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Unit 1无名英雄：职业父亲意味着什么？在我们的孪生女儿出生后的第一次“约会”时，我和丈夫一起去看了一部名为《玩具故事》的电影。
我们很喜欢这部片子，但随后我丈夫问道：“父亲在哪儿呢？”起初我还认为因为一个小小的失误而批评一部很吸引人的家庭影片似乎是太偏狭了。
可后来越想越觉得这一疏忽太严重了。
父亲不仅没有出现，他甚至没有被提到——尽管家中有婴儿，说明他不可能离开太长时间。
影片给人的感觉是，父亲出现与否似乎是个极次要的细节，甚至不需要做任何解释。
新闻媒体倾向于把父亲的边缘化，这只是一个例子，它反映了在美国发生的巨大的社会变化。
大卫?布兰肯霍恩在《无父之国》一书中将这种倾向称之为“无需父亲”观念。
职业母亲（我想这应是与无职业母亲相对而言的）奋斗的故事从媒体上无尽无休地轰击着我们。
与此同时，媒体上绝大多数有关父亲的故事又集中表现暴力的丈夫或没出息的父亲。
看起来似乎父亲惟一值得人们提及的时候是因为他们做家务太少而受到指责的时候（我怀疑这一说法的可靠性，因为“家务”的定义中很少包括打扫屋顶的雨水沟、给汽车换机油或其它一些典型地由男人们做的事），或者是在他们去世的时候。
当布兰肯霍恩先生就“顾家的好男人”一词的词义对父亲们进行调查时，许多父亲都回答这一词语只有在葬礼上听到。
这种“无需父亲”综合症的一个例外是家庭全职父亲所受到的媒体的赞扬。
我并非暗指这些家庭全职父亲作出的承诺不值得人们的支持，我只是想指出在实际生效的双重标准：家庭全职父亲受到人们的赞扬，而家庭全职母亲和养家活口的父亲，所得到文化上的认同却很少，甚至完全得不到。
我们用来讨论父亲角色（即没出息的父亲）的话语本身就显示出人们对大多数男人默默无闻而自豪地履行对家庭承担的责任缺乏赏识。
我们几乎从来没听到“职业父亲”这一说法，在人们呼吁应该考虑给予工作者在工作地点上更大的灵活性时，很少有人认为这种呼吁不但适用于女子，同样也适应于男子。
我们这个社会表现出似乎家庭职责对父亲来说并不象对母亲那么重要——似乎事业上的满足就是男人生活的全部。
KeysUnit 2Part I Pre-readingSection B Listening Practice1. course2. caused3. traces4. written5. diversity6. creatures7. habitats8. persistPart II Active Reading: HistoryTask One1. C2. D3. D4. C5. DPart III Language FocusTask One1. inscribe2. unadorned3. transform4. superiority5. proclaims6. renowned7. surrender8. fuse9. Conquesting10. shrewdTask Two1. Just like a sculptor can carve a statue from an unadorned stone, we can transform our mysterious future into anything that we can imagine.2. These books are a narrative of the development of individual reason and conscience during the Enlightenment.3. More importantly, it gives the players a chance to show off their skills to distinguish the genuine antiquities from the fake ones.4. You can create something exciting when you combine traditions of the past with the innovations of the future in a right way.5. The entry of Qing Army into Shanhaiguan Pass proclaimed that the reign of Ming Dynasty approached its end.6. A renowned scholar asserted that these techniques should be applied to the realm of financial supervision.Part IV Chinese & Foreign Culture IntroductionTask OneShen Nong and Huang Di were the representatives of the Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors.Shen Nong, also called Yan Di, lived in the Jiang River valley and his surname was Jiang. He is credited with the invention of farming and medication. He invented the wooden plow and taught people the art of agriculture. By experimenting with various plants, he discovered medicinal herbs and taught people how to treat diseases. Huang Di, also called Xuan Yuan or You Xiong, lived in the Ji River valley, and his surname was Ji. He is resourceful in invention as well as in war and is credited with the invention of many things, like carts and boats, clothes, houses, writing, and silkworm breeding and silk weaving.Wars urged the mixture and the assimilation of different tribes and eventually formed a tribal alliance of Huang Di and Yan Di. Huang Di became the chief.Tradition has it that Chinese civilization originates from the era of Huang Di and Yan Di, for they are the ancestors of Chinese people, that is why the Chinese call themselves the descendants of Yan and Huang.Task Two15世纪后期，在西班牙女王的支持下,意大利航海家克里斯多弗·哥伦布于1492年率领船队穿越浩瀚的大西洋，抵达了西印度群岛的一些小岛。
Unit 11. The Labor Party’s electoral strategy, which was based on a tactical alliance with other minor parties, has proved successful.劳动党的选择策略已经证明是成功地，这个策略主张和其他的小党派组成一个策略联盟。
2. The government troops recaptured the city from the rebels at the cost of two thousand casualties政府部队以二万人的伤亡为代价，从版乱者手中重新占领了这所城市。
3. By a stroke of good luck, Genelle, who had been buried in the rubble for more than 26 hours, came our alive. 。
非常侥幸地是，Genelle在瓦砾里埋了26个小时，竟然活着。
4. My brother wasn’t badly hurt, but he injured his leg and had to limp around for a few weeks.我的兄弟伤得不重，但他伤了腿，不得不跛行好几周。
5. The aircraft was subjected to a test of temperatures of minus65 degrees and plus 120 degrees.飞行物要能承受零下65度和120多度温度的考验。
6. Tax incentives combined with cheap labor will attract companies to the western regions of our country away from the east coast.有廉价劳动力的税收刺激将吸引更多的公司到我国远离东海岸的西部地区。
Unit 2 Text APage 37Pair Work1. How important was the automobile industry in the twentieth century?The automobile industry ranked as among the most lucrative and powerful industries of the twentieth century.2. What will happen to cars and roads in the twenty-first century?Cars and roads will be revolutionized in the twenty-first century.3. Why does the author say the key to tomorrow's "smart cars" will be sensors?Because it is sensors that will enable vehicles and roads to be able to see, hear, feel, smell, talk, and act.4. How would sensors help reduce traffic fatalities?Sensors can sense if a driver is drunk and refuse to start up the engine.5. What is the function of the radars hidden in the bumpers?The radars hidden in the bumpers can scan for nearby cars. If you make a serious driving mistake the computer will sound an immediate warning.6. How will a smart car alert a driver who feels drowsy?If the driver's eyelids close for a certain length of time and his or her driving becomes erratic, a computer in the dashboard could alert the driver.7. What makes it possible for smart cars to determine their approximate location?GPS makes it possible for smart cars to determine their location on the earth to within about a hundred feet.8. What are the prospects for applications of GPS?With the price of microchips dropping so drastically, future applications of GPS are virtually limitless.9. What is "telematics" expected to achieve in increasing the efficiency and safety of highwaytransportation?It is expected to put smart cars on smart highways.10. What are traffic engineers doing on Interstate 15 close to San Diego?They are installing an MIT-designed system which will introduce the "automated driver". 11. What hopes do promoters of the smart highway have for its future?They have great hopes for its future. By 2010, telematics may well be incorporated into one of the major highways in the United States. By 2020, telematics could be adopted in thousands of highways in the United States.12. What are the advantages of smart highways?Smart highways could be an environmental boon, saving fuel, reducing traffic jams, decreasing air pollution, and serving as an alternative to highway expansion.Page 38Working on Your Own1.Part One Paras. 1-3 New technology will have a dramatic impact on cars andhighways in the 21st century.Part Two Paras. 4-9 With the aid of advanced technology, smart cars will be sodesigned that they can help eliminate traffic accidents,determine their own precise locations and warn of traffic jams.Part Three Paras. 10-13 GPS and "telematics" will make it possible to build smarthighways, which will benefit us in a number of ways.2.1) Smart cars can see, hear, feel, smell, talk, and act;2) They can eliminate most of car accidents;3) They can alert the police and provide precise location of your car if stolen;4) They can monitor one's driving and the driving conditions nearby;5) They can alert the driver who feels drowsy;6) They can locate your car precisely and warn of traffic jams.Page 38Language Sense Enhancement1.(1) cure (2) impact (3) orbiting satellites (4) warn of (5) location (6) At any given time (7) vibrate (8) detected (9) calculate (10) convertedPage 41V ocabulary1.1) expansion 2) automated 3) vapor 4) take control of5) hazards 6) satellite 7) vibrated 8) magnetic9) bunched 10) in the air 11) got/was stuck in 12) approximatelyPage 422.1) send out 2) stand up for 3) pass for 4) were closing in on5) starting up 6) went through 7) fill out 8) fall intoPage 433.1) The new car design incorporates all the latest safety features.2) To suspend our hammock, we need to find two trees ten feet apart.3) Jason faces up to 10 years in prison for offering bribery money to the US navy officialresponsible for awarding lucrative contracts to his construction firm.4) Manufactures usually begin by building the prototype of a new model before they set up afactory to make the cars.5) Medical evidence shows that smoking and lung cancer are correlated in all racial groups.Page 434.1) the application / remote / has turned into a reality / are poised to2) that vibrate / can detect / frequency3) lanes / are mounted in / alert a / hazardPage 44II Word Formationkilo-kilogram Medicare-medical care memo-memorandum email-electronic mail gym-gymnasium comsat-communications satellite lib-liberation newscast-news broadcast doc-doctor skyjack-sky hijack vet-veterinarian Eurodollar-European dollar prep-preparatory brunch-breakfast and lunch auto-automobile telecast-television broadcast flu-influenza Oxbridge-Oxford and CambridgePage 45III Usage1) swimming pool 2) drawing board 3) enriched Middle English 4) disturbing change 5) fully developed prototype 6) Canned foods 7) working population 8) puzzling differencesPage 46I. Cloze(1) computerized (2) start up (3) be poised to (4) alert(5) hazards (6) monotonous (7) take control of (8) steer9(9) lane (10) decrease (11) calculate (12) eliminate(13) getting stuck in (14) mounted (15) detect (16) vaporPage 472.(1) generates (2) related (3) revolutionized (4) enabled (5) opportunities(6) overall (7) manufacturing (8) dependent (9) interact (10) fatalitiesPage 47II Translation1) There was an unusual quietness in the air, except for the sound of artillery in the distance.2) The expansion of urban areas in some African countries has been causing a significant fall in living standards and an increase in social problems.3) The research shows that atmospheric carbon dioxide levels are closely correlated with globaltemperatures.4) The frequency of the bus service has been improved from 15 to 12 minute recently.5) The diver stood on the edge of the diving board, poised to jump at the signal from the coach.Page 482.Automobiles have, since their invention, revolutionized transportation, changing forever the way people live, travel, and do business. On the other hand, they have brought hazards, especially highway fatalities. However, today the application of computer technology and electronic sensors in designing and manufacturing cars makes it possible to eliminate most of traffic accidents. For example, electronic sensors mounted in your car can detect alcohol vapor in the air and refuse to start up the engine. They can also monitor road conditions by receiving radio signals sent out from orbiting satellites and greatly reduce your chances of getting stuck in traffic jams.。
Unit1If you had had a spark(火花) of consideration for your family ,you wouldn't have taken so many stupid risks.如果你有为你的家人多一点考虑，你就不会有那么多愚蠢的风险。
Due to the lack of labor force, even women in this village were compelled(被迫) to work in the coal mines.由于缺乏劳动力这个村的妇女甚至被迫在煤矿工作。
We went through lovely countryside with great mountains, some of them beautiful and green and wooded, while others bare(赤裸) and wild.我们沿途经过风景秀丽的乡村，那里山峦起伏，有一些被森林覆盖，郁郁葱葱，风景宜人；另一些则是荒山秃岭，草木不生。
The cleaner took off his coat and began to scrape(擦去) the ashes from the furnace with his bare hands.清洁工脱掉外套，开始用他的赤裸的双手擦去炉上的灰烬。
People in that area are already threatened with environmental destruction(破坏) since 60% of the forest there has been destroyed. 人们已经感受到环境破坏方面的威胁，因为有60％的森林已被破坏。
6. The auto company has seen a huge increase in the output(产量) of private can this year due to the improved working efficiency.汽车公司已经看到了今年由于提高了工作效率，私人产量大幅增加。
unit2新标准大学英语综合教程4答案(含Unit-text)unit2新标准大学英语综合教程4答案(含Unit-text)作文Suggested answerMo Yan's recent novel Life and Death Are Wearing Me Out is a bizarre fantasy of a rich landlord and his family set against 50 years of social change in rural China. This fascinating novel is translated into English in 2008.The landlord Ximen Nao is executed early in the Chinese Revolution. In hell, he refuses to admit his wrongdoing, and Yama, the King of Hell, allows him to return reincarnated in the successive forms of five animals—a donkey, an ox, a pig, a dog and a monkey—so that he can find out his guilt. The animals, each connected to Ximen's family, see the changes in rural China over 1950–2000, but cannot help the family. One strength is how Mo Yan creates exaggerated and absurd scenes which are vivid and humorous, and gives a tragic insight into past situations: When pigs get ill and die villagers try many methods to get rid of the bodies and finally putthem in the river. When the donkey dies in the great famine, it is instantly turned into pieces of meat; in more recent times, the monkey has a short life while people ride in luxury cars and wear Rolex watches. This scene shows typical humour: "The loudspeakers blared so loud a farmer's wife had a miscarriage, a pig ran headlong into a wall and knocked itself out, a whole roost of laying hens took to the air, and local dogs barked themselves hoarse."The main characters are hard-working, stubborn, human and independent; other characters are shown through satire. Ximen's final reincarnation is as a big-headed boy with an unusual memory and a gift for language—possibly an ironic reference to the writer who has appeared in a mocking manner in several scenes in the novel.Unit text1. C an we the formalities and get right down tobusiness?Your answer Correct answerneglect forego2. T he actress spoke in such a heavy northernthat I could barely understand her.Your answer Correct answerdialect dialect3. T here's nothing left to do now but theresults.Your answer Correct answerawait await4. I love going on vacation, but I always in asea of work when I return.Your answer Correct answercited drown5. A fter three huge successes, George becameone of the most people in Hollywood.Your answer Correct answerinfluential influential6. T here have been far too manydisappearances in this town for my taste.Your answer Correct answermysterious mysterious7. I t drives me crazy that Steve can sit aroundand be when there's so much work to do!Your answer Correct answerdrowned idle8. H is shifty eyes and smarmy personality dolittle to a trustworthy character.Your answer Correct answerfoster foster9. S he brings her lunch to work, but today shedecided to eat out.Your answer Correct answernormally normally10. The of alcohol as an illegal drug will onlymake the problem worse.Your answer Correct answerobstacle classification 11. "Don't your little brother! Take him withyou."Your answer Correct answerexclude exclude12. It's difficult for someone of his to go out inpublic unrecognized.Your answer Correct answerobstacle stature13. My interview with a panel of professors isthe only left before I earn my degree.Your answer Correct answerforegoing obstacle14. After years of, the old house on the cornerwas finally torn down.Your answer Correct answeridlling neglect15. If you want to write a book about traveling inEurope, it's to have actually been therebefore.Your answer Correct answeradvantageous advantageous 16. I'm going to invest my money in Microsoft,and I strongly suggest you do.Your answer Correct answerlikewise likewise17. It is critical to your sources when you makean argument.Your answer Correct answerclassify cite18. This month's bestselling novel has a(n) thatis rarely seen in literature.Your answer Correct answerstature originality19. It's difficult to with people if you don't speakthe same language.Your answer Correct answerinteract interact20. It's common for politicians to use almostanything as against their opponents.Your answer Correct answerammunition ammunitionSection B: Fill in each of the blanks with a suitable word.21. The toughest thing about moving away waswhen I had to part my book collection.Your answer Correct answerwith with22. The spring season, it were, doesn't reallyexist here since we go straight from winter into summer.Your answer Correct answeras as23. Please leave me alone; I'm simply lookingsome peace and quiet.Your answer Correct answerfor for24. After looking at his old pictures, Jameslonged go back to China.Your answer Correct answerto to25. Just tell me the truth and don't toy myemotions!Your answer Correct answerwith with26. Mona decided to seek her biological parentsafter she found out she was adopted.Your answer Correct answerout out27. the most part, I think the kids enjoyed ourvacation this year.Your answer Correct answerFrom For28. She picks up some extra money by being atour guide the side.Your answer Correct answerby on29. I think the reason we're such good friends isbecause we have so much common.Your answer Correct answerin in30. If you learn to look this class as anopportunity, you might not be so miserable.Your answer Correct answerat uponYour answer Correct answer(31) enlightenment recommendation(32) adventurer adventurer(33) stereotypical stereotypical(34) gratuitous gratuitous(35) tackle confront(36) indubitably enlightenment(37) undoing sacrifice(38) suicide undoing(39) desperately desperately(40) confront tacklebdbca。
Unit 2•评估母乳喂养的锐减程度•assess the extent of decline in breast-feeding•不良改变的诱发因素•the major factors responsible for the negative change•就住房和一般生活成本而言•in terms of housing and general cost of living•被奶瓶文化所取代•give way to the “bottle culture”•补充其他食物be supplemented with other foods•对延长母乳喂养产生不利影响•Militate against prolonged breast-feeding•宏观经济与社会文化因素的复杂交织•complex interactions between broad economic and socio-cultural factors•把负面的变化归因于从发达国家舶来的态度和影响•attribute the negative change to attitudes and influences imported from the developed world•不符合母亲的营养意识•fall short of the mother’s nutritional awareness•等同于极端的个人及社会贫困•be synonymous with extreme individual and community povertyTask 1 (Page 32)1. D2. C3. E4. A5. B6. L7. K8. O9. J10. N11. F12. M13. M14. HTask 2 (Page 33)1) The report attempts to evaluate current maternal perceptions of infant-feeding amongdifferent ethnic, religious, cultural, and socio-economic groups in Nigeria. The research questions include: What is the current situation of the decline in breast-feeding in Nigeria?What are the major factors responsible for the negative change? How to institute corrective educational measures? (B)2) The metropolitan Lagos is heterogeneous in its ethnic and socio-economic composition. (B)3) Most of the earlier reports attributed the negative change to attitudes and influencesimported from the developed world and the preference for bottle-feeding by the urbanized African. (L)4) For most Nigerians, urban existence means extreme individual and community poverty.Implicit in this is a great pressure on mothers to spend more time trying to augment the family income at the expense of caring adequately for their children. (M)5) Childhood malnutrition is more a result of objective conditions of people’s lives thanignorance on the mother’s part. (N)Task 3 (Page 42)1. h2. j3. m4. n5. q6. v7. u8. a9. t10. b 11. s12. l 13. c14. d15. r16. p17. e18. o19. k20. i21. g22. f23. wTask 41) The government accorded him the rank of Colonel.授予，给予present with, grant, confer, give, render2) She did not understand the dimension of her plight.方面scope, extent3) Today his company continues to thrive.兴旺，繁荣flourish, bloom, prosper, grow rich4) The discrepancy between press and radio reports is obvious.差异difference, disparity, divergence, disagreement, dissimilarity, incongruity, contradiction, inconsistency, incongruousness, discordance5) None of these buildings are noteworthy for their architecture.值得关注的，重要的，显著的great, magnitudinous, important, notable, signif icant, exceptional, towering, extraordinary, outstanding, remarkable6) We will institute some legal proceedings against the company.开始实行，着手，提起（诉讼）initiate, introduce, originate, launch, start, begin7) She keeps extolling his managerial skills.赞美acclaim, praise, pay tribute to, glorify, applaud, compliment8) They attribute their success to external causes such as luck.归因于ascribe, assign, credit9) The heterogeneous society of today should be taken into account.各种各样的varied, mixed, diversified, assorted, diverse10) The great virtue of camping is its cheapness.优点plus, strength, advantage, asset, benefit, merit11) Going grey is not necessarily synonymous with growing old.等同于equivalent to, identical to, equal to, the same as, identified with, tantamount to, similar to12) She felt an overwhelming desire to have another child.难以抑制的，强烈的overpowering, strong, compelling, uncontrollable, compulsive, irresistible, forceful, powerfulThe most formal ones are: disparity, ascribe, augment, incongruity, acclaim, initiate, burgeon, compelling, confer, pay tribute to, incongruous, tantamount to, discordance, compulsive, identi- fied with, assorted, meritTask 5 (Page 44)1) At least 29% of the families had incomes below N 2oo every month, which was much lowerthan the minimum required living in a city ranked among the most expensive in the world when it comes to housing and general cost of living.2) As could be clearly seen from the present study, th ere was a wide gap between women’sactual infant-feeding practice and their opinions on what the practice should be like. In most of the cases the mothers’ nutritional awareness is better than their actual practice, and this is contradictory to the widely held beliefs that those illiterate and urbanized women suffer from inappropriate counseling.3) M ost of the earlier reports believe that people’s attitudes chang e negatively because of theinfluences from the developed world and the preference of bottle-feeding to breast-feeding by the urbanized African. Clearly such explanations are too simple and only suit a small number of people for they neglect the harsh realities of urban existence, which makes it diff icult for the mothers to prolong breast-feeding.Task 6 (Page 44)Main idea: Research shows that childhood malnutrition is more a result of objective conditions of people’s lives than ignorance on the mother’s part.Task 7 (Page 45)The major objective of the research paper is to assess the extent of decline in breast-feeding as well as the factors responsible for the negative change, and measures to tackle the problem. The study sample comprised 558 randomly selected women residents in Surulere, Nigeria. An interview was conducted by a standard questionnaire to obtain information. Research shows that the decline in breast-feeding in Nigeria is mainly due to the harsh realities of urban existence, which means extreme individual and community poverty. The current trend will not be reversed if the major structural defect of urban life in the developing world is not eliminated or controlled. Much can be done to educate the mothers on the use of hygienically acceptable supplementary foods from relatively inexpensive but nutritious locally available staple foods.Task 10 (Page 45)Breastfeeding Faces Challenges in ChinaUrbanization is closely linked to modernization, industrialization, and the sociological process of rationalization. Urbanization can describe a specif ic condition at a set time, i.e. the proportion of total population or area in cities or towns, or the term can describe the increase of this proportion over time. So the term urbanization can represent the level of urban development relative to overall population, or it can represent the rate at which the urban proportion is increasing.Upon hearing her baby wail, Zhang Shuyi finds herself at her wit’s end. Although she waspreviously confident that she would be able to breastfeed her child properly, she worries that she might not be able to give her baby enough milk.After giving birth to her son two years ago, 35-year-old Zhang, a doctor at the Capital Institute of Pediatrics in Beijing has continued to practice exclusive breastfeeding in strict accordance with international standards.Task 12 (Page 54)1) Para K Its topic sentence: Complex interactions between broad economic and socio-cultural factors inf luence infant-feeding practices in the developing countries.2) Para O Its topic sentence: Perhaps more lasting benefits will be achieved by emphasizing the education of mothers on how to prepare and use hygienically acceptable supplementary foods from relatively inexpensive but nutritious locally available staple foods.Academic Survival SkillsTask 1 (Page 58)Question 2S trong author version: Anyanwu (1985) claimed that “for most Nigerians, urban existence is synonymous with extreme individual and community poverty” for the great economic pressure on the mothers leave them little time to care adequately for their children. W eak author version: For most Nigerians, the great economic pressure on the mothers leave them little time to care adequately for their children, thus “urban existence is synonymous with extreme individual and community poverty”(Anyanwu, 1985).Question 3 Strong author version: Anyanwu (1985) claimed that it would be better if emphasis could be put on the education of mothers “on how to prepare and use hygienically acceptable supplementary foods from relatively inexpensive but nutritious locally availab le staple foods.” Weak author version: It will be better if emphasis can be put on the education of mothers “on how to prepare and use hygienically acceptable supplementary foods from relatively inexpensive but nutritious locally available staple foods” (A nyanwu, 1985).Task 2 (Page 59)1) Direct quotation. 2) The original source is quoted with a brief explanation in the beginning of the sentence. 3) The original source is quoted with the author’s comment inserted in the middle of the sentence.Task 3 (Page 59)A summary is much shorter than the original source for it only contains the main idea, omitting the details, while a paraphrase is usually the same length as the original source, making changes in vocabulary and structures about some diff icult words and expressions.Task 4 (Page 60)2) Chinese big cities suffer from congestion due to the steadily increasing number of vehicles.3) Some complex sentences may be meaningless.4) Learners are active for they attempt to learn from their experiences.5) Some educators believe that the choice of major makes the biggest difference for students entering college, while others think differently.6) Social networking services (SNS) has changed the way people socialize.7) Hirshi and Gottfreds on advance the theory of “self-control”to explain people’s propensity to commit or refrain from crimes.Task 6 (Page 64)Paragraph 2 Summary:Gordon and Taylor argue that the difficulties experienced by people with writing will become easier if they learn to deal with their reactions to it appropriately. Paragraph 3 Summary:Frick argues that education has been signif icantly changed by technology at some major turning points in history. The f irst example was the primitive modes of communication in prehistoric times.Paragraph 4 Summary: Hewitt believes that acts of academic dishonesty undermine the validity of the measure of learning.Paragraph 5 Summary: Edelso argues that besides natural resources, there are more important factors determining the wealth of people—the fundamental political and legal institutions of a nation.。
Unit TwoMan and TechnologyEnhance Your Language AwarenessWords in Action▆ Working with Words and Expressions1.In the box below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. Complete thefollowing sentences with them. Change the form where necessary.▆ Answers:1)productivity2)phenomenon3)isolation4)gradual5)opponent6)advent7)genetic8)universal9)extreme10)nasty11)boom12)formal13)survey14)Similarly15)modify16)rough2. In the box below are some of the expressions you have learned in this unit. Do youunderstand their meanings Do you know how to use them in the proper context Now check for yourself by doing the blank-filling exercise. Change the form where necessary.▆ Answers:1)at the same time2)are stuck with3)for certain4)make no difference5)on average6)when it comes to7)are better off8)built into9)come to mind10) close to11)in favor of▆ Increasing Your Word Power1.You will read six pairs of words which are similar in meaning but are different inusage. Reflect on the differences in usage between the words in each group and fill in each blank with a proper one. Change the form if necessary.▆ Answers:1)exterior2)external3)delightful4)pleasant5)separate6)isolate7)company8)companion9)acquire10)learn11)ripe12)mature2. Fill in each blank with one of the words listed below in the appropriate form,paying special attention to the meaning and spelling.▆ Answers:1)accept2)oppression3)loss4)excerpts5)depression6)loose7)except8)expectations9)lose10)suppress3.Words that come from the same root may be said to belong to the same family. Gettingacquainted with each member of the family is a sure way to increase your word power.Now complete the following table with words of the same family. You may consult a dictionary if necessary.▆ Answers:1)technology2)eternity3)miracle4)relevance5)analysis6)luxurious7)leisurely / leisured8)subjective9)prosperous10)innovativeGRAMMAR IN CONTEXTTask 1: Complete the following sentences with appropriate connectives listed in the following table.▆ Answers:1)Whatever2)Although / Though3)whereas4)However5)though / although6)Granted / Granting that7)as8)WhileTask 2: Translate the following sentences into English.▆ Answers for reference:1)Though it was raining hard, yet they went on playing football.2)You will have to attend the commencement whether you are free or busy.3)She leaves her bedroom windows open, however cold it is.4)We will make a trip even if / though the weather is bad.5)No matter who / Whoever you are, you must abide by the law.6)Difficult as the job was, they decided to accept it.7)No matter what I say or how I say it, he always thinks I’m wrong.8)She seems to have a ready answer, whenever / no matter when I ask her a question. ClozeComplete the following passage with words chosen from this unit. The initial letter of each is given.▆ Answers:1)emphasize2)opposite3)improved4)luxuries5)benefited6)obviously7)consciously8)fractures9)eternal10)groundbreaking11)entitled12)correlation13)depends14)exclusivelyTranslation1.Translate the following sentences into English, using the words and expressions givenin brackets.▆ Answers for reference:1)He really knows a lot about theory, but when it comes to actual work, he seems to bequite ignorant.2)The latest survey shows /showed that the majority of the citizens support / supportedthe government’s plan to build a new library.3)The two countries could reach agreement successfully on scientific and technologicalcooperation because several factors favorable to their cooperation had been at work.4)I saw the film when I was in the primary school, but the title just won’t come to mindfor the moment.5)He has been stuck with heavy debt though he works about twelve hours every day onaverage.6)Is it necessary to know his height To me, it is not relevant to whether he can be agood lawyer or not.7)The cupboard is built into the wall so that it both saves space and is convenient touse.8)These workers earn more than we do, but the other side of the coin is that their job ismore dangerous.9)Helen majors in economics at the university and at the same time she studies philosophyas her second major.10)What is most important is that you must find out and solve the problems by yourselves.It makes no difference whether I go there or not.2.Translate the following passage into English.▆ Answers for reference:Nowadays, many people are enjoying the benefits brought about by material and technological advances unimaginable in previous eras. With the development of science and technology, people’s standard of living is getting higher and higher.People’s life expectancy has soared, too.However, oddly enough, many people do not feel happier than they used to be. It can be seen that there is no close correlation between people’s income and their happiness. Happiness cannot, after all, be bought with money.Although the majority of people are not very satisfied with their lives, they are happy to be alive, and the more time they live on earth, the better off they feel they’ll be. What is important is that material wealth is far from enough. People need spiritual happiness, too.Theme-Related WritingWrite an essay of no less than 150 words about a technological invention. Your writing should cover the following points:1) a brief description of the invention2) the positive impact of the invention on people’s life3) the negative impact of the invention on people’s life4) your opinion▇Sample essay:The Impact of the Mobile Phone on People’s LivesAmong the many technological inventions, the mobile phone impresses me most.The mobile phone brings considerable convenience to our lives. It not only enables us to keep in touch with each other almost anytime and anywhere but also helps us solve problems or do business efficiently. In emergencies, a mobile phone can even be a life-saver. Besides, its multi-functions add ease and color to our lives. With a mobile phone, we can receive mail, read news, listen to music, play games, and take pictures.Yet, the mobile phone has its disadvantages, too. Most of us have experienced the nuisance of unwanted or wrong calls. We are inconvenienced by calls on occasions when we least expect one. Besides, the technology infrastructure to support mobile communication has consumed valuable natural resources and caused significant environmental problems. It is reported that electromagnetic radiation waves from the phone may result in health problems.Despite its negative side, the advantages of the mobile phone outweigh its disadvantages. I believe that with advances in science and technology, improved and safer models of mobile phones will surely serve us still better. (184 words)。
填空单词Unit1:1.The police blundered（失误）badly by arresting the wrong man.（警察逮捕了一个错误的人，导致警察失误。
）2.The house was severely destroyed, so the couple spent thousandsof dollars renovating（装修）it.（房子被严重摧毁，所以这对夫妇花了数千美元来装修它。
）3.The pilot was forced to ditch（抛弃）the jet plane in the Gulf becausepilot of the hijacking.（由于劫持飞行员，飞行员被迫抛弃了海湾地区的喷气式飞机。
）4.Unlike the Satellite, it has no internal（内置的）battery, though itwill accept external batteries made for the iPad.（与Satellite不同，它没有内置电池，但它可以接受为iPad制造的外置电池。
）5.The basis for training relies on the dog’s natural instinct（本能）tohunt.（训练的基础依赖于狗的狩猎天性本能）6.The plaster（石膏）was beginning to fall from the walls.（石膏开始从墙上掉下来。
）7.During each war ,the monopoly capitalists amassed fabulous（丰富的）wealth.（在每场战争中，垄断资本家积累了丰富的财富。
）8.At college, he studied English and did amateur（业余的）boxing.（在大学期间，他学习英语并做了业余拳击）Unit2:1.I’m sorry to bother（打扰）you, but can you direct me to the railwaystation?（我很抱歉打扰你，但你能指引我去火车站吗？）2.His father grew increasingly nervous at his son’s disregard（无视）for danger.（他儿子无视危险，父亲越来越紧张。
Key to book4 unit1-6Unit 1Active reading (2)8 Look at the sentences from the passage and identify the style features.1 Twelve years at school and three years at university, teachers banging on about opportunities in the big wide world beyond our sheltered life as students, and what do I find?This shows the informality of an incomplete sentence in the first part, the use of an informal expression (banging on) and a rhetorical question to the reader (What do I find?)2 Try as I might to stay cheerful, all I ever get is hassle, sometimes with people (especially boys, god, when will they grow up?) …This has the use of an informal word (hassle), an informal exclamation (god) and a question to the reader (When will they grow up?)3 Actually, I had my eye on the course at the London School of Economics (LSE).Here there is a discourse marker typical of speech (Actually) and an informal phrase (had my eye on).4 I kind of understand it, and not just because my degree is in economics.Here “kind of” is a sort of discourse marker of informal speech (showing something is general, vague or not definite).5 I wanted something in finance and investments, because you know, maybe with a job like that, I could use my degree.This has a discourse marker of informal speech (you know).6 ... it’s true, he really did seem to have three hands.Again here is a discourse marker of informal speech (it’s true).7 I talked to him about ... well, about pretty well everything …This has another discourse marker of informal speech (well) and an informal phrase (pretty well).Language in usetry as … might3 Rewrite the sentences using try as … might .1 I’m trying to fill this last page, but I just can’t think of anything.Try as I might to fill this last page, I just can’t think of anything.2 I try to be friendly with Marta, but she doesn’t seem to respond.Try as I might to be friendly with Marta, she doesn’t seem to respond.3 I try hard to get to sleep, but I can’t help thinking about my family.Try as I might to get to sleep, I can’t help thinking about my family.4 He just doesn’t seem to get the promotion he deserves, even though he keeps trying.Try as he might, he just doesn’t seem to get the promotion he deserves. / Try as he might to get the promotion he deserves, he just d oesn’t seem to get it.5 I keep trying to remember her name, but my mind is a blank.Try as I might to remember her name, my mind is a blank.given that …4 Rewrite the sentences using given that …1 Since I know several languages, I thought I would look for work abroad.Given that I know several languages, I thought I would look for work abroad.2 Xiao Li has the best qualifications, so she should get the job.Given that Xiao Li has the best qualifications, she should get the job.3 Since we’re all here, I think it would be a good idea to get down to some work.Given that we’re all here, I think it would be a good idea to get down to some work.4 Since it’s rather late, I think we should leave this last task until tomorrow.Given that it’s rather late, I t hink we should leave this last task until tomorrow.clauses introduced by than5 Rewrite the sentences using clauses introduced by than .1 She’s experienced at giving advice. I’m more experienced.She’s less experienced at giving advice than I am. / I’m more experienced at giving advice than she is.2 You eat too much chocolate. It isn’t good for you.You eat too much chocolate than is good for you.3 She worked very hard. Most part-timers don’t work so hard.She worked harder than most part-timers do.4 You have arrived late too many times. That isn’t acceptable.You have arrived late more times than is acceptable.5 I don’t think you should have given so much personal information. It isn’t wise.I think you have given more personal information than is wise.collocations6 Read the explanations of the words. Answer the questions.1 highlight A highlight is the most exciting, impressive, or interesting part of an event.(a) What would you like to be the highlight of your career?I would like the highlight of my student career to be to receive a national award for the best student research project.(b) How can you highlight an important sentence in a text?You can underline it in pencil or pen or you can use coloured pens or highlighters.(c) What are the edited highlights of a football match?The highlights are when someone scores a goal or prevents one from being scored.2 loan A loan is an amount of money someone borrows from someone else.(a) Have you ever taken out a loan?No, I haven’t. But my parents have taken out several loans to buy kitchen equipment.(b) What is the best way to pay off a loan?It is best to pay a loan off quickly, although you will still have to pay some interest.(c) If you have a library book on loan, what do you have to do with it?You have to return it before the date it is due, otherwise you may have to pay a fine.3 thrive To thrive means to be very successful, happy or healthy.(a) What sort of business thrives best in your part of the country?In my part of the country, light industries and electronics companies thrive.(b) Which sort of plants thrive in a hot climate?In a hot climate you can see tropical fruit and vegetables thrive and also tropical plants and trees.(c) Why do you think some couples thrive on conflict?It is difficult to understand why some couples thrive on conflict. Maybe each one wants to compete with the other or maybe they enjoy “kissing and making up” after the conflict.7 Translate the paragraphs into Chinese.If you ask me, real life is not all it’s cracked up to be. Twelve years at school and three years at university, teachers banging on about opportunities in the big wide world beyond our sheltered life as students, and what do I find?Try as I might to stay cheerful, all I ever get is hassle, sometimes with people (especially boys, god, when will they grow up?), but mostly with money. It’s just so expensive out here! Everyone wants a slice off you. The Inland Revenue wants to deduct income tax, the bank manager wants repayments on my student loan, the landlord wants the rent, gas, water, electricity and my mobile bills keep coming in, and all that’s before I’ve had anything to eat. And then some bright spark calls me out of the blue, asking if I’m interested in buying a pension. At this rate, I won’t even last till the end of the year, let alone till I’m 60.（☞翻译时可以根据上下文增译，即增加原文暗含了但没有直接表达出来的意思。
Unit TwoMan and TechnologyEnhance Your Language AwarenessWords in Action▆ Working with Words and Expressions1.In the box below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. Complete thefollowing sentences with them. Change the form where necessary.▆ Answers:1)productivity2)phenomenon3)isolation4)gradual5)opponent6)advent7)genetic8)universal9)extreme10)nasty11)boom12)formal13)survey14)Similarly15)modify16)rough2. In the box below are some of the expressions you have learned in this unit. Do youunderstand their meanings? Do you know how to use them in the proper context? Now check for yourself by doing the blank-filling exercise. Change the form where necessary.▆ Answers:1)at the same time2)are stuck with3)for certain4)make no difference5)on average6)when it comes to7)are better off8)built into9)come to mind10) close to11)in favor of▆ Increasing Your Word Power1.You will read six pairs of words which are similar in meaning but are different inusage. Reflect on the differences in usage between the words in each group and fill in each blank with a proper one. Change the form if necessary.▆ Answers:1)exterior2)external3)delightful4)pleasant5)separate6)isolate7)company8)companion9)acquire10)learn11)ripe12)mature2. Fill in each blank with one of the words listed below in the appropriate form,paying special attention to the meaning and spelling.▆ Answers:1)accept2)oppression3)loss4)excerpts5)depression6)loose7)except8)expectations9)lose10)suppress3.Words that come from the same root may be said to belong to the same family. Gettingacquainted with each member of the family is a sure way to increase your word power.Now complete the following table with words of the same family. You may consult a dictionary if necessary.▆ Answers:1)technology2)eternity3)miracle4)relevance5)analysis6)luxurious7)leisurely / leisured8)subjective9)prosperous10)innovativeGRAMMAR IN CONTEXTTask 1: Complete the following sentences with appropriate connectives listed in the following table.▆ Answers:1)Whatever2)Although / Though3)whereas4)However5)though / although6)Granted / Granting that7)as8)WhileTask 2: Translate the following sentences into English.▆ Answers for reference:1)Though it was raining hard, yet they went on playing football.2)You will have to attend the commencement whether you are free or busy.3)She leaves her bedroom windows open, however cold it is.4)We will make a trip even if / though the weather is bad.5)No matter who / Whoever you are, you must abide by the law.6)Difficult as the job was, they decided to accept it.7)No matter what I say or how I say it, he always thinks I’m wrong.8)She seems to have a ready answer, whenever / no matter when I ask her a question. ClozeComplete the following passage with words chosen from this unit. The initial letter of each is given.▆ Answers:1)emphasize2)opposite3)improved4)luxuries5)benefited6)obviously7)consciously8)fractures9)eternal10)groundbreaking11)entitled12)correlation13)depends14)exclusivelyTranslation1.Translate the following sentences into English, using the words and expressions givenin brackets.▆ Answers for reference:1)He really knows a lot about theory, but when it comes to actual work, he seems to bequite ignorant.2)The latest survey shows /showed that the majority of the citizens support / supportedthe government’s plan to build a new library.3)The two countries could reach agreement successfully on scientific and technologicalcooperation because several factors favorable to their cooperation had been at work.4)I saw the film when I was in the primary school, but the title just won’t come to mindfor the moment.5)He has been stuck with heavy debt though he works about twelve hours every day onaverage.6)Is it necessary to know his height? To me, it is not relevant to whether he can be agood lawyer or not.7)The cupboard is built into the wall so that it both saves space and is convenient touse.8)These workers earn more than we do, but the other side of the coin is that their job ismore dangerous.9)Helen majors in economics at the university and at the same time she studies philosophyas her second major.10)What is most important is that you must find out and solve the problems by yourselves.It makes no difference whether I go there or not.2.Translate the following passage into English.▆ Answers for reference:Nowadays, many people are enjoying the benefits brought about by material and technological advances unimaginable in previous eras. With the development of science and technology, people’s standard of living is getting higher and higher.People’s life expectancy has soared, too.However, oddly enough, many people do not feel happier than they used to be. It can be seen that there is no close correlation between people’s income and their happiness. Happiness cannot, after all, be bought with money.Although the majority of people are not very satisfied with their lives, they are happy to be alive, and the more time they live on earth, the better off they feel they’ll be. What is important is that material wealth is far from enough. People need spiritual happiness, too.Theme-Related WritingWrite an essay of no less than 150 words about a technological invention. Your writing should cover the following points:1) a brief description of the invention2) the positive impact of the invention on people’s life3) the negative impact of the invention on people’s life4) your opinion▇Sample essay:The Impact of the Mobile Phone on People’s LivesAmong the many technological inventions, the mobile phone impresses me most.The mobile phone brings considerable convenience to our lives. It not only enables us to keep in touch with each other almost anytime and anywhere but also helps us solve problems or do business efficiently. In emergencies, a mobile phone can even be a life-saver. Besides, its multi-functions add ease and color to our lives. With a mobile phone, we can receive mail, read news, listen to music, play games, and take pictures.Yet, the mobile phone has its disadvantages, too. Most of us have experienced the nuisance of unwanted or wrong calls. We are inconvenienced by calls on occasions when we least expect one. Besides, the technology infrastructure to support mobile communication has consumed valuable natural resources and caused significant environmental problems. It is reported that electromagnetic radiation waves from the phone may result in health problems.Despite its negative side, the advantages of the mobile phone outweigh its disadvantages. I believe that with advances in science and technology, improved and safer models of mobile phones will surely serve us still better. (184 words)。
