症状学Book1

这两天帮一个同学修他的Macbook Pro（2010年中，15 inch），费了好大劲，终于成功修好！在维修过程中有一些心得体会，在此分享给大家。

机器配置Macbook Pro，15 inch，2010年中CPU i5内存4G 双通道硬盘Seagate 320G系统OS X 10.6 Leopard && Windows 7 Ultimate问题描述本子刚拿来的时候，开机异常的缓慢，进入Mac OS X基本需要5~6分钟，进入Windows 7更加缓慢，需要10分钟以上，不知道是什么原因，而且据机主描述，在使用Windows 7的过程中，经常会无缘无故死机，卡死。

第一天维修过程遇到上述问题时，我首先想到的是，可能由于系统不经常清理，造成卡顿，或者系统出了一些小问题，所以打算给他重新安装一次Windows 7系统。

在Macbook Pro上重新安装Windows 7，需要在Mac OS下利用系统自带工具Boot Camp Assistant来为Windows 7分区，这些步骤网上都有讲解，在此不再赘述。

在删除掉Windows分区后，插入Windows 7安装盘（不插入Windows 7安装盘不允许分区），重新在硬盘上划分出300G给Windows（尼玛，你这么用MBP，为啥买苹果？！！！）。

结果问题来了，重启之后，发现在载入光盘中Windows 文件过程中，一直卡在Windows loading files进度条不动，第一感觉是可能分区有些问题（其实是光盘有问题），需要重新分区，因此又重复了上述过程一次，但是依旧如此，因此决定将Mac OS X也重新做一次。

第二天维修过程第一天晚上在晚上下载了苹果最新的系统OS X 10.10 Yosemite的dmg镜像文件，之后进入Mac OS，双击镜像文件加载，之后将安装安装文件拖到Applications文件夹，之后执行安装文件，等待安装结束，但是在系统重启之后，出现了问题，卡在进度条不动，整整等了一晚上，无奈只能关机。

语言学纲要学习指导书课后答案：第一章语言的功能三．思考题(指导书P15)1、为什么说语言是人类最重要的信息传递的手段？除了语言之外，人们还使用其他的信息传递工具：（1）文字、旗语、红绿灯、电报代码、数学符号、化学公式等辅助性的交际工具（2）体态语等伴随性的副语言交际工具，（3）盲文、手语等类语言交际工具。

但这些交际工具或者使用范围的有限，或者运用效率低下，或者使用频率不高，很难与语言这种交际工具相提并论。

文字记录语言，打破了语言交际中时间和空间的限制，在社会生活中起着重大的作用，中小学语文教学主要就是教学生识字、阅读、写作。

但是，文字在交际中的重要性远不能和语言相比。

一个社会可以没有文字，但是不能没有语言；没有语言，社会就不能生存和发展。

文字是在语言的基础上产生的，只有几千年的历史。

在文字产生以前，语言早已存在，估计有几十万年。

今天世界上没有文字的语言比有文字的语言多得多。

文字产生以后要随着语言的发展而演变，它始终从属于语言，是一种辅助的交际工具。

总之，在上述的种种信息传递工具当中，身势等伴随动作是非语言的交际工具；旗语之类是建立在语言，文字基础之上的辅助性交际工具；文字是建立在语言基础之上的一种最重要的辅助交际工具；语言是人类最重要的信息传递工具。

2、语言的人际互动功能表现在哪些方面？说话者在传递客观经验信息的同时，也在表达着主观的情感、态度和意图，寻求听话者的反馈。

而受话者在接收说话者传递的客观经验信息的同时，也了解了说话者的主观情感态度，从而做出回应。

这样语言就成为说话者和听话者间交际互动的工具。

例如：张三和李四同时在教室看书，张三坐在窗子边的位置，李四坐在中间位置。

A．李四说：“今天气温很低。

”B．张三说：“我马上关上。

”A、B的对话表达了一种委婉的请求。

李四说“今天气温很低”的目的并不是反映今天的天气，而是向坐在窗户边的张三请求将窗户关上。

3、为什么说思维离不开语言？思维需要语言（1）语言是人类思维的工具，思维活动必须用语言作手段（2）语言是保存思维成果的媒介。

1. The company may be reluctant to ________ too far from the basic terms of this agreement, but there are a number of things that are negotiable.A. deviateB. disconnectC. detachD. distract2. As manager of our computer department, I ________ your employee, John Doe, for the prompt and polite service he provided to us last week.A. commentB. celebrateC. claimD. commend3. Let us be exact in what we say so as to ________ any possibility of misunderstanding.A. replyB. alleviateC. precludeD. proclaim4. The company has been developing in a big way andis gaining ________ internationally.A. prestigeB. dedicationC. humanityD. persecution5. My usual feeling of respect, ________ with a little fear, had been replaced by the warmest concern.A. migratedB. matchedC. mingledD. melted6. The pill cannot cure a common cold, but it can ________ the symptoms (症状).A. aggravateB. alleviateC. medicateD. bypass7. As a small boy, Thomas Edison was slow ________ learning to read and write.A. onB. withC. aboutD. in8. His ________ to help the poor people earn him great prestige.A. dilemmasB. iconsC. endeavorsD. accommodation9. Due to the ________ domestic market, the business has to adjust its import and export policies.A. diligentB. tediousC. suspiciousD. slack10. He realized that it was difficult to ________ on this infertile land any longer.A. inhibitB. inhabitC. gatherD. retreat11. I suggest we put the scheme into effect, for it is quite ________.A. vulnerableB. probableC. practicableD. sustainable12. That part of the city has long been ________ for its street violence.A. responsibleB. illegalC. historicalD. notorious13. Under the guidance of their teacher, the pupils are building a model boat ________ by steam.A. hauledB. towedC. tossedD. propelled14. Rumors are everywhere, spreading fear, damaging reputations, and turning calm situations into ________ ones.A. vulnerableB. turbulentC. suspiciousD. tragic15. In spite of the ________ economic forecasts, manufacturing output has risen slightly.A. bleakB. feebleC. obscureD. shadowy16. Here he was stressing ________ his original principle that his unit should be used strategically.A. regrettablyB. forciblyC. graciouslyD. gravely17. The author was ________ by the audience's lack of interest.A. dreadedB. encouragedC. dismayedD. impressed18. The excuse was too ________ for the teacher to believe.A. subtleB. detailedC. feebleD. slender19. Each member of the alliance agrees to take such action as it ________ necessary, including the use of armed force.A. suggestsB. deemsC. requiresD. appraise20. The ball ________ two or three times before rolling down the slope.A. bouncedB. hoppedC. swayedD. escorted21. News media worked overtime to ________ the country as open and "ready" for all nuclear discussions.A. thrillB. transcendC. portrayD. spot22. We provided information to site administratorsabout typical functions of ________ library programs.A. samplingB. carefreeC. descriptiveD. exemplary23. Gemini (双子座) is an airy, intellectual sign, and your ever-active mind tends to ________ from one thought to another with dizzying speed.A. dartB. damnC. dareD. deal24. A soft evening breeze brought a ________ smell from the company sink.A. formalB. funnyC. foulD. fool25. We just go on in our habitual ways until we are stopped short by one of the many illnesses that ________ our civilization today.A. occurB. effectC. afflictD. exist26. At the time, I could not stand my________ schedule and I would always be envious of my friends who enjoyed the luxury of sleeping in.A. rigorousB. boredC. energeticD. powerful27. Just thinking about all the ________ I received about my dramatic weight loss, and the proud way my husband looked when we went out in public, made me feel that what I had done was worthwhile.A. criticismsB. skepticismC. complimentsD. achievements28. The situation could quickly develop into a ________ disaster if the world does not start paying attention to the plight of these people.A. anonymousB. humanitarianC. rigorousD. conspicuous29. Then you do believe in God, but you guess that I do not, and you fear that the admission of your true belief would ________ your chance of employment.A. jeopardizeB. contriveC. transformD. mount30. Mrs. Cummins, very ________ in her duties, watched the whole process with a sensitive eye.A. hopefulB. conscientiousC. modestD. fascinating31. All I wanted was a ________ log cabin in Maine, somewhere deep in the woods, to enjoy the night under the stars.A. enormousB. stimulatingC. cozyD. overwhelming32. Look, we're about to ________ the last and final stage of our academic careers together.A. live onB. believe inC. embark onD. save up33. The land is affected by a ________ and the cattle are dying fast for lack of drinking water.A. floodB. droughtC. premiereD. misery34. To promote particular organizational values, and encourage high levels of informal communication, the managers can attempt to lead ________ example.A. withB. toC. forD. by35. One reason that I may be the last person in Manhattan without a cell phone is that I ________ theexcitement of coming home and finding a call light flashing.A. thrillB. cherishC. abandonD. deprive36. The space shuttle Atlantis crew is scheduled to make their final landing around 6 a.m. Thursday also marks the 42nd ________ of man's first step on the moon.A. ceremonyB. occasionC. occurrenceD. anniversary37. He was a good public speaker and organizer and ________ with extraordinary energy.A. bribedB. supportedC. awardedD. endowed38. NBA officials thought it would put them in perfect shape to further ________ professional basketball.B. expandC. extendD. enlarge39. We wished to pay for welfare in a way that was less ________ on the poor without being massively destructive to the higher income groups.A. tolerantB. troublesomeC. burdensomeD. oppressive40. It will be noted that the improved visibility of this warning light does not completely ________ the increased tendency to make an error during the night.A. limitB. controlC. replaceD. offset41. Just as women now demand for themselves greater freedom to express different ________ of themselves, so too do some men, although not nearly so many of them.B. facetsC. spheresD. angles42. The trace that the rider will leave on the snow will be a ________ pattern.A. latitudeB. longitudeC. sharpD. zigzag43. After a week or two of ________ refusal, Alfred Cook made his debut performance late on Sunday January 15th.A. sensationalB. sensitiveC. selfishD. stubborn44. As the car disappeared from sight, he let out a ________ of frustration in agony.A. groanB. signalC. complaint45. In an effort to eliminate ________ fog from airports, weathermen use giant fans, and chemicals dropped from planes or shot upwards from strange machines on the ground.A. denseB. compressedC. concentratedD. closed46. The bread ________ is hard and green, though the same price as a week ago.A. in saleB. off saleC. upon saleD. on sale47. If the product does absorb moisture or ________ water, discard it.A. becomes full withB. becomes saturated withC. is saturated inD. is filled in48. The poor girl couldn't ________ from her tearsany more when her mother showed up.A. refrainB. withdrawC. holdD. withhold49. Recently a number of voluntary initiatives have sought to ________ a sense of belonging to the community on the part of young people.A. makeB. formC. takeD. foster50. The vast majority of people in any given culture will ________ to the established standards of that culture.A. confineB. conformC. confrontD. confirm51. If a policy does not ________ with a society's values, the likelihood of success diminishes.A. combineB. cohereC. coincideD. confirm52. Jack is so ________ to his appearance that he never has his clothes pressed.A. nervousB. adverseC. indifferentD. undutiful53. Among young people, women seem to be more ________ to the illness than men.A. likelyB. possibleC. proneD. common54. This chapter cannot claim to clear up the confusing ________ of approaches but it will offer some guidance.A. varietyB. arrayC. rayD. chain55. Somehow she rose over her excitement, though, and concentrated all she could on the task ________.A. off handB. with handC. at handD. before hand1-5 A D C A C 6-10 B D C D B 11-15 C D D B A 16-20 B C C B A21-25 C D A C C 26-30 A C B A B31-35 C C B D B 36-40 D D A C D41-45 B D D A A 46-50 D B A D B51-55 C C C B C。

研究生学术英语Building Your VocabularyUnit 1 Task 1Solitary: adj. 独自的，独立的；单个的；唯一的；隐居的n. 独居者，隐士；单独禁闭Scaffold:脚手架；框架Inscribe: vt. 雕，刻；题写，题献Contour: n. 外形，轮廓；（地图上表示相同海拔各点的）等高线；概要；电路Purport: vt. 声称；意图；意味着；打算n. 意义，要旨；目的，意图Wipe away:擦掉，清除；抹掉Contextual: adj. 上下文的；与语境有关的Axiomatic: adj. <正>公理的；不证自明的；原则的；格言的1.Nowadays, there are hundreds of insurance policise that purport to providecyber insurance coverage. 如今，有数百家保险公司声称提供网络保险。

2.Even modest price competition can easily wipe away a third or more ofoperating income if grocers use lower prices to win customers.如果杂货商用较低的价格赢得顾客，即使是适度的价格竞争也很容易抹去三分之一或更多的营业收入。

3.Oracle Mobile Cloud aims to provide a more contextual user experience,which enable s chatbots to switch seamlessly between unstructured conversation and personalised, structured data exchange.Oracle Mobile Cloud旨在提供上下文更相关的用户体验，使聊天机器人能够在非结构化对话和个性化结构化数据交换之间无缝切换。

炎症反应笔记定义：A complex reaction to injurious stimuli, that consists of vascular responses, migration and activation of leukocytes, and systemic reactions.炎症反应的中心环节是血管，其目的是消除损伤因子，清楚受损细胞或组织。

炎症和修复的关系：炎症反应试图：稀释，降解，中和和包围损伤因子。

炎症反应同时启动修复过程以修复受损的组织或细胞，或者形成瘢痕修复。

上述两种情况都可能造成对机体的损害。

炎症的分类：急性炎症，慢性炎症。

二者有时有重叠，且慢性炎症可导致新的急性炎症的发生。

急性炎症：反应迅速，持续时间短（几天到几小时不等），已渗出性（exudation）病变为主，主要的浸润细胞为中性粒细胞。

慢性炎症：持续时间较长，数年到数月，以增生性病变为主，伴有血管的增生和瘢痕的形成，主要的浸润细胞为淋巴细胞和单核细胞急性炎症VS慢性炎症（镜下）急性炎症：中性粒细胞浸润，组织间大量渗出液，组织间隙充血。

慢性炎症：单核细胞（细胞更多，核分叶）浸润，组织新结构破坏，纤维化更严重ps.渗出液VS漏出液渗出是炎症的特征性变化。

渗出—炎症局部组织血管内的液体成分，蛋白，炎症细胞通过血管壁进入组织，体腔，体表和粘膜表面的过程，称为渗出。

渗出液—血管壁通透性增加的结果。

蛋白含量高，还有较多的蛋白和细胞及细胞碎片，外观浑浊。

漏出液—单纯的血液循环障碍，血浆超滤引起。

蛋白含量低，外观清亮，所含的细胞和细胞碎片较少。

急性炎症基本特征：红肿热痛以及功能障碍。

红(redness，hyperemia）局部组织充血肿（tissue swelling）局部炎症性充血，液体和细胞成分渗出热（Local hypothermia fever）局部血管扩张，血流加快痛（burning pain）灼痛，渗出物的压迫和炎性介质的作用引起炎症的原因：病原微生物的感染——细菌，分支杆菌感染（TB），真菌，病毒，寄生虫外伤—机械，灼伤，辐射，电击，化学毒物。

《教育心理学》课程习题集西南科技大学成人、网络教育学院版权所有习题【说明】：本课程《教育心理学》（编号为11003）共有单选题,填空题1,名词解释题,论述题,简答题等多种试题类型，其中，本习题集中有[论述题]等试题类型未进入。

一、单选题1.著名的瑞士心理学家皮亚杰认为儿童认知发展的形式运算阶段是在（）A．0--2岁B．2--7岁C．7--11岁D．11--15岁2.埃里克森人格发展理论认为儿童人格发展的每一阶段都有一种冲突和矛盾所决定的发展危机。

比如12--18岁阶段阶段的危机冲突是（）A．勤奋感对自卑感B．主动感对内疚感C．自我同一性对角色混乱D．自主感对羞耻感3.目前研究男女智力的性别差异的基本结论之一是：（）A．男优于女B．男女总体水平大致相等C．女优于男D．男女总体水平，有年龄相等，有的则不相等4.依照桑代克的尝试--错误说，学习的基本规律有三：效果律、练习律和：（）A．准备律B．刺激律C．失败一成功律D．成功一成功律5.信息加工学习理论的创始者是（）A．斯金纳B．巴甫洛夫C．加涅D．苛勒6.哪个学习理论学派的学生观，强调引导儿童从原有的知识经验中“生长”出新的知识经验？（）A．完形一顿悟说B．认知一结构学习论C．信息加工学习理论D．建构主义学习理论7.成就动机理论的主要代表人物阿特金森认为避免失败者的目的是避免失败，减少失败感，所以他们倾向于选择非常容易或非常困难的任务。

当一项任务的成功率为50%时，他们会：（）A．可能选择B．犹豫不决C．回避这项任务D．坚决选择8.著名的耶克斯一多德森定律告诉我们，中等程度的动机激起水平对学习效果的提高：（）A．也是中等B．不利C．关系不大D．最有利9.学生的知识学习过程主要是一个对知识的内在加工过程。

它包括三个阶段，即知识获得、知识保持和：（）A．知识巩固B．知识运用C．知识提取D．知识迁移10.在教学中讲授“果实”概念时，既选可食的果实，又选不可食的果实（如棉籽等），这样才有利于学生准确地掌握“果实”概念。

学习部2013版必修课总结医学寄生虫学本册主编：11级临床四班武名政本册副编：11级基础班郑茜宁11级临床二班杨明子学习部2013版必修课总结编委会（按姓氏笔画排序）：王向熙王宇韦静涛尹露尹伊楠孙泽文李建坤刘星雨陈妮姗肖蓉心杨明子张旭林楚童武名政幸华杰郑茜宁周明新宗源洪鹏姚兰秋徐铌崔铭黄政翔梁静汝目录一、学科总介绍 (3)二、学习感想 (3)三、备考方法 (7)四、备考资料 (8)一、学科总介绍”——鱼艳荣老师【学习建议】掌握基本概念。

从寄生虫学的三大部分（原虫、蠕虫、昆虫）入手，掌握各类寄生虫的形态、生活史、致病、免疫、临床症状和诊断、防治等，其中生活史是最重要的，一些特征性的临床表现也要求掌握，每种病的病原学诊断方法应当掌握。

平时就应当反复复习记忆，切忌“临时抱佛脚”。

【复习备考】考试题型主要有填空、选择、名词解释、问答等，范围涉及基本概念、基本知识，另外还要学会进行归纳总结。

考试的题型、内容可以参考学习指导以及历年的考试资料。

【实习课】实习课不仅仅是学习知识的过程，还是培养观察能力和动手操作能力的课程。

提倡独立思考，学会与理论课所学相结合，理解记忆标本的特征。

在这个过程中，老师仅仅起引导作用，不提倡不加思考地直接提问。

实习可以锻炼敏锐的观察力，为将来临床打下良好的基础。

【推荐学习教材】1. 高兴政主编，医学寄生虫学（第2版），北京大学医学出版社2. 詹希美主编，人体寄生虫学（第2版），人民卫生出版社【学习网站】1. /diseases/parasites/default.asp 人体寄生虫网站2. www.dpdcdcgov/dpdx/HTML/Para_Health html 寄生虫与健康3. bornova .tr/~mkorkmaz/linkmk3.html 寄生虫学资源4. www.med :85/book/parasit-sta.html 微生物学和免疫学在线5. /index.asp 人体寄生虫学网站二、学习感想11级临床2班杨明子寄生虫这个名字通常都会给人一种非常不好的感觉，那种白白的软软的蠕动着的虫子……不过这只是寄生虫学习内容的一部分。

Traditional Chinese medicine (also known as TCM, simplified Chinese: 中医; traditional Chinese: 中医; pinyin: zhōngyī) includes a range of traditional medical practices originating in China. It is considered a Complementary or Alternative Medical system in much of the western world while remaining as a form of primary care throughout most of Asia.TCM practices include treatments such as herbal medicine, acupuncture, dietary therapy, Tui na and Shiatsu massage; often Qigong and Taiji are also strongly affiliated with TCM.TCM theory is extremely complex and originated thousands of years ago through meticulous observation of nature, the cosmos, and the human body. Major theories include those of Yin-yang, the Five Phases, the human body Channel system, Zang Fu organ theory, six confirmations, four layers, etc.0 RADITIONAL- CHINESE MEDICINE WITH A LONG HISTORY历史悠久的中国传统医学Traditional Chinese medicine ( TCM)has a history of several years. Its origin can be traced back to remote antiquity.In a long course of struggling against diseases, TCM evolved into a unique and integrated theoretical systcm of TCM. It is an important part of Chinese culture. More than 2,000 years ago, came out Huangdi's Classic on Medicine( Huang Di Nei jing ), which is the earliest medical classic extant in China. It consists of two parts—Basic Questions ( Su Wen ) and Miraculous Pivot( Ling Shu ), each comprising） nine volumes, each of which, in turn, contains nine chapters, totaling up to 162 chapters.The book gives a complete and systematic exposition to the following various subjects : the relationship between man and nature, the physiology and pathology of the human body, and the diagnosis, treatment and prevention ot diseases. It also uses the theories of yin-yang and the five elements to deal fully with the principles of treatment by 中医有着几千年的历史,起源可追溯至远古时代。

第一章语言的功能一、填空1、语言的功能包括（社会）功能和（思维）功能。

2、语言的社会功能包括（信息传递）功能和（人际互动）功能。

3、在各种信息传递形式中，（语言）是第一性的、最基本的手段。

4、人的大脑分左右两个半球，语言功能及计数、推理能力等由（左）半球掌管，音乐感知、立体图形识别等能力由（右）半球制约。

5、儿童语言习得一般经过（独词句）阶段和（双词句）阶段，这是儿童学话的关键两步。

二、判断正误（对）1、文字是建立在语言基础之上的再编码形式。

（错）2、当说话者陈述一个客观事实时，话语中不具有主观性。

（错）3、书刊上的话语不具有人际互动功能。

（对）4、抽象思维要以语言为形式依托。

（错）5、布洛卡区在大脑的右半球前部。

（错）6、聋哑人不会说话，所以不具有抽象思维的能力。

（对）7、不同语言结构的差异体现出思维方式的不同。

（错）8、汉语名词没有数的变化，所以汉语没有区别单数和多数的概念。

三．思考题1、为什么说语言是人类最重要的信息传递的手段？除了语言之外，人们还使用其他的信息传递工具：（1）文字、旗语、红绿灯、电报代码、数学符号、化学公式等辅助性的交际工具（2）体态语等伴随性的副语言交际工具，（3）盲文、手语等类语言交际工具。

但这些交际工具或者使用范围的有限，或者运用效率低下，或者使用频率不高，很难与语言这种交际工具相提并论。

文字记录语言，打破了语言交际中时间和空间的限制，在社会生活中起着重大的作用，中小学语文教学主要就是教学生识字、阅读、写作。

但是，文字在交际中的重要性远不能和语言相比。

一个社会可以没有文字，但是不能没有语言；没有语言，社会就不能生存和发展。

文字是在语言的基础上产生的，只有几千年的历史。

在文字产生以前，语言早已存在，估计有几十万年。

今天世界上没有文字的语言比有文字的语言多得多。

文字产生以后要随着语言的发展而演变，它始终从属于语言，是一种辅助的交际工具。

总之，在上述的种种信息传递工具当中，身势等伴随动作是非语言的交际工具；旗语之类是建立在语言，文字基础之上的辅助性交际工具；文字是建立在语言基础之上的一种最重要的辅助交际工具；语言是人类最重要的信息传递工具。

Unit 1 Book 3I. Difficult Sentences1. When we approach the notion of friendship, our first problem is that there is a lack of socially acknowledged criteria for what makes a person a friend.我们探讨友谊这个概念时，遇到的第一个问题是，没有社会公认的择友标准。

2. They take pleasure in e ach other’s company only in so far as they have hopes of advantage from it.只有当他们认为彼此有希望相互利用的时候，才会乐于呆在一起。

3. Friendship between the young is thought to be grounded on pleasure, because the lives of the young are regulated by their feelings, and their chief interests are in their own pleasure and the opportunity of the moment.年轻人之间的友谊常被看作是建立在愉悦基础之上的，因为年轻人的生活受感情支配，他们感兴趣的主要是自己的快乐和眼前的重要机会。

4. Only the friendship of those who are good, and similar in their goodness, is perfect.只有那些品德高尚而且拥有相似美德的人之间的友谊才是完美的。

5. And no two persons can accept each other and become friends until each has proved to the other that he is worthy of love, and so won his trust.只有当两个人互相证明自己值得爱并赢得对方的信任之后，彼此方能接受对方为朋友。