2018年湖南农业大学834兽医临床诊断学考研真题试题试卷

2015年湖南农业大学硕士招生自命题科目试题科目名称及代码：草学概论 830适用专业（领域）：草学、农业推广硕士草业领域考生需带的工具：考生注意事项：①所有答案必须做在答题纸上，做在试题纸上一律无效；②按试题顺序答题，在答题纸上标明题目序号。

一、问答题（每小题10分，共90分）1. 暖季型草坪草的主要特征是什么？作为草坪草应用的主要有哪几个属？2. 草坪在什么条件下需通气作业？通气作业有哪些措施？3. 在草坪建植中选择草种应重点考虑哪些因素？4. 简述草坪节水灌溉的必要性及节水方法。

5. 简述草坪杂草的综合防治方法。

6. 简述苜蓿有“牧草之王”称谓的理由。

7. 简述豆科牧草的饲用价值。

8. 在湖南等过渡带地区，矮象草、桂牧一号象草等如何留种茎越冬？9. 简述牧草混播的原理及优越性。

二、试述题（每小题30分，共60分）1、国外的草坪寿命往往可达十几甚至几十年，而我许多地区草坪建植寿命3-5年就退化废弃了，试分析出现这种现象的原因及解决途径。

2、试述目前我国国情有哪些方面可支撑草业的发展？2016年湖南农业大学硕士招生自命题科目试题科目名称及代码：草学概论 830适用专业（领域）：草学、农业推广硕士草业领域考生需带的工具：考生注意事项：①所有答案必须做在答题纸上，做在试题纸上一律无效；②按试题顺序答题，在答题纸上标明题目序号。

一、问答题（共计90分，每小题10分）1、冷季型草坪草的主要特征是什么？作为草坪草应用的主要有哪几个属？2、光照不足对草坪草形态、生理及抗性上有何影响？3. 写出10种常见草坪草的科属及种名4、延长草坪绿色期的措施有哪些？5、简述国外草坪发展史6、简述草田轮作的意义。

7、简述豆科牧草的饲用价值，并例举3种重要的豆科牧草。

8、请例举说明湖南主要暖季型牧草及其越冬方式？9、简述人工草地的利用方式及其注意事项。

二、试述题（共计60分，每小题30分）1、近年来我国足球运动受到高度重视，但足球场草坪的数量和质量严重制约了我国足球运动水平的提高，你认为与欧美发达国家的足球场草坪相比，我国足球场草坪建植和维护管理存在哪些问题，怎样解决？（从建植理念、坪床结构、草种选择、施工技术及管理等方面入手）2、试述目前我国国情对草业发展的利与弊。

2018年湖南农业大学硕士招生自主命题科目试题
科目名称及代码：814水生生物学与鱼类学
适用专业：水产
考生需带的工具：
考生注意事项：①所有答案必须做在答题纸上，做在试题纸上一律无效
②按试题顺序答题，在答题纸上标明题目序号
一、名词解释（共计30分，每小题3分）
1、赤潮
2、自切
3、接合生殖
4、底栖动物
5、齿舌
6、韦伯氏器
7、性逆转
8、假尾鳍
9、鳃上器官
10、对流原则
二、简答题（共计80分，每小题10分）
1、试述绿藻与水产养殖的关系。

2、湖靛是由那一种藻类形成的水华，对渔业生产有何危害？
3、浮游植物主要通过哪几种方式适应浮游生活？
4、桡足类个体发育的特点是什么？
5、为什么鲤科、鲶科鱼类能感知16-2750HZ的振动而一般鱼类只能感知340-690HZ之间的振动？
6、为什么大多数鱼类离开水后会很快死亡？
7、简述年轮形成的原理以及年轮和年龄的关系？
8、怎样辨别棘与硬刺？
三、论述题（共计40分，每小题20分）
1、目前，各地政府开始控制发展内陆水库、湖泊养鱼，请结合渔业环境、水生生物及渔业发展的关系谈谈你的看法。

2、试讨论鱼类的消化器官形态与食性的相关关系，并举例说明。

2018年湖南农业大学硕士招生自命题科目试题科目名称及代码：811 综合知识适用专业(领域）：外国语言学及应用语言学考生需带的工具：语考生注意事项：①所有答案必须做在答题纸上，做在试题纸上一律无效；②按试题顺序答题，在答题纸上标明题目序号。

一、解释题：从下面挑选5个术语进行简单解释并可根据需要举例说明(共计10分，每小题2分)1、arbitrariness 5、deep structure2、IPA 6、informative function3、manners of articulation 7、encoding4、grammatical category二、填空题：在下面每空填一个词，其中部分首字母已给出(共计10分，每空1分)1、When the obstruction is partial and the air is forced through a narrow passage in the mouth so as to cause definite local friction at the point, the speech sound thus produced is a f_________2、Language exist in time and change through time. The description of a language at some point of time iscalled s_________ study of language.3、IC analysis emphasizes the h _________ structure of a sentence, seeing it as consisting of word groupsfirst.4、Pitch variation is known as i_________ when its patterns are imposed on sentences.5、According to its position in the new word, a _________ are divided into two kinds: prefixes and suffixes.6、P _________ refers to the phenomenon that the same word may have a set of different meanings.7、There are generally three kinds of sense relations recognized, namely, sameness relation, oppositeness relation and i_________ relation.8、The u_________ meaning of the sentence varies with the context in which it is uttered.9、H_________ refers to the phenomenon that words with different meanings have the same form.10、C_________ holds that there is no direct link between a linguistic form and what it refers to, rather, inthe interpretation of meaning they are linked through the mediation of concepts in the mind. .三、判断题：根据语言学常识判明正误，对者在该题括号里标T,错者在该题括号里标F. (共计15分，每小题1.5分)1、（）Free morphemes can be further classified into the inflectional and derivational morphemes.2、（）The phoneme /t/ and /d/ can occur in the same position and they distinguish meaning, therefore theyare said to be in complementary distribution.3、（）Relations of co-occurrence partly belongs to syntagmatic relations, partly to paradigmatic relations.4、（）One advantage of componential analysis is that by specifying the semantic features of words, it will be possible to show how these words are related in meaning.5、（）Linguistic forms having the same sense may have different references in different situations whilelinguistic forms with the same reference always have the same sense.6、（）In the sentence John loves Mary, John is the argument, loves Mary is the predicate.7、（）When a bilingual speaker switches between the two languages concerned, he is converting one modeof thinking into the other.8、（）The subject-predicate distinction is the same as the theme and rheme contrast.9、（）Speakers of different languages are capable of distinguishing and recognizing experiences of thesame objective world according to their respective different linguistic coding system.10、（）Structuralists suggested that errors are unavoidable in learning and should be tolerated.四、问答题：从下面各题挑选5题做简单回答(共计20分，每小题4分)1、How do you understand "duality", a design feature of language?2、Do you prefer descriptive linguistics to prescriptive linguistics ? Give your reasons.3、Illustrate the differences between morpheme, phoneme and allomorph with example.4、What is predicate analysis? What is a no-place, one-place, two-place, or three-place predicate?5、Explain the following remarks with examples or make some comments.“Both semantics and pragmatics are concerned with meaning, but the difference between them can be traced to two different uses of the verb mean: (a) What does X mean? (b) What did you mean by X?”6、Explain the following statement with examples: Syntax is about principles of forming and understanding correct English sentences.7、Some students may use the incorrect forms in the left column below instead of the correct ones in the五、英译汉：将下列段落翻译成汉语(共计30分)When I am experiencing a complex story or novel, the broader planes, and also details, tend to fall away. Rereading them, certain sentences are what greet me as familiars. You have visited before; they say when I recognize them. We encounter books at different times in life, often appreciating them, apprehending them, in different ways. But their language is constant. The best sentences orient us, like stars in the sky, like landmarks on a trail.They remain the test, whether or not to read something. The most compelling narrative, expressed in sentences with which I have no chemical reaction, or an adverse one, leaves me cold. In fiction, plenty do the job of conveying information, rousing suspense, painting characters, enabling them to speak. But only certain sentences breathe and shift about, like live matter in soil. The first sentence of a book is a handshake, perhaps an embrace. Style and personality are irrelevant. They can be formal or casual. They can be tall or short or fat or thin. They can obey the rules or break them. But they need to contain a charge. A live current, which shocks and illuminates.Knowing – and learning to read in – a foreign tongue heightens and complicates my relationship to sentences. For some time now, I have been reading predominantly in Italian. I experience these novels and stories differently. I take no sentence for granted. I am more conscious of them. I work harder to know them. I pause to look something up, I puzzled over syntax I am still assimilating. Each sentence yields a twin, translated version of itself. When the filter of a second language falls away, my connection to these sentences, though more basic, feels purer, at times more intimate, than when I read in English.The urge to convert experience into a group of words that are in a grammatical relation to one anotheris the most basic, ongoing impulse of my life. It is a habit of antiphony: of call and response. Most days begin with sentences that are typed into a journal no one has ever seen. There is a freedom to this; freedom to write what I will not proceed to wrestle with. The entries are mostly quotidian, a warming up of the fingers and brain. On days when I am troubled, when I am grieved, when I am at a loss for words, the mechanics of formulating sentences, and of stockpiling them in a vault, is the only thing that centers me again.六、汉译英：将下列段落翻译成英语(共计30分)三十多年前，我们开始改革开放时，突然认识到，市场是个好东西，认为以前之所以没搞好，根本原因就是没有尊重市场调节。

一、兽医临床诊断学历年真题2009年全国执业兽医资格考试试卷下午卷（其题号：为原真题的题号）1、健康牛肺叩诊区后界线应经过肩关节水平线与（P923）A、第7肋间的交叉点B、第8肋间的交叉点C、第9肋间的交叉点D、第1（）肋间的交叉点E、第11肋间的交叉点2、肺脏听诊时，开始部位宜在肺听诊区的（P924）A、上1/3B、屮1/3C、下1/3D、前1/3E、后1/33、犬的止常体温范围是（P904）A、36.5〜38.（）°CB、36.5〜38.5°CC、37.0~3&0°CD、37.5~39.0°CE、3&5~39.0°C4、牛心律不齐提示（P915）A、胸壁肥厚B、渗出性胸膜炎C、心肌炎症引起的传导障碍D、左右房室瓣关闭时间不一致E、主动脉与肺动脉根部血压差异大5、患畜昏迷时,对外界刺激的表现是（P1025）A、全无反应B、轻微反应C、迟钝反应D、短暂反应E、意识部分丧失6、用B超检查健康动物的脾脏，扫查位置应在（P1004）A、左侧8〜10肋间B、左侧10〜12肋间C、左侧12〜14肋间D、右侧8〜10肋间E、右侧10〜12肋间7、犬腹痛时典型的表现是（P936）A、昏睡B、晕厥C、嚎叫D、弓背姿势E、前肢创地8、分清症状的主次后，按主要症状提出一个具体疾病，与所提出的疾病理论上进行对照印证，属于（2010人纲无）A、治疗性诊断B、验证性诊断C、鉴别诊断D、论证诊断E、印象诊断9、属于曽•医处方中处置方法的是（P1014）A、术后监护B、牛化检査C、动物保定方法D、外科处理和手术E、麻醉与手术期监护10、采用一条绳倒牛法保定牛时，胸环应经过（P1027）A、颈部B、肩关节C、瓠结节前D、启胛骨后角E、启胛骨前角11、治疗牛急性瘤骨臓气吋，瘤胃穿刺放气的止确做法是于（P1030）A、左欣部刺入瘤胃腔B、右欣部刺入瘤胃腔C、右腹壁中1/3刺入瘤胃腔D、左腹壁下1/3刺入瘤胃腔E、左腹壁屮1/3处刺入瘤胃腔12、不得用于皮F注射的药物是（P1032）A、疫苗B、血清C、伊维菌素D、0.9%氯化钠E、10%氯化钙13、多发性神经炎时出现痒感的原因是（P948）A、浅感觉过敏B、浅感觉减退C、浅感觉异常D、深感觉异常E、特殊感觉异常14、牛瘤胃积食时,叩诊左飲部出现（P927）A、鼓音B、浊音C、钢管音D、过清音E、金属音（95〜97题共用题干）腊肠犬，6刀龄，体温37.5°C,排少量黏液样柏油状粪便，呕叶，腹部触诊冇“香肠”状物体。