2011年全国职称英语理工类(B级)真题及答案解析

职称英语理工类B级阅读理解真题及答案(第三篇)第4部分：阅读理解（第31——45题，每题3分，共45分）下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。

请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个选项。

第三篇Can You Hear This?When something creates a sound wave in a room or anauditorium, listeners hear the sound wave directly from the source. They alsohear the reflections as the sound bounces off thewalls. floor, and ceiling. These are called the reflected wave or reverberant(反射)sound, which can be heard evenafter the sound is no longer coming from the source.The reverberation time of an auditorium isdetermined by the volume or interior size of the auditorium. It is alsodetermined by how well or how poorly the walls, ceiling, floor, and contents ofthe room (including the people) absorb sound. There is no ideal reverberation time,because each use of an auditorium calls for different reverberation. Speechneeds to be understood clearly; therefore rooms used for talking must have ashort reverberation time. The full-sound performance of music such ad Wagneroperas or Mahler symphonies should have a long reverberation time. The light,rapid musical passages of Bach or Mozart need a reverberation time somewherebetween.Acoustic problems often are caused by poorauditorium design. Smooth, curved reflecting surfaces create large reflections.Parallel (平行的）wallsreflect sound back and forth, creating a rapid, repetitive pulsing rge pillars (柱）and comerscan cause acoustic shadows as the sound waves try to pass around the object.Some of theseproblems can be solved by using absorbers and reflectors tochange the reverberation time of a room. For example, hanging large reflectors,called clouds, over the performers will allow some sound frequencies to reflectand others to pass to achieve a pleasing mixture of sound.41 This passage is mainly aboutA. Sound waves and their effects.B. the types of music orchestras play.C. walls of an auditorium.D.the design of an auditorium.答案：D42. Wagner operas and Mahler symphonieswith full-sound effect haveA. a short reverberation time.B. an intermediate reverberation time.C. no reverberation time.D. along reverberation time.答案：D43. This passage suggests that a goodauditorium shouldA. get rid of all reflections.B. not have absorbers.C.achieve a pleasing mixture of soundD. have smooth surfaces.答案：C44. Large pillars and corners mayA. make sound rich and full.B. be cures for sound problems.C.be sources of sound problems.D. function as effectively as clouds.答案：C45. The word” acoustic” in thelast paragraph has something to do withA. performanceB.soundC. audienceD. weather答案：B。

新东方在线职称英语冲刺班讲义职称英语等级考试B级模拟试题第1部分：词汇选项（第1~15题，每题1分，共15分）下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。

答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

1 The nursery is bright and cheerful.A pleasantB cleanC peacefulD large2 This kind of material was seldom used in building houses during the Middle Ages.A neverB rarelyC oftenD only3 People from many places were drawn to the city by its growing economy.A fetchedB carriedC attractedD pushed4 The soldier displayed remarkable courage in the battle.A placedB showedC pointedD decided5 How do you account for your absence from the class last Thursday?A explainB examineC chooseD expand6 Almost all economists agree that nations gain by trading with one another.A workB profitC relyD prove7 The conference explored the possibility of closer trade links.A deniedB investigatedC stressedD created8 The chemical is deadly to rats but safe to cattle.A fatalB hatefulC goodD useful9 During his lifetime he was able to accumulate quite a fortune.A controlB spendC collectD exchange10 It‟s impolite to cut in when two persons are holding a conversation.A leaveB talk loudlyC stand upD interrupt11 The dentist has decided to extract her bad tooth.A pull outB repairC takeD dig12 The child‟s abnormal behavior puzzled the doctor.A funnyB frighteningC repeatedD unusual13 Gunpowder was used extensively in firearms prior to 1990.A inB aroundC fromD before14 Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree to which they can be deliberatelycontrolled and modified.A sufficientlyB noticeablyC intentionallyD absolutely15 Foreign money can be converted into the local currency at this bank.A alteredB changedC boughtD sold第2部分：阅读判断（第16~22题，每题1分，共7分）阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。

XX年职称英语考试理工类(B级)试题及答案xx年度全国职称外语等级考试试卷英语(理工类B级) 第1部分：词汇选项(第1~15题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1.I have been trying to quit smoking.A.give upB.pick upC.build upD.take up2.Relief workers were shocked by what they saw.A.movedB.touchedC.surprisedD.worried3.The weather is a constant subject of conversation in Britain.A.questionB.problemC.titleD.topic4.This is not typical of English,but is a feature of the Chinese language.A.particularB.characteristicC.remarkableD.idiomatic5.It is virtually impossible to persuade him to apply for the job.A.simplyB.almostC.totallyD.pletely6.These are defensive behavior patterns which derive from our fears.A.stemB.relyC.developD.grow7.Only a small minority of the mentally ill are liable to harm themselves or others.A.easyB.possibleC.likelyD.difficult8.They have the capability to destroy the enemy in afew days.A.possibilityB.necessityC.abilityD.probability9.We have never seen such gorgeous hills.A.beautifulB.stretchingC.spreadingD.rolling10.The leaves have been swept into huge heaps.A.loadsyersC.pyramidsD.piles11.The news will horrify everyone.A.attractB.terrifyC.temptD.excite12.The article sketched the major events of the decade.A.describedB.offeredC.outlinedD.presented13.I won’t tolerate that kind of behavior.A.bearB.receiveC.admitD.take14.Their style of playing football is utterly different.A.barelyB.scarcelyC.hardlyD.totally15.Her sister urged her to apply for the job.A.advisedB.causedC.forcedD.promised。

[导读]2011年职称英语理⼯类B级模拟试题2011年职称英语考试即将开始，为了⼤家都能通过考试，⽆忧编辑特地为⼴⼤考友们整理了2011年职称英语理⼯类B级模拟试题，供⼤家参考。

2011年职称英语理⼯类B级模拟试题：第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)下⾯共有15个句⼦，每个句⼦中均有1个词或短语有底横线，请从每个句⼦后⾯所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。

答案⼀律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

1 We consume a lot more than we are able to produce A waste B buy C use D sell 2 As a writer, he turned out three novels that year. A refused B read C produced D accepted 3 Winston Churchill gave a moving speech A nervous C stirring B foolish D fast 4 We tried to restrict our conversation to arguments relevant to the topic. A put B suit C confine D resort 5 It doesn't stand to mason that he would lie. A seem logical B look pleasant C appear obvious D sound important 6 The company recommended that a new gas station be built here. A ordered B insisted C suggested D demanded 7 A plastic wheel can be as tough as a metal one. A useful B tight C weak D strong 8 Of all the planets in this solar system, Mercury is nearest the Sun. A most like B closest to C hotter than D heavier than 9 If wool is put into hot water, it tends to shrink. A disappear B expand C break D contract 10 The train came to an abrupt stop, making us wonder where we were. A an uncertain B a slow C an unexpected D a smooth 11 Almost all economists agree that nations gain by trading with one another. A work B profit C rely D prove 12 The conference explored the possibility of closer trade links. A denied B investigated C stressed D created 13 The chemical is deadly to rats but safe to cattle. A fatal B hateful C good D useful 14 During his lifetime he was able to accumulate quite a fortune. A control B spend C collect D exchange 15 It's impolite to cut in when two persons are holding a conversation A leave B talk loudly C standup D interrupt2011年职称英语理⼯类B级模拟试题：　第2部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题1分，共7分)　阅读下⾯这篇短⽂，短⽂后列出了7个句⼦，请根据短⽂的内容对每个句⼦做出判断。

2011年全国职称英语等级考试（理工类A级）真题及详解第1部分：词汇选项(第1~15题，每题l分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1.The sea turtle’s natural habitat has been considerably reduced.A.suddenlyB.generallyC.slightlyD.greatly【答案】D【解析】句意：海龟的自然栖息地大大减少了。

considerably相当地；非常地。

greatly 大大地；非常。

二者意思相近，可相互替换。

suddenly突然地。

generally一般地。

slightly 轻微地。

因此，本题的正确答案为D。

2.Anderson left the table,remarking that he had some work to do.A.doubtingB.thinkingC.sayingD.knowing【答案】C【解析】句意：安德森离开了桌子，说他有些工作要去做。

remark说，谈到。

与say同义。

二者可相互替换。

doubt怀疑。

think想；认为。

know知道。

因此，本题的正确答案为C。

3.I got a note from Moira urging me to get in touch.A.instructingB.pushing.C.notifyingD.inviting【答案】B【解析】句意：我从莫伊拉那里得到一张便条，催促我尽快联系她。

urge催促。

push 催促。

二者意思相近，可相互替换。

instruct指导。

notify通知。

invite邀请。

因此，本题的正确答案为B。

4.He asserted that nuclear power was a safe and non-polluting energy source.A.maintainedB.recommendedC.consideredD.acknowledged【答案】A【解析】句意：他声称核能是一种安全而又无污染的能源。

第1部分：词汇选项（第1～15题，每题1分，共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1.I can't put up with my neighbor's noise any longer，it'S driving me mad.A.tolerateB.generateC.reduceD.mensure2.Regular visits from a social worker can be of immense value to old people living alone.A.equalB.immediateC.moderateD.great3.He was rather vague about the reasons why he never finished school.A.brightB.unclearC.generalD.bad4.I want to provide my boys with a decent education.A.specialB.privateC.generalD.good5.Sleep stairs can present a particular hazard to older people.A.pictureB.dangerC.evidenceD.case6.Our arrangements were thrown into complete turmoil.A.doubtB.reliefC.failureD.confusion7.Patricia stared at the other girls with resentment.A.loveB.surpriseC.angerD.doubt8.Your dog needs at least 20 minutes of vigorous exercise every day.A.energeticB.freeC.physicalD.regular9.I enjoyed the play-it had a clever plot and very funny dialogues.A.boringB.originalC.humorousD.long10.Lower taxes would spur investment and help economic growth.A.attractB.spendC.encourageD.require11.He demolished my argument in minutes.A.supportedB.disprovedC.disputedD.accepted12.The two banks have announced plans to merge next year.A.closeB.sellC.breakbine13.Her father was a quiet man with graceful manners.A.politeualC.badD.similar14.The project required ten years of diligent research.A.hardworkingB.socialC.basicD.scientific15.He was kept in appalling conditions in prison.A.necessaryB.terribleC.criticalD.normal第2部分：阅读判断（第16～22题，每题1分，共7分）下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C.California Gives Green Light to Space Solar PowerEnergy beamed down from space is one step closer to reality，now that California has given the green light to an agreement that would see the Pacific Gas and Electric Company buy 200 megawatt （兆瓦）of power beamed down from solar-power satellites beginning in 2016.But some major chal lenges will have to be overcomed if the technology is to be used widely.A start-up company called Solaren is designing the satellites，which it says will use radio waves to beam energy down to a receiving station on Earth.The attraction of collecting solar power in space is the almost uninterrupted sunshine available in eosynchronous（与地球同步的）orbit.Earth-based solar cells，by contrast，can only collect sun.Light during daytime and when skies are clear.But space-based solar power must grapple（努力克服）with the high cost per kilogram of launching things into space，says Richard Schwartz of Purdue University in West Lafayette，Indiana，"If you're talking about it being economically viable or power of the Earth，it's a tough go."he says.Cal Boerman，Solaren's director of energy services，says the company designed its satellites with a view to keeping launch costs down."We knew we had to come up with a different，revolu-tionary design，"he says.A patent the company has won describes ways to reduce the system'Sweight，including using inflatable minors to focus sunlight on solar cells，so a smaller number cancollect the same amount of energy.But using minors introduces other chaHenges，including keeping the solar cells from overhea-ting，says Schwartz."You have to take care of heat dissipation（散发）because you're now concen-trating a lot of energy in one place，"he says.According to the company's patent，Solaren's solarcells will be connected to radiators to help keep them cool.Though Boerman says the company believes it can make space-based solar power work，it is notexpecting to crowd out other forms of renewable ws in California and other states requireincreasing use of renewable energy in coming years，he points out."To meet those needs，we're go-ing to need all types of renewable energy sources，"he says.16.Solar-power satellites will use radio waves to beam energy down from space.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned17.Solaren is going to design 200 solar-power satellites.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned18.Space-based solar cells could collect solar power only when skies are clear.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned19.One advantage of space-based solar power system is that it is economical.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned20.Inflatable minors are used to reduce the space-based solar power system.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned21.Space-based solar power will rule out other forms of renewable energy sources.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned22.Many countries will grant permission for the use of spaced-based solar power soon.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第23～30题，每题1分，共8分）下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2-5段每段选择1个最佳标题；（2）第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。

2011年全国职称英语等级考试（卫生类B级）真题及详解第1部分：词汇选项（第1～15题，每题l分，共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1.Jane said that she couldn’t tolerate the long hours.A.spendB.takestD.stand【答案】D【解析】句意：简说她无法忍受这么长时间。

tolerate忍受，容忍。

stand忍受。

二者意思相近，可相互替换。

spend花费。

take拿，取。

last持续。

因此，本题的正确答案为D。

2.At that time,we did not fully grasp the significance of what had happened.A.giveB.attachC.understandD.lose【答案】C【解析】句意：当时我们没有完全理解所发生事情的重要性。

grasp抓住；理解。

understand理解，领悟。

二者意思相近，可相互替换。

give给。

attach使依附，贴上。

lose失败；丢失。

因此，本题的正确答案为C。

3.His shoes were shined to perfection.A.clearedB.washedC.mendedD.polished【答案】D【解析】句意：他的鞋擦得很亮。

shine擦亮。

polish擦亮；变光滑。

二者意思相近，可相互替换。

clear清除；使干净。

wash洗。

mend修补。

因此，本题的正确答案为D。

4.Marsha confessed that she knew nothing of computer.A.reportedB.hopedC.answeredD.admitted【答案】D【解析】句意：玛莎承认她对电脑一无所知。

confess承认。

admit承认。

二者意思相近，可相互替换。

report报告。

职称英语考试理工类(B级)试题及答案(8)第6部分：完形填空(第51~65题，每题1分，共15分)阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出4个选项，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

Stinking(发臭的)BusesStinking buses jam(挤满)the crowded street．Drivers (51)at one another and honk(鸣喇叭)their horns．Smog(烟雾)hurts the eyes and chokes(窒息)the senses．The (52)is Athens at rush houn The city is in a sorry state of affairs，built (53)a plan，lacking even adequate sewerage facilities(排水设施)，its 135 square miles packed with 3.7 million people．So great has been the population flow toward the city that neighboring villages smnd (54)or nearly so．About 120，000 people from distant provinces move to Athens every year. The migrants come for the few available (55)which are usually no better than the ones they ran away from．At the current (56) of migration，Athens by the year 2000 will have a population of 6.5 million，more than half the nation.Aside from overcrowding and poor public transport，the biggest (57)facing Athenians are noise and pollution．A government study (58)that Athens was the noisiest city in the world．Smog is almost at killing levels：up to four times the level that the world Health organization．considers safe．Nearly half the pollution comes from cars．(59)high prices for vehicles and fuel，nearly 100，000 automobiles are sold inGreece each year：3,000 drivers'licenses are After decades of neglect，Athens is at (60)in Athens monthly . (61)getting some attention．In March a government meeting was held to discuss a plan to make the city (62)and clean up its environment．A save-Athens ministry will propose heavy taxes to (63) immigration and a minimum of$5 billion in public spending for Athens alone．A master plan that will move many govemment offices to the city's Meanwhile，more Greeks (64)is already in the works (65)moving into Athens．With few parks and few oxygen-producing plants，the city and its citizens are literally suffocating(窒息)．51 A shout B cry C curse D attack52 A camera B scene C scenenr D site53 A with B without C for D on54 A vacant B crowded C lonely D alone55 A works B qualifications C titles D jobs56 A way B method C rate D space57 A matter B aim C problem D objoct58 A concluded B reached C received D conducted59 A Despite B Considering C Thanks for D Prevented by60 A Published B spread C cancelled D issued61 A last B least C end D final D final62 A livable B alive C alike D living63 A discourage B encourage C remove D decline64 A countryside B district C center D suburbs65 A hold B fix C keep D retain【备注说明，非正文，实际使用可删除如下部分。

2011年全国职称英语卫生类（B级）真题及答案解析第一部分：词汇选项（第1-15题，每题1分，共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1 Marsha confessed that she know nothing of computer.A admittedB reportedC hoped Danswered2 We need to extract the relevant financial data.A storeB saveC reviewD obtain3 Mr. Henley has accelerated his sale of shares over the past year.A heldB increasedC expectedD offered4 The police believe the motive for the murder was jealousy.A choiceB ideaC decisionD reason5 The high-speed trains can have major impact on our livesA effortB problemC influenceD concern6 His shoes were shined to perfection.A clearedB washedC mendedD polished7 We explored the possibility of expansion at the conference.A offeredB includedC investigatedD accepted8 The study also notes a steady decline in the number of college students taking science courses.A continuousB relativeC generalD sharp9 Anderson left the table，remarking that he had some work to do.A sayingB doubtingC thinkingD knowing10 We have to act within the existing legal framework.A limitB systemC procedureD status11 She always finds fault with everything.A simplifiesB evaluatesC examinesD criticizes12 The view from my bedroom window was absolutely spectacular.A magnificentB generalC traditionalD strong13 At that time，we did not fully grasp the significance of what had happened.A giveB understandC attachD lose14 They converted the spare bedroom into an office.A reducedB movedC turnedD reformed15 Jane said that she couldn't tolerate the long hours.A spendB takeC lastD stand第2部分：阅读判断（第16-22题，每题1分，共7分）下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C.Relieving the Pain"Exercise may be the best treatment of chronic pain," say doctors at a new clinic for dealing with pain, "People with chronic pain need to stop lying around, go out more, and start exercising." The instinctive reaction to acute pain is to stop moving and to try to protect the source of pain. But it seems that this is often not productive, especially in the case of back pain. Back pain, after headaches and tiredness, has become the third most common reason for people to visit their doctors. Painful backs now account for millions of days off work.Lumbar(腰部的) pains are partly the price humans pay for taking their forelimbs off the ground, but they are made worse by a sedentary(久坐不动的) lifestyle. Lack of exercise slowly decreases the flexibility and strength of muscles, so that it is more difficult to take pressure off the site of pain. Exercise is essential. It releases endorphins(内啡肽), the body's "feel-good" chemicals, which are natural painkillers. In fact, these are so important that researchers are now looking for drugs that can maintain a comfortable level of endorphins in the body.Most people who go to a family doctor complaining of pain are prescribed pain-killing drugs rather than exercise. Since finding the cause of backache is not so easy, doctors frequently do not know the precise cause of the discomfort, and as the pain continues, sufferers end up taking stronger doses or a series of different drugs. "It's crazy," says Dr. Brasseur, a therapist at the International Association for the Study of Pain. "Some of them are taking different drugsprescribed by different doctors. I've just seen a patient who was taking two drugs which turned out to be the same thing under different names."A generation of new pain clinics now operates on the basis that drugs are best avoided. Once patients have undergone the initial physical and psychological check up, their medication is cut down as much as possible. Taking patients off drugs also prepares them for physical activity.In some pain-relief clinics, patients begin the day with muscle contraction and relaxation exercises, followed by an hour on exercise bikes. Later in the day, they practice tai chi (太极), self-defense, and deep thought. This compares with an average of two-and-a-half hours' physiotherapy(理疗) a week in a traditional hospital program. "The idea is to strengthen and to increase long-lasting energy, flexibility, and confidence," explains Bill Wiles, a consultant pain doctor in Liverpool. "Patients undergoing this therapy get back to work and resume healthy active lifestyles much sooner than those subjected to more conservative treatment."16. To treat pain, patients should stop moving around.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned17. Headaches are partly caused by lack of exercise.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned18. Exercise helps to take the pressure off the site of pain.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned19. Doctors often use drugs such as endorphins to treat patients.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned20. Exercise helps pain sufferers to recover more quickly than traditional treatment.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned21. Exercise helps pain sufferers to recover more quickly than traditional treatment.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned22. New pain clinics ask patients to give up drugs completely.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第23～30题，每题1分，共8分）下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2~5段每段选择1个最佳标题；（2）第27~30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。