泵的中英文结合翻译资料
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Rotary pumps旋转泵These are built in many different designs and are extremely popular in modern fluid-power system. The most common rotary-pump designs used today are spur-gear, generated-rotary , sliding-vane ,and screw pump ,each type has advantages that make it the most suitable for a given application .旋转泵应用于不同的设计中，在流体动力系统中极其常用。
今天最常用的旋转泵是外齿轮泵、内齿轮泵、摆线转子泵、滑动叶片泵和螺旋泵。
每种类型的泵都有优点，适合于特定场合的应用。
Spur-gear pumps. these pumps have two mating gears are turned in a closely fitted casing. Rotation of one gear ,the driver causes the second ,or follower gear, to turn . the driving shaft is usually connected to the upper gear of the pump .直齿齿轮泵，这种泵有两个啮合的齿轮在密封壳体内转动。
第一个齿轮即主动轮的回转引起第二个齿轮即从动轮的回转。
驱动轴通常连接到泵上面的齿轮上。
When the pump is first started ,rotation of gears forces air out the casing and into the discharge pipe. this removal of air from the pump casing produces a partial vacuum on the pump inlet ,here the fluid is trapped between the teeth of the upper and lower gears and the pump casing .continued rotation of the gears forces the fluid out of the pump discharge .当泵首次启动时，齿轮的旋转迫使空气离开壳体进入排油管。
这种泵内空气运动使泵吸入口处形成了真空，于是外部油箱的液体在大气压的作用下，由泵的入口进入，聚集在上下齿轮和泵壳体之间，齿轮连续的旋转使液体流出泵的出口。
Pressure rise in a spur-gear pump is produced by the squeezing action on the fluid ad it is expelled from between the meshing gear teeth and casing ,.a vacuum is formed in the cavity between the teeth ad unmesh, causing more fluid to be drawn into the pump ,a spur-gear pump is a constant-displacement unit ,its discharge is constant at a given shaft speed. the only way the quantity of fluid discharge by a spur-gear pump of type in figure can be regulated is by varying the shaft speed .modern gear pumps used in fluid-power systems develop pressures up to about 3000psi.直齿齿轮泵的压力的升高是由挤压啮合齿轮和腔体内的液体产生的。
当齿轮脱开啮合时，腔内形成真空，使更多的液体被吸入泵内。
直齿齿轮泵是定排量的元件，当轴转速不变时，输出流量恒定。
只有一种方法即改变输入轴的转速，能调节这种直齿齿轮泵的排量。
现代应用在流体动力系统的齿轮泵的压力可达3000psi。
Figure shows the typical characteristic curves of a spur-gear rotary pump. These curves show the capacity and power input for a spur-gear pump at various speeds. At any given speed the capacity characteristic is nearly a flat line the slight decrease in capacity with rise in discharge pressure is caused by increased leakage across the gears from the discharge to the suction side of the pump. leakage in gear pumps is sometimes termed slip. Slip also increase with arise pump discharge pressure .the curve showing the relation between pump discharge pressure and pump capacity is often termed the head-capacity or HQ curve .the relation between power input and pump capacity is the power-capacity or PQ curve .图示为直齿齿轮泵的典型特性曲线。
这些曲线表明了泵在不同速度下的流量和输入功率。
当速度给定时，流量曲线接近于一条水平的直线。
泵的流量随出口压力的升高而稍有降低，这是由于泵的出油口到吸油口的齿轮径向泄漏所增加而造成的。
渗漏有时定义为泄漏，泵出口压力的增加也会使泄漏增加。
表征泵的出口压力和流量之间关系曲线常叫做水头流量曲线或泵的HQ曲线；泵的输入功率和泵流量关系曲线叫做功率流量特性曲线或PQ曲线。
Power input to a squr-gear pump increases with both the operating speed and discharge pressure .as the speed of a gear pump is increased. Its discharge rate in gallons per minute also rise . thus the horsepower input at a discharge pressure of 120psi is 5hp at 200rpm and about 13hp at 600rpm.the corresponding capacities at these speed and pressure are 40 and 95gpm respectively, read on the 120psi ordinate where it crosses the 200-and 600-rpm HQ curves .直齿齿轮泵的输入功率随输入速度和出口压力的增加而增加。
随着齿轮泵速度的增加，流量（加仑/分）也增加。
于是在出口压力为120psi，转速为200rpm 时，输入功率是5马力。
在转速为600rpm时，输入功率是13马力。
纵坐标压力是120psi，横坐标是200rpm和600rpm时，在HQ曲线上可以读出相应的流量分别为40gpm和95gpm。
Figure is based on spur-gear handing a fluid of constant viscosity , as the viscosity of the fluid handle increases (i.e. ,the fluid becomes thicker and has more resistance to flow ),the capacity of a gear pump decreases , thick ,viscous fluids may limit pump capacity t higher speeds because the fluid cannot into the casing rapidly enough fill it completely .figure shows the effect lf increased fluid biscosity on the performance of rotary pump in fluid-power system .at 80-psi discharge pressure the pp has a capacity lf 220gpm when handling fluid of 100SSU viscosity lf 500SSU . the power input to the pump also rises ,as shown by the power characteristics.图示是直齿齿轮泵在粘度不变时的情况。
随着流体粘度的增加（即流体变稠，不易流动），齿轮泵的流量降低。
粘稠的流体在油泵高速运转时，因为这种流体在油泵中不能迅速进入泵体完全充满真空区，所以油流量受到限制。
图示为在流体动力系统中流体粘度的增大对旋转泵工作情况的影响。
当流体的粘度值为100SSU，出口压力为80psi时，泵流量为220gpm。
当流体的粘度值为500SSU时，泵流量减少到150gpm。
由功率特性曲线可知，泵输入功率也会增加。
Capacity lf rotary pump is often expressed in gallons per revolution of the gear or other internal element .if the outlet of a positive-displacement rotary pump is completely closed, the discharge pressure will increase to the point where the pump driving motor stalls or some part of the pump casing or discharge pipe ruptures .because this danger of rupture exists systems are filled with a pressure –relief valve. This relief valve may be built as of the pump or it may be mounted in the discharge piping.可以用齿轮或其他内部元件每转一圈输出多少加仑来表示泵的流量。
