非谓语动词的各种形式
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不定式有六种形式:
不定式
主动被动
—舟殳式to do to be done
进行式to be doing
完成式to have done to have been done
完成进行式to have been ClOing
不定式一般式的主动和被动,在句中除了谓语动词,能做其他一切成分。主动表示不定式与逻辑主语间是逻辑主动关系;被动表示不定式与逻辑主语间是逻辑被动关系。
1. 一般被动式:不定式的语态是由逻辑主语与不定式的关系决定的,被动关系
就要用被动式。在句中作与主动式一样的成分。作定语时与所修饰的名词有逻辑主谓和逻辑解释这两种关系,主要是逻辑主谓关系
He I i kes to be f I attered (宾)他喜欢被人奉承。
YOU are I UCky to be gu i ded by PrOfeSSOr Wh i te (状)你们由怀特教授教授作指导,真幸运。
She asked to be Sent to WOrk i n T i be (t 宾)她要求去西藏工作He OrdereCl the WOrk to be Started at OnCe 宾补)他下令马上开始工作。
It mi ght not be a bad i dea for th i S WOrCl to be de I eted (主)
删去这个字,倒是一个不错的主意。
The books are not a I I OWeCl to be taken OIlt Of the room (主补)这些书不许带到室外。
PI eaSe te I I me the SUbjeCtS to be Cl i SCUSSeCl at the n ext SeSSiOn定)请告诉我下次会议要讨论的题目。
He SeemS to be taken to Amer i C (a表语)他好像要被带去美国。
He had no ChanCe to be Sent aboar (Cl 定)他没机会被派往海外。
2. 进行式:表示动作正在发生,与所在句子的谓语动词所表示的动作同时发
生。
在句中可以做主、宾、表、补、状(原状),不能作定语
11 i S n i Ce to be Sitting here With you (做主语)在这里陪你坐着是非常愉快的。
He Pretendecl to be S I eep i ng SOUncl I (y 做宾语)他假装睡得很甜。
He SeemS to be recover i n (g做表语)看来他正在复原。
I Clidri, expect her to be Cry i ng b i tter I y (做宾补)我没想到她竟会哭得如此伤心。
He SUPPOSeCl She WaS glad to be havi ng her hoi iday now (做原因状语)他猜想她现在很高兴在度假。
He i S be I i eved to be COmi ng (做主补)据说他正要来。
She i S Said to be Writing a nove (I做主补)据说她正在写一部小说。
注:1.不定式的进行式做补语时,必须是该动词后面只跟不定式做补语,不能跟分词做补语,这时如果表示与谓语动词同时发生就用不定式的进行式。
I SaW him SIeePi ng 不能说I SaW him be SIeePing 因为See 后面可以跟分词作补语。
2.不定式的进行式作状语时,只能做原因状语,此时,可以和现在分词互换。
3. 完成式(主动与被动):表示动作发生在所在句子的谓语动词之前。在句中
可以做主、表、宾、状(原状)、补,不能做定语
II iS nice to have Sat here With yoll (主语)跟你坐在一起是非常愉快的。
He i ntended to have to I Cl you ear I i er (宾语)他曾试图早一些告诉
fog the f I ight WaS CanCeI Ied 飞机预定在六点起飞,但是因为 有雾,航班取消了。
4. 完成进行式:表示在所在句子的谓语动词之前一直在进行的事 在句中作主、表、宾、状(原状)、补
It is Uni mag in abIe to have bee n IiVi ng here for years (主)三 年来一直在这里住着,太不可思议了。
They SUSPeCteel US to have bee n quar re I I i ng (宾补) 我们 一直在吵架。
He I OOkecl too young to have been PUb I i Sh i ng for f i Ve (状语)他看起来太年轻了,不像是五年中一直在发表著作。
He aPPeared to have been Waiting a IOng tim (e 表语) 等了很长时间了。
They are Saicl to have been COl IeC ting fo I k SOngS i n UYnnan
(主补)据说他们一直在云南收集民歌。
I ,
m SOrry to have been trollb I i ng yoU a I I the time (状语)很抱 歉总不断给你添麻烦。
He PretendeCl to have been SI eeP i n (g 宾语)他假装一直在睡觉。 注:WiSh to have been doi n 嗔希望曾一直做某事
WiSh to have done 真希望曾做某事了
She WiShecl to have been WOrk i ng i n the mov i e StUd i o with her friendS (宾)她真希望过去一直能和她的朋友们一起在电影制片厂工 作。 I know h i m to have been StUdy i ng how to PI ay the P i ano (宾补) 我知道他一直在学弹钢琴。
three 他们疑心 years 他看来已经