论英格兰同爱尔兰历史冲突的根源

The conflicts Between England and Ireland's political, religious and even military , For long and very intense, is facing the UK and the British Commonwealth is almost the biggest problem These problems are not single, independent, but closely tied with the dispute between this 2 nations religion back grounds ,economic development and history (1) 18th century The rapid development of the Irish independence movement

The UK’s high-hand political started on OCT 17, 1171. 4000 King Henry II of England rate army incursions into Ireland, the Irish began to become a British colony. And Irishman started their resist. And after the Reformation in the 16th century, the British converted the state religion, but still retain the original Irish Catholic, the conflicts between the Britain and Ireland is gradually increasing. The late 18th century, the most serious problem is the Irish independence movement. During the American independent War, the Irish Parliament agreed to stationing 12,000 troops in Ireland, drawn 1 / 3 of troops to the American service. However, the Irish Protestants, urging the British to send troops to defend Ireland,. When the petition failed, they began to organize their own volunteers, and with the consent of the British Government. 1778 volunteers began collecting in Ireland, the Irish volunteers to the number 1780 to 4 million people, up to 8 million people in 1781, became Governor in 1792 when the Duke of Portland, the number of Irish volunteers have reached 10 million [1] The purpose of the initial formation of the Irish Volunteers to defend against French invasion, but soon became the elite of Ireland to fight for more rights to the British tools. So when the Irish members of Parliament present to the Governor, "Only free trade can make from the collapse of Ireland, " The faced of failure in the Americas and the UK domestic pressure, in 1779 ~ 1780, the British Government has finally made even better than the Irish leaders would have liked more economic concessions. December 1779, North Government, through a series of measures: allowing Ireland free export of wool, glass wool and mechanisms, and to allow the Irish and the American colonies free trade [2] But Irish people are not satisfied with the results achieved. In 1782, volunteers on behalf of the Congress and passed the final resolution: "Only the King, the Irish House of Lords and the House has the power to make laws to bind the Kingdom. In addition, the rest, nothing is unconstitutional, is illegal and therefore also Curse." [2] They demanded: 1. to establish an independent Irish parliament; 2. completely free trade; 3. Justice of Ireland by the Irish parliamentary control. [3] But these requirements have not been fully accepted During the French Revolutions, the further development of the Irish independence movement, and brought serious consequences to the Irish. When the news of French Revolution reached to Ireland, sparking a wave of Irish people against England, Ireland, from the French Revolution saw the hope and muster for freedom, independence courage. During the French Revolution, many Irish people sympathetic to the French Revolution. In the period 1791 ~ 1793, Ireland there is a general atmosphere of optimism. In Dublin and Belfast widely held in a variety of celebration activities. Leading the Irish people struggle against is the British Irish Association. 1793, revolutionary France declared war on Britain. French Commitment that they could help Irish to overthrow their rulers. So we decided to use the Federation of Ireland's commitment to France, began planning the uprising. However, the Irish have no powerful army, nor a unified command structure. 1798, Irish Catholics and Protestants actually slip into a war between Christians. Because of its plans by the government found that they go underground activities. British government suppressed these riots were declared an illegal organization Federation of Ireland, and began mass arrests in the country. In 1796 the Irish Parliament passed a tough law to punish rebellion, Act empowers the Governor to declare an emergency or a few areas, and the imposition of martial law in these areas; authorized the governor to arrest suspects and bring them sent to the Fleet. Violence and the government troops suppressed the uprising should firmly resolve, forcing a large number of desperate and the victim to join the uprising. Irish Association of Executive Government to the French for help, they exaggerate the Irish revolutionary situation, that as long as the French to send a significant number of troops to Ireland, the Irish will immediately intifada. December 1796, a French fleet of 43 ships carrying 15,000 French troops and weapons and ammunition bound for Ireland [4],In this case, the decision alone, the Federation of Irish uprising. Rebellion is scheduled for May 23, 1798. The leak, the Government to take action in advance of the rebel leader arrested. But the May 24 uprising still broke out. Due to lack of leadership, poor equipment, the uprising was soon suppressed by the government.