a inly composed of backbone transport netw ork, distribution netw ork and term inal to send three parts. A mong them , the backbone transport netw ork i s m a inly composed of reg ional hub and distribution center, distribution netw ork mainly distribution center and end node; from end off the netw ork by the end of branches and customer focus point. U sually express log i stics netw ork, the netw ork backbone netw ork structure for shaft ty pe netw ork, mostly adopt m ore hub shaft radial netw ork; From distribution netw ork and end off netw ork mainly based on the principle of reg ional scope of radiation distance and w i th the m ethod of partition manag em ent. The ex press log istics netw ork is the core part of the backbone transport netw ork; it is the assurance of delivery tim eliness. B ackbone netw ork process i s conducted w i thin the enterprise, the optimization of the backbone netw ork mainly from the perspective of the cost or expense. From end off netw ork because of c lose contact w i th customers, i s express enterprise and customer direct interaction betw een the nodes, not only consider the cost on i ts optim ization integ ra tion problems, should think more custom ers w i th better service ex perience for the m a in purpose, pay a ttention to the m ining of customer dem and information, optim ized and integ rated send l ink.Delivery of the entire process is as follow s : w hen the c l ient needs to send a , can throug h the phone, the w ebsite of C ourier company or to the end node, send a request, a fter receiving member w i l l charg e customers express according to the s i tuation; R eceipt a t the end of the class member take the ex press m a i l delivery to the end node, w i l l ex press, documents and other inform a tion w i th the staff of the term inal branch transfer processing , thus completes a w a rehousing operations; Outlets w arehouse controller according to the local distribution center a t the end of the transit fl ig hts w i l l express mail sent to the local distribution centers, i t i s called the sender homew ork; Express mail a rrived a t the distribution center, sorting , a l l ex press direction as conditions after sorting to a rrang e transportation a fter a brief storag e ( depending on the situation on the mode of transportation to choose tra ins, cars, planes, etc.).A fter the ex press arrival a t the reg ional hub of the c i ty, according to express the destination address ag a in points to the distribution center, and then, throug h the distribution netw ork to send the g oods to the terminal outlets;译文快递物流网络优化研究Humble M摘要快递业作为现代物流业的重要组成部分成为最近几年发展最快的行业之一。