2015届黑龙江省佳木斯一中等重点中学高三一模(生物)试卷及答案

高三年级第一次模拟考试英语试卷（满分150分，考试时间120分钟）本试卷分第I卷（选择题）和第II卷（非选择题）。

考试结束，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第I 卷第一部分阅读理解（共二节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

AA sure way to destroy your chances of learning how to write skillfully is to believe that writing is a “natural gift” rather than a learned skill. People with such an attitude think that they are the only ones for whom writing is unbearably difficult. They feel that everyone else finds writing easy or at least tolerable. Such people often say, “I’m not any good at writing” or “English was not one of my good subjects.” They imply that they simply do not have a talent for writing while others do. The result of this attitude is that these people try to avoid writin g, and when they do write, they don’t try their best. Their writing fails chiefly because they believe that they don’t have the “natural talent” needed to write. Unless their attitude changes, they probably will not learn how to write effectively.A realistic attitude about writing must build on the idea that writing is a skill. It is a skill like driving, typing, or cooking; and, like any skill, it can be learned. If you have the determination to learn, you will develop your writing skills by practicing extensively.Many people find it difficult to do the active thinking that clear writing demands. It is frustrating to discover how much of a challenge it is to transfer thoughts and feelings from one’s head onto a sheet of paper. But writing is not an automatic process: We will not get something for nothing — and we should not expect to. For almost everyone, skillful writing comes from hard work — from determination and sweat. The good news is that the skill of writing can be mastered, and if you are ready to work, you will learn what you need to know.1. Why do some people think writing is difficult?A. They have no time to practice writing.B. They believe few people can write well.C. They have no good teachers to help them.D. They don’t think writing can be learned.2. It can be inferred from Para. 1 that ______.A. “natural gift” is the determining factor in one’s successB. diligence can result in successC. a person without “natural gift” is sure to fail in writingD. attitude determines what one will be3. What is the topic of the passage?A. Why writing is important.B. Whether writing is a born gift.C. Benefits of essay writing.D. How to improve writing skills.BBesides containing attractive flowers, trees and other plants that beautify the community, eco-friendly rain gardens are healthy for the environment and the people living and working nearby.A rain garden is not very different from a traditional garden. It is just a far more eco-friendly garden. Usually it is built lower than the ground. Rain gardens make smart use of rain and storm water by temporarily holding water from rain and storms and letting it soak(浸入)slowly into the ground before it runs into streams or enters the public drinking water supply.Thus, a rain garden keeps the water, allowing it to be used as needed by plants in the rain garden, rather than flowing immediately into nearby streams and going unused. The water will soak slowly into the ground within a day or two. This creates an advantage that the rain garden does not allow mosquitoes to breed. This is a simple, attractive, and eco­friendly “green” way to treat storm water.What’s more, planting a rain garden helps reduce pollution and improve the env ironment. Without using expensive machinery and chemicals, rain gardens remove harmful chemicals in the rainwater and cut down on the amount of pollution reaching streams and rivers by up to 30%.Native plants are recommended for rain gardens because they are more used to the local climate, soil,and water conditions. They may attract local wildlife such as native birds. Water your rain garden immediately after planting and once a week, unless you have had at least an inch of rain during the week. Once native plants establish the necessary root system, they will require little care.Often, local governments and private businesses develop large rain gardens in their yards and in public parks as a way to improve the environment and solve flooding problems. How ever, you don’t need to be a professionally environmental engineer to create a rain garden. As long as you’re eco­conscious homeowners, you can help the environment by building smaller rain gardens in your yards.4. Which of the following is NOT true for the function of rain gardens?A. They are good for living conditions.B. They increase pollution.C. They can beautify the community.D. They improve the environment.5. Which of the following is the eco-friendly function of rain gardens discussed in Paragraph 4 ?A. They can help reduce the pollution problem.B. They can keep the rain and storm water.C. They can be healthy for the people around.D. They can make the environment more beautiful.6. One of the main reasons why native plants are recommended is that .A. they cost less and are much easier to getB. they may attract local wildlife to comeC. they require little care from the local gardenerD. they are more used to the local growing conditions7. What do we know about rain gardens?A. They need little water after all the plants are planted.B. They may attract local birds and change the local climate.C. They usually need at least an inch of rainwater a week.D. They may reduce the water pollution problem by 70%.CIt was reported last week that developers could take photos from Apple mobile and Google Androiddevices without the phone owners knowing that the images were being taken. In Apple’s case, developers can also obtain the location information for each photo.Senator(参议员) Charles Schumer said in a telephone interview that his office had spoken with officials at both Apple and Google on Monday.“We asked them if they could find a way on their own to prevent Apple from having access to private information,” Mr. Schumer said. “They were friendly and open to the idea that this ought to be changed.”On Sunday, Mr. Schumer said that he planned to send a letter to the Federal Trade Commission asking the agency to investigate Apple and Google after the privacy concerns came to light. Claudia Bourne Farrell, an F.T.C. spokeswoman, said the agency had received the letter but she could not comment further.“It worries people to think that one’s personal photos, address book, and who knows what else can be obtained and even posted online without permission,” Mr. Schumer wrote in his letter to the F. T.C. “If the technology exists to open the door to this kind of privacy invasion, then surely technology exists to close it, and that’s exactly what must happen.”Mr. Schumer said if Apple and Google could not come to an agreement to fix the problem, then he would be forced to take the issue further.He said other companies had been willing to work with his office to fix issues. “I’m optimistic that we can get this changed without any regulation,” he said. “If it’s not changed, then we’ll turn to the F.T.C., and if that doesn’t work then we’ll consider legislative approach.”The F.T.C. has warned companies to try to be more vigilant(警醒的) in their efforts to protect consumers when it comes to privacy.8. The senators spoke with officials at both Apple and Google_______.A. to urge them not to invade consumers’ privacy.B. to discuss whether it is illegal to have access to private information.C. to stop them from developing the technology of taking photos.D. to keep them from obtaining the location information for each photo.9. Which of the following statements is True?A. Privacy invasion from Apple has existed for a long time.B. Mr. Schumer takes the privacy concerns caused by Apple and Google seriously.C. Privacy invasion from Google has existed for a long time.D. Apple and Google have decided to make a change.10. Mr. Schumer’s letter to the F.T.C. mainly shows that the technol ogy to open the door to privacyinvasion_______.A. causes privacy invasion to happen frequently.B. can be used if permitted.C. causes people to worry about the safety of their personal information.D. causes personal information to be posted online without permission.11. Where can we read about the passage?A. In a newspaper.B. In a magazine.C. In a science report.D. In a textbook.DA sick little girl is being kept alive thanks to her best friend — a dog who carries her oxygen tank on his back. Alida’s faithful dog companion Mr Gibbs has been specially trained to shepherd the three-year-old, who breathes through a tube most of the time. He follows her close ly as she plays in her family’s ten-acre land in Louisville, uses the slide or even rides her bike.Alida was diagnosed with neuroendocrine hyperplasia of infancy（NEHI）when she was just eight months old. Her rare condition has just eight hundred documented sufferers throughout the world, and causes diseased pieces of the lungs to filter oxygen through extra layers of cells, making it hard or almost impossible to breathe. For Alida and her parents, it meant that even a walk in the park was very difficult because oxygen equipment was too heavy for the youngster to be able to carry herself. As parents, they wanted to do something to help their daughter survive despite having a tube following her all the time. The couple found out about “service dogs” from a TV program and realized an animal trained to help the blind could be trained to help Alida. They finally found help in the shape of golden doodle—a retriever crossed with a poodle-dog Mr Gibbs. Now thanks to trainer Ashleigh Kinsley—Alida and Mr Gibbs love no thing more than playing and running around together with the dog acting as Alida’s life saver.12. What is Mr Gibbs?A. A pet dog.B. A policeman.C. A doctor.D. A firefighter.13. When did the doctor know Alida caught the disease?A. At her birth.B. At the age of eight.C. Before she was one year old.D. When she was three years old.14. The underlined part “the couple” in paragraph 3 refers to _______.A. A lida’s classmatesB. Alida’s parentsC. Alida’s doctorsD. Alida’s pets15. How did Alida keep alive?A. By training her dog.B. By staying with her parents.C. By playing with her fellows.D. By breathing through a tube.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

2015年三校第一次联考理综生物部分参考答案
1.A
2.D
3.B
4.C
5.D
6.C
29.（10分，除标注外，每空1分）
（1）类囊体（膜）无水乙醇叶绿体基质（2）①④
（3）丙酮酸和水线粒体基质（4）热能（5）放能和贮能（2分）
30.（11分）
（1）人工去雄（1分）（2）隐性（1分）（3）2（2分）；基因的分离和自由组合（2分）（4）1/15（2分）（5）6︰3︰3︰2︰1︰1（3分）
31.（10分，除标注外，其余空均1分）
（1）1 （2）兴奋无（3）无兴奋在突触上的传递是单向的（2分）（4）受抑制负持续收缩（痉挛）（2分）
32.（8分，除标注外，每空1分）
（1）取样器取样目测估计法
（2）土壤中有机物的含量分解者有机肥田物种丰富度较高
（3）土壤动物的存在能够促进农田生态系统物质循环，并改良土壤结构（2分）
39.[生物——选修1：生物技术实践]（15分）（除标注外，每空2分）
（1）乳酸菌酵母菌（或产膜酵母）
（2）平板划线法或稀释涂布平板法（任意答对一个即给分）维生素
（3）斜面培养基甘油
（4）A（1分）乳酸菌代谢过程中不产生气体（或乳酸菌呼吸作用不产生二氧化碳）
40.[生物——选修3：现代生物科技专题]（15分）
（1）M II中期（2分）第一极体（或极体）（2分）（2）分裂和分化（2分）。

（3）内细胞团（2分）；饲养层（2分）；细胞体积小，细胞核大，核仁明显（3分）。

（4）分化诱导因子（2分）。

2015 届高三年级期末考试生物试卷命题人：王敏杰审核人：孙杨注意事项：1．答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号码填写清楚，将条形码准确粘贴在条形码区域内。

2．选择题必须使用 2B 铅笔填涂；非选择题必须使用 0.5 毫米黑色字迹的签字笔书写，字体工整、笔迹清楚。

3．请按照题号顺序在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试题卷上答题无效。

4．作图可先使用铅笔画出，确定后必须用黑色字迹的签字笔描黑。

5．保持卡面清洁，不要折叠，不要弄破、弄皱，不准使用涂改液、修正带、刮纸刀。

一、单项选择题（每小题只有一个正确选项，本题共45 小题， 1-40每小题 1 分，41-45每小题 2 分，共计50 分）1. 下列关于细胞内糖类的叙述正确的是（）A. 蔗糖水解后的产物均不具有还原性B.麦芽糖是构成纤维素的基本单位C. 脱氧核糖是动植物都有的单糖D.糖类物质都是细胞内的能源物质2. 下列关于细胞增殖、分化、衰老、凋亡、癌变的叙述不合理的是（）A.细胞总体的衰老导致个体的衰老，但细胞衰老不等同于个体衰老B.体内正常细胞的寿命受分裂次数的限制，细胞增殖受环境的影响C.细胞分化是基因选择性表达的结果，细胞全能性的实现与分化无关D.细胞不能正常分化意味着细胞可能发生癌变，促进细胞凋亡可以治疗癌症3. 下面有关实验的操作方法或分析正确的是（）A. 检测生物组织中的蛋白质时，应先加入双缩脲试剂A，与样液混合均匀后再加入双缩脲试剂 B 沸水浴加热后蛋白质样液呈现紫色B. 用滴管在花生子叶薄片上滴加苏丹III染液，发现满视野都呈现橘黄色，可滴1-2滴95％酒精洗去浮色C. 取新鲜菠菜叶加少许SiO2和无水乙醇，研磨呈黄绿色由此判断菠菜叶用量太少D.观察洋葱根尖细胞有丝分裂实验，漂洗的目的是洗去解离液，防止解离过度4.下列对组成细胞分子的描述 , 正确的是 ()①核酸、酶、果糖、脂肪均含有元素C、 H、 O、N②所有的酶都是蛋白质③对蛋白质的检测可用斐林试剂, 颜色呈红黄色④人体内参与信息传递的分子都是蛋白质⑤生物膜上的载体都是蛋白质⑥蛋白质的多样性与氨基酸的种类、数目、排序等有关A. ①②⑤B.②③④⑤C.⑤⑥D.②⑤⑥5. 关于染色体变异的叙述，正确的是（）A.具有细胞结构的生物都能发生染色体变异B.可由非同源染色体之间交换部分片段造成的C.脱氧核苷酸的种类、数目和排列顺序发生改变必然导致染色体结构变异D.通过光学显微镜可观察到染色体数目变异而不能观察到染色体结构变异6. 下列有关生物多样性和进化的叙述中，不正确的是（）A.新物种的形成通常要经过突变和基因重组、自然选择及隔离三个基本环节B.蜂鸟细长的喙与倒挂金钟的筒状花萼是它们长期协同进化形成相互适应的特征C.细菌在接触青霉素后会产生抗药性的突变个体，青霉素的选择作用使其生存D.自然选择能定向改变种群的基因频率，决定了生物进化的方向7. 调查是生物学研究的方法之一，下列调查方法的应用不正确的是（）A.在水草丰富的浅水水区确定样方调查芦苇密度B.用标志重捕法调查动物的活动范围和迁徙路线C.定期从酵母菌培养液中取样并计算，调查其种群增长D.在较大的样本人群中调查某单基因遗传病的发病率8.我国从越南引进姬小蜂来控制本地区对棕榈科植物危害极大的害虫——椰心叶甲，下列有关叙述不正确的是（）A.利用姬小蜂进行生物防治应做全面评估和监测B.引进姬小蜂后可降低本地椰心叶甲的环境容纳量C.姬小蜂引进本地后其种群增长曲线呈“J”型D.引进本地的姬小蜂会与椰心叶甲共同进化9．右图①～④表示某细胞的部分细胞器。

某某省某某市第一中学2014届高三下学期第三次模拟考试理科综合试卷本试题分选择题和非选择题两部分，共16页。

时间150分钟，满分300分。

可能用到的相对原子质量：H 1 C 12 N 14 O 16 Na 23 Al 27S 32C1 35．5第Ⅰ卷(选择题共126分)一、选择题：(本题共13小题，每小题6分，共78分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中只有一项是符合题目要求的)1、下列与实验取材相关的叙述不正确．．．的是 ( )A、紫色洋葱外表皮可以观察质壁分离和复原，利用内表皮观察DNA和RNA的分布B、利用菠菜叶片提取色素，利用其上表皮稍带些叶肉的细胞观察叶绿体C、苹果研磨液可用于鉴定还原糖D、利用哺乳动物的红细胞制备细胞膜2、下列叙述不．正确．．的是( )A、一纯合玉米植株自交，后代出现了性状分离，且3：1，可确定发生了基因突变，突变后细胞中的基因总数不变、位置不变，自交后代中亲本性状占3/4B、生活状态下颤藻呈蓝绿色，水绵呈绿色，相同长度时颤藻细胞个数多于水绵C、皱粒豌豆因为蔗糖含量高，所以比圆粒豌豆更甜D、胚胎干细胞具有分化成各种组织器官的能力，这说明了胚胎干细胞具有发育全能性。

3、右图为a、b、c、d四个不同种食叶昆虫的数量随山体海拔高度变化的示意图。

据图分析，下列叙述正确的是 ( )A．海拔3000米处的物种均匀度低于海拔2000米处B、b数量随海拔高度的变化不能体现该物种的遗传多样性C、海拔3000米处，b、c数量差异是生物与生境相互作用的结果D、海拔4000米处， a、b、c、d的数量差异体现遗传多样性4、将煮稻草所得的液汁中加入多种无机盐和蛋白质水解物，放入大果酱瓶中，放于野外一段时间后，发现瓶中出现细菌、绿藻、丝状蓝藻、原生动物和一种小虫。

持续观察二个月，发现瓶中的这些生物个体数量有如下变化。

以下相关叙述不正确．．．的是 ( )A、细菌、原生动物、小虫可以形成一条食物链B、上述小瓶可以看成是一个稳定的生态系统C、若补充加入同样无机盐和蛋白质水解物，则各生物成分的K值不变D、营养级最高的生物是小虫5、在酶的催化水解过程中，酶与底物会形成复合物，最终把底物水解，形成产物。