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美国警察暴力执法现象的由来作者：刘长煌来源：《现代世界警察》2020年第11期美国警察因暴力行为而声名狼藉，警察暴力致死事件比其他西方國家多得多。
据美国民间研究组织“警察暴力地图”网站报道：2016 年警察暴力致死了1071人，2017 年 1095 人，2018 年 1143 人，2019 年 1099 人。
2016 年，警察暴力致死了 574 名白人、266 位非裔、183 位西班牙裔、24 位美洲原住民和214位亚裔等。
美国人口当中大约 76% 是白人（2017 年为 2.34 亿），黑人占13%（2017 年为4800 万）。
据《华盛顿邮报》报道，截至2020年6月7日，美国警察在2020年已经开枪击毙了463人，比2019年同期增加了49人。
2019年度只有27天没有发生因为警察暴力造成人员死亡的情形。
该报调查发现，尽管新冠肺炎疫情使全美大部分民众不得不居家防疫，减少外出，但在5月份，美国执法机构依然开枪击毙了109人，不仅比去年同期增加三分之一，更是自有统计以来，执法人员开枪击毙人数最多的一个月。
从以上数据可以看出，美国平均每天至少有三人因警察暴力死亡。
一、美国警察暴力简史在美国南部，警务活动最早源于奴隶巡逻（Slave Patrol），从18世纪开始，白人志愿者组成奴隶巡逻队。
他们充当了南方第一支由政府资助的警察部队，主要职责是抓捕逃亡的奴隶，压制奴隶叛乱，处罚奴隶对抗奴隶主的行为等。
其执法手段非常残酷，埋下了警察暴力的种子。
1823年，斯蒂芬·奥斯丁成立了得克萨斯游骑兵（Texas Rangers），采用暴力、骚扰和恐吓的手段来保护白人殖民者的利益。
他们抓捕袭击白人定居者的土著居民，威吓墨西哥人离开他们的土地和房屋，以支持白人殖民地扩张。
在19世纪末和20世纪初，得克萨斯游骑兵支持并参与了多起法外处决和私刑事件。
1838年，美国在波士顿建立了第一个正式的警察局，到19世纪80年代，主要城市都设立了警察局。
《就像一块裹尸布》中的家庭暴力探析作者：董红云来源：《价值工程》2017年第04期摘要：本文通过研究安·佩特里的短篇小说《就像一块裹尸布》中的家庭暴力主题，指出造成男主人公“他”从一位疼爱妻子的丈夫一夜之间转变为家庭暴力者，主要原因是种族隔离制度下不公平的就业制度和种族歧视带来的心理压力。
作者通过施暴者形成过程的心理描写，目的是为了唤醒读者对社会制度的思考。
Abstract： This article aims at analyzing the domestic violence in Ann Petry's short novel Like A Winding Sheet， indicating the reasons that the male protagonist "he" turns from a loving husband to an abuser overnight are the unequal employment system and the psychological pressure from the racist society. Ann Petry describes the psychological formation of domestic violence in order to arouse people's awareness of unequal system in society.关键词：安·佩特里；家庭暴力；《就像一块裹尸布》Key words： Ann Petry；domestic violence；Like A Winding Sheet中图分类号：I210.6 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1006-4311（2017）04-0153-030 引言安·佩特里（Ann Petry， 1911-1997）是第一位作品销量超过一百万本的非裔美国女性作家。
美国的南北战争——黑奴解放运动的历程与影响南北战争是一次有着深刻影响的战争，这场战争的大部分历程都是以黑奴解放运动为主要的目的。
在战争之前，美国的南部地区是一个以种植业和劳动力为核心的经济结构，黑奴作为经济的基础扮演着重要的角色。
在这篇文章中，我们将探讨南北战争中黑奴解放运动的历程与影响。
一、南北战争之前的黑奴解放运动南北战争之前黑奴解放运动的历程可以追溯至1808年美国宣布废除奴隶贸易，但实际上在这之前就已经有了奴隶反抗的痕迹。
奴隶叛乱的影响特别大，造成了南部很大的恐慌，特别是在1811年路易斯安那州的维克斯堡反叛事件之后更加被重视。
在随后的几十年中，南部地区的黑色人口逐渐增多，奴隶制度也逐渐成为了美国社会的重要争议之一。
在1831年，弗吉尼亚州的奴隶牧师Nat Turner发动了一次有着重大影响的奴隶起义。
他袭击了背负武器的180多名白人，共杀死了55人，这次起义成为了美国被发布最严厉的反奴隶法之一，赢得了很大的关注。
1840~1860年间，美国的反奴隶化运动快速增长，以反对奴隶贸易为核心的运动赢得了全国的支持，奴隶制度在美国成为一个极具争议性的问题。
二、南北战争期间的黑奴解放运动南北战争期间，奴隶制度的问题逐渐成为我们国家的主要问题，矛盾开始加剧。
奴隶制度造成的种族歧视和社会分裂导致南北两个地区形成了很大的政治差异，而南部则开始逐渐走向分离。
在1861年林肯上任之后，南部州的退出和重大政治问题逐渐得到解决。
林肯的政策对于黑奴解放运动起着至关重要的作用。
林肯的解放奴隶宣言成为了一个具有重要代表性的文件。
林肯的解放宣言受到了广泛的关注，它为结束奴隶制度提供了一条路线，在很大程度上推动了南北战争的胜利。
解放奴隶宣言赢得了奴隶主地区的支持，逐渐加强了北部及黑人的声音。
随着黑奴解放宣言的发布，奴隶制度的废除也成为了全国政治议程的首位，林肯由此获得了南北战争期间的胜利。
三、南北战争后的黑奴解放运动随着南北战争的结束，美国奴隶制度得到了彻底的废除，但是黑色人口的问题并没有得到解决。
第1篇摘要：赵作海案件是我国近年来引起广泛关注的著名冤案之一。
本文通过对该案件的分析，探讨我国刑事司法实践中存在的问题，提出相应的改革建议，以期对我国刑事司法体系的完善和发展提供参考。
一、引言赵作海案件是我国刑事司法实践中一个典型的冤案。
2002年，河南省柘城县发生一起命案，赵作海被认定为凶手并被判处死刑。
然而，2009年真凶落网，赵作海被证明无辜。
这一案件引发了社会对司法公正的质疑，也暴露出我国刑事司法实践中存在的问题。
本文将从案件背景、审理过程、案件影响等方面对赵作海案件进行剖析，并提出相应的改革建议。
二、案件背景1.案件发生时间：2002年2.案件发生地点：河南省柘城县3.案件性质：故意杀人案4.被害人：赵振华5.犯罪嫌疑人：赵作海三、审理过程1.侦查阶段：2002年4月，赵作海因涉嫌故意杀人被柘城县公安局逮捕。
在侦查过程中，赵作海对犯罪事实供认不讳，案件迅速进入起诉阶段。
2.起诉阶段：2003年6月，柘城县人民检察院以故意杀人罪对赵作海提起公诉。
3.审判阶段：2004年5月，柘城县人民法院一审以故意杀人罪判处赵作海死刑，缓期二年执行。
赵作海不服，提出上诉。
4.二审阶段：2004年10月，河南省高级人民法院二审维持原判。
5.再审阶段：2009年10月，河南省高级人民法院依法对赵作海案进行再审，并宣布其无罪。
四、案件影响1.社会影响：赵作海案件引发了社会对司法公正的广泛关注，质疑我国刑事司法体系的公正性和效率。
2.法律影响：赵作海案件促使我国刑事司法实践进行反思和改革，推动了相关法律法规的完善。
五、案件剖析1.证据不足：赵作海案件的主要证据为口供，而口供具有不稳定性和不可靠性。
在案件审理过程中，法院未对赵作海的口供进行充分审查，导致冤案发生。
2.侦查工作存在瑕疵：在侦查阶段，警方对案件侦查工作存在瑕疵，如未及时收集、固定证据，导致案件真相难以查明。
3.审判程序不规范：在案件审理过程中，审判程序不规范，如未充分保障被告人的辩护权，导致案件审理结果不公。
吉姆克劳法案
这个形象成为了对黑人歧视的刻板印象典范，甚至也因此影响到了几代非裔美国人的命运。
吉姆克劳逐渐成为了对黑人的一种歧视性代称。
上世纪中期的种族隔离时代，黑人女性抗议“吉姆克劳必须失”。
不仅仅是歧视性代称，19世纪后期直到20世纪中叶，美国内战之后，美国诸多南方州制定了产生了大量的针对非裔美国人的种族隔离歧视性法案。
这些法案因此被统称为“吉姆克劳法”(jim crow laws)。
这些名为“吉姆克劳法”的法案是美国种族歧视制度的典范。
即使在林肯宣布废奴之后，这些法案仍旧是美国历史上相当黑暗的一面。
比如我们所熟知的“一滴血原则(one drop rule)”，即只要有一点黑人血统，就会被认为是有色人种；再比如在社会所有公共服务内，对白人和有色人种区别对待。
公交车、学校、铁路、餐厅、厕所、娱乐场所、乃至通婚等等，全面把有色人种隔离开来。
这些法规并不只是适用于非裔美国人，本土印第安人和亚洲移民，作为有色人种，同样也包含在被差别对待歧视之内。
没错，很多过去的华人移民也是“吉姆克劳法”的受害者(一处典型的种族隔离标牌，有色人种不能在同一处饮水，公共游泳池也只针对白人开放)直到二战结束后美国黑人民权运动兴起，最终在1964年约翰逊总统通过民权法案和1965年选举权法案通过，对美国少数族裔迫害了长达一个多世纪的“吉姆克劳法”，才
终于勉强结束。
持续了很长时间的“吉姆·克劳”这一黑人刻板印象，也彻底成为了历史。
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平权运动的例子英语作文Equality has been a fundamental human aspiration for centuries, with individuals and groups around the world striving to achieve fair and just treatment regardless of their race, gender, religion, or other identifying characteristics. Throughout history, there have been numerous examples of equality movements that have fought to dismantle systems of oppression and discrimination, paving the way for a more inclusive and equitable society. In this essay, we will explore three prominent examples of equality movements that have had a significant impact on the pursuit of human rights and social justice.The Civil Rights Movement in the United States is a prime example of an equality movement that has left an indelible mark on history. Sparked by the refusal of Rosa Parks to give up her seat on a segregated bus in 1955, the Civil Rights Movement gained momentum as African Americans and their allies mobilized to challenge the Jim Crow laws that had institutionalized racial segregation and discrimination. Led by iconic figures such as Martin Luther King Jr., the movement employed nonviolent tactics, includingboycotts, sit-ins, and peaceful marches, to demand equal rights and opportunities for Black Americans.One of the most significant achievements of the Civil Rights Movement was the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. This landmark legislation, combined with the Voting Rights Act of 1965, which protected the right of African Americans to vote, helped to dismantle the legal foundations of racial segregation and paved the way for greater political, economic, and social inclusion. The movement also inspired and influenced other equality movements around the world, serving as a model for how collective action and nonviolent resistance can bring about transformative change.Another powerful example of an equality movement is the Women's Suffrage Movement, which fought for the right of women to vote. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, women in many countries were denied the fundamental right to participate in the political process, excluded from the decision-making that shaped their lives. The Women's Suffrage Movement, led by trailblazers such as Susan B. Anthony, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, and Emmeline Pankhurst, challenged these patriarchal structures and demanded the recognition of women as equal citizens.The movement employed a range of tactics, from peaceful protests and lobbying to more confrontational actions such as hunger strikes and civil disobedience. In the United States, the passage of the 19th Amendment to the Constitution in 1920, which granted women the right to vote, was a pivotal moment in the struggle for gender equality. Similarly, in the United Kingdom, the Representation of the People Act of 1918 and the Representation of the People (Equal Franchise) Act of 1928 marked the culmination of the Women's Suffrage Movement's efforts to secure the franchise for women.The impact of the Women's Suffrage Movement extended beyond the right to vote, as it also challenged traditional gender roles and societal expectations. By asserting their political agency, women were able to advocate for a range of issues, from reproductive rights and economic opportunities to representation in leadership positions. The movement's legacy continues to inspire and inform contemporary feminist movements that seek to address ongoing inequalities and injustices faced by women around the world.The LGBTQ+ Rights Movement is a more recent example of an equality movement that has made significant strides in securing civil liberties and social acceptance for individuals of diverse sexual orientations and gender identities. Historically, LGBTQ+ individuals have faced widespread discrimination, criminalization, and social stigma, with many countries and communities actively suppressingor denying their fundamental human rights.The LGBTQ+ Rights Movement emerged in the mid-20th century, with the Stonewall Riots of 1969 in New York City serving as a pivotal moment that galvanized the fight for LGBTQ+ equality. In the decades that followed, LGBTQ+ activists and their allies have advocated for the decriminalization of homosexuality, the recognition of same-sex partnerships and marriages, the protection of LGBTQ+ individuals from discrimination, and the inclusion of LGBTQ+ narratives and experiences in mainstream discourse.The movement has achieved remarkable successes, with numerous countries around the world legalizing same-sex marriage and enacting anti-discrimination laws that protect LGBTQ+ individuals. The increased visibility and representation of LGBTQ+ individuals in media, politics, and various sectors of society have also helped to challenge societal prejudices and foster greater acceptance and understanding. However, the struggle for LGBTQ+ equality is far from over, as many LGBTQ+ individuals continue to face discrimination, violence, and marginalization in various parts of the world.These three examples of equality movements – the Civil Rights Movement, the Women's Suffrage Movement, and the LGBTQ+ Rights Movement – demonstrate the power of collective action andthe transformative potential of grassroots activism. Each movement has faced unique challenges and obstacles, but they have all played a crucial role in advancing the cause of human rights and social justice.The legacy of these movements continues to inspire and inform contemporary efforts to address systemic inequalities and promote inclusive, equitable societies. As we reflect on these examples, we are reminded of the enduring human desire for fairness, dignity, and the recognition of our shared humanity. The struggle for equality is an ongoing process, but the successes of these movements serve as beacons of hope and inspiration for those who continue to fight for a more just and equitable world.。
2022-2023学年九上英语期末模拟试卷注意事项1．考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并交回．2．答题前，请务必将自己的姓名、准考证号用0．5毫米黑色墨水的签字笔填写在试卷及答题卡的规定位置．3．请认真核对监考员在答题卡上所粘贴的条形码上的姓名、准考证号与本人是否相符．4．作答选择题，必须用2B铅笔将答题卡上对应选项的方框涂满、涂黑；如需改动，请用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案．作答非选择题，必须用05毫米黑色墨水的签字笔在答题卡上的指定位置作答，在其他位置作答一律无效．5．如需作图，须用2B铅笔绘、写清楚，线条、符号等须加黑、加粗．Ⅰ. 单项选择1、—Have you seen the movie Forever Young?—Yes. I__________ the movie with my friend last night.A．watch B．watched C．watches D．have watched2、---The film Coco is very Interesting, isn't it?---Yes. But I don't think_____ likes watching itA．somebody B．anybody C．nobody D．everybody3、–Do you think yesterday’s math problem was difficult?– Yes. I could ______ work it out.A．hardlyB．easilyC．nearlyD．quickly4、—I visited the Reed Flute Cave in Guilin last weekend.—________ Why didn’t you tell me earlier?A．Y ou did? B．I hope so. C．Have a good time. D．That’s all right.5、---May I have a look at the magazine China Today?---Certainly. ___________.A．Thank you B．It's a pity C．Here you are D．I'd like to6、—Hi, Simon, the summer vacation is coming. I plan to go to Sanya with my family for a holiday.—Great! _________A．No problem. B．Have a good time. C．Thank you.7、—If you are buying today’s Nanjing Daily, could you get ______ for me?—I am glad to help you.A．it B．this C．one D．that8、—I use the Apps to do homework?—Sorry, you can’t. It’s bad for your eyes.A．May B．Need C．Must9、---Was this photo taken in Tibet?---Yes. You can see beautiful snow mountains in the ______ of the photo.A．form B．shapeC．background D．Direction10、—Kitty is very good at musical instruments.—Yes, she is. She can play the guitar almost her guitar teacher.A．as better as B．as good as C．as well as D．so well asⅡ. 完形填空11、The most difficult thing for university student Shaun Rogers is opening the classroom door by himself. Shaun can’t do this without help 1 he is only six years old. He’s the 2 person ever to study at Rochester University in New York. Shaun began reading at two and 3 the age of five he had read many books and was able to finish writing his first book. “I love learning”, says Shaun. “My hero is the scientist Albert Einstein because he never combed （梳理）his hair 4 wore socks.”Shaun’s mother first 5 that her son was different when he kept crying at playschool because he was 6 with the children’s games. She started teaching him at home after finding that local schools were not prepared for children who 7 at Shaun’s speed. Now Shaun is studying geograph y at 8 and using the Internet to finish his high school studies.However, some scientists warn that too much study can stop a child from developing 9 . “I don’t care how clever the kid is, six-year-olds have to play with their friends,” says Dr. Brain Wood. Mrs. Rogers disagreed that all her son’s time was taken up by school work. “He loves the violin and has many outdoor 10 , such as camping, fishing and swimming, just like other boys of his age.”1．A．because B．so C．though D．but2．A．happiest B．shyest C．laziest D．youngest3．A．at B．by C．in D．over4．A．and B．as C．or D．since5．A．realized B．received C．published D．represented6．A．interested B．bored C．surprised D．excited7．A．learnt B．drank C．drove D．ran8．A．cinema B．hospital C．university D．hotel9．A．quietly B．normally C．early D．bravely10．A．fans B．jobs C．interests D．exercisesⅢ. 语法填空12、阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。
广东省广州市海珠区重点达标名校2024年中考英语考试模拟冲刺卷含答案注意事项1．考生要认真填写考场号和座位序号。
2．试题所有答案必须填涂或书写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。
第一部分必须用2B 铅笔作答；第二部分必须用黑色字迹的签字笔作答。
3．考试结束后，考生须将试卷和答题卡放在桌面上，待监考员收回。
Ⅰ. 单项选择1、—Who is your favorite singer, Mike?—TF Boys. They are very ____ boys and girls.A．proud of B．popular withC．strict with D．worried about2、_____ of them has been to Australia several times, so they know the Opera House very well.A．Both B．All C．None D．Each3、—Tom, what’s your reason for being late for school this time?—I thought I could arrive on time. But the bus started moving ______ I could get on it.A．after B．until C．while D．before4、—Which song do you like better, Lucy?—I prefer the song Little Apple________ can attract many people.A．which B．who C．whom D．where5、-What do you think of this story?-It's interesting, but Miss Lin asked us to __________ a story by ourselves, not to find one on the Internet.A．make up B．look up C．listen to D．take away6、Zhang LIli is considered as the most beautiful teacher _____gave her love to her students in danger.A．who B．that C．whom D．which7、—Hello, Matt. How’s your life in Canada?—I am used to it now. My host family always try their best to make feel at home.A．me B．I C．my D．mine8、一Already five people in the taxi, but the driver managed to take me as well.一Terrible, and it be an uncomfortable journey.A．can B．should C．must D．need9、— Are those crayons ?— No, aren’t.A．you; theirs B．your; their C．yours: they D．yours: them10、'm sorry, but I don't know how to help you. At least you have given me some advice.A．No problem B．No wayC．With pleasure D．Thanks anywayⅡ. 完形填空11、I was in the fifth grade. One day, my dad's car was broken into and all of the things inside were 1 , including my schoolbag. It had my binder（活页夹）, my textbooks and my notebooks where I used to write stories. I was very 2 .So I went to school with 3 the next day.Miss Taylor, my 4 , was very kind to me. She gave me a new binder after I told her what had happened. She also 5 me some crayons and asked me if I’d like to 6 the front of the binder. I was very thankful.7 I never colored the new binder, because something even 8 happened later that day. Miss Taylor got a 9 from the office. After she hung up the phone, she said to me, “10 !Someone found your schoolbag!” I rushed to the 11 and got my schoolbag. When I 12 it, I saw that all my things were still inside, including my notebooks. The office secretary said, “A young lady found your 13 on the side of the road. She brought it to the school office because 14 found the address in your binder.”It turns out that there are lots of people out there who are 15 . There is no need to lose faith（信心）in society just because of one bad apple.1．A．bought B．changed C．found D．stolen2．A．bored B．happy C．interested D．worried3．A．anything B．everything C．nothing D．something4．A．aunt B．mother C．doctor D．teacher5．A．handed B．made C．posted D．sold6．A．color B．read C．copy D．cover7．A．And B．But C．Or D．So8．A．easier B．better C．harder D．worse9．A．book B．letter C．note D．call10．A．I’m sorry B．Guess what C．My pleasure D．Thank you11．A．office B．library C．dining room D．playground12．A．broke B．closed C．opened D．painted13．A．basketball B．coat C．schoolbag D．wallet14．A．she B．they C．he D．I15．A．beautiful B．kind C．outgoing D．thiⅢ. 语法填空12、While 1．(travel) abroad, Mr. Jackson Frank spent almost all the money he took with him. So he wrote to hisbrother to send him $ 5000 by bank transfer(汇款) to the Fischer Bank.After a week he 2．(begin) calling at the Fischer Bank. He showed his passport. “Nothing has come for you,” he 3．told. This went on for two weeks, and Mr. Frank got very 4．(worry). He sent an email to his brother, but there was no reply. In the fourth week Mr. Frank was arrested(拘留) for not 5．(be) able to pay his hotel bill(账单). He tried to explain the problem, but no one believed him. He stayed in prison(监狱) 6．sixty days.When he came out, he went immediately to the Fischer Bank. The clerk he spoke 7．was a new man. “Have you received $ 5000 for me?” he asked. “My name is Jackson Frank.”The clerk checked his books. “Yes, Mr. Jackson, it’s here. It came by bank transfer more than two months ago. We wondered where you were. ” He s howed Mr. Frank the order(汇票).The order read, “Pay Mr. Frank Jackson the sum of $5000…”“But my name is Jackson Frank, not Frank Jackson.” “Oh, that’s all right, sir. It was in our books under the letter ‘J’, but it’ s your money.” The clerk laughed. “A human mistake, sir! We’re all human beings, aren’t we? And so we all make mistakes. A family name like Frank 8．(sound) strange to me.”Mr. Frank was in 9．(silent). He really wanted to hit somebody. At last he said, “A human mistake is that what you call it? I think some humans need 10．(kick).”Ⅳ. 阅读理解A13、Go “back” in timeIs there a way to quickly recall（回忆）information just before taking an exam? Walking backwards might be a solution. Scientists from the University of Roehampton in the UK said this activity can help people improve theirshort-term memory.Researchers asked 114 volunteers to watch a video. After watching the video, the volunteers were split（分成）into three groups. One group was told to walk 10 meters forward. The second group walked 10 meters backwards. The third group stood in one place. All three groups were then asked 20 questions about what they saw in the video.The scientists found that the backward-walking group got two more answers correct than the other two groups.This suggests that the link between the concepts（概念）of time and space is important in terms of how our minds form memories. “Time is really expressed via（通过）space,” Aleksandra, who led the study, told the Daily Mail. When you walk backwards, you see things from a different angle（角度）compared to walking forward, This difference helps people recall things that happened in the past.And walking backwards is not just good for our brains. It is also good for the rest of our body. Compared to walking forward, walking backwards is more challenging. This can help us improve our fitness, according to New Scientist. Walking backwards uses more energy in a short time and burns more calories（卡路里）.In addition, walking backwards is less stressful for our knees. It could be helpful for people who often have pain in their knees, according to researchers from the University of Oregon in the US. Walking backwards also keeps our spines （脊柱）strong, which can help to ease（缓解）pain in the lower back. This might be why many old people like walking backwards.1．What does “this activity” in Paragraph 1 refer to（指的是）?A．Recalling information. B．Taking an exam.C．Walking backwards. D．Improving memory.2．The second paragraph is written to .A．introduce a useful way of walkingB．show who can answer more questions correctlyC．explain why walking backwards improves memoryD．describe how researchers did their experiment3．Which group got two more answers correct in the study?A．The forward-walking group. B．The backward-walking group.C．The standing-in-one-place group. D．All groups.4．According to New Scientist, how can walking backwards be helpful?A．It helps people remember information.B．It allows people to see things in a new angle.C．It helps people burn more calories.D．It can ease pain in peopl e’s knees and backs.5．What do we know from the passage?A．Walking backwards can help people in many ways.B．Scientists suggest walking backwards for 10 meters every day.C．Memories are formed when we do challenging activities.D．Old people like walking backwards because it can help them lose weight.B14、Forget hard work and perseverance. Getting ahead is as simple as tidying your desk.According to a leading expert, having a cluttered environment reflects a cluttered mind, but the act of tidying up can help you be more successful. The advice comes from Jayne Morris, the resident"life coach" for NHS Online, who said it is no good just moving the mess around. In order to clear the mind, unwanted items must be thrown away to free your "inner world", she said.Ms Morris, who claims to have coached celebrities to major business figures, said:“Clearing clutter from your desk has the power to transform your business. " How? Because clutter in your outer environment is the physical sign of all the clutter going on inside of you. " Clearing clutter has a chain effect across your entire life, including your work. Having an untidy desk covered in clutter could be stopping you achieving the business success you want. " She is sure cleaning up will be helpful even though some of history's biggest achievers lived and worked in messy conditions.Churchill was considered untidy from a boy throughout his life, from his office to his artist's studio,and the lab where Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin was famously untidy.Among the recommendations is that simply tidying a desk at work and an overflowing filing cabinet(陈列柜) will instantly have a positive impact on "your inner world. " Anything that is no longer used should not be put into storage but thrown away completely.Keeping something in the loft, garage or other part of the house, does not help because it is still connected to the person "by tiny energetic li.nes", Ms Morris. claims.She said, "The things in your life that are useful to you, that add value to your life, that serve a current purpose are charged with positive energy that refreshes you and enriches your life. But the things that you don't ever use and don't need anymore have the opposite effect on your energy.Things that no longer fit or serve you, use up your energy. "1．The underlined word "cluttered" (in Para.2) is closest, in meaning to __________A．messyB．briefC．complexD．aggressive2．Which of the following statements does Ms Morris agree toA．hanging the position of staff frequently will help to build up a clear mind.B．A tidy office will lead to a success in your business affairs in no time.C．To have a free mind, we need to throw away unneeded items at times.D．Y ou can pack up your things in garage or loft to cheer you up.3．According to Ms Morris, an untidy desk probably means thatA．you are quite a failureB．you are in a messy mindC．you are toe tired to deal with itD．you have achieved the business success4．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?A．Less untidy, more successful.B．How to improve your inner world.C．Cleaning up makes you less intelligent.D．Being bigger achiever needs more effortC15、Traveling is not always happy, at least for the buddies in the movie Green Book. The popular film won Best Picture at the 91st Academy Awards on Feb 25.The movie was adapted from the true story of a road trip through the southern US in the early 1960s.In the film, the black pianist Don Shirley hires Italian-American Tony Vallelonga to drive him to performances, but they face problems bec ause of Shirley’s skin color. These problems lead them to form a special friendship.“There’s something so deeply right about this movie, so true to the time,” wrote US film critic Mick LaSalle.The time LaSalle is talking about was between late 1870s and 1960s, a very different period in US history. Many parts of the country had Jim Crow laws (《吉姆·克劳法》), which allowed racial segregation (种族隔离). These laws made life and travel 39 for African-Americans. They couldn’t use certain hotels, restaurants, or even gas stations. They had to be indoors after sunset or they might be put into prison. Even black celebrities (名人) had to follow the laws.But in 1936, a black mail carrier named Victor H. Green had an idea. He made a list of friendly businesses in New York City. He published the list as a small book with a green cover. The Green Book helped African-Americans travel more safely. Then, in 1964, Jim Crow laws went away. The book went away, too.Today many US people still remember the time of Jim Crow. B ut they probably don’t know about The Green Book. It’s a forgotten part of the story. Thanks to this movie, maybe people can remember it again.1．What was Don Shirley in the film?A．A driver. B．A black pianist. C．A black mail carrier. D．A writer.2．Which word below is the most suitable for the blank?A．pleasant B．easy C．safe D．dangerous3．What can we know from Paragraph 4 ?A．Victor H. Green came up with the idea. B．The book is still in use now.C．A black businessman made the list. D．The list was sold in New York City.4．What does the word “it” refer to in the last paragraph ?A．The period between 1870s and 1960s. B．Jim Crow Laws.C．The Green Book. D．Racial segregation.5．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A．They met problems during their trip because of Shirley’s bad behavior.B．Jim Crow Laws disappeared in 1936.C．Black celebrities didn’t need to follow the Jim Crow Laws.D．The Green Book helped African-Americans travel more safely.D16、Tomatoes, sweet and juicy, are one of the world’s oldest foods. They were discovered by the Indians of South America thousands of years ago. The first tomatoes were very small. By the time the Europeans brought them to Europe in the 1500s, they were larger. They looked more like the tomatoes we eat today.The history of tomatoes is interesting. When they first arrived in Italy, they were known as “love apples”. Italians believed that if one ate a tomato, he would easily fall in love with it.However, in the United States, people believed that one would lose his life after eating a tomato. In 1820, Robert Johnson decided to prove people wrong. He announced that he would eat a tomato in the town square. Everyone was shocked at the news. That morning, about 2,000 people showed up to watch. They were sure that Mr Johnson was going to die. Of course, he didn’t. and from then on, tomatoes became popular in America.In the beginning, people argued whether tomatoes were fruit or vegetables. From a scientific point of view, they were fruit. A fruit was the ripened ovary of any plant that made seeds. However, this didn’t stop most people from calling them vegetables, They said that tomatoes were eaten with the main meal-just like vegetables. So, they thought tomatoes must surely be vegetables.Whether tomatoes are vegetables or not, they won’t disappear any time now. They are just delicious, for everyone to eat.1．Italians used to call tomatoes “love apples” mainly because of their.A．size B．taste C．shape D．smell2．People felt when they heard Robert Johnson would eat a tomato.A．surprised B．sad C．angry D．excited3．What does the underlined sentence in the fourth paragraph mean?A．A few people stopped eating tomatoes.B．Tomatoes became the most popular vegetables.C．Most people still believed tomatoes were vegetables.D．Most people stopped calling tomatoes vegetables.4．What’s the writer’s purpose in writing the text?A．To tell us how tomatoes grow.B．To advise us to eat more tomatoes.C．To show us why people love tomatoes.D．To tell us interesting facts about tomatoes.E17、根据表中信息选择最佳答案。
