2019考研英语二真题及答案解析.bak

2019考研英语二真题及答案解析2019考研英语二真题及答案解析近年来，考研英语成为了研究生考试中备受关注的一项科目。

2019年的考研英语二真题也引起了广大考生的关注和讨论。

本文将对2019考研英语二真题及答案进行解析，帮助考生更好地了解考试内容和提高备考效果。

第一部分：阅读理解本次考研英语二阅读理解部分共有三篇文章，分别涉及环境保护、科技创新和文化传承。

文章内容涵盖了当今社会热点话题，考察考生对于问题的理解和分析能力。

第一篇文章讨论了环境保护的重要性以及人类对环境的破坏。

文章通过列举具体的数据和案例，展示了环境问题的严重性。

考生需要在阅读过程中理解作者的观点，并能够准确回答问题。

第二篇文章聚焦于科技创新对于社会发展的影响。

文章阐述了科技创新对于经济、教育和医疗等领域的积极作用。

考生需要在阅读过程中抓住关键词，理解作者的论述思路，并能够从文中找到相应的证据支持。

第三篇文章关注了文化传承的问题。

文章提到了全球化对于传统文化的冲击以及如何保护和传承传统文化。

考生需要在阅读过程中理解作者的观点，并能够分析全球化对于传统文化的利与弊。

第二部分：完形填空完形填空部分要求考生根据上下文的意思，选择最合适的单词或短语填入空白处，使文章通顺连贯。

本次考研英语二完形填空部分涉及了生活方式和人际关系等话题。

文章主要讲述了一个人的生活方式如何影响他与他人的关系。

通过描述主人公的生活习惯和人际交往中的问题，考生需要理解文章的主旨，并能够根据上下文选择正确的选项填入空白处。

第三部分：概括大意与完成句子概括大意与完成句子部分要求考生根据短文的内容，选择最合适的选项来概括文章的主旨或完成句子。

本次考研英语二概括大意与完成句子部分涉及了科技发展和教育问题等话题。

文章主要讨论了科技发展对于教育的影响。

通过描述科技在教育中的应用和带来的变革，考生需要理解文章的主旨，并能够根据文章的内容选择最合适的选项。

总结2019考研英语二真题涵盖了环境保护、科技创新、文化传承、生活方式、人际关系、科技发展和教育问题等多个领域的热点话题。

2019 年研究生入学统一考试英语二试题及答案解析Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Weighing yourself regularly is a wonderful way to stay aware of any significant weight fluctuations. 1 , when done too often, this habit can sometimes hurt more than it 2 .As for me, weighing myself every day caused me to shift my focus from being generally healthy and physically active to focusing 3 on the scale. That was bad to my overall fitness goals. I had gained weight in the form of muscle mass, but thinking only of 4 the number on the scale, I altered my training program. That conflicted with how I needed to train to 5 my goals.I also found weighing myself daily did not provide an accurate 6 of the hard work and progress I was making in the gym. It takes about three weeks to a month to notice significant changes in weight 7 altering your training program. The most 8 changes will be observed in skill level, strength and inches lost.For these 9 , I stopped weighing myself every day and switched to a bimonthly weighing schedule 10 . Since weight loss is not my goal, it is less important for me to 11 my weight each week. Weighing every other week allows me to observe and 12 any significant weight changes. That tells me whether I need to 13 my training program.I also use my bimonthly weigh-in 14 to get information about my nutritionas well. If my training intensity remains the same, but I’m constantly15 and dropping weight, this is a 16 that I need to increase my daily caloric intake.The 17 to stop weighing myself every day has done wonders for myoverall health, fitness and well-being. I am experiencing increased zeal for working out since I no longer carry the burden of a 18 morning weigh-in. I’ve also experienced greater success in achieving my specific fitness goals, 19 I’m training according to those goals, instead of numbers on a scale.Rather than 20 over the scale, turn your focus to how you look, feel, how your clothes fit and your overall energy level.1. A. Therefore B. Otherwise C. However D. Besides2. A. Cares B. warns C. reduces D. helps3. A. Solely B. occasionally C. formally D. initially4. A. Lowering B. explaining C. accepting D. recording5. A. Set B. review C. reach D. modify6. A. Depiction B. distribution C. prediction D. definition7. A. Regardless of B. aside from C. along with D. due to8. A. Rigid B. precise C. immediate D. orderly9. A. judgments B. reasons C. methods D. claims10. A. Though B. again C. indeed D. instead11. A. Track B. overlook C. conceal D. report12. A. Approval of B. hold onto C. account for D. depend on13. A. Share B. adjust C. confirm D. prepare14. Features B. rules C. tests D. results15. A. Anxious B. hungry C. sick D. bored16. A. Secret B. belief C. sign D. principle17. A. Necessity B. decision C. wish D. request18. A. Surprising B. restricting C. consuming D. disappointing19. A. Because B. unless C. until D. if20. A. Dominating B. puzzling C. triumphing D. obsessing1.逻辑关系题：文章第一句说定期称体重是一个很好的方式，空格后谈到hurt 伤害ia，所以前后构成转折相反关系，需要填入一个转折词，选 C however。

2019考研英语(二)真题答案解析(完整版) SectionⅠ Use of English1. [答案] 【D】 However[解析] 此处是逻辑关系考点。

空格前面说到定期称重能够协助我们注重自身体重的明显变化，这是正面描述，但是空格后面说的是负面描述，我们能够从词汇hurt上面感觉到语气的转变，所以，我们这里选择D,However(不过). 所给的答案中[A]Besides(除此之外)，[B] Therefore(所以)， [D]Otherwise(否则)，意思都不符合题意。

2. [答案] 【A】helps[解析] 此处是考查词义复现。

空格所在的句子的意思是说：这种习惯的坏处有时候要比...多，很明显想表达的意思是弊大于利，所以空格处应该写表示利的同义词，这里所给的答案中，A helps(有协助)复合题意，其他[B]cares(关心)，[C] warns(警告),[D] reduces(减少)带入句中都不符合题意。

3. [答案] 【B】solely[解析] 此处是词汇考查。

空格所在的句子的意思是：每天称重会让我转译注意力到体重的数值上，而不是宽泛的身体健康上。

此处和后面的4题的数值也很匹配，所以答案是B solely表示仅仅。

而其他答案[A] initially(最初地)[B]solely(仅仅地)[C]occasionally(偶尔地) [D] formally(正式地)都不合题意。

4. [答案] 【B】lowering[解析] 此处是词义辨析题。

空格所在的句子的意思和上文3空格的意思想对应，我虽然体重增加是因为肌肉的增强，但是我所想的是体重秤上的数字增大了，所以会注重怎样把数字降下来，所以这里应该选择是B (lowering)降低的意思。

其他选项[A]recording(记录) [C]explaining(解释) [D]accepting(接受)都不能表达此意。

5. [答案] 【D】reach[解析] 此处是固定搭配题。

2019年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（二）Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)Weighing yourself regularly is a wonderful way to stay aware of any significant weight fluctuations. 1 ,when done too often,this habit can sometimes hurt more than it 2 .As for me,weighing myself every day caused me to shift my focus from being generally healthy and physically active to focusing 3 on the scale.That was bad to my overall fitness goals.I had gained weight in the form of muscle mass,but thinking only of 4 the number on the scale,I altered my training program.That conflicted with how I needed to train to 5 my goals.I also found that weighing myself daily did not provide an accurate 6 of the hard work and progress I was making in the gym.It takes about three weeks to a month to notice any significant changes in your weight7 altering your training program.The most8 changes will be observed in skill level,strength and inches lost.For these9 ,I stopped weighing myself every day and switched to a bimonthly weighing schedule10 .Since weight loss is not my goal,it is less important for me to 11 my weight each week Weighing every other week allows me to observe and12 any significant weight changes.That tells me whether I need to13 my training program.I use my bimonthly weigh-in14 to get information about my nutrition as well.If my training intensity remains the same,but I'm constantly15 and dropping weight, this is a16 that I need to increase my daily caloric intake.The17 to stop weighing myself every day has done wonders for my overall health,fitness and well-being.I'm experiencing increased zeal for working out since I no longer carry the burden of a18 morning weigh-in.I've also experienced greater success in achieving my specific fitness goals,19 I'm training according to thosegoals,not the numbers on a scale.Rather than20 over the scale,turn your focus to how you look,feel,how your clothes fit and your overall energy level.1. A.However2. A.cares3. A.initially4. A.recording5. A.reach6. A.definition7. A.regardless of8. A.immediate9. A.claims10.A.though11.A.report12.A.account for13.A.prepare14.A.features15.A.bored16.A.sign17.A.request18.A.surprising19.A.if20.A.dominatingB.ThereforeB.helpsB.occasionallyB.explainingB.setB.distributionB.due toB.rigidB.judgmentsB.insteadB.overlookB.approve ofB.shareB.resultsB.anxiousB.secretB.necessityB.disappointingB.unlessB.obsessingC.OtherwiseC.warnsC.solelyC.loweringC.reviewC.depictionC.aside fromC.preciseC.methodsC.againC.trackC.hold ontoC.confirmC.rulesC.sickC.beliefC.wishC.restrictingC.becauseC.puzzlingD.BesidesD.reducesD.formallyD.acceptingD.modifyD.predictionD.along withD.orderlyD.reasonsD.indeedD.concealD.depend onD.adjustD.testsD.hungryD.principleD.decisionD.consumingD.untilD.triumphing Section II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions after each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40points)Text1Unlike so-called basic emotions such as sadness,fear,and anger,guilt emerges a little later,in conjunction with a child's growing grasp of social and moral norms.Children aren't born knowing how to say"I'm sorry";rather,they learn over time that such statements appease parents and friends—and their own consciences.This is why researchers generally regard so-called moral guilt,in the right amount,to be a good thing.In the popular imagination,of course,guilt still gets a bad rap.It is deeply uncomfortable—it's the emotional equivalent of wearing a jacket weighted with stones. Yet this understanding is outdated."There has been a kind of revival or a rethinking about what guilt is and what role guilt can serve,"says Amrisha Vaish,a psychology researcher at the University of Virginia,adding that this revival is part of a larger recognition that emotions aren't binary—feelings that may be advantageous in one context may be harmful in another.Jealousy and anger,for example,may have evolved to alert us to important inequalities.Too much happiness can be destructive.And guilt,by prompting us to think more deeply about our goodness,can encourage humans to make up for errors and fix relationships.Guilt,in other words,can help hold a cooperative species together.It is a kind of social glue.Viewed in this light,guilt is an opportunity.Work by Tina Malti,a psychology professor at the University of Toronto,suggests that guilt may compensate for an emotional deficiency.In a number of studies,Malti and others have shown that guilt and sympathy may represent different pathways to cooperation and sharing.Some kids who are low in sympathy may make up for that shortfall by experiencing more guilt,which can rein in their nastier impulses.And vice versa:High sympathy can substitute for low guilt.In a2014study,for example,Malti looked ing caregiver assessments and the children's self-observations,she rated each child's overall sympathy level and his or her tendency to feel negative emotions after moral transgressions.Then the kids were handed chocolate coins,and given a chance to share them with an anonymous child.For the low-sympathy kids,how much they shared appeared to turn on how inclined they were to feel guilty.The guilt-prone ones shared more,even though they hadn't magically become more sympathetic to the other child's deprivation."That's good news,"Malti says."We can be prosocial because we caused harm and we feel regret."21. Researchers think that guilt can be a good thing because it may help____A. regulate a child's basic emotions.B. foster a child's moral development.C. improve a child's intellectual ability.D. intensify a child's positive feelings.22. According to Paragraph2,many people still consider guilt to be____A. burdensome.B. deceptive.C. addictive.D. inexcusable.23. Vaish holds that the rethinking about guilt comes from an awareness that____A. emotions are context-independent.B. emotions are socially constructive.C. an emotion can play opposing roles.D. emotional stability can benefit health.24. Malti and others have shown that cooperation and sharing____A. can result from either sympathy or guilt.B. may help correct emotional deficiencies.C. can bring about emotional satisfaction.D. may be the outcome of impulsive acts.25. The word"transgressions"(Paragraph5)is closest in meaning to____A. teachings.B. discussions.C. wrongdoings.D. restrictions.Text2Forests give us shade,quiet and one of the harder challenges in the fight against climate change.Even as we humans count on forests to soak up a good share of the carbon dioxide we produce,we are threatening their ability to do so.The climate change we are hastening could one day leave us with forests that emit more carbon than they absorb.Thankfully,there is a way out of this trap—but it involves striking a subtle balance. Helping forests flourish as valuable"carbon sinks"long into the future may require reducing their capacity to absorb carbon now.California is leading the way,as it does on so many climate efforts,in figuring out the details.The state's proposed Forest Carbon Plan aims to double efforts to thin out young trees and clear brush in parts of the forest.This temporarily lowers carbon-carrying capacity. But the remaining trees draw a greater share of the available moisture,so they grow and thrive,restoring the forest's capacity to pull carbon from the air.Healthy trees are also better able to fend off insects.The landscape is rendered less easily burnable.Even in the event of a fire,fewer trees are consumed.The need for such planning is increasingly urgent.Already,since2010,drought and insects have killed over100million trees in California,most of them in2016alone,and wildfires have burned hundreds of thousands of acres.California plans to treat35,000acres of forest a year by2020,and60,000by2030—financed from the proceeds of the state's emissions-permit auctions.That's only a small share of the total acreage that could benefit,about half a million acres in all,so it will be vital to prioritize areas at greatest risk of fire or drought.The strategy also aims to ensure that carbon in woody material removed from the forests is locked away in the form of solid lumber or burned as biofuel in vehicles that would otherwise run on fossil fuels.New research on transportation biofuels is already under way.State governments are well accustomed to managing forests,but traditionally they've focused on wildlife,watersheds and opportunities for recreation.Only recently have they come to see the vital part forests will have to play in storing carbon.California's plan, which is expected to be finalized by the governor next year,should serve as a model.26. By saying"one of the harder challenges,"the author implies that____A. global climate change may get out of control.B. people may misunderstand global warming.C. forests may become a potential threat.D. extreme weather conditions may arise.27. To maintain forests as valuable"carbon sinks,"we may need to____A. preserve the diversity of species in them.B. accelerate the growth of young trees.C. lower their present carbon-absorbing capacity.D. strike a balance among different plants.28. California's Forest Carbon Plan endeavors to____A. reduce the density of some of its forests.B. cultivate more drought-resistant trees.C. find more effective ways to kill insects.D. restore its forests quickly after wildfires.29. What is essential to California's plan according to Paragraph5?A. To obtain enough financial support.B. To carry it out before the year of2020.C. To perfect the emissions-permit auctions.D. To handle the areas in serious danger first.30. The author's attitude to California's plan can best be described as____A. ambiguous.B. supportive.C. tolerant.D. cautious.Text3American farmers have been complaining of labor shortages for several years.The complaints are unlikely to stop without an overhaul of immigration rules for farm workers.Congress has obstructed efforts to create a more straightforward visa for agricultural workers that would let foreign workers stay longer in the U.S.and change jobs within the industry.If this doesn't change,American businesses,communities,and consumers will be the losers.Perhaps half of U.S.farm laborers are undocumented immigrants.As fewer such workers enter the country,the characteristics of the agricultural workforce are changing. Today's farm laborers,while still predominantly born in Mexico,are more likely to be settled rather than migrating and more likely to be married than single.They're also aging. At the start of this century,about one-third of crop workers were over the age of35.Now, more than half are.And picking crops is hard on older bodies.One oft-debated cure for this labor shortage remains as implausible as it's been all along:Native U.S.workers won't be returning to the farm.Mechanization isn't the answer,either—not yet,at least.Production of corn,cotton, rice,soybeans,and wheat has been largely mechanized,but many high-value,labor-intensive crops,such as strawberries,need labor.Even dairy farms,where robots do a small share of milking,have a long way to go before they're automated.As a result,farms have grown increasingly reliant on temporary guest workers using the H-2A visa to fill the gaps in the agricultural workforce.Starting around2012,requests for the visas rose sharply;from2011to2016the number of visas issued more than doubled.The H-2A visa has no numerical cap,unlike the H-2B visa for nonagricultural work, which is limited to66,000a year.Even so,employers complain they aren't given all the workers they need.The process is cumbersome,expensive and unreliable.One survey found that bureaucratic delays led the average H-2A worker to arrive on the job22days late.The shortage is compounded by federal immigration raids,which remove some workers and drive others underground.In a2012survey,71percent of tree-fruit growers and nearly80percent of raisin and berry growers said they were short of labor.Some western farmers have responded bymoving operations to Mexico.From1998to2000,14.5percent of the fruit Americans consumed was imported.Little more than a decade later,the share of imports was25.8 percent.In effect,the U.S.can import food or it can import the workers who pick it.31. What problem should be addressed according to the first two paragraphs?A. Flaws in U.S.immigration rules for farm workers.B. Discrimination against foreign workers in the U.S.C. Biased laws in favor of some American businesses.D. Decline of job opportunities in U.S.agriculture.32. One trouble with U.S.agricultural workforce is____A. the rising number of illegal immigrants.B. the aging of immigrant farm workers.C. the high mobility of crop workers.D. the lack of experienced laborers.33. What is the much-argued solution to the labor shortage in U.S.farming?A. To strengthen financial support for farmers.B. To attract younger laborers to farm work.C. To use more robots to grow high-value crops.D. To get native U.S.workers back to farming.34. Agricultural employers complain about the H-2A visa for its____A. control of annual admissions.B. limit on duration of stay.C. slow granting procedures.D. tightened requirements.35. Which of the following could be the best title for this text?A. Manpower vs.Automation?B. U.S.Agriculture in Decline?C. America Saved by Mexico?D. Import Food or Labor?Text4Arnold Schwarzenegger,Dia Mirza and Adrian Grenier have a message for you:It's easy to beat plastic.They're part of a bunch of celebrities starring in a new video for World Environment Day—encouraging you,the consumer,to swap out your single-use plastic staples to combat the plastics crisis.The key messages that have been put together for World Environment Day do include a call for governments to enact legislation to curb single-use plastics.But the overarching message is directed at individuals.My concern with leaving it up to the individual,however,is our limited sense of what needs to be achieved.On their own,taking our own bags to the grocery store or quitting plastic straws,for example,will accomplish little and require very little of us.They could even be harmful,satisfying a need to have"done our bit"without ever progressing onto bigger,bolder,more effective actions—a kind of"moral licensing"that eases our concerns and stops us doing more and asking more of those in charge.While the conversation around our environment and our responsibility toward it remains centered on shopping bags and straws,we're ignoring the balance of power that implies that as"consumers"we must shop sustainably,rather than as"citizens"hold our governments and industries to account to push for real systemic change.It's important to acknowledge that the environment isn't everyone's priority—or even most people's.We shouldn't expect it to be.In her latest book,Why Good People Do Bad Environmental Things,Elizabeth R.DeSombre argues that the best way to collectively change the behavior of large numbers of people is for the change to be structural.This might mean implementing policy such as a plastic tax that adds a cost to environmentally problematic action,or banning single-use plastics altogether.India has just announced it will"eliminate all single-use plastic in the country by2022."There are also incentive-based ways of making better environmental choices easier,such as ensuring recycling is at least as easy as trash disposal.DeSombre isn't saying people should stop caring about the environment.It's just that individual actions are too slow,she says,for that to be the only,or even primary,approachto changing widespread behavior.None of this is about writing off the individual.It's just about putting things into perspective.We don't have time to wait.We need progressive policies that shape collective action,alongside engaged citizens pushing for change.36. Some celebrities star in a new video to____A. disclose the causes of the plastics crisis.B. demand new laws on the use of plastics.C. invite public opinion on the plastics crisis.D. urge consumers to cut the use of plastics.37. The author is concerned that"moral licensing"may____A. suppress our desire for success.B. mislead us into doing worthless things.C. weaken our sense of accomplishment.D. prevent us from making further efforts.38. By pointing out our identity as"citizens,"the author indicates that____A. we have been actively exercising our civil rights.B. we should press our governments to lead the combat.C. our relationship with local industries is improving.D. our focus should be shifted to community welfare.39. DeSombre argues that the best way for a collective change should be____A. a win-win arrangement.B. a top-down process.C. a self-driven mechanism.D. a cost-effective approach.40. The author concludes that individual efforts____A. are far from sufficient.B. are far from rational.C. can be too inconsistent.D. can be too aggressive.Part BDirections:Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its corresponding information in the right column.There are two extra choices in the right column.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)How seriously should parents take kids'opinions when searching for a home?In choosing a new home,Camille McClain's kids had a single demand:a backyard.McClain's little ones aren't the only kids who have an opinion when it comes to housing,and in many cases youngsters'views weigh heavily on parents'real estate decisions,according to a2018Harris Poll survey of more than2,000U.S.adults.While more families buck an older-generation proclivity to leave kids in the dark about real estate decisions,realty agents and psychologists have mixed views about the financial,personal and long-term effects kids'opinions may have.The idea of involving children in a big decision is a great idea because it can help them feel a sense of control and ownership in what can be an overwhelming process,said Ryan Hooper,clinical psychologist in Chicago."Children may face serious difficulties in coping with significant moves,especially if it removes them from their current school or support system,"he said.Greg Jaroszewski,a real estate broker with Gagliardo Realty Associates,said he's not convinced that kids should be involved in selecting a home—but their opinions should be considered in regards to proximity to friends and social activities,if possible.Younger children should feel like they're choosing their home—without actually getting a choice in the matter,said Adam Bailey,real estate attorney based in New York.Asking them questions about what they like about the backyard of a potential home will make them feel like they're being included in the decision-making process,Bailey said.Many of the aspects of homebuying aren't a consideration for children,said Tracey Hampson,a real estate agent based in Santa Clarita,Calif.And placing too much emphasis on their opinions can ruin a fantastic home purchase."Speaking with your children before you make a real estate decision is wise,but Iwouldn't base the purchasing decision solely on their opinions,"Hampson said.The other issue is that many children—especially older ones—may base their real estate knowledge on HGTV shows,said Aaron Norris of The Norris Group in Riverside, Calif."They love Chip and Joanna Gaines just as much as the rest of us,"he said."HGTV has seriously changed how people view real estate.It's not shelter,it's a lifestyle.With that mindset change come some serious money consequences."Kids tend to get stuck in the features and the immediate benefits to them personally, Norris said.Parents need to remind their children that their needs and desires may change over time,said Julie Gurner,a real estate analyst with ."Their opinions can change tomorrow,"Gurner said."Harsh as it may be to say,that decision should likely not be made contingent on a child's opinions,but rather made for them with great consideration into what home can meet their needs best—and give them an opportunity to customize it a bit and make it their own."This advice is more relevant now than ever before,even as more parents want to embrace the ideas of their children,despite the current housing crunch.Section III Translation46. Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese.Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET. (15points)It is easy to underestimate English writer James Herriot.He had such a pleasant, readable style that one might think that anyone could imitate it.How many times have I heard people say,"I could write a book.I just haven't the time."Easily said.Not so easily done.James Herriot,contrary to popular opinion,did not find it easy in his early days of, as he put it,"having a go at the writing game".While he obviously had an abundance of natural talent,the final,polished work that he gave to the world was the result of years of practising,re-writing and reading.Like the majority of authors,he had to suffer many disappointments and rejections along the way,but these made him all the more determined to succeed.Everything he achieved in life was earned the hard way and his success in the literary field was no exception.Section IV WritingPart A47. Directions:Suppose Professor Smith asked you to plan a debate on the theme of city traffic. Write an email to1) suggest a specific topic with your reasons,and2) tell him about your arrangements.You should write about100words on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own e"Li Ming"instead.(10points)PartB 48. Directions:Write an essay based on the chart below. In your writing, youshould 1) interpret the chart,and 2) give yourcomments. You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points) 某高校2013和2018年本科毕业生去向统计 26.30% 1.30%2.60%就业升学创业2018。

2019考研英语二试题SectionIUse of EnglishRead the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank andmarkA, B，C or Don the ANSWER SHET(10 points)Weighing yourself regularly is a wonderfulwaytostay awareofanysignificant weight fluctuations 1 ,when done too often, this habit can sometimes hurt more that it 2 .As for me, weighing myself every day caused ma to shift my focus from being generally healthy and physically active to focusing3 on the scale. That was bad to my overall fitness goals. I had gained weight in the form ofmuscle mass, but thinking onlyof4 the number on the scale, I altered mytraining program. That conflicted with how I needed to train to 5 my goals.I also found that weighing myself daily did not provide an accurate 6 ofthe hard work and progress I was making in the gym. It takes about three weeks to a month to notice any significant changes in your weight 7 altering yourtraining program. The most8 changes will be observed in skill level, strength and inches lost.Forthese 9 I stopped weighing myself every day and switched to abimonthly weighing schedule10.Since weight loss is not my goal, itislessimportantfor metollmy weight each week. Weighing every other weekallows me to observeand 12any significant weight changes. That tells mewhether Ineedto 13 my training program.I use my bimonthly weight-in14to get information about my nutrition as well. Ifmy training intensity remainsthe same, but I'm constantly15 anddropping weight, thisisa16 that I need to increase my daily caloric intake.The17 to stop weighing myself every day has done wonders for my overall health, fitness and well-being. I’m experiencing increased zeal for work ing out since I no longer carry the burden of a 18 morning weigh-in. I've also experienced greater success in achieving my specific fitness goals. 19 I’m training according to those goals, not the numbers on a scale.Rather than 20 over the scale, turn your focus to how you kook, feel, how you clothes fit and your overall energy level.1. A. Therefore B. Otherwise C. However D. Besides2. A. cares B. warns C. reduces D. helps3. A solely B. occasionally C. formally D. initially4. A lowering B. explaining C.accepting D. recording5. A.set B. review C.reach D.modify6. A. depiction B. distribution C. prediction D.definition7.A.regardless of B. aside from C. along with D. due to8.A. rigid B. precise C. immediate D.orderly9.A.judgments B. reasons C. methods D. claims10.A. though B. again C.indeed D. instead11.A. track B. overlook C.conceal D. report12.A.approveof B. hold onto C.account for D. depend on13.A. share B. adjust C. confirm D prepare14.A. features B. rules C.tests D results15.A anxious B. hungry C.sick D. bored16.A. secret B belief C. sign D. principle17.A. necessity B. decision C.wish D. request18.A. surprising B. restricting C. consuming D. disappointing19.A. because B. unless C.until D. if20.A. dominating B. puzzling C.triumphing D. obsessingSection II Reading ComprehensionPartADirectionsRead the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosingA, B，Cor D. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET (40 points)Text1Unlike so-called basic emotions such as sadness, fear, and anger, guilt emerges a little later, in conjunction with a child's growing grasp of social and moral norms. Children aren't born knowing how to say "I'm sorry”; rather, they learn over time that such statements appease parents and friends - and their own consciences. This is whyresearchers generally regard so-called moral guilt, in the right amount, to be a good thing.In the popular imagination, of course, guilt still gets a bad rap. It is deeply uncomfortable - it's the emotional equivalent of wearing a jacket weighted with stones. Yet this understanding is outdated. "There has been a kind of revival or a rethinking about what guilt is and what role guilt can serve," says Amrisha Vaish, a psychology researcher at the University of Virginia, adding that this revival is part of a larger recognition that emotions aren't binary -feelings that may be advantageous in one context may be harmful in another. Jealousy and anger, for example, may have evolved to alert us to important inequalities. Too much happiness can be destructive.And guilt, by prompting us to think more deeply about our goodness, can encourage humans to make up for errors and fix relationships. Guilt, in other words, can help hold a cooperative species together. It is a kind of social glue.Viewed in this light, guilt is an opportunity. Work by Tina Malti, a psychology professor at the University of Toronto, suggests that guilt may compensate for an emotional deficiency. In a number of studies, Malti and others have shown that guilt and sympathy may represent different pathways to cooperation and sharing Some kids who are low in sympathy may make up for that shortfall by experiencing more guilt, which can rein in their nastier impulses. And vice versa: High sympathy can substitute for low guilt.In a 2014 study, for example, Malti looked at 244 children Using caregiver assessments and the children's self-observations, she rated each child's overall sympathy level and his or her tendency to feel negative emotions after moral transgressions. Then the kids were handed chocolate coins, and given a chance to shared them with an anonymous child. For the low-sympathy kids, how much they shared appeared to turn on how inclined they were to feel guilty. The guilt-prone ones shared more, even though they hadn't magically become more sympathetic to the other child's deprivation" That's good news, " Malti says. " We can be prosocial because we caused harm and we feel regret.”21.Researchers think that guilt can be a good thing because it may help____A) foster a child's moral developmentB) regulate a child's basic emotionsC) improve a child’s intellectual abilityD) intensity a child's positive feelings22.According to paragraph 2, many people still consider guilt to be____A) inexcusableB) deceptionC) addictiveD) burdensome23.Vaish hold that the rethinking about guilt comes from an awareness thatA)emotions air context-independentB)an emotion can playopposing rolesC)emotion are socially constructiveD)emotional stability can benefit health24. Malti and others have shown that cooperation and sharing·A. may help correct emotional deficienciesB. can result from either sympathy or guiltC. can bring about emotional satisfactionD. may be the outcome of impulsive aets25. The word "transgressions" (Line 4, Para. 5) is closest in meaning to___A. TeachingsB, discussionsC.RestrictionsD.D. wrongdoingsText 2Forests give us shade, quiet and one of the harder challenges in the fight against climate change. Even as we humanscount on forests to soak up a good share of the carbon dioxide we produce, we are threatening their ability to do so.Theclimate。

weight changes. That tells me whether I need to I alsouse my bimonthly weigh-in 14 toclothes 2019年研宄生入学统一考试试题（英语二）Section I Use of EnglishRead the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Weighing yourself regularly is a wonderful way to slay aware of any significant weight fluctuations.J_，when done too often，this habit can sometimes hurt more than it 2_.As for me，weighing myself every day caused me to shift my focus from being generally healthy and physically active to focusing ^_on the scale. That was bad lo my overall fitness goals. I had gained weight in the form of muscle mass, but thinking only of _4_the number on ihcscale, I altered my training program. That conflicted with how I needed to train to _5 ____________ m y goals.I also found weighing myself daily did not provide an accurate 6 of the hard work and progress I was making in the gym. It takes about three weeks lo a month to notice significantchanges in weight _7 _____ altering your training program. The most _8 _________ changes will be observed in skill level, strength and inches lost.For these _9_. I stopped weighing myself every day and switched to a bimonthly weighing schedule 10 . Since weight loss is noi my goal, it is less importanl for me to 11 my weight each week. Weighingevery other week allows me to observe and 12 any—my training program, information aboutmy nutrition as well. If the same, but I'm constantly 15 and dropping weight, this isThe 17 to stop weighing myself every day has done wonders for my overall health, fitness and well-being. I am experiencing increased zeal for working out since I no longer carry the burden of a 18 morning weigh-in. I've also experienced greater success in achieving my specific fitness goals, 19 I'm training according to those goals, instead of numbers on a scale.B. aside from B. precise B.reasons B. again B. overlook B. hold onto B. adjust B. rules B. hungry B. belief B. decision B. restricting B.unlessB. puzzling 7. A. Regardless of8. A. Rigid9. A. judgmentsThough TrackApproval ofShare aturcsAnxious SecretNecessitySurprisingBecause 1. 逻辑关系题：文章第一句说定期称体重是一个很好的方式.空格后谈到hurl 伤害ia ，所 以前后构成转折相反关系，浠要填入一个转折词，选Chowever 。

2019全国研究生考试英语二真题及参考答案解析Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Weighing yourself regularly is a wonderful way to stay aware of any significant weight fluctuations. 1 , when done too often, this habit can sometimes hurt more than it 2 . As for me, weighing myself every day caused me to shift my focus from being generally healthy and physically active to focusing 3 on the scale. That was bad to my overall fitness goals. I had gained weight in the form of muscle mass, but thinking only of 4 the number on the scale, I altered my training program. That conflicted with how I needed to train to 5 my goals.I also found weighing myself daily did not provide an accurate 6 of the hard work and progress I was making in the gym. It takes about three weeks to a month to notice significant changes in weight 7 altering your training program. The most 8 changes will be observed in skill level, strength and inches lost.For these 9 , I stopped weighing myself every day and switched to a bimonthly weighing schedule 10 . Since weight loss is not my goal, it is less important for me to 11 my weight each week. Weighing every other week allows me to observe and 12 any significant weight changes. That tells me whether I need to 13 my training program.I also use my bimonthly weigh-in 14 to get information about my nutrition as well. If my training intensit y remains the same, but I’m constantly 15 and dropping weight, this is a 16 that I need to increase my daily caloric intake.The 17 to stop weighing myself every day has done wonders for my overall health, fitness and well-being. I am experiencing increased zeal for working out since I no longer carry the burden of a 18 morning weigh-in. I’ve also experienced greater success in achieving my specific fitness goals, 19 I’m training according to those goals, instead of numbers on a scale.Rather than 20 over the scale, turn your focus to how you look, feel, how your clothes fit and your overall energy level.1. A. Therefore B. Otherwise C. However D. Besides2. A. Cares B. warns C. reduces D. helps3. A. Solely B. occasionally C. formally D. initially4. A. Lowering B. explaining C. accepting D. recording5. A. Set B. review C. reach D. modify6. A. Depiction B. distribution C. prediction D. definition7. A. Regardless of B. aside from C. along with D. due to8. A. Rigid B. precise C. immediate D. orderly9. A. judgments B. reasons C. methods D. claims10. A. Though B. again C. indeed D. instead11. A. Track B. overlook C.conceal D. report12. A. Approval of B. hold onto C. account for D. depend on13. A. Share B. adjust C. confirm D. prepare14. Features B. rules C. tests D. results15. A. Anxious B. hungry C. sick D. bored16. A. Secret B. belief C. sign D. principle17. A. Necessity B. decision C. wish D. request18. A. Surprising B. restricting C. consuming D. disappointing19. A. Because B. unless C. until D. if20. A. Dominating B. puzzling C. triumphing D. obsessingSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1A few years ago, researchers in Germany set out to plumb the moral consciences of small children. They invited a series of 2- and 3-year-olds to play with a marble track in a lab. Close to the track—inauspiciously close—was a block tower that one of the adult experimenters claimed to have painstakingly constructed. Just before turning her back, she asked them not to damage it. Needless to say, the game was rigged. After a few runs, a marble would knock over part of the tower, at which point the experimenter responded with what the resulting journal article described as a “mildly sad” tone. “Oh no,” she would say, then ask what had happened. In some versions of the experiment, the child seemed to be to blame; in others, an adult who was helping with the experiment toppled the tower. The kids’ reactions revealed a lot about how social-emotional development progresses during these key years. While many of the 2-year-olds seemed sympathetic to the researcher’s plight, the 3-year-olds went beyond sympathy. When they believed that they’d caused the accident, they were more likely than the 2-year-olds to express regret and try to fix the tower. In other words, the 3-year-olds’ behavior varied depending on whether they felt responsible.Their actions, according to Amrisha Vaish, the University of Virginia psychology researcher who led the study, de monstrate “the beginnings of real guilt and real conscience.” Vaish is one of a number of scholars studying how, when, and why guilt emerges in children. Unlike so-called basic emotions such as sadness, fear, and anger, guilt emerges a little later, in con junction with a child’s growing grasp of social and moral norms. Children aren’t born knowing how to say “I’m sorry”; rather, they learn over time that such statements appease parents and friends—and their own consciences. This is why researchers generally regard so-called moral guilt, in the right amount, to be a good thing: A child who claims responsibility for knocking over a tower and tries to rebuild it is engaging in behavior that’s not only reparative but also prosocial.In the popular imagination, o f course, guilt still gets a bad rap. It evokes Freud’s ideas and religious hang-ups. More important, guilt is deeply uncomfortable—it’s the emotional equivalent of wearing a jacket weighted with stones. Who would inflict it upon a child? Yet this understa nding is outdated. “There has been a kind of revival or a rethinking about what guilt isand what role guilt can serve,” Vaish says, adding that this revival is part of a larger recognition that emotions aren’t binary—feelings that may be advantageous in one context may be harmful in another. Jealousy and anger, for example, may have evolved to alert us to important inequalities. Too much happiness (think mania) can be destructive.And guilt, by prompting us to think more deeply about our goodness, can encourage humans to atone for errors and fix relationships. Guilt, in other words, can help hold a cooperative species together. It is a kind of social glue.Viewed in this light, guilt is an opportunity. Work by Tina Malti, a psychology professor at the University of Toronto, suggests that guilt may compensate for an emotional deficiency. In a number of studies, Malti and others have shown that guilt and sympathy (and its close cousin empathy) may represent different pathways to cooperation and sharing. Some kids who are low in sympathy may make up for that shortfall by experiencing more guilt, which can rein in their nastier impulses. And vice versa: High sympathy can substitute for low guilt.In a 2014 study, for example, Malti and a colleague looked at 244 children, ages 4, 8, and 12. Using caregiver assessments and the children’s self-observations, they rated each child’s overall sympathy level and his or her tendency to feel negative emotions (like guilt and sadness) after moral transgressions. Then the kids were handed stickers and chocolate coins, and given a chance to share them with an anonymous child. For the low-sympathy kids, how much they shared appeared to turn on how inclined they were to feel guilty. The guilt-prone ones shared more, even though t hey hadn’t magically become more sympathetic to the other child’s deprivation.“That’s good news,” Malti says. “We can be prosocial because of our empathetic proclivity, or because we caused harm and we feel regret.”Malti describes guilt as a self-directed emotion, elicited when you act in a way that’s out of keeping with your conscience. Sympathy and empathy are other-directed. A child who isn’t inclined to feel bad for a classmate whose toy car she stole might nevertheless feel uncomfortable with the idea of herself as a thief—and return the toy. Guilt can include sympathy, Malti says, but it doesn’t have to. She’s agnostic about which of the two paths children take, so long as they treat one another well.This is a provocative idea at a moment when parents and educators have come to almost fetishize empathy—when a child’s ability to put herself in another’s shoes seems like the apex of goodness. Parents encourage children to consider how their peers feel when they don’t share their toys. Presc hool teachers instruct students to consider one another “friends,” implying that good behavior is predicated on affection. Elementary schools base anti-bullying curricula around altruistic concepts like love and kindness.When it comes to helping kids mana ge relationships and tamp down aggression, “schools and programs have almost exclusively focused on empathy promotion,” Malti says. “I think it’s incredibly important to nurture empathy, but I think it’s equally important to promote guilt.”If you still fi nd the idea of guilting your child unpalatable, keep in mind that we’re talking about a very specific kind of guilt. This is not telling your child that her disobedience proves she’s unworthy, or describing how painful it was to give birth to her. This is not pressuring your grown son or daughter to hurry up and have babies before you die. In short, this is not your grandmother’s guilt-trip.You don’t want a child to feel bad about who she is (that’s called shaming) or responsible forthings outside her control (which can give rise to maladaptive or neurotic guilt; see the child who feels guilty for her parents’ divorce). Malti points out that a child’s age and disposition are also important considerations; some may be temperamentally guilt-prone and require a lighter touch. The point is to encourage both goodness and resilience. We all make mistakes, and ideally we use them to propel ourselves toward better behavior.Proper guilting connects the dots between your child’s actions and an outcome—without suggesting anything is wrong or bad about her—and focuses on how best to repair the harm she’s caused. In one fell swoop it inspires both guilt and empathy, or what Martin Hoffman, an emeritus professor at NYU known for his extensive work on empathy, has termed “empathy-based guilt.” Indeed, you may already be guilting your child (in a healthy way!) without realizing it. As in: “Look, your brother is crying because you just threw his Beanie Boo in the toilet.” Hopefully, the kid is moved to atone for her behavior, and a parent might help her think through how to do that.Work by Renee Patrick, a psychology professor at the University of Tampa, shows that it’s important for parents to express themselves in a warm and loving way: A parent who seems chastising or rejecting can induce anxiety in a child, and do nothing to encourage healthy behavior. Patrick’s work also shows that kids whose parents used a strategy intended to elicit “empathy-based guilt” during their adolescence tended to see moral concepts like fairne ss and honesty as more central to their sense of themselves. (A related technique that’s been found effective in adolescents involves what Patrick calls “parental expression of disappointed expectations”—which is as harrowing as it sounds.)Joan Grusec, a psychologist and researcher in parenting and children’s development, and a colleague of Malti’s at the University of Toronto, says it’s important to make the what-you-can-do-about-it part a discussion between parent and child, instead of a sermon. Forcing a child to behave morally may prevent her from internalizing the lesson you’re trying to impart. And, she says, such a conversation may work better “once everybody has simmered down,” rather than in the heat of a dispute. She points to research on what aca demics call reminiscence, which suggests that discussing a transgression after the fact may better help children understand what they did wrong.Of course, knowing when to feel bad and what to do about it are things we could all benefit from. Malti’s resea rch may focus on kids, but guilt is a core human emotion—an inevitability for people of every age. And she believes that it has the potential to be especially helpful now, in a world that is growing more divided and atomized.She argues that guilt may have the ability to bring us together, not despite but because of its focus on the self. The proposition is radical. What if the secret to treating one another better is thinking about ourselves not less, but more?21. Researchers think that guilt can be a good thing because it may help__________.A. regulate a child’s basic emotionsB. improve a child’s intellectual abilityC. intensify a child’s positive feelingsD. foster a child’s moral development22. According to Paragraph 2, many people still guilt to be _________.A. deceptiveB. addictiveC. burdensomeD. inexcusable23. Vaish holds that the rethinking about guilt comes from an awareness that________.A. an emotion can play opposing rolesB. emotions are socially constructiveC. emotional stability can benefit healthD. emotions are context -independent24. Malti and others have shown that cooperation and sharing_______.A. may help correct emotional deficienciesB. can bring about emotional satisfactionC. can result from either sympathy or guiltD. may be the outcome of impulsive acts25. The word “transgressions” (line4 para5) is closest in meaning to________.A. wrongdoingsB. discussionsC. restrictionsD. teachingsText 2Forests give us shade, quiet and one of the harder challenges in the fight against climate change. Even as we humans count on forests to soak up a good share of the carbon dioxide we produce, we are threatening their ability to do so. The climate change we are hastening could one day leave us with forests that emit more carbon than they absorb.Thankfully, there is a way out of this trap—but it involves striking a subtle balance. Helping forests flourish as valuable "carbon sinks" long into the future may require reducing their capacity to sequester carbon now. California is leading the way, as it does on so many climate efforts, in figuring out the details.The state's proposed Forest Carbon Plan aims to double efforts to thin out young trees and clear brush in parts of the forest, including by controlled burning. This temporarily lowers carbon-carrying capacity. But the remaining trees draw a greater share of the available moisture, so they grow and thrive, restoring the forest's capacity to pull carbon from the air. Healthy trees are also better able to fend off bark beetles. The landscape is rendered less combustible. Even in the event of a fire, fewer trees are consumed.The need for such planning is increasingly urgent. Already, since 2010, drought and beetles have killed more than 100 million trees in California, most of them in 2016 alone, and wildfires have scorched hundreds of thousands of acres.California's plan envisions treating 35,000 acres of forest a year by 2020, and 60,000 by 2030 —financed from the proceeds of the state's emissions-permit auctions. That's only a small share of the total acreage that could benefit, an estimated half a million acres in all, so it will be important to prioritize areas at greatest risk of fire or drought.The strategy also aims to ensure that carbon in woody material removed from the forests is locked away in the form of solid lumber, burned as biofuel in vehicles that would otherwise runon fossil fuels, or used in compost or animal feed. New research on transportation biofuels is under way, and the state plans to encourage lumber production close to forest lands. In future the state proposes to take an inventory of its forests' carbon-storing capacity every five years. State governments are well accustomed to managing forests, including those owned by the U.S. Forest Service, but traditionally they've focused on wildlife, watersheds and opportunities for recreation. Only recently have they come to see the vital part forests will have to play in storing carbon. California's plan, which is expected to be finalized by the governor early next year, should serve as a model.26. “One of the harder challenges” implies ___A. global climate change may get out of controlB. forests may become a potential threatC. people may misunderstand global warmingD. extreme weather conditions may arise27. To maintain forests as valuable "carbon sinks", we may need to _A.preserve diversity of speciesB. lower their present carbon-absorbing capacityC. accelerate the growth of young treesD. strike a balance among different plants28.California's Forest Carbon Plan endeavors to ___A. restore its forests quickly after wildfires.B. cultivate more drought resistant trees.C. find more effective ways to kill insectsD. reduce the density of some of its forests29. What is essential to California's plan according to para. 5?A. To obtain enough financial supportB. To carry it out before 2020C. To handle the areas in the serious danger firstD. To perfect the emission-permit auctions30.the author's attitude toward California's plan can be best described as ____A. supportiveB. ambiguousC. tolerantD. cautiousText3American farmers have been complaining of labor shortages for several years now. The complaints are unlikely to stop without an overhaul of immigration rules for farm workers.Efforts to create a more straightforward agricultural-workers visa that would enable foreign workers to stay longer in the U.S. and change jobs within the industry have so far failed in Congress. If thisdoesn't change, American businesses, communities and consumers will be the losers.Perhaps half of U.S. farm laborers are undocumented immigrants. As fewer such workers enter the U.S., the characteristics of the agricultural workforce are changing. Today's farm laborers, while still predominantly born in Mexico, are more likely to be settled, rather than migrating, and more likely to be married than single. They are also aging. At the start of this century, about one-third of crop workers were over the age of 35. Now, more than half are. And crop picking is hard on older bodies.One oft-debated cure for this labor shortage remains as implausible as it has been all along: Native U.S. workers won't be returning to the farm.Mechanization is not the answer either----not yet at least. Production of corn, cotton, rice, soybeans and wheat have been largely mechanized, but many high-value, labor-intensive crops, such as strawberries, need labor. Even dairy farms, where robots currently do only a small share of milking, have a long way to go before they are automated.As a result, farms have grown increasingly reliant on temporary guest workers using the H-2A visa to fill the gaps in the agricultural workforce. Starting around 2012, requests for the visas rose sharply; from 2011 to 2016 the number of visas issued more than doubled.The H-2A visa has no numerical cap, unlike the H-2B visa for nonagricultural work, which is limited to 66,000 annually. Even so, employers frequently complain that they aren't allotted all the workers they need. The process is cumbersome, expensive and unreliable. One survey found that bureaucratic delays led H-2A workers to arrive on the job an average of 22 days late. And the shortage is compounded by federal immigration raids, which remove some workers and drive others underground.In effect, the U.S. can import food or it can import the workers who pick it. The U.S. needs a simpler, streamlined, multi-year visa for agricultural workers, accompanied by measures to guard against exploitation and a viable path to U.S. residency for workers who meet the requirements. Otherwise growers will continue to struggle with shortages and uncertainty, and the country as a whole will lose out.31. What problem should be addressed according to the first two paragraphs?A. Discrimination against foreign workers in the U.S.B. Biased laws in favor of some American businesses.C. Flaws in U.S. immigration rules for farm workersD. Decline of job opportunities in U. S. agriculture32. One trouble with U.S. agricultural workforce is ?A. the rising number of illegal immigrantsB. the high mobility of crop workersC. the lack of experienced laborersD. the aging of immigrant farm workers33. What is the much-argued solution the labor shortage in U.S. farming?A. To attract younger laborers to farm work.B. To get native U.S. workers back farmingC. To use more robots to grow high-value cropsD. To strengthen financial support for farmers.34. Agricultural employers complain about the H-2A visa for itsA .slow granting proceduresB. limit on duration of stayC. tightened requirementsD. control of annual admissions35. Which of the following could be the best title for this text?A. U.S. Agriculture in Decline?B. Import Food or Labor?C. America Saved by Mexico?D. Manpower VS. Automation?Text 4Arnold Schwarzenegger, Dia Mirza and Adrian Grenier have a message for you: It’s easy to beat plastic. They’re part of a bunch of celebrities staring in a new video for World Environment Day-encouraging you, the consumer, to s your single-use Plastic staples to combat the plastic crisis.If only I’d realized that we can buy our way out of the problem except we can’t.The key messages that have been put together for World Environment Day do include a call for governments to enact legislation to curb single-us plastics. But the overarching message is directed at individuals: Lead with your wallets.The problem of perpetuating this individualistic narrative is that it's not going to get us very far and the plastics crisis we face is immense. Our oceans are blighted by the stuff. It's in our drinking water (including bottled water), and we could even be breathing it in.I'm not dismissing individual actions like ordering straw-free drinks at bars, or opting for a reusable water bottle over a cup that's going in the trash as soon as you've used it. I can't imagine not at least trying to minimize my own plastics footprint, whether it's lugging home my newly-refilled gallon bottle of washing-up liquid every few months, or buying packaging-free food, clothing and toiletries where possible.On their own, however, none of these things is enough.Part of my worry about leaving it up to the individual is that we're all just guessing at what's going on out there-and that's if we haven't been scared off from doing anything to start with in the face of such a huge challenge. As consumers, we have little idea about how much plastic has been used and discarded along the supply chain, for example. It's also hard to compare, say, going to a bulk store that sells plastic-free products but requires you to drive some distance versus a more Iccal shop where you may end up taking home some packaged items.There’s also a time and cost issue. Realistically, I'm not going to start making my own laundry detergents so I can avoid the plastic bottles they come in, and there can be extra costs associated with environmentally friendly products.My biggest concern with leaving it up to the individual, however, is our limited sense of what needs to be achieved On their own, taking our own bags to the grocery store or quitting plasticstraws, for example, will accomplish little and require very little of us. They could even be detrimental, satisfying a need to have "done our bit" without ever progressing onto bigger, bolder, more effective actions---a kind of "moral licensing" that allays our concerns and stops us doing more and asking more of those in charge.While the conversation around our environment and our responsibility toward it remains centered on shopping bags and straws, we're ignoring the balance of power that implies that as "consumers" we must shop sustainably, rather than as "citizens" hold our governments and industries to account to push for real systemic change. Nowhere in World Environment Day 2018's key messages is there anything about voting for environmentally progressive politicians, for example. Why not?It’s important to acknowledge that the environment isn’t everyone’s priority-or even most people’s. We shouldn’t expect it to be .In her latest book, Why Could People Do Bad Environmental Things, Wellesley College professor Elizabeth R. De Sombre argue that the best way to collectively change the behavior of large numbers of people is for the change to be structural.This might mean implementing policy such as a plastic tax that adds a cost to environmentally problematic action, or banning single-use plastics altogether. India has just announced it will” eliminate all single-use plastic in the country by 2022.” Ther e are also incentive-based ways of making better environmental choices easier, such as ensuring recycling is at least as easy as trash disposal.De Sombre isn’t saying people should stop caring about the environment. It’s just that individual actions are too slow, she says, for that to be only, or even primary, approach to changing widespread behavior.None of this is about writing off the individual. It’s just about putting things into perspective. We don’t have time to wait. We need progressive policies t hat shape collective action (and rein in polluting business), alongside engaged citizens pushing for change. That’s not something we can buy.36. Some celebrities star in a new video toA. demand new laws on the use of plasticsB. urge consumers to cut the use of plasticsC. invite public opinion on the plastics crisisD. disclose the causes of the plastics crisis37. The author is concerned that “moral licensing” mayA. mislead us into doing worthless thingsB. prevent us from making further effortsC. weaken our sense of accomplishmentD. suppress our desire for success38. By pointing out our identity as “citizens,” the author indicates thatA. our focus should be shifted to community welfareB. our relationship with local industries is improvingC. we have been actively exercising our civil rightsD. We should press our governments to lead the combat39. De Sombre argues that the best way for a collective change should beA. a win-win arrangementB. a self-driven mechanismC. a cost- effective approachD. a top down process40. The author concludes that individual effortsA. can be too aggressiveB. are far from sufficientC. can be too inconsistentD. are far from rationalPart BDirections: you are going to read a list of headings and a text, choose the most suitable heading from the list A-G for each numbered paragraph (41-45). There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET.（10 points）How seriously should parent take kid’s opinions when searching for a home?In choosing a new home, Camille Mc Clain’s kids have a single demand a backyard.That seemingly reasonable request turned the Chicago family’s home hunt upside down, as th ere weren’t many three-bedroom apartments on the North Side — where the family was looking —that came with yard space. Still, McClain and her husband chose to honor their 4- and 6-year-old’s request.“We worked with a few apartment brokers, and it was st range that many of them didn’t even know if there was outdoor space, so they’d bring us to an apartment, we’d see that it didn’t have a yard, and we’d move on,” said McClain, who runs Merry Music Makers in Lakeview, a business focused on music education for children.McClain’s little ones aren’t the only kids who have an opinion when it comes to housing, and in many cases youngsters’ views weigh heavily on parents’ real estate decisions, according to a 2018 Harris Poll survey of more than 2,000 U.S. adults.Renters paid attention to their kids’ preferences even more: 83 percent said their children’s opinions will be a factor when they buy a home.The idea of involving children in a big decision is a great idea because it can help them feel a sense of control and ownership in what can be an overwhelming process, said Ryan Hooper, clinical psychologist in Chicago.“Children may face serious difficulties in coping with significant moves, especially if it removes。

2019年考研英语二阅读2019年考研英语二阅读理解真题及答案Passage OneWhen I was 33, I walked out of my lifelong job at a local newspaper. It was the end of a long process of self-doubt and soul-searching that finally led to my realizing that I was wasting my time, energy and talent on a career that didn't fulfill me. It was a difficult decision, but I had finally decided to start fresh in a field that would engage all my creative and intellectual capabilities.My new career choice was advertising design, a field that I had zero experience in but always held a great interest in. I had been drawing and painting since childhood, so I felt that with enough practice and self-teaching, I could make myself into a competent designer. I enrolled in an online course to start learning the basics of graphic design, and then I built a small portfolio of my work so I could apply for entry-level positions.I quickly realized that while my enthusiasm was contagious and my dedication to my work unquestionable, my lack of experience was becoming a real obstacle to my success. It was clear that I needed to formalize my training and increase my skill set if I wanted to progress in this field.I decided to return to school to pursue a degree in design. After much research, I chose a reputable design school with an excellent reputation and convenient night classes. I started taking courses that were specifically tailored to the needs of working adults. The courses were challenging, but the structure and support provided by the school were designed to help us succeed while working full-time.Now that I’m nearing graduation, I can say that making the switch to a new career path has been one of the most rewarding decisions of my life. The sense of fulfillment and purpose that I feel every day at work i s unlike anything I’ve ever experienced before. My only regret is not making this change sooner.1. The author left his job at the newspaper due to_____.A. his dissatisfaction with the low payB. his desire for a career that engaged more of his talentsC. his dislike of the work environmentD. his wish to start his own business2. The author decided to pursue a degree in design because_____.A. he lacked the necessary skills for his chosen careerB. he needed to formalize his training in the fieldC. the degree was required for most entry-level positionsD. he wanted to improve his work efficiency3. Which of the following best describes the author’s feelings about his new career?A. It is more challenging than expected.B. It is fulfilling and worthwhile.C. It is less stressful than his previous job.D. It provides more opportunities for advancement.4. The author advises other people considering a career change_____.A. not to be influenced by others’ opinionsB. not to wait too long before making the changeC. to start looking for opportunities immediatelyD. to thoroughly research all possible options first5. What can be inferred about the author?A. He is diligent and determined in pursuit of his goals.B. He has a strong sense of responsibility towards society.C. He finds fulfillment mainly through work成就感。

2019年考研英语二参考答案一、完形填空1. C.Ho wever2. D.he lps3. A.Sole ly4. A.lower ing5. C.reach6. C.pred ic t ion7. D.due to8. C.im media te9. B.reasons10.D.ins tead11.A.Track12.C.account for13.B.ad jus t14.D.resu l t s15.B.hungry16.C.s ign17.B.dec i s ion18.D.d isappo in t ing19.A.because20.D.obsess ing二、阅读理解21.D.Fos te r a ch i ld’s mora l deve lopment22.C.burdensome23.A.an emot ion can play oppos ing ro les24.C.can resu l t f rom ei the r sympathy or gu i l t25.A.wrongdoings26.A.fores t s may beco me a poten t ia l t h rea t27.A.l ower the i r presen t car ton-absorb ing capac i ty28.C.reduce the dens i ty of so me of i t s fores t s29.B.To handle the areas in se r ious danger f i r s t30.D.suppor t ive31.C.Flaws in U.S.im migra t ion ru les for fa rm workers.32.D.the ag ing of im migrant fa rm workers33.B.To ge t na t ive U.S.workers back to fa rming34.A.s low gran t ing procedures35.B.Impor t Food or Labor?36.B.urge consumers to cu t the use of p las t i cs37.B.preven t us f rom making fur the r ef fo r t s38.D.we should press our governments to lead the co mba t39.D.a top-down process40.C.are fa r f rom suf f ic ien t三、新题型41.D.remarks tha t s ign i f i cant moves may pose cha l lenges to ch i ld ren42.G.th inks tha t ch i ld ren should be given a sense of involvement in ho me buying dec i s ions.43.F.advises tha t ho me purchases should not be based only on ch i ld ren’s op in ions44.C.assumes tha t many ch i ld ren’s v iews on rea l es ta te are inf luenced by the media.45.B.be l ieves tha t home buying dec i s ions should be based on ch i ld ren’s needs ra t her than the i r opin ions四、翻译参考译文：人们很容易低估英国作家詹姆斯.赫里尔特，他的写作风格轻松愉快又容易理解，有人便觉得任何人都能模仿。

Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET・(10 points)Weighing yourself regularly is a wonderful way to stay aware of any significant weight fluctuations- 1 , when done too often, this habit can sometimes hurt more than it 2 •As for me, weighing myself every day caused me to shift my focus from being generally healthy and physically active to focusing _3_ on the scale. That was had to my overall fitness goats. I had gained weight in the form of muscle mass, but thinking only of 4 the number on the scale, I altered my training program. That conflicted with how I needed to train to 5 my goals.I also found that weighing myself daily did not provide an accurate 6 of the hard work and progress I was making in the gym. It takes about three weeks to a month to notice any significant changes in your weight 7 altering your training program. The most 8 changes will be observed in skill level, strength and inches lost.For these 9 ,1 stopped weighing myself every day and switched to a bimonthly weighing schedule 10 , Since weight loss is not my goal, it is less important for me to 11 my weight each week. Weighing every other week allows me to observe and 12 any significant weight changes. That tells me whether I need to 13 my training program.I use my bimonthly weigh-in 14 to get information about my nutrition as well. If my training intensity remains the same, but Pm constantly 15 and dropping weight, this is a 16 that I need to increase my daily caloric intake.The 17 to stop weighing myself every day has done wonders for my overall health, fitness and well-being・ I'm experiencing increased zeal for working out since I no longer carry the burden of a 18 morning weigh-in. Tve also experienced greater success in achieving my specific fitness goals, 19 I'm training according to those goals,not the numbers on a scale. Rather than 20 over the scale, turn your focus to how you look, feel how your clothes fit and your overall energy level.l.[A]Besides [B]Therefore[C] Otherwise [D]However 2.[A]helps [BJcares[C] warns [DJreduces 3.[A]initially [BJsolely[C]occasionally [DJformally 4.[A]recording [B] lowering[C]explaining [D]accepting 5.[A]modify [B|set[CJreview [D (reach 6.[A]definition [BJdepiction[C]distribution [DJprediction 7.[A]due to [B]regardless offClaside from [Djalong with 8.[AJorderly [BJrigid[C]precise [D J immediate 9.[A]claims |B]judgments[C]reasons [D]methods 10.[A]instead [B]though[C]again [DJindeed 1 l.[A]track [B Joverlook[C] conceal [DJreport 12.[A]depend on [Bjapprove offCjhold onto | D]account for 13.[AJshare [BJadjust[CJconfirm [DJ prepare 14.[A]results |B]features[CJrules [D]tests 15. [A] bored [Bjanxious[C]hungry [D]sick 16.[A]principle [B]secret [CJbelief |D]sign［解析］此处是逻辑关系考点。