英语毕业论文的开题报告

题⽬：Jane Austen's Views of Marriage Reflected in Emma 简•奥斯丁婚姻观在《爱玛》中的体现 1. 结合毕业设计(论⽂)课题任务情况，根据所查阅的⽂献资料，撰写1500～2000字左右的⽂献综述： 简•奥斯汀，1775年出⽣于英国的斯蒂⽂顿，是⼗⼋世纪末、⼗九世纪初英国⽂坛的⼀颗耀眼的明星，她以对乡村⽣活以及恋爱和婚姻习俗的略带讽刺的描写⽽。

简•奥斯汀对于中国读者来说并不陌⽣，《傲慢与偏见》是她的⼀部最⼴为⼈知的作品。

然⽽，她的另⼀部作品《爱玛》，在我国却还没有那么⼴泛的读者。

随着近年来原著，译本等的出版和推⼴，它才逐渐被越来越多的读者所了解。

简•奥斯汀终⽣未婚，但她的⼤部分作品都是以爱情和婚姻作为主题，这使得后⼈对她的婚姻观充满了好奇和兴趣。

《爱玛》就是以婚姻作为议题来展开情节，这也是作者对这部作品产⽣兴趣的主要原因。

作品主⼈公爱玛•伍德豪斯是居住在海博利村的⼀个很早熟的⼆⼗岁的姑娘，她虽然坚信⾃⼰会独⾝，但还是认为⾃⼰很有做媒的天分。

⼩说的叙述者⽤强调爱玛的好运⽓来介绍爱玛：“端庄、聪明、富有，家庭安逸、⽣性快乐”(Austen, 1981: 3)，爱玛“在世上过了将近⼆⼗⼀年，还没遇到什么让她烦恼或⽣⽓的事”(Austen, 1981: 3)。

但是叙述者也提醒我们，爱玛有点⼉“⾃⾏其是，性格中有点⼉⾃视甚⾼”(Austen, 1981：3)。

伴随着爱玛的错误和⾃我认识的发展，她对⾃⼰做媒能⼒错位的⾃信和她对爱的矫情的恐惧构成了⼩说的焦点。

奥斯汀曾预⾔爱玛会成为“⼀个除了我别⼈不会很喜欢的⼈物”(1981：1)。

但奥斯汀的⼤多数读者都证明她是错的。

以往对这部作品的分析研究⼀般可以归为以下⼏⼤类：研究⼥主⼈公爱玛的性格特征，爱玛的形象分析，该作品的主题，钢琴在这部⼩说中的象征意义，不同翻译版本的⽐较和与其主题相同的《傲慢与偏见》进⾏⽐较等。

英语专业毕业论文开题报告英文版英语专业毕业论文开题报告英文版ProposalTitle: A Study on C-E translation of Scenic Spots Introductions of Guangzhou from the Perspective of Eco-translatology Rationale and Significance of the Proposed StudySince the 21st century, along with economic globalization, transnational tourism also gets rapid development. China，as a big country with full tourist resource, with the successful hosting of the 20xx Guangzhou Asian Games, Guangzhou will usher in more and more foreign tourists. How to better convey the information in the travel material, how to best introduce Chinese culture to foreigners by Chinese tourism as more as possible, it is closely related to the translation quality of scenic spots introduction. Scenic spots introduction is an important way for the tourists to get tourist attractions information, proper scenic spot introduction can make the tourists to obtain the necessary background knowledge, deepen their understanding of the scenic spot culture connotation and good translation of scenic spots introduction. It can make foreign friends better understand Chinas culture, also good for the spread and communication of culture. To select the perspective of Eco-translatology, using the methods and principles of Eco-translatology to study the scenic spots introduction of Guangzhou, will have a lot to the guiding role of the English translation for the scenic spots introduction of Guangzhou..Literature Review (Background)Current researches on tourism translation are more concentrated on analysis of the translation of right or wrong,such as spelling missing errors, grammar mistakes, misnomer, encumbrance, expression repeated language, cultural misunderstanding existing in the tourist translation. Theoretical research from the macro level is still in its infancy. The deficiency of theoretical discussion directly led to the weakness of translation practice and cultivation of translation talents. In the study of tourism translation, there are more research on attractions name, signboard, scenic spots culture, scenic spots introduction and slogan and so on. Among them, for the study of scenic spots introduction, most domestic scholars study it from the perspective of the functional translation theory or skopos theory, but there are just a few people studying it from the perspective of Eco-translatology. According to Li Xiangwu, Chen ping(20xx), they take the translation of skopos theory as the guiding principle, then analyzed the scenic spots translation errors paradigm, aimed to improve the quality of tourist attractions in Chinese-English translation. Analysis is comprehensive. And ZhaiXiaoYi, she explored translation of tourist attractions introduction text from the perspective of the functional theories. Through the analysis of the text content and rhetoric of travel sites attractions introduction, she was tried to explain the enlightenment of functional theories for Chinese travel website text. The context was detailed, but overall, it still stays in text translation error analysis, and putting forward effective strategies. Eco-translatology is a new emerging interdisciplinary subject that makes the translatology mix with the ecology and mutual infiltration. Hou min (20xx), under the guidance of Eco-translatology, through discussing problems in the translational eco-environment of tourism translation in Shanxi, put forward the subjects of translation of tourism culturetranslation environment and internal adaptation and multidimensional response strategy, etc. Analysis is very detailed, but example is insufficient. Guo Fen (20xx), guided by the Eco-translatology, from the three-dimension transformation method of translation, the translator duty and afterwards punishing mechanism to explore the ecological translation theory guidance of translation of scenic spots introduction, it is very detailed, but not enough in-depth. In recent years, scholars studies in the tourism translation with the perspective of the ecological translation theory have been gradually increased, but under the perspective of Eco-translatology, the scenic spots introduction translation studies is relatively less. Scenic spots introduction can reflect a regions history and culture, good translation of scenic spots introduction will be better carry forward the Chinese culture. It can let the foreign friends understand China better.Research QuestionsWhat are the characteristics of the scenic spots introduction in Guangzhou Existing problemsCan the Eco-translatology have the guidance effort for the scenic spots introduction in GuangzhouMethodology and Data CollectionMethodology: First, field investigation, collecting data, and then under the perspective of Eco-translatology, doing the contrast analysis of the scenic spots introduction in both Chinese and English version.Data collection：The data collected to support the thesis are mainly from field investigation. The data will be chosen in the scenic spots introduction in Guangzhou. The data will be collected by photographs, some typical data will be picked out and classified and then illustrated from the perspective of Eco-translatology.Theoretical FrameworkEco-translatology: Professor Hu Gengshen argued and built a translation theory of adaptation and selection, the theory may be defined as a means of ecology of translation studies, think that the translation activities should through language, culture communication and three dimension transformation, its principle is multi-dimensional adaptation and adaptive selection, the best translation is integration to adapt to the selectivity of the highest translation.Outline/Organization of the Proposed Study1. Introduction1.1 Rationale and Significance1.2 Research Questions1.3 Research Methods1.4 Organization of the Dissertation2. Research Review2.1 Previous research on Tourism Translation2.2 Previous research on Chinese to English translation of scenic spots introduction.2.3 Previous research on Eco-translatology2.4 Achievements and deficiencies3. Theoretical Framework3.1 Eco-translatology3.1.1 An Overview of Eco-translatology3.1.2 Transaltion Principle and Method of Eco-translatology3.2 Applicability of Eco-translatology4. Case Analysis4.1 Analysis of the information with Eco-translatology in the process of Chinese to English translation of scenic spotsintroduction4.2 Take some examples to analyze the translation while applying the method of Eco-translatology4.3 Discussion5. ConclusionTentative Conclusion and Potential DifficultiesTentative Conclusion: The Eco-translatology has the guidance effort for the scenic spots introduction in Guangzhou.Potential Difficulties:1. Not familiar to the Eco-translatology2. Data collection will not be very easy and the example that can fit the theory will not be easy to find.ReferencesNelson, R.Winter,S.An evolutionary theory of economic change. Cambridge/London: Duck University Press,1982 Newmark, P.. Approach to translation. Oxford: Pergamon, 1982。

英语毕业论文开题报告范文模板(2)英语毕业论文范文析英式英语和美式英语的发展和差异摘要：英语现在已经发展成一个在全球范围内使用最广泛的语言。

英语作为英美文化信息的载体和表现形式，深深地烙上了英美独有的文化印记。

本文从英式英语和美式英语两种语言在音、形、意三个方面语言的差异追溯其变化原因。

通过比较英式英语和美式英语的差异，可以看出社会文化因素对语言的产生和流传有决定作用,并且通过分析英语的这两大变体，折射了英美的政治经济、社会生活、国家历史、地域文化、各自的文化特异现象等等。

由于英语本身具有词汇量大、包容性大、表达简洁的特点，英语语言的发展趋势将向着共同语与多样化并存的方向发展。

关键词：英式英语、美式英语、变化原因;发展趋势目前，世界上讲英语的有四亿多人，但作为第一语言，使用人数最多，地域最广的要属是美国和英国。

英语的形成，发展及使用范围也不尽相同。

英语正在成为一种全球性语言。

美国英语承传着英国英语的基本要素，十七世纪在美洲大陆得到了进一步丰富和发展。

由于美国本身、社会和生活的独特性，因此就形成了今天英式英语(British English)和美式英语(American English)。

本文将就语言的发展变化、变化原因、以及语言发展趋势进行阐述。

通过研究，我们从英式英语和美式英语的差异，可以看出社会文化因素对语言的产生和流传有决定作用，通过以上对语言发展的原因和特色的分析，我们可以认识到一些英美文化的特征，而认识和了解这些特征无疑能帮助我们更准确地理解英国和美国,而对英式英语和美式英语的这两大变体的研究也让我们对语言特别是英语语言的发展有了充分的认识。

一、语言的变化“语言总是随着社会的发展和人们生活方式的改变而不断变化。

”[1](16)语言在很多方面发生变化，比如在词汇、语音、语法以及语义等方面。

英语语言的发展可概括为三方面：“1.英语自身的发展，尽管美国仍沿用英语中的一些旧用法，但英语在英国本土得到了很大的发展。

开题报告英语怎么说开题报告英语怎么说在大学学习的过程中，开题报告是一个非常重要的环节。

开题报告是指学生在进行毕业论文或研究项目前，向导师和评审委员会汇报研究计划的一种形式。

那么，在英语中，我们应该如何表达"开题报告"呢？首先，我们可以使用"thesis proposal"来表示"开题报告"。

"Thesis"指的是毕业论文，"proposal"则是提议或计划的意思。

因此，"thesis proposal"可以理解为毕业论文的计划或提议。

这个词组在学术界非常常用，用来描述学生在论文开始之前向导师提出的研究计划。

此外，我们还可以使用"research proposal"来表示"开题报告"。

"Research"意为研究，"proposal"则是提议或计划。

因此，"research proposal"可以理解为研究计划的提议。

与"thesis proposal"相似，"research proposal"也是学术界常用的术语，用来描述学生在开始研究项目之前向导师提出的计划。

除了以上两种常用的表达方式，我们还可以使用"project proposal"来表示"开题报告"。

"Project"意为项目，"proposal"则是提议或计划。

因此，"project proposal"可以理解为项目计划的提议。

这个词组更加广泛，不仅可以用于学术界，还可以用于商业、科研等领域，表示对一个项目的计划和提议。

在开题报告中，我们通常需要介绍研究的背景、目的、方法和预期结果等内容。

英语专业本科毕业论文开题报告范文（最新）课题名称(中/英文)英汉习语翻译折射出的文化差异(the culture differences in the translation of English & chinese idioms)一、综述本课题国内外研究动态，说明选题的依据和意义2世纪9年代以来,我国语言学界对英汉语言文化对比的研究方兴未艾,不同层面,不同角度的全方位研究正在不断深入,其中,张培基的<<习语汉译英研究>>(1979)和胡文仲的<<英语习语与英美文化>>(XX)最具代表性.在国外,esl/efl习语习得研究已经逐步引起关注,理论研究方面以nida eugene a.(1974)的理论研究为主要代表.近年来,国内外有关英汉习语专题研究的论文也相继公开发表,为英汉习语的进一步深入研究奠定了基础。

意义英汉习语承载着不同民族的文化特色和文化信息，它们与文化传统紧密相连，不可分割。

习语中的文化因素往往是翻译的难点。

本选题以英汉习语为切入点，进行较为深入的文化对比研究，通过文化差异在语言系统中的积淀，反映一个民族的历史、宗教信仰、风俗习惯、思维模式等特征在习语上的表现，有助于学习者更好的了解和掌握英汉习语。

二、研究的基本内容，拟解决的主要问题本选题重在研究英汉习语折射出的文化差异，以及由此衍生出的英汉习语翻译方法的不同，理论说明与实例分析相结合。

难点如何从文化差异的角度归纳、总结英汉习语的翻译方法。

创新点将习语作为一种文化现象而非仅仅语言现象加以研究。

三、研究步骤、方法及措施引言文化及文化差异1文化的定义2文化差异的客观存在性文化与语言1文化与语言的关系习语1习语的定义2习语的范围和产生的原因3习语的比喻义4习语的引申义中西文化背景差异1思维模式差异2历史典故差异3宗教信仰差异4风俗习惯差异1英汉动物词的文化差异2英汉数字词的文化差异3英汉颜色词的文化差异英汉习语的翻译方法1直译法2意译法3增译法4音译兼加注法5代换法研究方法和措施本篇研究的主要方法是在选定课题后，从图书馆找出相应的参考书籍，结合所学课程的相关内容，最后在网上寻找更多更新的数据、资料和有参考价值的文献。

专业英语毕业论文开题报告范文选题的原因、基本内容：英语成语(idiom)是英语的核心与精华。

其内容丰富，寓意深刻，具有浓厚的感情色彩。

如果能在文章、谈话或对外交往中，恰当地加以运用，会大大增加语言的表达能力，收到良好的效果。

英语谚语是英语语言的精华，是英国艺术宝库的瑰丽明珠。

英语谚语的句式特点是句式简单，语言精炼，富于形象比喻，充满浓郁的民族色彩。

学习和研究英语谚语有助于启迪思想，开拓视野，了解英国的历史文化、风土人情，以及英国人民的人生哲理，同时还可以学到生动活泼的大众语言。

本文通过比较英汉成语及谚语这两种语言的相似及不同之处，详细的介绍英语成语及谚语。

第一部分主要从内容和形式两方面谈谈英语成语及谚语的基本特色;第二部分谈及英语成语及谚语的一般翻译方法和翻译时应该注意的一些问题。

相关资料收集情况：陈亚光。

小议英谚语和成语的创新。

上海外国语学院学报，1983。

黄粉保。

英汉成语翻译漫谈。

云梦学刊，1999/2顾雪梁。

语成语英译探索。

广州师范学院学报，1993/2。

张培基，喻云根，李宗杰，彭谟禹。

《英汉翻译教程》。

北京：中国外语教育出版社，xx/8杨永和。

英语谚语的修辞特点研究。

重庆工学院学报,xx/3。

论文提纲：thesis statemen：this essay discourse the features and translation of englishidioms and proverbs. and from the society culture to find out the basic different between chinese.outline. introduction: for chinese students, english idioms and proverbs is a stumblingblock. so the characteristics and translation of idioms and proverbs should be studied.. the characteristics of english idioms and proverbsa. the characteristics of english idioms1. simple but rich2. harmonious phonology3. vivid metaphorb. the characteristics of english proverb1. concise and clear2. symmetrical sentence pattern3. rich and varied rhetoric. the translation of english idioms and proverbsa. the theories of translation1. literal translation2. free translation3. mechanical application of the synonym chinese proverb4. literal translation and free translationb. the points of translation1. the literal translation of proverbs prohibited2. the translation of proverbs to keep the original text style3. the translation of proverbs to notice the national characteristic4. the translation of proverbs to notice the artistic characteristic . conclusion指导教师意见：指导教师签名：年月日。

毕业设计（论文）任务书学院外国语学院指导教师向玉职称讲师学生姓名刘军专业班级10英语6班学号1011011604 设计题目礼貌原则和合作原则在商务英语信函中的应用研究设计内容目标和要求（设计内容目标和要求、设计进度等）设计内容目标：论文以礼貌原则和合作原则在商务英语信函中的应用研究为题，结合礼貌原则和合作原则的定义和特点，研究这两大原则在商务英语信函中的具体应用,为提高外贸人员对商务英语信函的礼貌原则和合作原则的认识，增强他们写作商务英语信函写作的有效性而提供借鉴作用。

要求：1. 请按照任务书要求，积极与指导教师联系，如期完成各阶段论文准备及行文工作。

2. 在实施研究前查阅语用学，商务英语信函相关文献，找到充分的资料后再写论文。

其中字数要求:3500—5000英文词（正文).3. 论文包括以下内容：商务英语信函及语用原则简介;礼貌原则简介及在商务英语信函中的应用；合作原则简介及在商务英语信函中的应用。

论文应严格按照本科生毕业论文规范撰写,表达要清晰，结构条理清楚逻辑性强。

请于规定时间前完成初稿，并与指导老师联系，认真修改初稿,二稿，直至定稿。

设计进度:2014年1月5日上交开题报告2014年4月9日交初稿2014年4至5月论文修改2014年5月22日论文定稿2014年5月29日答辩指导教师签名：年月日基层教学单位审核学院审核此表由指导教师填写学院审核毕业设计（论文）学生开题报告课题名称礼貌原则和合作原则在商务英语信函中的应用研究课题来源自选课题类型BY 指导教师向玉学生姓名刘军学号1011011604 专业班级10英语6班本课题的研究现状、研究目的及意义研究现状：随着全球经济一体化进程的加速,商务英语信函在国际贸易发展中发挥着日益重要的作用。

商务英语信函引起了越来越多的国内外学者关注和研究，其领域涉及翻译、词汇学、语义学及语用学.国内的，如:吴金凤的《商务英语信函的特点及翻译》；黄雪芳的《商务英语信函的词汇特征分析》；武瑞的《商务英语信函中的语用策略研究》。

IntroductionThe purpose of this proposal is to outline the proposed research that will be undertaken for my graduation thesis. The topic of the research is the impact of technology on education and its effectiveness in improving student’s learning outcomes. The main objective of this study is to investigate the impact of integrating technology into classroom instruction and how it affects student learning outcomes.BackgroundTechnology has become an integral part of our daily lives and is increasingly being used in education. In recent years, there has been a rapid increase in the use of technology for teaching and learning. Teachers are using computers, tablets, and other electronic devices to deliver instruction to students. These tools have revolutionized the way education is delivered and have provided students with access to a wide range of information and resources. With the increasing availability of technology, it is important to investigateits impact on education and learning outcomes.Literature ReviewThe literature on the impact of technology on education is extensive. Many studies have examined the benefits of using technology in the classroom. The use of technology has been found to have a positive impact on student engagement, motivation, and achievement. One study found that students who use technology in their learning were more likely toachieve higher grades than those who did not use technology (Zhao & Frank, 2003). Another study found that technology-supported learning can lead to better learning outcomes than traditional classroom instruction (Jabr, 2013).However, there are also concerns about the impact of technology on education. Critics argue that technology can have a negative impact on learning outcomes. They suggestthat technology can be a distraction for students and can lead to a decrease in their ability to focus and retain information. Some studies have found that excessive use of technology can lead to lower reading proficiency and critical thinking skills (Twenge & Campbell, 2009).Proposed MethodologyThe proposed research will employ a mixed-methods approach that combines qualitative and quantitative methods. The study will be conducted in two phases. The first phase will involve a survey of teachers and students in a local high school to gather information on the use of technology in the classroom. The survey will be administered to a sample of 100 teachers and 200 students. The survey will include questions on how technology is used in the classroom, the effectiveness of technology use, and student outcomes.The second phase of the study will involve case studies of three selected high schools. The case studies will be conducted using a combination of observation, interviews, and focus groups. The case studies will provide detailed information on how technology is used in the classroom and how it affects student learning outcomes.ConclusionThe proposed research will investigate the impact of technology on education and its effectiveness in improvingstudent learning outcomes. The use of technology in education has become increasingly prevalent in recent years, and it is important to examine its impact on learning outcomes. The mixed-methods approach will provide a comprehensive understanding of the issue and provide valuable insights into the effectiveness of technology use. The results of the study will have important implications for the future of education and the use of technology in the classroom.ReferencesJabr, F. (2013). XXX 308(5), 22-25.。

商务英语毕业论文开题报告范本课题名称：礼貌原则和合作原则在商务英语信函中的应用研究本课题的研究现状、研究目的及意义研究现状：随着全球经济一体化进程的加速，商务英语信函在国际贸易发展中发挥着日益重要的作用。

商务英语信函引起了越来越多的国内外学者关注和研究，其领域涉及翻译、词汇学、语义学及语用学。

国内的，如：吴金凤的《商务英语信函的特点及翻译》 ;黄雪芳的《商务英语信函的词汇特征分析》 ;武瑞的《商务英语信函中的语用策略研究》。

国外的，如：Josephine Baker的Correct Business Letter Writing and Business English;Beam Brilliance的New Business English;Leech, S. 的Principles of Pragmatics等。

从这些论文著作整理统计来看，国内外学者对商务英语信函的翻译、词汇和语用的理论性研究分析的较多，将具体的礼貌原则和合作原则在商务英语信函中的应用研究分析的较少。

本论文选取礼貌原则和合作原则这两大原则并结合具体实例来具体分析研究这两大原则在商务英语信函的应用。

研究目的及意义：目的：随着世界经济和信息技术快速发展，商务英语信函已经成为对外贸易中不可或缺的重要组成部分。

商务英语信函是在商务环境下，利用信函与具有不同文化背景的客户进行国际交流的行为，它是一种行业英语，是开展对外商务活动的基础和重要工具，是最常用也最有效的通讯手段之一。

为提高外贸人员对商务英语信函的礼貌原则和合作原则的认识，增强他们写作商务英语信函写作的有效性，本论文对礼貌原则和合作原则在商务英语信函中的应用进行了具体研究。

意义：商务英语信函是建立友谊、吸引客户的手段，信函中灵活运用礼貌原则和合作原则是商务活动顺利开展的内在要求和取得商务交际成功的关键，是建立和睦合作关系的基础，因此，礼貌原则和合作原则在商务英语信函中的应用研究对商务英语信函的写作具有重要的借鉴意义。

南方医科大学本科毕业论文(设计)开题报告
[7].高继海，（2008），《呼啸山庄》的主题与叙事[J]。

外国文学研究，2008（30）。

[8].刘润清，文旭，（编），（2006），《新编语言学教程》。

北京：外语教学与研究
出版社。

[9].刘亚芬，（2007），《简爱》在中国的阐释：1917-1976[J]。

长沙大学学报，2007，
21（4）。

[10]. 毛姆，（1999），《毛姆读书随笔》，刘文荣译。

上海：三联书店，2000。

[11].孟祥莲，（2013），《呼啸山庄》叙事时间策略对文本意蕴生成的独特作用[MA]。

闽南师范大学，2013。

[12].彭念凡，（2012），从关联理论视阈探究《呼啸山庄》中的问题风格传译[J]。

前沿，2012（10）。

[13].孙树文，（2003），穿越时空的声音—试论《呼啸山庄》中的现代主义因素[MA]。

吉林大学学报，2011（8）。

[14].唐晓莉，（2008），《呼啸山庄》研究综述[J]。

廊坊师范学院学报，2008（24）。

[15].杨苡（译），（2011），《呼啸山庄》。

南京：译林出版社。

[16].张玲，（2006），对《呼啸山庄》的视角和语言的文体分析[MA]。

安徽大学，
2006.
[17].张云军，沈景奎，（2005），《呼啸山庄》多重主题的再阐释[J]。

长春工业大
学学报（社会科学版），2005（17）。

英语毕业论文开题报告范文模板题目：试论英汉语中含数字习语的翻译策略一、选题的背景与意义：(一)选题的背景：英语和汉语均是世界上历史悠久的语言之一，它们在长期的发展中积淀了大量的习语，其中包括含数字的习语。

数字习语是指含有基数词和序数词的习语，是习语中不可或缺的一部分。

在英语和汉语中，含数字的习语都占据了重要地位。

随着21世纪经济全球化的快速推进，各国间文化的交流与合作也空前的多了起来，英汉习语研究领域也相应地出现了新的气象。

作为英汉习语的重要组成部分，含数字的习语也成了中外学者着力研究的对象之一。

越来越多的专家学者对含数字习语的翻译进行了大量而广泛的探讨与研究。

1.国外研究现状国外对含数字习语的研究相对较少，但对习语的研究大致可分为三个阶段。

早期的习语研究通常以L. P. Smith于1925年发表的《词与习语》(Words and Idioms)一书作为开始。

他探讨了习语的来源与结构，根据习语的意象进行分类，并指出习语的基本特征：习语的意义不是它组成词的意义的总和。

他指出：&ldquo;习语的含义是不透明的，可以用来表达决心，愤怒，谩骂的内心情感，体现了英语词汇在习语中的巧妙用处&rdquo; 。

从20世纪30年代到50年代，以结构主义理论为基础，C. F. Hockett强调了语境在识别和解释习语中的重要地位，解释了习语的深层结构和语义特征，使得习语的定义开始走向规范化。

到了20世纪60年代，具有整体性、凝固性的习语受到Chomsky 生产语法理论的影响，其研究陷入了僵局，但始终没有停止。

直到以B. Fraser为代表的语言学家提出了习语固定性等级理论，承认习语的固定性，但认为习语仍具有转换潜力，习语的研究再次得到了关注。

从20世纪80年代开始，习语的研究进入了一个新阶段。

语言学家们开始探讨习语在交际活动中所起的作用，开辟了习语在交际环境里的功能研究，更具有现实意义。

其中研究成果最为突出的是澳大利亚语言学家C. Fernando，她的代表作为《习语与习语特征》(Idioms and Idiomaticity)。

英语毕业论文选题英语开题报告英汉翻译方向On Foreignization and Domestication of Cultural Factors in Translation (浅谈翻译中文化因素的异化和归化)On Treatment of Cultural Factors in Translation (翻译中文化差异的处理方法)On English Translation of Public Signs in Chinese (汉英公示语的翻译)On Translation of English Names of Commendation (英语商品名称的翻译)The relationship between Cultural Difference and Translation Skill 中英文化差异与翻译技巧An Approach to the Translation of Poetic Image诗歌翻译的意象问题探讨A Study of the Chinese Version of Titles of English Films英语电影片名汉译研究A Study of the Chinese Version of Titles of English Novels英语小说题目的汉译问题A Comparative Study of the English Version of the Poem “ Untitled “ by Li Shangyin李商隐的诗〈无题〉的英译比较研究Foreignization and Translation of IdiomsOn Culture Translation under ForeignizationOn Faithfulness in TranslationOn Fidelity and Expressiveness in TranslationInterpreting and Interpreting SkillsOn Literal Translation and Free TranslationThe Comparison and Translation of Chinese and English IdiomsEquivalence and its Application in TranslationCultural Equivalence in TranslationLearning a Foreign Language Through TranslationArts in Verse TranslationA Comparative Study of Two English Version of Hong Lou MengOn Translating the Passive VoiceOn the Translation of English Long SentencesThe Social and Cultural Factors in Translation PracticeThe Application of Functional Equivalence in English and Chinese Cross-cultural TranslationExploring English-Chinese Audiovisual TranslationOn Chinese Translation of Journalistic EnglishOn the Criteria of InterpretationOn the Unit of TranslationThe Cultural Differences and Arts of Translation in Advertising LanguageOn Transformation between Parts of Speech in E-C TranslationExploring Substitution and Ellipsis in TranslationOn English Proverbs TranslationOn the Criteria of TranslationThe Analysis of Translation StyleCultural Differences and Translation StrategiesTranslation and Foreign Language YeachingChinglish in C-E YranslationA Contrastive Study of English and Chinese Allusions and their TranslationEnglish Neologisms in Newspaper and their TranslationOn Translation of Humor in Pride and PrejudiceOn Features of Journalistic English and its TranslationCultural Discrepancies and their Influences on TranslationEnglish and Chinese Translation Song lyricsTranslation of Address Term between English and ChineseOn the Importance of Context in TranslationOn the Translation of English Pun into ChineseThe Role of Dictionary in TranslationThought Pattern and its Influence on TranslationLexical Characteristics of Legal English and Legal Lexicon TranslationFeatures of Foreign Trade English and its Translation Model On Euphemism TranslationTranslation of Metaphor from English into ChineseFeatures of Tourism English and its Translation翻译中的文化因素影视字幕翻译的原则影响长句翻译的因素例析英译汉中形象语言的处理生活中广告英语的翻译特色对翻译原则“以信为本，求真求美”的思考翻译中的中国英语与中国式英语南昌旅游景点中英翻译错误及纠错对策背景知识在口、笔译中所扮演的角色分析商务英语翻译的不对等性英美文学The Gift of Magi and ConsumensmA Brief Comment on An American TragedyAn Analysis of the Source of Dichson's Death PoemsOn The Call of the WorldLove Tragedy and War—An Analysis of A Farewell to Arms Sister Carrie and Jennie GerhardtThe Evil of Mankind Portayed in Moby DickOn Henry Heming in The Red Badge of CourageEmily Dickingson and her PoemsAnalysis of A Rose of EmilyThe Aesthetic Interpretation of Ezra Pound's PoetrySymbolism in The Great Gatsbyan Analysis of the theme of adventures of Huckleberry Finn On the symbolism of The Old Men and the SeaSome English Learner’ image of America(survey and study) Influence of the Bible on English LiteratureDeviation and Foregrounding in … (using literary works for a case study)The Language of Shakespeare’s Sonnets，or of any particular literary worksCultural Shocks in the English Language TextbooksDeep Love And Deep Hate—A Brief Analysis On Wuthering HeightsPsychological Descriptions In Hemingway’s The Snows Of KilimajaroOn Ernest Hemingway And His Novel The Sun Also RisesDifference Between China And The West Reflected In Social Manners鸟的赞歌--------评英国浪漫派诗歌《呼啸山庄》的悲剧分析海明威英汉形象和冰山风格《名利场》的现实意义苔丝的形象分析哈姆雷特的犹豫再探讨爱伦坡小说的艺术创作成就爱伦坡小说人物塑造O Neill剧作对美国戏剧的影响华兹华斯的语言风格华兹华斯的自然观诗人哈代简述哈代的悲剧性叙事艺术On Hardy's tragedy narrative art 奥斯丁与勃朗特写作风格异同The comparison between Austen and Bronte in writing style杰克·伦敦(或某作家)《》(某作品)评述On Farewell to Arms of Hemingway浅析《失乐园》中撒旦的形象塑造《还乡》的悲剧艺术特色蓓基形象再解读蘩漪与伯莎梅森的比较研究爱玛形象的魅力海明威研究——浅析海明威笔下的女硬汉子《苔丝》的悲剧性与现代性 Tragedy and Modernity in Tess of D’Urbervilles华兹华斯诗歌的和谐观On the View of Harmony in Wordsworth’s Poetry海明威小说的悲剧意识从《老人与海》看海明威的创作特点《红色英勇勋章》的叙述技巧分析论《白鲸》的象征含义论吴尔夫的《1间自己的房间》中的女权主义论简。

欧亨利开题报告英语论文-欧亨利短篇小说中的人物形象分析附表6：本科毕业设计(论文)开题报告课题名称：欧亨利短篇小说中的人物形象分析系别：专业：英语教育指导教师：作者姓名：一、综述本课题国内外研究动态，说明选题的依据和意义欧·亨利（o·hey,1862-1910）.美国著名短篇小说家。

欧亨利善于观察生活各个方面，其故事人物一般都是他寄予同情的小市民，情节颇多偶然巧合，结局往往出人意料。

国内外对欧·亨利的短篇小说的研究已经深入到了他的作品的各个方面，如欧·亨利小说的结构艺术。

象他的独特的小说结尾；他的小说的写作技巧与风格，象充斥于作品的字里行间的幽默与讽刺。

以及作品的主题社会意义等各个方面。

评论家弗门（h·j·forman）认为亨利“具备漠泊桑的技巧，而幽默上则远超过他。

”描写社会底层的小人物是十九世纪末和二十世纪初现实主义文学的一大特色，但从世界范围来进行衡量，象欧亨利在《四百万》中那样以明快，抒情的描写手法写出这些小人物的命运，写出他们的内心痛苦和快乐的小说实不多见。

更主要的是通过一些小人物命运的描写，在戏而不谑的讽刺和怒而不哀的揭露中，显示出作者对社会的抨击。

本选题将在国内外学者研究的基础上，着重探讨作者在短篇小说中所创造的人物形象。

在作者数量众多的短篇小说中，我们可以见到当时美国社会形形色色的人物：小人物、骗子、富翁等。

这些形象已有不少成为世界公认的艺术典型。

欧·亨利短篇小说中塑造的人物形象为人们认识十九世纪末至二十世纪初期的美国社会提供了生动而准确的形象材料。

二、研究的基本内容，拟解决的主要问题：欧·亨利是美国文学史上优秀的短篇小说家。

本课题研究的是欧·亨利短篇小说中塑造的人物形象。

作者写了许多故事，围绕虚假的掩饰，无情的欺骗，伪装的高贵等主题，塑造了众多栩栩如生的人物—贫穷但快乐的小人物，善良的骗子，阴险狡诈的富翁等等。

毕业论文开题报告英文Title: The Importance of Effective Communication in the Workplace Introduction:Effective communication plays a vital role in the success of any organization. In today's globalized world, where businesses operate across borders and cultures, the ability to communicate effectively in English has become increasingly important. This article aims to explore the significance of effective communication in the workplace and its impact on organizational success.1. The Role of Communication in the Workplace:Communication serves as the foundation for all workplace interactions. It encompasses verbal and written exchanges, as well as non-verbal cues, such as body language and facial expressions. Effective communication ensures that information is conveyed accurately, tasks are understood, and goals are achieved.2. Language Proficiency and Business Success:In today's interconnected world, English has emerged as the lingua franca of business communication. Proficiency in English not only facilitates collaboration among team members but also enables effective communication with clients, suppliers, and stakeholders from different countries. Organizations that prioritize language training and promote English proficiency among their employees gaina competitive edge in the global market.3. Overcoming Language Barriers:Language barriers can hinder effective communication, leading to misunderstandings and errors. Organizations must invest in language training programs to bridge the gap between employees with different language backgrounds. By fostering a multilingual and inclusive environment, companies can enhance communication and create a cohesive workforce.4. The Impact of Cultural Differences:Cultural differences can significantly impact communication in the workplace. Different cultures have distinct communication styles, norms, and expectations. Understanding and respecting these differences is crucial for effective cross-cultural communication. Organizations should encourage cultural sensitivity and provide training to employees to navigate cultural diversity successfully.5. The Role of Technology in Communication:Technological advancements have revolutionized workplace communication. Tools such as email, video conferencing, and instant messaging enable real-time communication regardless of geographical barriers. However, organizations must ensure that technology does not hinder face-to-face interactions and human connection, as personal interactions are essential for building trust and understanding.6. Effective Communication and Employee Engagement:Effective communication fosters a positive work environment and enhances employee engagement. When employees feel heard, valued, and well-informed, they are more likely to be motivated and committed to their work. Regularcommunication channels, such as team meetings, newsletters, and feedback sessions, promote transparency and build strong relationships within the organization.7. Communication Challenges in the Digital Age:While technology has improved communication, it has also brought its challenges. The constant influx of emails and notifications can lead to information overload and decreased productivity. Organizations must establish guidelines and encourage employees to prioritize and manage their digital communication effectively.8. The Role of Leadership in Communication:Effective communication starts at the top. Leaders must set an example by communicating clearly, transparently, and consistently. By providing a clear vision, setting expectations, and actively listening to employees, leaders can create a culture of open communication and collaboration throughout the organization.Conclusion:Effective communication is the backbone of a successful organization. It facilitates collaboration, enhances productivity, and strengthens relationships. By prioritizing language proficiency, cultural understanding, and technological advancements, organizations can create an environment that fosters effective communication and drives organizational success in the globalized world.。

【关键字】英语英语专业毕业论文开题报告格式及范文英语专业毕业论文开题报告格式及范文关键词：英语专业毕业论文开题报告格范文为进一步严格学术规范，加强指导教师对学生论文写作的有效指导以及减少学生在写作过程的盲目性，外语系特要求学生在论文选题和论文写作前期与指导教师保持联系，认真撰写开题报告。

外语系特对本届毕业论文开题报告作以下规定：I. 英语专业学生开题报告写作语言为英文（填写毕业论文登记表中“开题报告”用中文）。

II. 开题报告写作步骤为：1. Title （论文题目）2. Thesis Statement （中心论点）3. Purpose and Significance of Study （研究目的和意义）4. Situation of Study （研究现状）5. Difficulty of Study （研究难点）6. Detailed Outline （详细提纲）7. References （参考文献）。

III. 学生按规定时间完成开题报告后，指导教师组织小组开题并填写审核意见。

IV. 指导教师同意后，学生方可进行论文写作。

V. 本期末学生离校前须与指导教师见面，商讨下一步写作计划等事宜。

VI. 下期开学报到后小组长召集全组成员与指导教师见面，汇报论文资料收集或写作中存在的问题。

VII. 参考文献要求用APA格式或MLA格式。

VIII. 页面设置纸型：A4（210 X 297毫米）即宽度：21厘米，高度29.7厘米。

页边距：上1.8厘米、下1.35厘米；左2.2厘米、右1.8厘米。

装订线位置：左侧，装订线：0厘米，距边界：页眉1.6，页脚1.6。

每页：32行，跨度23.5磅。

外语系潼城大学外语系Tongcheng University(B.A. Thesis Proposal)论文题目：(英文题目在上、汉语题目在下)专业：指导教师：学生：班级：学号：日期：1. Title2. Thesis Statement3. Purpose and Significance of Study4. Situation of Study5. Difficulty of Study6. Outline7. References开题过程：论文小组长（签名）：日期：指导教师意见：指导教师签名：提高英语阅读速度的主要障碍摘要:本文从培养良好的阅读习惯和掌握科学的阅读方法等四个方面简要地介绍了提高英语阅读速度的技巧。

英文开题报告范文下面是一篇英语论文的开题报告范文，虽然不是特别好，但也反应了开题报告的格式和写法，有一定的借鉴价值。

function and application of descriptive translation studies1.introductionwill prove to be instructive not only for theoretical probe but also for applied translation practice. i will apply this descriptive method in the case study of this thesis.a convenient tool has been set up to conduct dts. “norm” is operative at every stage of description and explanation. function, process and product and their relationship as well are skeletal structure of what constitute descriptive studies. translation phenomena are accounted for with the help of norm.in this regard, my observations are limited to several aspects, i hope in-depth observation and explanation will done in light of dts.2.outline2.1.development and major concepts of dtsin this part i will describe holms’ basic map of dts and the relationship between function, process and product. i will also discuss some important concepts such as pseudo-translation, multiple translation, translationese, norm etc.2.2.methodolgyi will in this part discuss the methodology of dts before i apply the sameto the case study in this thesis with emphasis to be placed on semiotic approach and the concept norm.2.3.dts in contrast to other theoriesa contrast study will be conducted here with the objective to find the difference of dts from other theories such as equivalence theory and the chinese xin da ya criteria. some advantage will possibly be shown in this study.2.4.case studyin this part, translation of the dream of red mansions (also translated as the story of the stone) will be under investigation in light of dts. translation samples to be quoted here will be selected at random.2.5.conclusionbased on the above elaboration of dts and the case study, possibleconclusion will be on the advantage of dts in specific study of translation. suggestions on further research efforts will be made also.(note: while the topic will remain the same, the above arrangement of contents is subject to change in the process of writing.)篇二：英语论文开题报告范文例文英语论文开题报告范文例文论文题目the application and innovationof gothicism in wutheringheights一、选题的意义和研究现状1．选题的目的、理论意义和现实意义长时期以来, 人们视艾米莉?勃朗特为英国文学中的―斯芬克斯‖。