当前位置：文档之家 › 分词作表语、定语、状语

分词作表语、定语、状语

  • 格式：doc
  • 大小：1.29 MB
  • 文档页数：31

分词作表语、定语、状语一、现在分词和过去分词的区别more beautiful.二、分词的用法1分词作表语1）跟在系动词之后分词作表语，一般跟在be, get, become, look, sound, feel, keep,remain, grow, seem, appear 等系动词后面。

现在分词作表语：一般表主动或主语的性质和特征。

含有“令人⋯⋯”的意思。

主语多数情况下是物。

过去分词作表语：一般表被动或主语所处的状态。

含有“感到⋯⋯”的意思。

主语多数情况下是人。

而作表语用的分词，许多是由能够表示人们某种感情或情绪的动词变化而来的。

常见的原以下：现在分词：moving, interesting, encouraging, exciting,inspiring, boring,surprising, puzzling, amusing, astonishing,missing, promissing过去分词：interested, moved, discouraged, amused, astonished, frighten, excited, inspired, pleased, satisfied, tired, worried, completed, delighted, hurt, married, crowded。

The news sounds encouraging.这个消息听起来令人鼓舞。

How did the audience receive the new play?观众对这个新剧反映如何？They got very excited.他们非常激动。

How did Bob do in the exams this time?这次鲍伯考得怎么样？Well, his father seems pleased with his results.不错，他父亲似乎对于他的成绩感到高兴。

2）作表语的过去分词与被动语态中的过去分词的区别。

这两种不同语法功能的句子在形式上是一样的，都是由“系动词be+过去分词”构成的，有时容易混淆。

区别如下：a．被动语态表示主语的动作。

而作表语的分词表示主语所外的状态。

The blackboard was broken (has been broken) by LiMing.（被动语态，表示动作）这块黑板是李明打碎的。

The blackboard is broken.（系表结构，表示主语the blackboard 所处的状态broken）这块黑板碎了。

b．从时态上来区分系表结构：只用于一般现在时、一般过去时、现在完成时和过去完成时。

被动语态：除了不能用于完成进行时和将来进行时外，可用于其它时态。

（详见第2 章被动语态）c．从时态的一致性来区分被动语态的时态要与相应的主动语态一致。

系表结构不需要一致。

The blackboard, was broken by Li Ming.（被动语态）Li Ming broke the blackboard.（主动语态）The blackboard is broken.（系表结构）（表示状态则可用现在时，表示目前的状态，不必考虑其时态要与相应的主动语态一致。

我们可理解为这块黑板以前（或已经）被李明打碎，现在它是碎的。

不是所有动词的过去分词都可以作表语，表示主语所处的状态的，只有那些形容词特征显著的过去分词才能作表语。

常见的有：amused 觉得有趣injured 受伤的covered 盖着的known 有名的dressed 穿着lost 失去的broken 破的goneburnt 燃烧delightedshut 关着的excited 兴奋的painted pleasedcrowded 拥挤的satisfied 满足的wounded 受伤的married 已结婚drunk worried 担心billed surprised 惊讶finished 完成的interested 有趣的请记住这一句话！Keep your eyes open, keep your mouth closed.多观察（用眼），少说话（用嘴）。

注意：有相应的形容词能说明状态时，则有用分词，而用形容词。

The window is open. The door is locked.(0)窗户是开着的，门是锁着的。

The window is opened. The door is locked(×)（open 可兼作动词与形容词，都当开、开着的讲，所以只能用它的形容词，而不能用它的分词。

而锁着的lock 不能作形容词，所以只能用它的过去分词）d．be+不及物动词的过去分词，一般是系表结构，而不是被动语态。

常用来作表语的不及物动词有：gone 过去了、消失了come 来了；fallen 落下的known 著名的；arrived 到了educated 受过教育；risen 升起来了learned 有学问的；returned 回来了excited 兴奋；retired 退休了astonished 感到吃惊；mistaken 误解、弄错interested 有兴趣；My watch is gone.我的手表没有了。

It’s not my fault.You are mistaken.这不是我的过错，你误会了。

3）作表语的现在分词和进行时态的现在分词的区别作表语的现在分词表示主语的特征和性质。

进行时态中的分词表示主语正在进行的动作。

比较The situation in our country is encouraging.（系表结构）我国的形势鼓舞人心。

The situation in our country is encouraging the people.（现在进行时）我国的形势正鼓舞着人民。

另外，在分词作表语的结构中，可以用其它系动词来代替be，但在进行结构中，则不可以。

因为进行的句型必须是be+doing。

The news is surprising.这个消息很惊人。

=The news sounds surprising.这个消息听起来挺惊人的。

4）分词、动名词和不定式作表语时的区别分词作表语：主要是表示主语的特点和所处的状态。

主语和表语的位置不可以互换。

动名词和不定式作表语：主要是表示主语的具体内容。

主语和表语的位置常常可以互换。

比较:The film is disappointing.这部电影真令人失望。

（现在分词作表语，表示主语the film 的性质、特点，不能和主语互换。

）We are disappointed with the film.我们对这个电影感到失望。

（过去分词作表语，表示主语we 所处的状态，表语不能和主语互换。

）My job is teaching English.我的工作是教英语。

=Teaching English is my job.教英语是我的工作（动名词作表语，表示主语的内容“我的工作是什么”，表语和主语位置可以互换。

）Our aim is to enter the Universities.我们的目标是考上大学=To enter the Universities is our aim.考上大学是我们的目标。

（不定式作表语，表示主语的内容：“我们的目标是什么？”，表语和主语位置可以互换。

）surprised girls 惊人的姑娘们b．如果分词修饰由some/any/no+thing/body/one 所形成的不定代词或指示代词those 时，分词在这些被修饰的词的后面。

Anyone swimming will be punished.正在游泳的任何人都将受到惩罚。

c．分词短语作定语时，在被修饰的名词之后。

I have a radio made in China.我有一台中国生产的收音机。

The girl dressed in white is Mary.穿白衣服的小姑娘是玛丽。

2．分词短语作定语时与谓语动词的时间关系分词短语作定语时，要注意分词所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作之间的时间关系。

分词作定语时，现在分词有进行意味和主动意味，过去分词有完成意味和被动意味。

因此，一般来讲，用现在分词时，要符合以下两个条件之一：a．分词所表示的动作与谓语所表示的动作同时发生。

The road joining the two villages is very wide.=The road that joins the two villages is very wide.连接这两个村子的路非常宽。

They lived in a room facing the north thirty years ago.=They lived in a room which faced the north thirty years ago.三十年前，他们住在朝北的房间里。

b．分词所表示的是现在正发生的动作。

The man running over there is our chairman.=The man who is running over there is our chairman.正在朝那边跑的那个人是主席。

I know the young man sleeping on the bench.=I know the young man who is sleeping no the bench.我认识正在长凳上睡觉的那位年轻人。

如果分词需要表示动作是主动的，而又在谓语动作之前发生，则要用定语从句表示，在谓语动作之后发生则要用不定式或从句表示。

The man who came yesterday comes again.The man coming yesterday comes again.(×)昨天来过的那个人又来了。

（在谓语动词comes 之前发生）The students to attend the meeting (who will attend themeeting )will arrive heretomorrow.要参加会议的学生们明天到达这里。

（动作在谓语动词will arrive 之后发生）3．何时用现在分词的被动语态形式a．如果一个及物动词作定语，既要表达进行意味，又要表达被动意味时，用此形式。

The question being discussed is very important.=The question that is being discussed is very important.正在（被）讨论问题十分重要。

The skyscraper being built is still higher than that built theyear before last.=The skyscraper that is being built is still higher thanthat(one) that was built the year before last. 正在建造的那幢摩天大楼比前年造的那幢还要高。

合集下载

【英语知识点】过去分词的五种用法

【英语知识点】过去分词的五种用法

【英语知识点】过去分词的五种用法过去分词是分词的一种，规则动词的过去分词一般是由动词加ed构成。

用法有：1、过去分词作表语；2、过去分词作定语；3、过去分词作状语；4、过去分词作宾语补足语；5、with+宾语+过去分词结构。

过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别：过去分词作表语,主要是表示主语的状态,而被动语态则表示动作。

(1)The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday.茶杯是昨天我小妹打碎的.(是被动语态,表示动作)(2)The library is now closed.图书馆关门了。

(过去分词作表语)过去分词表示被动或完成,-ing形式表示主动或进行.有些动词如interest,bore,worry,surprise, frighten 等通常用其过去分词形式来修饰人,用-ing形式来修饰物.(3)The book is interesting and I'm interested in it.这本书很有趣,我对它很感兴趣。

作定语用的过去分词相当于形容词,其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词.及物动词的过去分词作定语,既表被动又表完成;不及物动词的过去分词作定语,只表完成。

1.过去分词用作定语,如果是单个的,常置于其所修饰的名词之前.We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions.我们必须使我们的思想适应改变了的情况.2.过去分词短语用作定语时,一般置于其所修饰的名词之后,其意义相当于一个定语从句,但较从句简洁,多用于书面语中.The concert given by their friends was a success.他们朋友举行的音乐会大为成功.3.过去分词短语有时也可用作非限制性定语,前后常有逗号。

The meeting, attended by over five thousand people, weled the great hero.他们举行了欢迎英雄的大会,到会的有五千多人.4.用来修饰人的过去分词有时可以转移到修饰非人的事物,这种过去分词在形式上虽不直接修饰人,但它所修饰的事物仍与人直接有关.The boy looked up with a pleased expression.男孩带着满意的表情举目而视。

(完整版)现在分词的七种用法

(完整版)现在分词的七种用法

现在分词的七种用法（一）作定语1. 动词现在分词单独作定语,通常放在所修饰词前.例如：The sleeping boy is Tom。

2. 现在分词短语作定语放在所修饰词的后面,意思同定语从句差不多。

例如：Tell the children playing outside not to make too much noise。

= Tell the children who are playing outside not to make too much noise。

3。

现在分词可相当于非限制性定语,常用逗号分开.例如:Tom， wearing beautiful clothes， followed me down the hill。

= Tom, who is wearing beautiful clothes，followed me down the hill.4. 有时现在分词可以和副词或名词构成复合词作定语。

例如:This is an English-speaking country.（二）作表语现在分词作表语多表示主语的特征.如amusing, discouraging， puzzling， refreshing， astonishing，exciting 等。

例如：The story is moving。

(三)现在分词在句中作宾语补足语，这时现在分词和前面的宾语有逻辑上的“主表”关系或“主谓"关系。

例如:We all found his equipment interesting. （主表关系)I saw Mary going upstairs then。

（主谓关系)（四）作状语现在分词作状语，其逻辑主语一般是句中的主语，如果不是，需在V—ing 形式前加名词或代词主格作逻辑主语。

1. 作原因状语，相当于原因状语从句.例如：Being ill，Mary didn’t come to school yesterday。

过去分词作表语,定语,宾语补足语及状语

过去分词作表语,定语,宾语补足语及状语

过去分词作表语，定语，宾语补足语及状语一．过去分词作表语1.表语：系动词后面的部分；e.g. He is a good student.That sounds good.2.过去分词作表语(1)用法：一般用来表示感受或状态（系动词+ 过去分词）e.g. No wonder he is excited!(2)可以用作表语的常见的过去分词有：delighted, disappointed,upset, astonished, excited, frightened, experienced, interested, qualified, puzzled, exhausted, satisfied3.用所给词的适当形式填空：(1) But he became ________(inspire)when he thought about helping ordinary people.(2) He got__________ (interest)in two theories explaining how cholera killed people.(3) Neither its cause, nor its cure was __________(understand).(4) He got ______________(blame) about losing the money.(5) The painter looked so _____(tire) after working for a whole day.(6) I was ___________ (disappoint)with the film I saw last night. I had expected it to be better.(7) Everybody was _________(shock)to hear of the death of thefamous film star.(8) Everybody is really _______(excite) about the new Olympic stadiums.(9) His wound became _______ (infect)with a new virus.(10) They were ________(prepare) to accept my idea.(11) I’ll be _________(interest) to know how they mad the wonderful fireworks.(12) The mayor said that he was _______ (worry)about the _________(continue) rise of the water level in the river bed.(13) Most of the newspaper seems to be _________ (concern)with pop stars.(14) He was _________ (frighten)of going alone into the empty house.二．过分去分词作定语1 过去分词的形式: done2过去分词的用法：一般表示完成的、被动的动作。

分词及练习（含答案）

分词及练习（含答案）

第⼋章分词⼀.概念:分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种,是⼀种⾮谓语动词形式⼆.相关知识点精讲:1.现在分词的⽤法：1) 做表语：He was very amusing.That book was rather boring.很多动词的现在分词都可以作表语：exciting, interesting, encouraging, disappointing, confusing, touching, puzzling.2) 作定语：上⾯所出现的现在分词都可以⽤作定语, 修饰⼀个名词：That must have been a terrifying experience.I found him a charming person.现在分词短语还可以放在名词的后⾯修饰名词, 相当于⼀个定语从句：There are a few boys swimming in the river.There is a car waiting outside.3) 作状语：现在分词短语可以表⽰⼀个同时发⽣的次要的或伴随的动作：Following Tom, we started to climb the mountain.Opening the drawer, he took out a box.Taking a key out of his pocket, he opened the door.现在分词短语还可以表⽰原因, 相当于⼀个原因状语从句：Not knowing her address, we couldn’t get in touch with her.Being unemployed, he hasn’t got much money.现在分词短语还可以表⽰时间, 相当于⼀个时间状语从句：Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy.Returning home, he began to do his homework.Jim hurt his arm while playing tennis.Be careful when crossing the road.Having found a hotel, we looked for somewhere to have dinner.Having finished her work, she went home.4)作宾补：现在分词在⼀些动词之后可以做宾语的补语：例如, see, hear, catch, find, keep , have 等.I see him passing my house every day.I caught him stealing things in that shop.I smelt something burning.She kept him working all day.2.过去分词的⽤法：1) 作表语：We were so bored that we couldn’t help yawning.She felt confused, and even frightened.They were very pleased with the girl.I’m satisfied with your answer.He is not interested in research.2) 作定语：She has a pleased look on her face.The teacher gave us a satisfied smile.cooked food a written reportfried eggs boiled waterfrozen food armed forcesrequired courses fallen leavesfinished products a forced smilethe risen sun new arrived visitorsWhat’s the language spoken in that country?They’re problem left over by history.The play put on by the teachers was a big success.Is there anybody injured?Do you know the number of books ordered?3)作状语：Seen from the hill, the city looks magnificent.Given good health, I hope to finish the work this year. They came in, followed by some children. Depressed, he went to see his elder sister.When treated with kindness, he was very amiable.4)作宾补：过去分词也同样可以作宾语的补语，接在某些动词后⾯I will have the clothes washed tomorrow.When they get back home, they found the room robbed.三.巩固练习1. __________ with the best students, I still have a long way to go.A. Having comparedB. To compareC. ComparedD. Compare（） 2. The music of the film _________ by him sounds so ___________ .A. playing, excitingB. played, excitedC. playing, excitedD. played, exciting（） 3. __________ against the coming hurricane, they dared not leave home.A. WarnedB. Having warnedC. To warnD. Warn（） 4. In __________ countries, you can’t always make yourself _______ by speaking English.A. English-speaking, understandB. English-spoken, understandC. English-speaking, understoodD. English-speaking, understood（）5. After _____________ the old man, the doctor suggested that he ___________ a bad cold.A. examining, should catchB. examined, had caughtC. examining, had caughtD. examined, catch（） 6. _____________ , Tom jumped into the river and had a good time in it.A. Be a good swimmerB. Being a good swimmerC. Having been good swimmerD. To be a good swimmer（） 7. ________ how to read the new words, I often look them up in the dictionary.A. Having not knownB. Not to knowC. Don’t knowD. Not knowing（） 8. As his parent, you shouldn’t have your child ___________ such a book.A. readB. to readC. readingD. be reading（） 9. He returned from abroad ______________ that his mother had been badly ill.A. heardB. having been heardC. having phonedD. having been phoned四.答案:1. C2. D3. A4. C5. C6. B7. D8. C9. D。