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9月21日雅思阅读原题详解：A Brief History of Chocolate9月21日的雅思阅读考试考到了教主刘洪波老师编著的《雅思阅读真经5》中的两篇原文！分别是《A Brief History of Chocolate》和《From Novices to Experts》。
今天我们先来看第一篇《A Brief History of Chocolate》的详细解析~AWhen most of us hear the word chocolate, we picture a bar, a box of bonbons, or a bunny. The verb that comes to mind is probably “eat,” not “drink,” and the most apt adjective would seem to be “sweet.” But for about 90 percent of chocolate’s long history, it was strictly a beverage, and sugar didn’t have anything to do with it. “I often call chocolate the best-known food that nobody knows anything about,” said Alexandra Leaf, a selfdescribed “chocolate educator” who runs a business called Chocolate Tours of New York City. B The terminology can be a little confusing, but most experts these days use the term “cacao” to refer to the plant or its beans before processing, while the term “chocolate” refers to anything made from the beans, she explained. “Cocoa” generally refers to chocolate in a powdered form, although it can also be a British form of “cacao.” Etymo logists trace the origin of the word“chocolate” to the Aztec word “xocoatl,” which referred to a bitter drink brewed from cacao beans. The Latin name for the cacao tree, T h e o b r o m a c a c a o , means “food of the gods.”Word & Expression1. picture1) ① n.照片；图画；相片；描绘② v. 想象；描述；描写；设想My visits enabled me to build up a broad picture of the culture.参观游览使我对这个文化有了大致的了解。
雅思为各位考生推荐复习材料-剑桥雅思9TEST 4 PASSAGE 2 阅读参考译文-婴幼儿的自我认知,相应的解析，请点击：剑桥雅思9Test4阅读Passage2答案解析。
TEST 4 PASSAGE 2 参考译文：婴幼儿的自我认知A孩子的自我认知是渐渐形成的。
在这一过程中会逐渐形成稍有不同的两种特征：主体自我和客体自我。
1892年William James提出了两者的区别，而与他同一时代的人，如Charles Cooley等，也加人到这场愈加壮大的辩论中。
从此，心理学家在此基础上不断发展自我认知理论。
B根据James的观点，一个孩子自我认知之路的第一步可被视为意识到自己的存在。
这就是他称之为“主体自我”的一个方面，他还解释了构成主体自我的众多因素，其中包括对自我权力(即行动权力)和自我独特性的认识。
当婴儿探索世界并与照顾他的人进行互动时，这些特征会渐渐显现。
Cooley (1902年)认为主体自我的意识主要与实施权力的能力有关。
他提出，婴儿试图控制实物，比如玩具或者自己的胳膊和腿，就是表现主体自我意识的最早的例子。
接着，婴儿会试图影响其他人的行为，比如他们知道当他们哭泣或微笑时就有人会回应他们。
C他人对婴儿的模仿是婴儿的又一个强大信息源，让他们了解到他们对周围世界所能产生的影响。
许多父母花大量的时间模仿孩子的发音和表情，尤其是在婴儿出生后的前几个月。
此外，婴幼儿很喜欢照镜子，因为他们能看到的镜子中的动作完全取决于他们自己的动作。
这并不是说婴儿已经意识到镜子里的人就是他们自己(这是后面的发展阶段)。
但是，Lewis和Brooks-Gunn(1979年)认为婴儿认识到镜子里的动作取决于他们自己的动作，这一理解的发展促使婴儿逐渐意识到自己与他人不同，因为正是他们、也只有他们才能改变镜子里的影像。
D孩子认识到自己具有主动的权力，他们获得的这种认识通过在游戏中与他人合作得到发展。
Dunn(1988年)指出，正是在这样的日常关系和互动中，孩子对于自身的认识才得以出现。
2024年9月雅思口语题库Preferences for Leisure ActivitiesWhich of the following do you prefer as a way to relax?A. Reading booksB. Watching moviesC. Doing outdoor sportsDream Travel DestinationsWhich place would you most like to visit for a vacation?A. A beach resortB. An ancient city with rich historyC. A mountainous region with natural beautyPreferred Learning MethodsWhat do you think is the most effective learning method?A. Group discussionsB. Self-studyC. Instruction from a teacherFuture Career AspirationsWhat kind of job do you hope to have in the future?A. In the education sectorB. In technological innovationC. In artistic creationViews on Environmental ActionsWhich environmental action do you consider to be the most important?A. Reducing plastic usageB. Conserving water and electricityC. Promoting eco-friendly transportationPreferred Social Interaction ModesWhich mode of social interaction do you prefer?A. Face-to-face communicationB. Interaction on social mediaC. Communication via phone callsHabits for a Healthy LifestyleWhich habit do you think is the most important for maintaining a healthy lifestyle?A. Having a regular sleep scheduleB. Eating a balanced dietC. Engaging in regular exerciseImpacts of Technological DevelopmentWhich aspect do you believe has been most significantly impacted by technological development?A. Teaching methodsB. Work efficiencyC. Interpersonal relationships。
詹姆斯访谈英语作文Title: An Interview with James。
Interviewer: Today, we have the pleasure of interviewing James, a renowned figure in the field of [insert relevant field]. Thank you for joining us, James.James: Thank you for having me. It's a pleasure to be here.Interviewer: Let's start with your background. Could you tell us a bit about yourself and your journey to where you are today?James: Certainly. I've always been passionate about [insert relevant passion or field], ever since I was a child. I pursued my interest by [insert relevant actions, such as education or experiences], which eventually led me to where I am today. Along the way, I encountered challenges and opportunities that helped shape my path andcontribute to my growth both personally and professionally.Interviewer: That sounds like quite a journey. What would you say has been the most defining moment in your career so far?James: That's a tough question, as there have been many significant moments that have shaped my career. However, if I had to choose one, I would say [insert specific defining moment] because it taught me [insert lesson learned or impact on career trajectory]. It was a turning point that pushed me to [insert action taken as a result], ultimately leading to [insert positive outcome or growth].Interviewer: It's fascinating to hear about your experiences. What would you say sets you apart from others in your field?James: I believe what sets me apart is [insert unique qualities, skills, or perspectives]. I strive to [insert specific approach or philosophy], which allows me to [insert advantage or contribution]. Additionally, I'mconstantly [insert relevant actions, such as learning or innovating], which keeps me adaptable and ahead of the curve in an ever-changing landscape.Interviewer: That's impressive. Now, looking ahead, what are your goals for the future?James: My goals for the future revolve around [insert overarching goals or aspirations]. I aspire to [insert specific achievements or milestones], all while [insert values or principles guiding those goals]. I see myself continuing to [insert relevant actions or initiatives], contributing to [insert broader impact or vision].Interviewer: Lastly, what advice would you give to those aspiring to follow in your footsteps?James: My advice would be to [insert sage advice or key principles]. It's essential to [insert fundamental principles or actions], but also to [insert additional advice or perspective]. And above all, never underestimate the power of [insert relevant attribute, such asperseverance or collaboration], as it often makes the difference between success and failure.Interviewer: Thank you, James, for sharing your insights and experiences with us today. It's been truly enlightening.James: Thank you for having me. It's been a pleasure.。
4月2日雅思考试真题回忆网友版
2016年4月2日雅思考试真题回忆（网友版）
下面是店铺整理的2016年4月2日雅思考试真题，提供给大家参考。
2016年4月2日雅思听力真题回忆
s1 热气球旅行咨询10个填空
s2 tutor对student 的assignment的comments and suggestion
s3 一个女的要做学术报告
s4 类似新闻出版的流程图
2016年4月2日雅思阅读真题回忆
s1 让顾客自己买单的商店
s2 净水系统
s3 游戏对人非但没有坏影响反而可以促进脑
2016年4月2日雅思写作真题回忆
小作文：四个国家07 08 两年的居民平均看电视时间，柱图下面标了annual chang 的百分比，三个国家正一个负
大作文：In multi-culture societies，a mixture of diferent enthic people，bring more benefites than drawbacks，to what extent do u agree or disagree
2016年4月2日雅思口语真题回忆
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2024年3月9日雅思小作文题英文回答：In my opinion, the most effective way to learn aforeign language is through immersion. This means surrounding yourself with native speakers and immersing yourself in the language and culture.Firstly, immersion provides constant exposure to the language. When you are surrounded by native speakers, you are constantly hearing and using the language in real-life situations. This helps to improve your listening and speaking skills significantly. For example, when I was learning French, I decided to spend a summer in France living with a French family. Being surrounded by native French speakers helped me to pick up the language quickly and improve my pronunciation.Secondly, immersion allows you to learn the language in a natural and authentic way. When you are immersed in alanguage, you have to use it to communicate and express yourself. This forces you to think in the language andhelps you to become more fluent and confident. For instance, when I was learning Spanish, I joined a local salsa dance class where I had to communicate with the instructor and other dancers in Spanish. This not only improved mylanguage skills but also exposed me to the cultural aspects of the language.Moreover, immersion provides opportunities to learn colloquial expressions and idioms that are commonly used by native speakers. These expressions and idioms are often not taught in textbooks or language courses, but they are essential for understanding and communicating effectively. For example, when I lived in England for a year, I learned phrases like "Bob's your uncle" and "it's raining cats and dogs" which are commonly used in everyday conversations.中文回答：在我看来，最有效的学习一门外语的方法是通过沉浸式学习。
2019年雅思写作模拟试题：记者的品格雅思大作文题目：We can get knowledge from news, but some people think we can't trust the journalist, what do u think? And what do you think is the important qualities that a journalist should have?雅思大作文高分范文：Nowadays,the journalists are losing the prestige in the public because fewer peopletrust them. In my opinion, this trend is caused by some ill behaviors of them.The reasons and the good qualities of a journalist will be presented as below.Ihave to concede that a large proportion of journalists are under the standardsof journalism ethics, which leads to the public concerns of the qualities ofnews in media. Firstly, with the great convenience provided by the Internet,journalists can have an easy access to acquiring all kinds of information. Someof them then begin to repetitively copy or reproduce the news report fromcertain websites only by clicking the mouse in the office, instead of goingoutside for practical research. That is to say, these journalists are too lazyto write the original and in-depth news reports.Inaddition, the lack of responsibility among journalists also contributes to thenews crisis. For example, some of them write and report news by depending onunreliable information sources, so that1newspapers and TVs are full of datamistakes and lies. Moreover, influential media are viewed as rumormongers,because they spread false news of natural disasters, social epidemics orterrorist attacks, incurring unnecessary panics in the public. The mostworrying aspect is news objectiveness. In many cases of news crimes, bribednews editors cover and twist the truth of social issues, which misleads thepublic judgment, as well as damages the equity and democracy of social media.Inorder to recover the faith and confidence of audience for news media, many goodstandards of journalist should be built up and tested. Firstly, journalistsshould have the professional dedication, which means a strong willing to gointo the frontline of events, and make efforts of exploring and collecting thefirsthand news materials. By this way, the high values of news reports can beensured.Secondly,high-level work moralities are a must, including honesty, integrity, andlaw-abiding awareness. These traits can improve the immunity of news practicesfrom the lure of money. Besides, journalists should learn to give the priorityto the social benefits, over the individual media benefits. In other words,what they report on media should be accurate, objective and accountable, ratherthan publishing untrue news only for attracting more audience.Inconclusion, there are many reasons why massive news media2become more untrustfulin the public, mainly including the loss of work passion and obligation. Forthe purpose of curing these ill journalists, some good qualities should becultivated and encouraged, like the dedication, righteousness and carefulness.(429 words)3。
mbti外刊精读-回复Title: The MBTI Framework in Foreign PublicationsIntroduction:The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) has gained significant popularity worldwide as a psychological tool for understanding personality preferences and behavior. This article aims to provide a step-by-step analysis of various aspects of the MBTI framework, as discussed in foreign publications.1. Brief Overview of the MBTI:The MBTI categorizes individuals into 16 different personality types based on four dichotomies: extraversion (E) vs. introversion (I), sensing (S) vs. intuition (N), thinking (T) vs. feeling (F), and judging (J) vs. perceiving (P). The purpose of this framework is to help people understand themselves better and appreciate the differences in others' personalities.2. Validity and Reliability:Foreign publications often explore the validity and reliability of the MBTI. Research studies conducted around the world provide evidence of moderate reliability and validity, suggesting that while the MBTI offers valuable insights, it should be treated as a tool for self-reflection rather than an all-encompassing, definitive assessment.3. Application in Career Guidance:One of the most prominent uses of the MBTI is in career guidance. Foreign publications highlight the utility of identifying one's personality type to make informed career choices. For example, individuals with high extraversion may excel in team-based roles, while introverts might thrive in independent settings. These publications provide case studies and guidelines for effectively utilizing MBTI results in career counseling.4. Compatibility in Relationships:Another topic often explored in foreign publications is the role of MBTI in relationships. By understanding their own personality types and those of their partners, individuals can navigatepotential conflicts better. For instance, an introverted individual may appreciate their extroverted partner's need for social interaction, leading to improved communication and compromise.5. Leadership Styles and Organizational Culture:Foreign publications also delve into the impact of different personality types on leadership styles and organizational culture. For example, individuals with a preference for thinking may approach decision-making objectively and logically, while those with feeling preferences may prioritize interpersonal relationships. These publications discuss strategies for leaders to adapt their management style to accommodate diverse personality types.6. Criticisms and Limitations:Foreign articles often assess the criticisms and limitations of the MBTI framework. Common criticisms include the reliance on self-reported responses and the potential for respondents to answer based on societal expectations rather than their true preferences. Publications also highlight the importance of remembering that personality types are not fixed and may change over time.7. Cross-Cultural Considerations:The MBTI framework was developed in the Western world, and foreign publications explore its applicability across different cultures. They highlight the need for cultural sensitivity and adaptations when using the MBTI in non-Western contexts. These publications provide examples of cultural variations in expressing personality preferences and emphasize the importance of recognizing and respecting these differences.Conclusion:Foreign publications on the MBTI framework provide valuable insights into its applications and limitations in various domains. By thoroughly examining its validity and reliability, career guidance, relationship dynamics, leadership styles, and cross-cultural considerations, these articles contribute to an enhanced understanding and utilization of the MBTI. It is crucial to approach the MBTI as a tool for self-reflection rather than a rigidcategorization system to fully appreciate its potential benefits.。
雅思对选秀节目的态度英语作文English:The attitude of IELTS towards talent shows is a topic that ignites debate among test-takers. While some argue that watching talent shows can improve listening skills and vocabulary, others believe that these programs promote superficial values and unhealthy competition. It is important to critically analyze the impact of talent shows on society. On one hand, talent shows provide a platform for individuals to showcase their skills and talents, which can be inspiring and entertaining for viewers. Additionally, these shows can help discover hidden talents and give aspiring artists a chance to pursue their dreams. However, the emphasis on glamour and fame in talent shows can also perpetuate unrealistic standards and materialistic values, leading to a culture of instant fame and overnight success. In conclusion, while talent shows can have positive outcomes, it is essential to approach them with a discerning eye and consider the broader implications they may have on society.Translated content:雅思对选秀节目的态度是一种在考生中引发争议的话题。
雅思考官解读雅思阅读考试无数雅思考生一看到阅读就眉头紧锁，不知如何与那二十六个小蝌蚪样的文字的各种排列组合打交道。
几乎所有考生在刚开始了解阅读科目时都曾大呼：为何要这般为难我们！且看来自雅思考试官方网站上的描述：The Reading test takes 60 minutes. There are 40 questions，based on three reading passages with a total of 2，000 to 2，750 words. Texts are taken from magazines，journals，books，and newspapers. All the topics deal with issues which are accessible to candidates entering undergraduate or postgraduate courses or seeking professional registration. At least one text contains detailed logical argument.60分钟、40道题、总共约2 750词的阅读量；文章来自杂志、报纸等原版刊物；相当于大学或研究生水平的阅读文章难度描述；3篇文章中至少1篇为议论文。
再加上：阅读文章内容涉及自然科学、人文科学、历史、建筑、生物等；要拿到6分以上的成绩必须保证做对24题以上。
在官方公布的10大题型中，50%以上为杀手题型，错误率极高！仅是这些，就足够让一个刚刚涉足雅思领域的考生心生畏惧。
然而，阅读真是那样坚不可摧吗？考试主办方是否真的要为难中国考生呢？1.刻意刁难？大摆迷魂阵？这样考阅读到底是为什么？1学员参加雅思考试的目的多为过语言关，为将来进入海外高等院校打基础。
在English－speaking countries中，学校通常会采用能够培养学员主动探索学习的方法。
读外刊学雅思--A brief survey of James Joyce’s short storyJames Joyce wrote just one collection of short stories, but it ranks amongthe finest in world literature. His influence on the form is as great as that ofhis near-contemporary Anton Chekhov. Between them their innovations(革新) –informed most discernibly(明显地=obviously, noticeably, conspicuously), in Joyce’scase, by Ibsen, French symbolist poetry and the Irishman George Moore – have influenced nigh-on(几乎=nearly; almost) every short story writer of the last 100 years.Dubliners (《都柏林人》，乔伊斯的短篇小说集), a work of what Terence Brown has called“embryonic(萌芽的) modernism”, pushed the short story collection into new areas.Its 15 stories function perfectly well in isolation, but reading each as part ofa whole creates unique effects.(它的15篇小说单篇读完美无缺，但若将每篇都读作某个整体的一部分，则会产生独特的效果。
)Their themes, concerns and meaningsoverlap(交叉) and reverberate(回响). Most obviously, all 15 stories take place inDublin. Secondly, they are ordered so that the book charts life “under”, as Joyce explained, “four of its aspects: childhood, adolescence, maturity and public life.” From this grounding, a range of experience is explored: love, marriage, employment, politics, religion and death. Deeper within thissuperstructure subtler(更微妙的) patterns occur; concealed associations that mightor might not be detected by the reader: Joyce’s signposting(路标) is subtle, oftento the point ofobscurity(模糊不清).(在这个大结构下面还有更加微妙的模式，暗藏着各种联系，读者也许能发现，也许不能发现：乔伊斯设置的路标非常微妙，经常到让人看不清楚的地步。
)Joyce called these stories “epiclets”(小史诗). He wrote them in Dublin, Zurich,Pola, Rome and Trieste between 1903 and 1907, but publishers’ concerns abouttheir content meant Dubliners didn’t appear until 1914. Discussing the storiesin letters, Joyce wrote that “My intention was to write a chapter of the moralhistory of my country and I chose Dublin for the scene because that city seemedto me the centre of paralysis(瘫痪).”For Joyce, “paralysis” represents a moral failure resulting in the inabilityto live meaningfully. (对乔伊斯而言，“瘫痪”意味着精神崩溃，导致不能在生活中找到意义。
) It appears on the firstpage of the first story, “Two Sisters”, in a sentence that offers a key to thewhole book:“Every night as I gazed up at the window I said softly to myself the wordparalysis. It had always sounded strangely in my ears, like the word gnomon inthe Euclid and the word Simony in the Catechism.”Here the “paralysis” is both literal, in the case of a dying priest after histhird stroke, and moral: “Simony” takes aim at the Catholic church’s corruptingstranglehold on Irish society (culminating in the gleefully satirical Grace);“gnomon” is somewhat different, being more about form than content (a gnomon isa parallelogram with a section removed, as well as the shadow-casting part of asundial). The word is a cryptic(神秘的) warning to the reader that these storiescontain many absences, not least traditional plot, character andscene-setting.These absences are part of what Joyce referred to as the style of “scrupulousmeanness” with which he wrote Dubliners, meaning the frugality (节俭)he applies tolanguage, image and emotion. The approach has since become a type. As JoyceCarol Oates(欧茨，美国当代著名作家) has said, “the Joycean short story is immediatelyrecognisable as a sub-genre in which the directness of the prose and thesuggestive ellipsis of poetry are blended”. Few, however, can achieve what Joycedid with such sparseness. In Dubliners, as Lance St John Butler says, “the linefrom linguistic detail to narrative meaning is direct ... form is content; thelanguage and even the grammar of Dubliners are the stories’ meaning.”Through his language, most notably his mastery of free indirectstyle(自由间接引语), which confers the intimacy and inflection of first-personstorytelling on third-person narration, Joyce subtly lays the ground for each“epiphany”(顿悟): the moment, towards which each of these stories build, whenpointlessness gathers itself, however briefly, into something revelatory.(通过语言，尤其是对自由间接引语的大师般的应用，让第三人称叙述具有了第一人称般的亲密和内省，乔伊斯微妙地为每一次顿悟都奠定了基础：所谓顿悟，就是每一篇故事走向的那个时刻，各种无意义堆积到最后，变成某种启示。
)Themost famous of these comes at the end of “The Dead”, when Gabriel Conroyenvisions the snow that is falling all across Ireland that night. This momentunderlines Dubliners’ unique unity as a collection: read alone, as Florence LWalzl has noted, Gabriel’s epiphany seems something like “redemption”.Succeeding the 14 previous stories, however it is more “a recognition that he isa dead member of a dead society”. Indeed, with the line “the snow fallingfaintly through the universe ... upon all the living and the dead”, Joyceperforms a stunning inversion: now the frustrated, egotistical(自我的) Gabriel is“dead”, and dead Michael Furey, who loved Gabriel’s wife, lives on inmemory.It is no coincidence that this complexly patterned sequence should begin andend with stories –“Two Sisters” and “The Dead”– that have interchangeabletitles. Their endings are twinned, too. As David G Wright says: “[Two Sisters]begins with a boy standing in the street, looking through a dimly lighted windowand imagining the death of the man inside, while ‘The Dead’ ends with a manlooking out through a window towards a dim light from the street, reflecting onhuman mortality in general and on the account of a particular dead boy which hiswife has just related to him.” Having ranged across the city and its suburbs,Dubliners’ opening and closing scenes take place just a street away from eachother: like the circular wandering of the swindler Lenehan in “Two Gallants”,our journey through the paralytic stasis of Dublin leaves us – physically, ifnot intellectually or emotionally – right where webegan.(《都柏林人》描写了都柏林城及其郊区，其开篇和结尾的场景相距不过一条街而已：就如《护花使者》中那个骗子连罕在街上转圈一样，我们在都柏林死一般的瘫痪状态中穿行，结果又回到了出发的地方，不仅是身体上，也可能是心智上和情感上。
