英语中基数词与序数的区别和用法

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[标签:标题]篇一:英语基数词和序数词专题数词一、基数词和序数词(cardinal and ordinal numbers): 基数词表示数目,序数词表示顺序。

1. 基数词(1)1-12 特殊记; 13-19 要加-teen;几十-ty做结尾;几十几更易记。

(2)注意13 thirteen, 15 fifteen, 18 eighteen, 20 twenty, 30 thirty, 40 forty, 50 fifty的书写。

(3)hundred 百, thousand 千,million 百万, billion十亿的用法相似 e.g.Hundred: one/ two/several hundred;hundreds of …成百上千…2. 序数词:(1)基数词变序数词的口诀:基变序,有规律,结尾加上-th;一、二、三特数记;八去t,九去e;-ve要用-f替;单词-ty做结尾,变-y为i,再加-eth. (2)注意 1 first, 2second , 3third, 5 fifth, 8 eighth, 9 ninth的拼写。

二、分数、小数、百分数(fracctions、Decimals、Percentage)1.分数:分子用基数词表示,分母用序数词表示,中间的连字号可用不可用。

当分子大于1时,作分母的序数词用复数形式。

e.g.二分之一a/one-half 三分之一a/one third四分之一a/one-fourth 二又五分之一two and one-fifth2.小数:读法:在小数点后,我们单独读出每个数字。

小数点读作point。

小数点中的零读作zero, nought或o/??/ e.g..3 point three 7.145 seven point one four five36.36 thirty-six point three six3. 百分数百分数用基数词或小数与百分号两部分构成。

e.g.20% twenty percent47% forty-seven percent30.45% thirty point four five percent三、日期和年份的表示(date and year)on May 27 读作:On May (the) twenty-seventhon 27th May 读作:On the twenty-seventh of Mayin 1993 读作:in nineteen thirty-threein 20ll 读作:in two thousand and eleven四、时间和钟点表示:7:15 读作seven fifteen / a quarter past seven5:30 读作five thirty/half past five6:55 读作six fifty-five /five(minutes) to seven9:10 读作nine ten a.m.at 8:00 读作at eight 或at eight o’clock五、年龄表示:1. 基数词+表示年龄单位的词+old, 口语中常可省略years old. e.g. The girl is only three(years old.)2. age(名词或动词) She was then forty years of age. /she was thenaged forty(years).“at the age of +基数词”表示“在…岁时”,通常作状语。

e.g. Julie can swim at the age of eight.3.“基数词-year-old”的复合形容词,意为“…岁的”,一般作定语修饰名词。

e.g.Sandy is a six-year-old child.4. in one’s +整十基数词的复数形式:这一结构表示“在某人几十多岁时“。

e.g.My grandfathr died in his nineties.teens 表示“十多岁”(13-19岁)。

e.g.The boy was in his teens. 这男孩只有十多岁。

He is not yet out of his teens. 他还不满20岁。

六、数学运算表达(Arithmetic Expressuib )Add 3 and 9. 3 plus 9 equals/is 13Subtract 3 from 9. 9 minus 3 equals/is 6.Multiply 3 by 9. 3 multiplied by 9 equals/is 9Divide 9 by 3 9 divided by 3 equals/is 3.+plus(介词)/ -minus (介词) / ×multiplied(形容词性质的过去分词) / ÷divided (形容词性质的过去分词)+add(动词)/ -subtract(动词) / ×multiply(动词) / ÷divide(动词)【易错点提示】1. 分数和百分数做主语时,谓语的单复数取决其后面of结构中的名词。

注意区别下面两句话:2. 基数词可以用在有连字符的合成形容词中,注意其中的名词前无冠词。

e.g.a two-day holiday=two days’holidaya ten-minute walk=ten minutes’walk有连词符的复合形容词在剧中只能充当定语,不能作表语。

3. 在20世纪30年代:in the 1930s在30年代:in the 30s在某人30几岁时:in one’s thirties4. 注意下面的不同表达方式:Lesson Twelve = the Twelfth LessonGate Five= The Fifth GateClass one/Grade(Two)two=the ninth grade/ page nine/ Room 401/Channel Eight5. 序数词在表示地名时的用法:Fifth Avenue (序数词前无冠词)6. 序数词用在奖项前面的用法:win first prize (序数词前无冠词)7. 序数词表示在原来数字的基础上的“再、又”的用法:I have had two cakes. I want to have a third one.8. 一次:once两次:twice 三次: three times9. 倍数的表达:(1)“倍数+形容词/副词的比较级+than”表示“比??大几倍”e.g.This rope is three times longer than that one.(2)“倍数+as+形容词/副词+as”表示“?是?的几倍”e.g.It is five times as big as Europe.The poison of the killer bee is twice as dangerous as the poison of other bees.(3)“倍数+表度量的名词(size,length,width)+of?”表示“?是?的几倍”。

e.g.The earth is 49 times the size of the moon.【真题典藏】1. Linton is interested in Chinese history and this is his _____ visit to Beijing. (four) (2008年中考第61题)2. Eric, the _______ son of the family, has a special interest in physics.(three) (2009年中考题59题)3.Alex is ______ years old and is taken good care of in the kindergarten. (fourth)(2010年中考题58题)【实战演练】1.The TV news reported the celebration of the old man’s _______birthday. (hundred )2. Could you tell me if you live on the ______floor of that highrise? (twelve)3. Please open your book at page________. Let’s read the text. (fifth)篇二:基数词与序数词的用法基数词与序数词的用法基数词A.从1——10one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten.B.从11——19eleven,twelve,thirteen,fourteen,fifteen,sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen.这里除eleven,twelve,thirteen,fifteen,eighteen为特殊形式外,fourteen,sixteen,seventeen,nineteen都是由其个位数形式后添加后缀-teen构成。

C.从21——99整数几十中除twenty,thirty, forty,fifty,eighty为特殊形式外,sixty,seventy,ninety都是其个位数形式后添加后缀-ty构成。

表示几十几时,在几十和个位基数词形式之间添加连字符“-”21 twenty-one76 seventy-sixD.百位数648 six hundred and forty-eightE.千位数以上,648 two thousand six hundred and forty-eightF.基数词在表示确切的数字时,不能使用百、千、百万、十亿的复数形式;但是,当基数词表示不确切数字,如成百、成千上万,三三两两时,基数词则以复数形式出现。

There are hundreds of people in the hall.里有数以百计的人。

Thousands and thousands of people come to visit the Museum of Qin Terra-Cotta Warriors and Horses every day.每天有成千上万的人来参观秦兵马涌博物馆。

They went to the theatre in twos and threes.他们三三两两地来到了剧院。

G.表示人的不确切岁数或年代,用几十的复数形式表示。