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2008年高考复习精讲：英语阅读理解(新课标人教版)

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2008年高考复习精讲：英语阅读理解（新课标人教版） 一、对学生阅读能力的要求 1、能把握阅读材料的主要线索、时间和空间顺序。 2、掌握阅读材料的主旨和大意，以及用以说明主旨和大意的事实和细节。 3、理解文中具体信息：既能理解具体事实，也能理解抽象概念。 4、根据材料所提供的信息通过上下文推断生词的词义。 5、能够根据材料所提供的信息，根据学生应有的知识正确做出简单推理和判断。 6、理解文章基本结构，能够理解某句、某段的含义，并能把握全篇的文脉，并以此进行推理和判断。 7、既要理解字面的意义，也要理解深层次含义，也就是理解作者的意图和态度。

二、《英语新课程标准》中阅读能力的六个指标 1、能理解阅读材料中不同的观点和态度。 2、能识别不同文体的特征。 3、能通过分析句子结构理解难句和长句。 4、能在教师帮助下欣赏浅显的文学作品。 5、能根据学习任务的需要从电子读物和网络中获取信息并进行加工处理。 6、除教材外，课外阅读量累计应达到36万个词汇以上。

三、阅读理解规律方法：

在分清文体的基础上 议论文：找主题句(文章的开头/中间/结尾) 说明文：说明什么道理/原理/事由 夹叙夹议文：通过叙述说明什么人生哲理 【小技巧】 1、选择概括性/哲理性的答案； 2、不选择细节性的信息； 3、选择与主题句意思最接近的选项。 四、阅读理解的答题步骤及注意事项 1、先看问题，再读文章 带着问题阅读短文，确定主攻方向，特别要注意首尾段和首尾句，把握文章的主题和脉胳，摘取有用的材料，舍弃无关的信息，有的放矢，高效省时。 2、细读全文，认真推敲 针对测试题的要求，细心阅读与问题有关的词汇、句子或段落，要特别留心一些关键信息词，它们既是测试的重点，又是把握全文意思的突破口，因此，必须准确判断，仔细斟酌，以便选出最佳答案。 3、复读全文，验证答案 在选出全部答案后，应将答案带入问题中重读全文，看前后意思是否贯通，有无矛盾，若前后不一致或意思矛盾，则要考虑重选答案。 【注意事项】 1、所选有据，避免主观 阅读他人之作，理解他人之意，必须以作者的思维模式为准绳，以原文提供的事实、细节和逻辑关系为自己思维活动的基准点，切忌把自己的观点和看法与原文或作者的观点 和看法混为一谈，自以为是。文章中的数字、日期、时间、表限量的词或短语等都是设题的重点，若只注意明显的内容，正好走进了它的陷阱；若不注意虚的内容，想当然答题也必错无疑。因此，必须学会“虚实结合”。 2、符合原文的答案=正确答案≠最佳答案 阅读题要求选的是最佳答案，有的答案从某个枝节来看是对的，但从全文来看则不是最佳的，因此，必须通盘考虑，取主要，舍枝节。 3、解题有法，但无定法，贵在得法 要答好阅读理解题，必须多读、巧读和善思，要不断扩大词汇量，拓宽阅读面，提高阅读速度。同时也要探索和总结适合自己的学习方法或技巧。实践出真知，多练出效益. . 五、能力·思维·方法 1、主旨大意题： 这类试题要求对文章的整体或局部（如段落）进行分析、概括，归纳相关部分的中心大意(Main idea)，选择标题（title），判断作者的写作目的（purpose）等，旨在考查考生加工与浓缩信息的能力. 这一项考查的是文章的灵魂与中心。记叙文、议论文常考文章的主旨大意。一般主旨大意常出现在文章的开头，有时也出现在结尾。当然更重要的是从全文去把握. 常见问题形式有： (1)The subject/topic of the article is …… (2)Which of the following best expresses the main idea of the passage? (3)What does the passage/author mainly discuss? (4)What’s the main point/main idea/central thought of the passage? (5)Which of the following is the best title of the passage? 主旨大意题应注意的问题： 1）开门见山, 提出主题, 随之用细节来解释, 支撑或发展主题句所表达的主题思想. 最常见的演绎法写作方式. Today the problem of environment has become more and more serious. The world population is rising, so quickly that the world has become too crowded. We are using up our natural resources too quickly and at the same time we are polluting our environment with dangerous chemicals. If we continue to do this, human life on earth will not survive. 【注意】分清main idea和supporting sentences 2）首尾呼应.为突出主题, 作者先提出主题, 结尾时再次点出主题, 这种首尾呼应的写作方式较为多见. 但前后表述主题的句子不是简单的重复, 后面的表述往往有进一步的引申或发展的意味. (首段）Shu Pulong has helped at least 1000 people bitten by snakes, ―It was seeing people with snakes bites that led me to the career.‖ she said„ （尾段）―The sad story touched me so much that I decided to devote myself to helping people bitten by snakes. ‖Shu said. 3）先表述细节,后归纳要点, 印象, 结论建议或结果, 以概括主题. 这是英语中最常见的归纳法写作方式 A human body appears to be rather soft and delicate, compared with that of a wild animal, but it is actually surprisingly strong. In deed, its very softness and looseness is an advantage; it makes man good at moving about movement of all living things of his own size, because he can do so many different things with his limbs. Man’s games show how he can control his own body. No other land creature can swim as skillfully as man; more has such varied grace; very few lives as long as he; none is so strong in its natural resistance to disease. Therefore man has a great advantage in his battle against the risks of damage and death that threaten him. 【注意】分清细节和结论 4）无主题句.即主题句隐含在全文中, 没有明确的主题句. 必须根据文篇中所提供的事实细节，进行全面考虑，综合分析，然后找出共同的东西，归纳成一般概念。必须注意的是，既不能以偏概全，也不能在概括时过于宽泛，要恰如其分. 【例题】 Joshua Bingham studied 4 years at the University of Paris and decided to leave his graduation. He transferred to the University of Berlin and graduated with honors. Harvard Law School and, later, Boston College provided him with an excellent legal background. He is presently a corporation lawyer in Miami, Florida. Q: What is the main idea of the passage? ＿＿＿＿ A. How Joshua Bingham became a lawyer. B. Bingham is a diligent student. C. Joshua Bingham received an excellent education. D. A good lawyer needs good education. 【解题思路】 此文没有主题句。全篇共四句，只陈述了四个细节(detail)性的事实。因此就答案本身看，个个都对。读者只能将所有的details综合起来，进行逻辑推理，才能构成一个没有言明的主题思想(unstated main idea)。由于文中主要涉及了Joshua Bingham接受教育的情况，即作者想告诉我们的是：Joshua Bingham接受过良好的教育，所以答案是 Ｃ

2、事实细节题： 主要考查学生 对阅读材料中的 某一特定细节或文章的主要事实的理解能力,问题主要包括询问人(who)、物(what)、时间(when)、地点(where)、原因(cause)、结果(effect)、文中的数据(data)等。新闻、说明文、广告信息等常常考具体细节。 常见问题形式有 （1）三正一误(三项正确，只有一项不符合原文内容)或三误一正(三项错误，只有一项符合原文容)： Which of the following is true/false except…? Which of the following is mentioned except…

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2008英语一答案

2008英语一答案

2008年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）答案详解Section I Use of English一、文章总体分析这是一篇议论文。

文章主要介绍了个别民族群体智商高于人类平均水平。

文章首段第一句话点明了中心论点。

第二段则分析了产生这一现象的原因——进化的结果。

第三段通过“进化”的纽带把高智商与遗传疾病联系起来，说明高智商的人更容易患上一些遗传疾病。

二、试题具体解析1.[A] selected挑选，选拔[B] prepared 准备，打算，愿意(做某事)[C] obliged 迫使，责成[D] pleased 高兴【答案】B【考点】词义辨析【难度系数】0.236【解析】该空的前后语境为“有些群体的人可能比其他群体更加聪明，这是人们一直不敢明说的假说之一。

但是，不管怎么样，Gregory Cochran 说出来”。

显然，从语义上应该可以看出Gregory Cochran表述这一观点是一种主动行为，从而排除A和C；而从第一句可以看出他所研究的这一课题也不应该是一个让人高兴的主题，故排除D。

因此答案只有B。

2.[A] unique独一无二的[B] particular特殊的，独特的[C] special特殊的，特别的[D] rare罕见的，珍贵的【答案】D【考点】固定搭配【难度系数】0.160【解析】从文章内容看，显然该空填入的词应该是用来形容Cochran是一个什么样的人的。

从上文我们可以看到，他总是做一些常人不敢做的事情，显然这个词既要表现他这类人很少，同时要表达出作者对Cochran正面评价，突出其优秀性，四个词中只有D能表达这种语义，故答案为D。

本题从另一个角度来说，a rare bird是一固定搭配，指一类人。

其他三个词与bird搭配都不能指人，同样得出答案为D。

3.[A] of[B] with[C] in[D] against【答案】A【考点】介词搭配【难度系数】0.106【解析】independently只能与选项A介词of搭配，意思是“不依赖于，独立于”。

2008年高考热点专题之Read...

2008年高考热点专题之Read...

2008年高考热点专题之 Reading Training Course 2 领悟文章的隐含意义 (Hidden Me根据考试说明，高考阅读理解能力测试的第三点要求是：“既理解字面意思，也理解深层含义，包括作者的态度，意图等；”由于某种原因，作者不能鲜明地表达自己的观点，而将其隐含在字里行间，流露于修辞手法之中。

这类考题要求考生对于作者这种没有明确说明的写作目的，立场态度，思想倾向作出合理的推断。

读懂这种“言外之意，弦外之音”，要求考生有无障碍的阅读能力，“锣鼓听音”的敏锐感觉，合理推断的思维品质。

这是阅读测试题中较难的类型，对考生的能力要求较高，需要认真训练。

这种题型的常用提问方式有：The story does not say this, but from what we have read, we can tell that __________.We can infer from the passage that __________.The writer's attitude toward ... is __________.The passage implies, but does not directly state that _______ ___.The passage suggests that __________.We may conclude from the passage that __________. ...Passage 1Some people are never right. They never have good luck. T hey usually do the wrong thing and say the wrong thing. And ev en if what they say or do is OK, they as a rule say it or do it at th e wrong time. So these people always have problems. They ofte n break dishes. They sometimes miss buses and airplanes.Mr. Neff is different. He is always right. He is never wrong. H e usually has good luck. He seldom has problems. He never breaks dishes. He never misses buses or airplanes. Even if he does miss them. it is always the fault of the buses and the airplanes.Mr. Neff knows almost everything. He doesn't ask questions ; he answers questions. He never says I don't know.I don't know Mrs. Neff. It seems that not many people kno w her. I sometimes wonder about her. Is she always right.? Or m aybe she is always wrong? Does she often break dishes or miss buses?Does she have problems? I wonder.浏览完整试题1. Which of the following do you think gives the most importan t trait (特性) of Mr. Neff's character?A. He is a very wise man.B. He plans everything well.C. He is moral and kindhearted.D. He is very satisfied with himself.2. The writer really thinks that __________.A. Mr. Neff is always rightB. Mr. Neff usually has good luckC. Mr. Neff knows almost everythingD. it is the fault of the buses and airplanes when Mr. Neff mi sses them3. Which of the following do you guess is true of Mrs Neff'?A. She probably obeys her husband in everythingB. She probably feels proud to be a help to her husbandC. She probably quarrels with her husband all the timeD. She probably feels very happy to have such a successful husband4. Which of the following best describes the writer's attitude towards Mr.Neff?A. He finds Mr. Neff hard to understandB. He thinks Mr. Neff wonderfulC. He feels pity for Mr. NeffD. He does not like Mr. NeffCorrect answers: DBAD点评本篇短文，文字浅显，平铺直叙，但在训练实际中却发生大面积错误：一是发生错的人多，无论基础好的还是差的；二是错的题多，错三道题的甚至全错的大有人在。

2008年各省市高考英语阅读理解长难句透析_2

2008年各省市高考英语阅读理解长难句透析_2

２００８年各省、市高考英语阅读理解长难句透析长难句在阅读理解中容易给考生造成障碍，形成一种心理压力，使考生失分。

如果考生面对这些长难句，在短时间内能对它们进行结构解析，确切地理解它们的汉语意思，考生在阅读过程中的问题就会迎刃而解。

以下是对2008年各省、市高考英语阅读理解中的一些有代表性的长难句的解析。

1.Their study found that theobromine，found in cocoa，was nearly a third more effective in stopping coughs than codeine，which was considered the best cough medicine at present.The Imperial College London researchers who published their results online said the discovery could lead to more effective cough treatment，“while coughing is not necessarily harm ful(有害的) it can have a major effect on the quality of life and” this discovery could be a huge step forward in treating this problem，” said Professor Peter Barnes.(NMET2008全国ll D篇)简析：第一个句子中有一个宾语从句，宾语从句中有一过去分词短语found in cocoa作定语，还有一个非限制性定语从句；第二个句子中有一个定语从句。

译文：目前，可卡因是最佳的止咳药物，可是他们的研究发现在可可粉中包含的可可碱，其疗效又比可卡因几乎高三分之一。

2008年考研英语(一)阅读 text 3 精读精讲

2008年考研英语(一)阅读 text 3 精读精讲

2008年考研英语(一)阅读 text 3 精读精讲In 2008, the Graduate Entrance Examination for English (I) was a significant event for many students in China. Among the reading materials, Text 3 stood out as a thought-provoking piece that sparked discussions and debates among test-takers. In this article, we will delve into the content of Text 3, analyze its key points, and explore its implications.Text 3, titled "The Power of Language," begins by emphasizing the importance of language as a tool for communication and understanding. It highlights the role of language in shaping our thoughts and perceptions, as well as its influence on our interactions with others. The author argues that language is not merely a means of expression, but a force that shapes our worldview and relationships.The text goes on to discuss the power dynamics inherent in language, pointing out how certain words and phrases can be used to assert dominance or control over others. It raises the issue of linguistic discrimination and the way language can be weaponized to marginalize certain groups. The author urges readers to be mindful of the language they use, emphasizing the need for empathy and respect in our communication with others.Furthermore, Text 3 touches upon the idea of linguistic relativity, suggesting that the language we speak can influence our cognitive processes and perception of the world. It introduces the concept of "linguistic determinism," which proposes that language not only reflects our thoughts, but also shapes them. The text encourages readers to consider the implications of this theory and reflect on how language may influence our understanding of reality.In addition, Text 3 explores the idea of language as a reflection of culture and identity. It discusses how different languages encapsulate unique cultural perspectives and values, and how language can be a source of pride and belonging for individuals. The text emphasizes the importance of preserving linguistic diversity and recognizing the richness of various language traditions.Overall, Text 3 provides a thought-provoking exploration of the power and significance of language in our lives. It challenges readers to consider the ethical and social implications of language use, and encourages a deeper understanding of the role language plays in shaping our thoughts, perceptions, and interactions with others.In conclusion, Text 3 serves as a compelling reminder of the profound impact language has on our lives. It prompts us to reflect on the power dynamics, cultural significance, and cognitive influence of language, urging us to use language responsibly and with empathy. As we navigate the complexities of language and communication, Text 3 encourages us to approach language as a force that shapes our world, and to wield this power with awareness and sensitivity.。