新外研版高中英语选择性必修第三册Unit 5课文翻译

Nature in Architecture

建筑中的自然元素

Trees, plants and flowers are all around us and we enjoy their beauty

every day. In fact, we are so used to them that we even take them for

granted without realising how much inspiration they have given us.

When we look at a pine cone, we might think how much it looks like the

tiles on a roof. An open flower might make us think how closely it

resembles an umbrella. It is natural to think in this way, but of course it

wasn't the umbrella that inspired the flower or the roof that inspired

the pine cone.

我们身边都有花、草、树木,并且每天都能欣赏到它们的美。事实上,我们已经习惯了它们的存在,甚至可能把它们视为理所当然,却没有意识到它们给了我们多少灵感。看到一个松果,我们可能会想它看起来多么像屋顶上的瓦片;看到一朵绽开的花,我们可能会觉得它和雨伞是多么相似。以这种方式思考是很自然的,但当然不是雨伞给了花朵灵感,也不是屋顶给了松果灵感。

Nature has inspired many of the most fascinating designs around us,

including those in architecture. From Barcelona’s forest-like Sagrada

Familia to the modern style of Beijing’s Water Cube,nature is presented

in various architectural designs. Today, architects continue to explore

ways to capture the beauty of natural forms to mimic the way nature

works or even to make natural organisms part of a building. 我们身边许多最迷人的设计,包括建筑设计,它们的灵感都来自大自然。从巴塞罗那的森林般的圣家族大教堂到现代风格的北京水立方,在各式各样的建筑设计中都能发现自然元素。如今,建筑师不断探寻捕捉自然形态之美的方法,模仿自然运行的方式,或者让自然生物融为建筑的一部分。

ArtScience Museum, Singapore

新加坡艺术科学博物馆

People whose interest is exploring the relationship between art and

science will enjoy Singapore’s ArtScience Museum. The building was

designed to show the connection between nature and the modern city

environment in which it sits. Shaped to resemble a lotus flower, it

appears to float above the waterfront promenade and the water that

surrounds it. Its roof collects rainwater and channels it 35 metres down

to a waterfall in the centre of the space. The water is then recycled

through the building’s plumbing system. Visitors are often amazed to

find themselves in an urban building that so truly captures the beauty of

natural forms.

对探索艺术与科学的关系感兴趣的人会乐于参观新加坡的艺术科学博物馆。该建筑旨在展示自然和现代城市环境之间的联系。它的形状像一朵莲花,漂浮在海滨长廊上,四周被水环绕。它的屋顶可收集雨水,雨水顺着管道向下35米到达博物馆中心的瀑布。然后,水通过建筑的管道系统循环使用。当置身于这样一座真实地捕捉到自然形态之美的城市建筑中时,参观者常常叹为观止。

The Eastgate Centre. Harare

哈拉雷东门大厦

Harare's Eastgate Centre is a superb example of biomimicry; To use

biomimicry is to create structures based on natural forms and processes.

Zimbabwean architect Mick Pearce was inspired to create the Centre

while watching a nature documentary in which termites were

constructing their nests. The insects built mounds covered in little holes

designed to allow air to move freely in and out of the mounds. In a

similar way, the Eastgate Centre has a" skin" covered in holes. During the

day, warm air is drawn into the building through the holes, cooling as

it reaches the middle of the building. At night, the heat absorbed by the

wall during the day warms the cool air, creating a comfortable

temperature inside. The design reduces the need for traditional air

conditioning and heating systems, so the building uses less energy and

costs less to run.

哈拉雷东门大厦是极好的仿生学范例,利用仿生技术,在自然形态和过程的基础上创造建筑结构。津巴布韦建筑师米克・皮尔斯在一部大自然纪录片中看到白蚁筑造蚁穴,从中得到启发,从而设计了东门大厦。这种昆虫搭建表面覆有小洞的蚁丘,以保证蚁丘内外部的空气流通。东门大厦也用了相似的方法,大厦的“皮肤”上设计了很多洞。白天,暖空气通过洞口引入建筑内部,在流向建筑中部的过程中冷却下来。夜间,墙壁吸收的热量使冷空气变暖,创造着适宜的内部温度条件。该设计减少了对传统空调和供暖系统的需求，因此建筑运行能耗和成本都较低。

The Algae House, Hamburg

汉堡藻屋

The world's first algae-powered building is in Hamburg,Germany. The

surface of the apartment building is covered in panels that contain algae.

The algae are fed with liquid nutrients and carbon dioxide to encourage

them to grow. In bright sunshine, they grow faster and provide shade.

The panels also capture heat from the sun and convert it into energy that

powers the building. And that’s not all-the algae inside the panels can be

harvested and used to produce fuel. The building therefore not only

responds to its environment and uses less energy, but also reduces

damage to the environment by generating its own renewable energy.

世界上第一座藻类能源建筑位于德国汉堡。公寓楼表面的面板上覆盖着藻类。藻类以液体营养素和工氧化碳为养料,促进自身生长。阳光明媚的时候,它们长得更快,可以遍阴。这些面板还可以吸收太阳的热量,并转化为电能,给建筑物供电。除此之外,面板内的藻类可以收集起来,做燃料用。因此,该建筑不仅能够适应环境,减少能耗,而且自身可以产生可再生能源,减少对环境的危害。

Creating buildings such as these enables us to live in closer harmony

with our environment. To meet the needs of today while protecting the world of tomorrow may be a challenge, but even the simplest organisms

can help teach us how to achieve this.

创造这样的建筑物能够使我们与我们的环境更和谐地相处。保护明天的世界,同时满足当下的需求,这可能是一项挑战,但即使是最简单的生物也能帮忙,教我们如何实现目标。

Back to Nature

回归大自然

Tao Yuanming and Henry David Thoreau were both poets, but one lived

in Ancient China and the other in 19th century America. Superficially,

these two men, whose lives were separated in time by nearly 1, 500