云南师范大学美国文学期末考试试卷模拟试题三

2009 — 2010 学年第 一 学期 《美国文学》期末考试试卷（A 卷）适用班级 考试时间 120 分钟学院 班级 学号 姓名Ⅰ. Choose TEN of the following works and write the names of the authors. (10%)1. Octopus ( )2. Maggie, A Girl of the Streets ( )3. Babbitt ( )4. White Fang ( )5. “Legend of Sleepy Hollow” ( )6. My Antonia ( )7. “Birches” ( )8. Poor Richard’s Alma nac ( )9. Light in August ( )10. Twice Told Tales ( )11. The Declaration of Independence ( )12. “Rip Van Winkle ”( )13. Nature ( )14. The Song of Hiawatha ( )15. Uncle Tom ’s Cabin ( )16. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn ( )17. Sister Carrie ()18. The Waste Land ( )19. For Whom the Bell Tolls ( )20. The Emperor Jones ( )(10%)1._________________________was one of the founders of theJamestown colony in Virginia in 1607 and is known for his work describing the colonies.2.__________________________was a determined revolutionary whosework helped the cause of the American Revolution considerably, but who lost his popularity long before his death.3.The term refers to the group of people, some of themimportant to American literature (especially secular essay writing), who led the American Revolution and helped create the early American Republic.4.________________________was an early form of horror fiction thatoriginated in 18th century Europe and was very popular in America during the Romantic Period.5._____________________________, known for her deeply personalpoems and radically different poetic themes and form, didn’t achieve fame as a poet until long after her death.6.The first of American literature was not written by an American, but by___________________, a British captain, who thus became the first American writer.7. _________________ has been entitled the “Father of AmericanPoetry.8._______________________was the first great prose stylist ofAmerican romanticism, author of the first American short stories and familiar essays , the first American author to achieve international distinction, and has a significant position in the history of American literature.9._____________________is the first American professional writer andthe first writer of the detective story in the world.10._______________________is also called novel of the road, it stringsthe incidents on the line of the hero’s travel.Ⅲ. Choose only one answer form the four choices as themost appropriate answer. (30%)1. Anne Bradstreet was a Puritan poet. When her poems were published in England, she became know as the “______” who appeared in America.A Ninth MuseB Tenth MuseC Best MuseD First Muse2. ______ is the sometimes exaggerated use of local language, characters and customs in regional literature.A purple proseB waste-land imageryC local colorD symbolism3. The first great flourishing of African American literature that appealed to a relatively large literate Black readership was known as_____.A The HolocaustB The Harlem RenaissanceC AbolitionismD The Civil Rights Movement4. _______ was a leading 19th century feminist and one of the core members of the Transcendentalist movement.A Margaret FullerB Sylvia PlathC Hilda DoolittleD Gloria Stein5. Which of the following is not typical of modern poetry?A gushing sentimentalism and comfortable imagesB abandonment of earlier verse formsC use of free verseD an effort to find and/or explore a new role for the poet in a changing world6. Who was perhaps the most popular of all 20th century American poets?A Ezra PoundB Walt WhitmanC Robert FrostD Allen Ginsburg7. The Fitzgeralds lived so extravagantly that they frequently spent more money than F. Scoot Fitzgerald earned for parties, liquor, entertaining their friends and traveling. It was this living style that nicknamed the decade of the 1920s as_______.A The Jazz AgeB The Gilded AgeC The Roaring AgeD The Beat Age8. Which is true of the “Fireside Poets”?A They were generally strongly in favor of abolishing slavery.B They were deeply involved in the Transcendentalist movement.C They were a group of 19th century New England poets who weretremendously popular and respected at the time they wrote.D They opposed to tradition and were in favor of radical change.9. Ernest Hemingway was badly wounded in Italy and sent to a hospital where he fell in love with a nurse. These two persons later became the characters of his novel ________.A The Old Man and the SeaB For Whom the Bell TollsC The Sun Also RisesD A Farewell to Arms10. The Brahmists or Boston Brahmi, in American literature, refers to _______.A The highest ranking of the Hindu castes.B A movement that emerged from rebellion against Puritan religious ideas and systems.C A group of New England writers known for their scholarship and/or conservative philosophy.D A school of imaginative writing.11. Which of the following is one of Ben Franklin’s famous proverbs?A “A stitch in time saves nine”B “God helps those who help themselves”C “A Friend in need is a friend indeed”D “Ask not who the bell tolls, the bell tolls for thee”12. ___________ was a reaction to the ideas of the Age of Reason and the Enlightenment.A RomanticismB RealismC NaturalismD Modernism13. Although few of her poems were published in her lifetime and a complete collection of them didn’t appear until the 1950’s, _____ had a major impact on 20th century poetry.A Anne BradstreetB Gertrude SteinC Emily DickinsonD Amy Lowell14. Which of the following writers died a natural death in his old age?A Jack LondonB Ernest HemingwayC Stephen CraneD Mark Twain15. Who of the following is NOT a 20th century American poet?A Henry Wordsworth LongfellowB Amy LowellC Ezra PoundD Robert FrostIV. Choose TEN of the following and decide whether thestatements are true or false. (10%)1.Hawthorne was a firm believer in Puritan principles and mourned theirpassing in his works.2.Frederick Douglas was a major 19th century black writer.3.The sou nd of Whitman’s words casts a magic, romantic spell overreaders. His tone is awesome, sad and melancholy.4.Haiku, a form of traditional Japanese poetry, greatly influenced theImagist movement.5.Leaves of Grass is Whitman’s life work.6.Thanks in part to the efforts of Ezra Pound, Robert Frost was publishedin England and quickly became recognized as a major American poet. 7.In 1954, T. S. Eliot was awarded a Nobel Prize for his “mastery of theart of modern narration.”8.Hemingway believed that a man could find meaning in life by facing hisdeath with dignity and courage.9.Thomas Jefferson was famous for powerful, persuasive essays, such ashis pamphlet Common Sense, which persuaded many people to support the American Revolution.10.William Hill Brown’s The Power of Sympathy, written in 1789, is oftencalled “the first American novel”.11.The literary movement of American romanticism was generally dividedinto two stages: pre-romanticism and post-romanticism.12.Realists thought highly of individual status and role in the world. Theromanticists preferred the innate or intuitive perception by the heart of man. They thought that man was essentially of goodwill, only the civilized society made him degenerate. They pointed out, the means to uproot evils and to save mankind was habits, and to return to “natural primitive state”.13.The Scarlet Letter is called an economical novel because there are onlythree chief characters-or four if we include the child Pearl.14.President Lincoln praised Anne Bradstreet as “the little woman whowrote the book that made this great war.”15.Edgar Allan Poe wrote two poems both entitled “ To Helen”.16.Literary naturalism may be regarded as the new development of literaryrealism, and was sometimes called “pessimistic realism.”The naturalistic writers were philosophical pessimists.17.Hemingway, Pound, Cummings, Dos Passos, and Fitzgerald, belong tothe school of “Beat Generation”.18.F. Scott Fitzgerald is called the leader and poet laureate of the Jazz Agewho wrote the novels of the Jazz Age.19.Yoknapatawpha saga is a name for John Steinbeck’s novels.20.“Thanatopsis”is a word Bryant borrowed from Latin meaning“meditation on death”.the questions. (20%)Passage 1The apparition of these faces in the crowd;Petals on a wet, black bough.Questions:1.Who is the writer of this poem? _______________(1%)2.What is the title of this poem? _______________(1%)3.What images in this poem suggest Haiku poetry and what images are“modern”? (2%)4.What is the effect of the parallel between lines one and two of the poem?And what feeling and meaning does the poem express to you? (2%)Passage 2It was late and everyone had left the caféexcept an old man who sat in the shadow the leaves of the tree made against the electric light. In the daytime the street was dusty, but at night the dew settled the dust and the old man liked to sit late because he was deaf and now at night it was quiet and he felt the difference.Questions:1.This part is from the novel , written by .(2%)2.Why does the old man get drunk every night and why did he commitsuicide? (2%)3.What does the young waiter think of the old man and how does he treathim? (3%)Passage 3I went to the woods because I wished to live deliberately, to front only the es-sential facts of life, and see if I could not learn what it had to teach, and not, when I came to die, discover that I had not lived. I did not wish to live what was not life, living is so dear; nor did I wish to practise resignation, unless it was quite necessary. I wanted to live deep and suck out all the marrow of life, to live so sturdily and Spartan-like as to put to rout all that was not life, to cut a broad swath and shave close, to drive life into a corner, and reduce it to its lowest terms, and, if it proved to be mean, why then to get the whole and genuine meanness of it, and publish its meanness to the world; or if it were sublime, to know it by experience, and be able to give a true account of it in my next excursion. For most men, it appears to me, are in a strange uncertainty about it, whether it is of the devil or of God.Questions:1.This passage is taken from a famous work entitled _________ . (1%)2.The author of the work is____________ . (1%)3.List by yourself at least five reasons that the author gives for going tolive in the woods. (5%)Passage 4But, on one side of the portal（入口），and rooted almost at the threshold, was a wild rose-bush, covered, in this month of June, with its delicate gems, which might be imagined to offer their fragrance and fragile beauty to the prisoner as he went in, and to the condemned criminal as he came forth to his doom, in token that the deep heart of Nature could pity and be kind to him.Questions:1.This part is from the novel , written by .(2%)2.What does “the wild rose bush” symbolize according to your opinion?(5%)Passage 5It was many and many a year ago,In a kingdom by the sea,That a maiden there lived whom you may know.By the name of Annabel Lee; —And this maiden she lived with no other thoughtThan to love and be loved by me.Questions:1.The stanza is taken from the poem________________?(1%)2.The author of the poem is____________ . (1%)3.What is the most obvious rhetorical device the author uses for effect?(4%)Passage 6Thou hast an house on high erect,Framed by that mighty Architect,With glory richly furnished,Stands permanent though this be fled.It’s purchased and paid for tooBy Him who hath enough to do.Questions:1.This stanza is taken from the poem__________________________by____________.(2%)2.What is one’s real house according to the poet? (5%)VI. Choose TWO of the following and Comment on them.(20%)1.Robert Frost' s The Road Not Taken.（10%）2.Eugene O' Neill’s Long Day's Journey into Night.（10%）3.Talk about Adgar Allan Poe's social outlook and writings （10%）ment on Hawthorne’s style. （10%）《美国文学》期末考试试卷A卷答案暨评分标准适用班级060511-3 考试时间120 分钟Ⅰ. Choose TEN of the following works and write the names of the authors. (1*10=10%)1.Frank Norris2.Stephen Crane3.Sinclair Lewis4.Jack London5.Washington Irving6.Willa Cather7.Robert Frost8.Benjamin Franklin9.William Faulkner10.Nathaniel Hawthorne11.Thomas Jefferson12.Washington Irving13.Ralph Waldo Emerson14.Henry Wadsworth Longfellow15.Harriet Beecher Stowe16.Mark Twin17.Theodore Dreiser18.T.S. Eliot19.Ernest Hemingway20.Eugene O’NeillⅡ. Choose FIVE of the following and fill in the blanks. (2*5=10%)1.John Smith2.Thomas Paine3.“founding fathers”4.Gothic Fiction5.Emily Dickenson6.John Smith7.Philip Freneau8.Washington Irving9.Edgar Allan Poe10.Picaresque novelⅢ. Choose only one answer form the four choices as the most appropriate answer. (2*15=30%)IV. Choose TEN of the following and decide whether the statements are true or false. (1*10=10%)V. Choose THREE of the following fragments and answer the questions. (20%)Passage 11.Ezra Pound (1)2.In A Station of the Metro (1)3.Answer should comment on the parallel between the “modern” imagery(description of urban crowds and transportation, loneliness) of the firstline and the traditional “Oriental” imagery (budding flowers on a tree,wetness) of the second line. (2)4.What is the effect of the parallel between lines one and two of the poem?Describe the stylistic result of the parallel and the feelings it evokes (2)Passage 21.This part if from the short story “A Clean Well Light Room” written byErnest Hemingway. (2)2.Describe the old man’s character and relate it to the nihili st philosophyexpressed in the story. (2)3.What does the young waiter think of the old man (and why) and howdoes he treat him? Describe the young man’s character, his lack ofunderstanding of the old man and the significance of how he treats theold man as described in the story. (3)Passage 31.Walden (1)2.Henry David Thoreau (1)3.Find the answer from the passage. (5)Passage 41.The Scarlet Letter, Nathaniel Hawthorne.(2)2.life and liberty.(5)Passage 51.Annabel Lee.(1)2.Edgar Allan Poe. (1)3.repetition or refrains.(4)Passage 61.Upon the Burning of Our House, Anne Bradstreet.(2)2.One's real house is in heaven, built by the great architect, God. (5) VI. Choose TWO of the following and Comment on them. (20%)1. Robert Frost’s The Road Not Taken. (10%)This poem is written in classic five-line stanzas, with the rhyme scheme a-b-a-a-b and conversational rhythm. The poem seems to be about thepoet, walking in the woods in autumn, choosing which road he shouldfollow on his walk. In reality, it concerns the important decisions whichone must make in life, when one must give up one desirable thing inorder to possess another. Then, whatever the outcome, one must acceptthe consequences of one' s choice for it is not possible to go back andhave another chance to choose differently.∙In the poem, the poet hesitates for a long time, wondering which road to take, because they are both pretty. In the end, he follows the one whichseems to have fewer travelers on it. Symbolically, he chose to follow anunusual, solitary life; perhaps he was speaking of his choice to become apoet rather than some commoner profession. But he always remembersthe road which he might have taken, and which would have given him adifferent kind of life.2. Eugene O' Neill’s Long Day's Journey into Night. (10%)∙Long Day's Journey into Night is somewhat autobiographical. The Tyrones of the play are in fact modeled on the Eugene O' Neill family.The four major characters include James Tyrone, the father, a famousactor, anxious to become rich at the expense of his own talent; MaryTyrone, the mother, a drug addict; Jamie Tyrone, their elder son, andEdmund Tyrone, their younger son. The Mother becomes mentally illbecause she is extremely unhappy with her married life. Young Jamieloses faith in life, while Edmund the wanderer comes back withtuberculosis. All the four suffer frustrations and wish to escape from theharsh reality, James and Jamie look for solace in their cups, while Maryand Edmund seek the protection of the fog which they hope wouldscreen them from the intrusion of the world outside. They meet in theliving room of the family' s summer home at 8:30 a. m. of a day inAugust, 1912, and torment one another and themselves until midnight.The father is angry with the mother for her drug addiction, the motherwith his sons for being good for nothing, and the sons with their parentsfor not being good parents. All are torn in a war between love and hate,and no one is sure which is the stronger emotion. Life is too painful forthem even to try and make sense of it. Edmund ' s desperate advice inface of the horrible burden of Time weighing on people ' s shoulders andcrushing them to the earth is to lose feeling in their cups and stay alwaysdrunk. Thus the long day journeys into night when the tragedy of thefamily is finally enacted. No relief is felt, no light is seen, and all ends inthe engulfing darkness.In a figurative sense, Long Day' s Journey into Night is a metaphor for Eugene 0' Neill' s lifelong endeavor to find truth and the way toacceptance. The former he found, namely, the faithless, fragmentarynature of modern life, whereas the latter he did not; for him all passedinto night. In despair Eugene O' Neill thought of the old God of theCatholic church on which, it is ironical to not, he had turned his backlong before.3. Talk about Adgar Allan Poe's social outlook and writings （10%）●Poe admired aristocratic society，distrusted the leveling tendency ofdemocracy, and expressed contempt for uplift movements of progress（提高社会地位的进步运动）.He deplored America's increasing industrialization.In his more sardonic comments on democracy, he says that it amounts to the tyranny "of a mob." He could be associated with those literary men in the 1840's and 1850's，who became, in M elville's words , "isolates（孤僻者，与世隔绝者）, " who were (at least in theory)divorced from society. Yet Poe's criticism of contemporary America cut deeper than that of his contemporaries, causing an isolation more nearly absolute than theirs (see Hawthorne). He was more interested in redeeming and refining language.He was called the "great literary engineer."●Poe also dramatizes for us what has been called the demonic side of thenineteenth century. His tales are filled with assassination and non-escape ,with violence and death. Many of his characters are obsessed with a fear of death. Some of them strive to come back from the tomb;others are terrified of being buried alive or in fact are buried alive like Madeline in "The Fall of the House of Usher. "The two obsessions are part of a general fear of retaining consciousness in a world that is dead.●Poe was preoccupied with the disintegration of culture, with decadence. Hegives us a vision of "dehumanized man." Poe’s characters are dead to the world, machines of sensation and will. They are not willing to live in their own skins. For Poe's characters, the body is a mere machine. It refuses to be reconciled to the flesh and its mortal fate.●As a consequence , Poe's characters insist on living with an intensity andfear that has no relation to the limitations imposed by biological and physical laws. They do not seem to eat or drink ,they do not work.Occasionally they read or play on musical instruments. They are constantly musing about their lives. They speak to each other intensely and with passion. They live only in their heads—all a matter of intellect and imagination.●Poe's typical heroines are usually afflicted with mysterious diseases. Theyvisibly waste away before their lovers’ eyes. Their lovers or husbands can see that they are perishing and the heroines themselves are thoroughly aware of it, but the process cannot be halted. But they are not willing to let go of their lovers.●His characters fear the final moment, which constantly threatens them whilethey are alive, since they have no contact with the world of nature or with religion, being just sheer intelligence which is not connected with anything providing life or spiritual fulfillment. One critic has written :"Poe is not interested in anything that is alive. Everything in Poe is dead —the houses, the rooms, the furniture." Death is a predominant theme of Poe's poetry.The setting of "The Raven," his most celebrated poem, is like that of his tales : the unhappy, unresolved lover sits in an elaborately furnished room, trying to find peace from sorrow in his books and conducting a curious dialogue with his midnight visitant ,a black, deathlike symbol—the raven.Death is also the theme of the curious poem, "Ulalume(尤拉鲁姆)" and "The City in the Sea. "Some literary critics suggest that Poe’s intention was to recognize the impulse,always kept hidden, to kill, even to do violence to one's own nature.●Yet if the world of Poe's imagination is haunted by death and if the tales inparticular seem morbid and obsessed, why did they appeal to the audience of Poe's day? And can they have anything to say to us? The answer would have to be that in spite of their fantastic character they do，at some level, reveal what was going on in the psyche of nineteenth century man.Something like a disintegration of personality was occurring in Poe's life time, and the strange horrors that Poe described produced some echoes in the thoughts of his contemporaries. His audience had a craving for the sensational and the shocking. Writers and sensitive thinkers saw man as spiritually gutted),being pushed into an insane, inhuman world created by the rapidly growing process of industrialization.●Strangely enough, however, Poe had a fascination with the power of reason,despite his emphasis on the irrational. In stories like "The Murders in the Rue Morgue" and "The Purloined Letter , " reason is applied to the solution of a baffling crime. Even a few of Poe's tales of nightmare terror come tohappy endings precisely because the hero can think his way through a problem. Though the hero of "The Pit and the Pendulum" cannot, by his unaided efforts, save himself from the death intended for him, he uses his head to keep himself alive until help from the outside comes. In fact, one kind of Poe's characters must be those who are forced to fall back on the resources of one's mind.●Just as he was fascinated with the process of reason, Poe was interested inthe deviousness(曲折) of the human soul. He placed emphasis on how the unconscious motivates human beings, not unlike the Romantics of his day, but to a greater extent. Unlike the Romantics, Poe examined irrational drives; he wanted to bring reason to bear on areas which, in his time, were regarded as lying beyond its boundaries or else were ignored altogether. In other words, Poe used his reason to discover the source of the irrational.This is especially evident in "Tell-Tale Heart."●Poe's tragic life and his concentration on death were his extreme and poeticresponse to that which was elaborated upon, in naturalistic terms, fifty years later. He was unusually sensitive to the world of his own day, affected by it intensely ，causing his isolation. Though he wanted to find his place in a traditional society, his failure to do so may well have heightened his sense of lonely individualism. It is this sense of alienation which has carried itself through the greatest of literature in America.4. Comment on Hawthorne’s style.（10%）●His style is also noteworthy for his frequent use of images. Metaphors andsimiles abound, most of them stirringly fresh and effective. He makes skillful use of colors as a means for conveying mood. Black ,red and gray predominate.●Hawthorne's sentences, like his language, show the effects of his long yearsof study and practice in writing. There are few of the awkward sentences which may be found in Cooper. The sentences may appear, to a twentieth century reader, to be too consistently long. But they were not abnormally long for their day. In the most complex sentences ,however, grammatical subordination is employed with sufficient logic and variety to make the writing smooth and clear.●Another reflection of the times in which Hawthorne wrote is seen in hispunctuation. Many of his works are over-punctuated, by modern standards;there are superfluous commas, excessive dashes, and far too many exclamation points. In most cases his words are forceful enough to achieve the emphasis he desires, and the attempt to show such emphasis by using exclamation points is not necessary. But Hawthorne cannot be condemned for following the mechanical conventions of his day.●Hawthorne depends heavily on summarized historical narrative, but linksscenes dramatically. Occasionally, he will interrupt his works to address the reader directly, with some comment on the story, some piece of background information, or a brief moral essay.● A characteristic device of Hawthorne’s，which is employed several timesin The Scarlet Letter, is the "optional reading, " Hawthorne uses concrete objects as well as characters to serve as his symbols. He concentrates on a few main symbols repeated often in the story, and uses the fluidity of character development to illustrate the ways in which symbols grow and change based upon one's perception of them.。

第一学期期（末）考试试卷（A 卷）课程名称外国文学（3）课程编号 任课教师一、填空题：（共10空，每空1分） 1、法国是欧洲批判现实主义文学的发源地。

1830年，法国著名作家司汤达出版了长篇小说《______________》，标志着批判现实主义文学的诞生。

在当时文坛展开的一场浪漫主义与古典主义的文艺论争中，司汤达还出版了著名文艺论集《______________________》，此书被誉为法国19世纪批判现实主义文学第一部理论著作。

2、巴尔扎克笔下的资产者形象系列中，刻画得最出色的暴发户有三个：高布赛克、______________、_______________。

3、福楼拜的小说《___________________》有一个副标题“外省风俗”；《____________________》通过主人公一系列怪诞的梦揭示了人的真实生存状态：生命存在，欲望不止；生命与欲望同在，生命与痛苦、焦虑同在；过度的压抑、克制只会导致伪善或人格分裂。

4、狄更斯的小说大致塑造了四类人：__________________、坏蛋、______________________、革命者；《_________________》中葛雷硬的性格基本特征为“事实哲学”。

5、丹麦文艺理论家勃兰兑斯的《________________________》成为研究欧洲19世纪浪漫主义文学和现实主义文学最具权威性的理论著作。

系别： 专业：年级：学生姓名：学号：-------------------------------------------------密----------------------------------封-----------------------------线---------------------------------------------------------（共3题，每题5分）1、2、“新美学原理”3、“狄更斯式的人道主义”（共2题，每题15分）1、于连2、苔丝四、简答题：（共2题，每题10分）1、《人间喜剧》有多少部？出场人物有多少个？其中具有典型意义的人物大约有多少个？巴尔扎克把《人间喜剧》分为哪三个基本组成部分？其创作重心放在哪个部分？“风俗研究”根据表现内容不同又分成哪6个场景？2、19世纪英国批判现实主义文学有哪些基本特征？五、论述题：（共1题，25分）第一学期期（末）考试试卷（A卷）参考答案一、填空题（每空1分，共10分）1、《红与黑》、《拉辛与莎士比亚》2、葛朗台、纽沁根3、《包法利夫人》、《圣安东尼的诱惑》4、理想的男女主人公、各种各样的怪人、《艰难时世》5、《十九世纪文学主流》二、名词解释（每个5分，共15分）1、“人物再现法”：巴尔扎克在创作《人间喜剧》时为了使作品成为一个统一的整体而采用的方法，即主要人物在多部作品中反复出现，通过“续写”的方式展示人物性格的发展过程，从而把不同的作品有机地联系起来。

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《美国文学》期末考试试卷（B卷）1.Poor Richard’s Almanac（）2.The House of the Seven Gables ( ）3.“Raven” ( )4.My Antonia ( ）5.Babbitt （ )6.A Streetcar Named Desire （ )7.Maggie: A Girl of the Streets ( )8.A Farewell to Arms ( ）9.The Call of the Wild （）10.Long Day’s Journey into Night ( ）11. Common Sense ( )12。

“Rip Van Winkle”( )13。

Walden（ )14。

The Song of Hiawatha（ )15。

Uncle Tom’s Cabin( ）16。

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn( ）17. Sister Carrie( )18。

The Waste Land( )19。

A Farewell to Arms（ )20. The Great Gatsby（ )1. defined poetry as the rhythmical creation of beauty。

美国文学期末考试试卷模拟试题一I. Fill in the following blanks and put your answers on the Answer Sheet. (15%, 1 point for each)1.The publication of ______ established Emerson as the most eloquent spokesman of New England Transcendentalism.2.Hard work, thrift, ______ and sobriety were the Puritan values that dominated much of the earliest American writing.3.At 87, ______ read his poetry at the inauguration of President John F. Kennedy.4.Jack London’s masterwork _________ is somewhat autobi ographical.5.______, the tragic hero of Moby Dick, burning with a baleful fire, becomes evil himself in his thirst to destroy evil.6.Ezra Pound was the leader of a new movement in poetry which he called the “________” movement.7.“The Custom House” is an introductory note to the novel _______.8.Among the works attacking the “American Dream”, __________by Fitzgerald is a powerful piece.9.Walt Whitman was a pioneering figure of American poetry. His innovation first of all lies in his use of ________, poetry without a fixed beat or regular rhyme scheme.10.In 1954, _______ won the Nobel Prize for Literature for his “mastery of the art of modern narration”.11.In American literary history, ________ is called “the Recluse of Amherst” since she isolated herself from the outside almost for life.12.“The Fall of the House of Usher” is a short story written by _______.13._______ launched two kinds of immensely popular stories: the sea adventure and the frontier saga, represented by The Leatherstocking Tales.14.The publication of T. S. Eliot’s ________ in 1922, the most significant American poem of the 20th century, helped to establish a modern tradition of literature rich with learning and allusive thought.15.“The Cop and the Anthem” is a short story written by ______.II. Each of the following statements is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement. Then put your answers on the Answer Sheet. (20%, 1 point for each)1.For Melville, as well as for the reader and _____, the narrator, Moby Dick is still a mystery, anultimately mystery of the universe.A. StubbB. IshmaelC. AhabD. Starbuck2.Most of the p oems in Whitman’s Leaves of Grass sing of the “en-mass” and the ____ as well.A. natureB. self-relianceC. selfD. life3.Which of the following is Not one of the main ideas advocated by Ralph Emerson?A. Importance of the IndividualB. Faith in ChristianityC. The Over-SoulD. Self-Reliance4.In Hawthorne’s novels and short stories, intellectuals usually appear as _____.A. saviorsB. villainsC. commentatorsD. observers5.In American literature, escaping from the society and returning to nature is a common subject.The following titles are all related, in one way or another, to the subject except _____.A.Dreiser’s Sister CarrierB.Mark Twain’s The Adventures of Huckleberry FinnC.Cooper’s Leatherstocking TalesD.Thoreau’s Walden6.Which of the following is Not optimistic about human nature? .A. Ralph EmersonB. Walt WhitmanC. Nathaniel HawthorneD. Henry Thoreau7.Washington Irving was best known for his famous short stories such as _______.A.Rip Van Winkle and Moby DickB.Rip Van Winkle and The Legend of Sleepy HollowC.Young Goodman Brown and Moby DickD.The Fall of the House of Usher and Rip Van Winkle8.Emily Dickinson wrote many of her poems on various aspects of life. Which of the following is Not a usual subject of her poetic expression? _____.A. ReligionB. Life and deathC. Love and marriageD. War and peace9.Henry James is mostly concerned with ______ in his fiction.A. the inner life of human beingsB. small town life in backward regionsC. suffering of the agedD. violent events in history10.______ is called by Hemingway the one from which “all modern American literature comes.”A. The Adventures of Tom SawyerB. Life on the MississippiC. The Adventures of Huckleberry FinnD. The Gilded Age11.William Faulkner’s works mainly concern the American _____.A. New EnglandB. SouthC. Mid WestD. West12.One of Mark Twain’s contributions to American literature is that he made ______ an accepted standard literary medium.A. tall taleB. local colorismC. humorD. colloquial speech13.Emily Dickinson wrote 1775 poems, but only ____ of which had appeared during her life time.A. 7B. 8C. 9D. 1014.In writing In a Station of the Metro, Pound got his inspiration from _____.A. English sonnetB. Japanese haikuC. Chinese classical poetryD. French15.Of the following American writers, _____ has Not won the Nobel Prize for Literature.A. William FaulknerB. Ernest HemingwayC. John SteinbeckD. F. S. Fitzgerald16.Robert Frost is a regional poet in the sense that his poems are mainly concerned about the _____.A. life in New YorkB. country life in New EnglandC. sea adventuresD. life on the Mississippi River17.The works of _______ reveal the misery of the migrant workers because of the AmericanDepression.A. F. S. FitzgeraldB. John SteinbeckC. Ernest HemingwayD. William Howells18.In 1862, President Lincoln exclaimed: “So you are the little woman who wrote the book thatstarted this great war!” Who is this woman referred to? ______.A. Mrs. StoweB. Emily DickinsonC. George EliotD. Jane Austen19.It is not surprising to find in _____’s fiction a world of jungle, where “kill or to be killed” wasthe law.A. Mark TwainB. Emily DickinsonC. Theodore DreiserD. Henry James20.“Let’s portray man and woman in a way that we meet them in our real life.” Thismay be a principle for the characterization of _______.A. romanticismB. realismC. naturalismD. modernismIII. Explain the following and put your answers on the Answer Sheet. (15%, 5 points for each)1.Local color fiction2.Captain John Smith3.“Annabel Lee”IV. Answer the following questions briefly, and put your answers on the Answer Sheet. (30%, 10 points for each)1.What’s the difference between Walt Whitman and Emily Dickinson?2.What’s the symbolic signif icance of The Scarlet Letter?美国文学期末考试试卷模拟试题二I. Fill in the following blanks and put your answers on the Answer Sheet. (15%, 1 point for each)1._____ was a founding figure of American poetry, whose innovation first of all lies in his use of the free verse, poetry without a fixed beat or regular rhyme scheme.2.The publication of Nature established ______ as the most eloquent spokesman of New England Transcendentalism.3.Hard work, thrift, ______ and sobriety were the Puritan values that dominated much of the earliest American writing.4._________ is considered to be the founder of psychological realism, who believed that reality lies in the impressions made by life on the spectator.5.Martin Eden is the novel into which ______ put most of himself.6.The publication of _______ written by T. S. Eliot helped to establish a modern tradition of literature rich with learning and allusive thought.7.“The apparition of these faces in the crowd; Petals on a wet, black bough.” This is the shortest poem written by _____.8.With the publication of The Sun Also Rises, ________ became the spokesman for what Gertrude Stein had called “a Lost Generation”.9.“The Custom House” is an introductory note to the novel _______.10.Among the works attacking the “American Dream”, __________by Fitzgerald is a powerful piece.11.Emily Dickinson wrote 1775 poems, but only ____ of which had appeared during her life time.12.______, the tragic hero of Moby Dick, burning with a baleful fire, becomes evil himself in his thirst to destroy evil.13.As a poet, ________ heralded American literary independence: his close observation of nature distinguished his treatment of indigenous wild life and other native American subjects, e. g: The Wild Honey Suckle.14.The publication of Washington Irving’s _________,a collection of essays, sketches and tales, marks the beginning of American romanticism.15.“The Cop and the Anthem” is a short story written by ______.II. Each of the following statements is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement. Put your answers on the Answer Sheet. (30%, 1 point for each)1.In Leaves of Grass, _______ is all that concerned Whitman.A. individualismB. freedomC. democracyD. all the above2.______ is the narrator of Moby Dick.A. AhabB. IshmaelC. FlaskD. Queequeg3.In 1837, Ralph Emerson made a speech entitled _____ at Harvard, which was hailed by Oliver Wendell Holmes as “Our Intellectual Declaration of Independence.”A. Declaration of IndependenceB. Self-RelianceC. Divinity School AddressD. The American Scholar4.The Transcendentalists believe that, first, nature is ennobling; and second, the individual is ______.A. vicious by natureB. insignificantC. forward-lookingD. divine5.In Hawthorne’s novels and short stories, intellectuals usually appear as _____.A. saviorsB. villainsC. commentatorsD. observers6.In American literature, escaping from the society and returning to nature is a common subject. The following titles are all related, in one way or another, to the subject except _____.A.Dreiser’s Sister CarrierB.Mark Twain’s The Adventures of Huckleberry FinnC.Cooper’s Leather-Stocking TalesD.Thoreau’s Walden7.“I celebrate myself, and sing myself,And what I assume you shall assume,For every atom belonging to me as good belongs to you.”Who could have written these lines? _____.A. Edgar Allan PoeB. Ralph EmersonC. Walt WhitmanD. Henry Thoreau8.Which of the following is Not optimistic about human nature?A. Ralph EmersonB. Walt WhitmanC. Nathaniel HawthorneD. Henry Thoreau9.Which of the following statements about The Scarlet Letter is Not true? _____.A.It explores man’s never-ending search for the satisfaction of materialistic desires.B.It relates the conflicts between the society and the individual.C.It presents a psychological analysis of the inward tensions of the characters.D.It is about the effect of sin on the people involved and the society as a whole.10.Washington Irving was best known for his famous short stories such as _______.A.Rip Van Winkle and Moby DickB.Rip Van Winkle and The Legend of Sleepy HollowC.Young Goodman Brown and Moby DickD.The Fall of the House of Usher and Rip Van Winkle11.Emily Dickinson wrote many of her poems on various aspects of life. Which of the following is Not a usual subject of her poetic expression? _____.A. ReligionB. Life and deathC. Love and marriageD. War and peace12.Mark Twain wrote most of his literary works with a ____ language.A. grandB. pompousC. vernacularD. simple13.The period ranging from 1865 to 1914 has been referred to as _____.A. the Age of RomanticismB. the Age of RealismC. the Age of ModernismD. the Age of Colonialism14.______ is called by Hemingway the one from which “all modern American literature comes.”A. The Adventures of Tom SawyerB. Life on the MississippiC. The Adventures of Huckleberry FinnD. The Gilded Age15.The main theme of _______’s The Art of Fiction reveals his literary credo that representation of life should be the main object of the novel.A. Mark TwainB. Henry JamesC. Theodore DreiserD. William Dean Howells16.It is not surprising to find in _____’s fiction a world of jungle, where “kill or to be killed” was the law.A. Mark TwainB. Emily DickinsonC. Theodore DreiserD. Henry James17.According to Hawthorne, the scarlet Letter “A” which originally stands for “_____”, finally obtains the meaning of “able” or “angel” through Hester’s efforts.A. arroganceB. adulteryC. agonyD. accomplishment18.During the period after the Civil War, the American society entered in what Mark Twain referred to as _____.A. the Golden AgeB. the Modern AgeC. the Gilded AgeD. the Puritan Age19.Robert Frost is generally considered to be a regional poet in the sense that his subject matters mainly focus on the landscape and people in _____.A. New YorkB. the WestC. New EnglandD. Mid West20.William Faulkner’s w orks mainly concern the American _____.A. New EnglandB. SouthC. Mid WestD. West21.In 1954, _____ was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature for his “mastery of the art of modern narration.”A. T. S. EliotB. Ernest HemingwayC. John SteinbeckD. William Faulkner22.“In a Station of the Metro” is regarded by critics as a classic specimen of _____.A. the imagist poetryB. the absurd poetryC. the romantic poetryD. the transcendental poetry23.Fitzgerald’s fictional world is the best embodiment of the spirit of ______.A. the Renaissance PeriodB. the Neoclassical PeriodC. the Jazz AgeD. the Romantic Period24._____ usually was regarded as the first American writer.A. William BradfordB. Anne BradstreetC. Emily DickinsonD. Captain John Smith25.The works of _______ reveal the misery of the migrant workers because of the American Depression.A. F. S. FitzgeraldB. John SteinbeckC. Ernest HemingwayD. William Howells26._______ is NOT a fictional character in The Scarlet Letter.A. PearlB. Arthur DimmesdaleC. Roger ChillingworthD. Santiago27.At 87, ______ read his poetry at the inauguration of President John F. Kennedy.A. Edwin RobinsonB. Wallace StevensC. Carl SandburgD. Robert Frost28.“Let’s portray man and woman in a way that we meet them in our real life.” This may be a principle for the characterization of _______.A. romanticismB. realismC. naturalismD. modernism29.In 1862, President Lincoln exclaimed: “So you are the little woman who wrote the book that started this great war!” Who is this woman referred to? ______.A. Mrs. StoweB. Emily DickinsonC. George EliotD. Jane Austen30.All his novels reveal that, as time went on, Mark Twain became increasingly ______.A. optimisticB. pessimisticC. confidentD. contentedIII. Explain the following and put your answers on the Answer Sheet. (15%, 5 points for each)1. New England literary renaissance2. “My Lost Youth” (by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow)3. William Dean HowellsIV. Make a brief comment on the following and put your answers on the Answer Sheet. (20%, 10 points for each)1.American Romanticism.2.Caroline Meeber in Sister Carrier.美国文学期末考试试卷模拟试题三I. Complete each of the following statements with proper words or phrases. (20%, 1 point for each)1.In 1817, the stately poem called “Thanatopsis” introduced the best poet, ______, to appear in America up to that time.2.James Fennimore Cooper launched two kinds of immensely popular stories: the sea adventure and ______.3.Ralph Emerson was recognized throughout his life as the leader of ______ movement, yet he never applied the term to himself or to his beliefs and ideas.4.Herman Melville’s novel ______ is a tremendous chronicle of a whaling voyage in pursuit of a seemingly supernatural white whale.5.In the early 19th century, Washington Irving wrote ______ which became the first work by an American writer to win financial success on both sides of the Atlantic.6.In 1845, Henry David Thoreau began a two-year residence at ______ Pond.7.After his death, ______ became the only American to be honored with a bust in the Poet’s Corner of Westminster Abbey.8.The American Romantic period stretches from the end of the 18th century through the outburst of the ______.9.The arbiter of 19th century literary realism in America was ______.10.The poetic style Walt Whitman devised is now called ______, which is poetry without a fixed beat or regular rhyme scheme.11.______ is considered the founder of psychological realism. He believed that reality lies in the impressions made by life on the spectator.12.______ is the novel into which Jack London put most of himself.13.O. Henry’s ______ is a very moving story of a young coupl e who sell their best possessions in order to get money for a Christmas present for each other.14.______ was the leader of a new movement in poetry which he called the “Imagist” movement.15.In 1925, F. Scott Fitzgerald completed his best novel ______. It is the story of an idealist who was destroyed by the influence of the wealthy, pleasure-seeking people around him.16.Ernest Hemingway’s stature as a writer was confirmed with the publication of his novel ______ in 1929. The novel portrayed a farewell both to war and to love.17.______ was the foremost novelist of the American Depression of the 1930s.18.William Faulkner considered __________ to be “the first truly American writer”.19.As a genre, naturalism emphasized heredity and ______ as important deterministic forces shaping individualized characters that were presented in special and detailed circumstances.20.A series of sixteen pamphlets by Thomas Paine was entitled ______.II. Each of the following statements below is followed by four alternative answers or completions. Choose the one that is the best in each case. (30%, 1 point for each)1.Moby Dick was dedicated to ____.A. Ralph EmersonB. Nathaniel HawthorneC. Henry ThoreauD. Henry Longfellow2.____ was Mark Twain’s masterpiece from which, as Hemingway noted, “all modern American literature comes.”A. The Adventures of Tom SawyerB. The Adventures of Huckleberry FinnC. Life on the MississippiD. The Gilded Age3.____ usually was regarded as the first American writer.A. Emily BradfordB. Ann BradstreetC. Emily DickinsonD. John Smith4.Benjamin Franklin was the epitome of the ____.A. American EnlightenmentB. Sugar ActC. Chartist movementD. Romanticist5.Thomas Jefferson’s attitude, that is, a firm belief in progress, and the pursuit of happiness, is typical of the period we now call ____.A. Age of EvolutionB. Age of ReasonC. Age of RomanticismD. Age of Regionalism6.As a literary and philosophical movement, ____ flourished in New England from the 1830s to the Civil War.A. modernismB. rationalismC. sentimentalismD. transcendentalism7.____ is NOT written by Ralph Waldo Emerson.A. The American ScholarB. Self-RelianceC. The Divinity School AddressD. Civil Disobedience8.There is a good reason to state that New England Transcendentalism was actually ____ on the Puritan soil.A. RomanticismB. SymbolismC. MysticismD. Rationalism9.American literature produced only one female poet during the 19th century. This was ____.A. Anne BradstreetB. Jane AustenC. Emily DickinsonD. Harriet Beecher10.Which of the following statements about O. Henry is NOT right?A. He wrote about the poor people.B. The ends of his stories are always surprising.C. Many of his stories contain a great deal of slang and colloquial expressions.D. The plots are usually clumsy.11.The main theme of ____’s The Art of Fiction reveals his literary credo that representation of life should be the main object of the novel.A. Henry JamesB. William HowellsC. Mark TwainD. O. Henry12.Which of the following does NOT have a naturalist tendency?A. Stephan CraneB. Frank NorrisC. Jack LondonD. Walt Whitman13.For Melville, as well as for the reader and _____, the narrator, Moby Dick is still a mystery, an ultimately mystery of the universe.A. StubbB. IshmaelC. AhabD. Starbuck14.Which of the following is NOT optimistic about human nature?A. Ralph EmersonB. Walt WhitmanC. Nathaniel HawthorneD. Henry Thoreau15.Emily Dickinson wrote many of her poems on various aspects of life. Which of the following is NOT a usual subject of her poetic expression?A. ReligionB. Life and deathC. Love and marriageD. War and peace16.Of the following American writers, _____ had won the Nobel Prize for Literature.A. Mark TwainB. Ernest HemingwayC. Henry JamesD. F. S. Fitzgerald17.In 1862, President Lincoln exclaimed: “So you are the little woman who wrote the book that started this great war!” The book refers to ____.A.The Adventures of Huckleberry FinnB. BelovedB.Pride and Prejudice D. Uncle Tom’s Cabin18.The works of _____ reveals the misery of the migrant workers because of the American Depression.A. F. S. FitzgeraldB. John SteinbeckC. Ernest HemingwayD. William Howells19.In Leaves of Grass, _____ is all that concerned Whitman.A. individualismB. freedomC. democracyD. all the above20.It is not surprising to find in _____’s fiction a world of jungle, where “kill or to be killed” was the law.A. Mark TwainB. Emily DickinsonC. Theodore DreiserD. Henry James21.During the period after the Civil War, the American society entered in what Mark Twain referred to as ____.A. the Golden AgeB. the Modern AgeC. the Gilded AgeD. the Puritan Age22.“The Custom-House” is an introductory note to _____.A. Moby-DickB. The Scarlet LetterC. The Marble FaunD. The Blithedale Romance23.When we say that a poor young man from the West tried to make his fortune in the East but was disillusioned in the quest of an idealized dream, we are probably discussing ______’s thematic concern in his fiction writing.A. Henry JamesB. F. Scott FitzgeraldC. Ernest HemingwayD. William Faulkner24.American writers after World War I self-consciously acknowledged that they were (a) “____”, devoid of faith and alienated from the Western civilization.A. Lost GenerationB. Beat GenerationC. Sons of LibertyD. Angry Young Men25.Which one of the following statements is NOT true of William Faulkner?A. He is master of stream-of-consciousness narrative.B. His writing is often complex and difficult to understand.C. He often depicts slum life in New York and Chicago.D. He represents a new group of Southern writers26.The setting of the novel The Scarlet Letter is in ____.A. England during World War IB. Paris during the French RevolutionC. Puritan AmericaD. America after the Revolutionary War27.Which statement is NOT true of the American naturalist?A. They ventured the forbidden subjects such as sex, death, and violence.B. They stressed the possible triumph of human will.C. They wrote in a daring, open, and direct manner.D. They see human beings no more than a physical object.28.____ is often acclaimed as the literary spokesman of the Jazz Age.A. Ernest HemingwayB. F. Scott FitzgeraldC. William FaulknerD. John Steinbeck29.____, o ne of America’s greatest playwrights, won the Nobel Prize in 1936, the first American playwright to receive the honor. Some of his most famous works include The Hairy Ape, Long Day’s Journey into Night.A. Arthur MillerB. Tennessee WilliamsC. Bernard MalamudD. Eugene O’Neill30.Edgar Allan Poe occupies an important position in American literature as a poet and a ____.A. short story writerB. novelistC. dramatistD. translatorIII. Answer the following questions, and put your answers on the Answer Sheet. (30%, 15 points for each)1. What is local color fiction? List at least 5 of the best known writers of local color.2. Instead of having her punished for her life of sin, Dreiser let Caroline Meeber in Sister Carrier become successful. Can you tell why?美国文学期末考试试卷模拟试题三参考答案I: Complete each of the following statements with proper words or phrases. (20%, 1 point for each)1.Bryant2. frontier saga3. transcendentalist4. Moby Dick5. Sketch Book6.Walden7. Longfellow8. Civil War9. Howells10. free verse11.Henry James12. Martin Eden13. The Gift of Magi14. Pound15. The Great Gatsby16. A Farewell to Arms17. Steinbeck18. Mark Twain19. Environment20. American CrisisII: Each of the following statements below is followed by four alternative answers or completions. Choose the one that is the best in each case. (30%, 1 point for each)1 --- 5: B B D A B 6 --- 10: D D A C D11 ---15: A D B C D 16 --- 20: B D B D C21 --- 25: C B B A C 26 --- 30: C B B D AIII. Answer the following questions, and put your answers on the Answer Sheet. (30%, 15 points for each)1. What is local color fiction? List at least 5 of the best known writers of local color.Realism first appeared in the United States in the literature of local color, an amalgam of romantic plots and realistic descriptions of things was immediately observable; the dialects, customs, sights, and sounds of regional America. Bret Harte was the first American writer of local color to achieve wide popularity, presenting stories of western mining towns with colorful gamblers, outlaws, and scandalous women. Harte, Harriet Beecher Stowe, Kate Chopin, Joel Chandler Harris, and Mark Twain providedregional stories and tales of the life of America’s Westerners, Southerners, and Eastern ers. Local color fiction reached its peak of popularity in the 1880s, but by the turn of the century it had begun to decline. 2. Instead of having her punished for her life of sin, Dreiser let Caroline Meeber in Sister Carrier become successful. Can you tell why?This is due to a number of reasons:1) Theodore Dreiser based the novel on the life of his sister Emma. In 1883 she ran away to Toronto, Canada with a married man who had stolen money from his employer. Another sister of his was a prostitute.2) Like Sister Carrie who went to Chicago at the age of 18, Dreiser himself left home at age 15 for Chicago and started to support himself, doing menial jobs. He understood perfectly well how hard life was for a girl like Sister Carrie in a big city.3) His sympathy for Sister Carrie is related to his naturalistic beliefs. The naturalists emphasized that the world was amoral, that men and women had no free will, that their lives were controlled by heredity and the environment, that religious “truth” were illusory, that the destiny of humanity was misery in life and oblivion in death. As a pioneer of naturalism in American literature, Dreiser wrote novels reflecting his mechanistic view of life, a concept that held humanity as the victim of such ungovernable forces as economics, biology, society, and even chance. In his works, conventional morality is unimportant, consciously virtuous behavior having little to do with material success and happiness. So Sister Carrie is not to be blamed for her sin of life.4) His sympathy for Sister Carrie also shows the influence of the teachings of Charles Darwin----natural selection and the survival of the fittest and that of the teachings of Herbert Spencer----social Darwinism. In this novel, Sister Carrie is portrayed as an example of the survival of the fittest in an indifferent world.美国文学期末考试试卷模拟试题四I. Complete each of the following statements with proper words or phrases. (20%, 1 point foreach)1.Ralph Emerson’s truest disciple was ______, who put into practice many of Emerson’s theories.2.On January 10, 1776, Thomas Paine’s famous pamphlet ______ appeared, which boldly advocated a “Declaration for Independence”, and brought the separatist to a crisis.3.______ has been called the “Father of American Poetry”.4.“To a Waterfowl” is perhaps the peak of ______’s work, which has been called by an English prominent critic “the most perfect brief poem in the language”.5.In his cluster of poems called Leaves of Grass,______ gave America its first genuine epic poem.6.______ probed deeply at the individual psychology of his characters, writing in a rich and intricate style that supported his intense scrutiny of complex human experience.7.______’s reports of exploration, published in the early 1600s, have been described as the first distinctly American literature to be written in English.8.Benjamin Franklin’s best writing is found in hi s masterpiece ______.9.James Fennimore Cooper launched two kinds of immensely popular stories: the frontier saga and ______.10.Ralph Emerson was recognized throughout his life as the leader of ______ movement, yet he never applied the term to himself or to his beliefs and ideas.11.Herman Melville’s novel ______ is a tremendous chronicle of a whaling voyage in pursuit of a seemingly supernatural white whale.12.In the early 19th century, Washington Irving wrote ______ which became the first work by an American writer to win financial success on both sides of the Atlantic.13.After his death, ______ became the only American to be honored with a bust in the Poet’s Corner of Westminster Abbey.14.The American Romantic period stretches from the end of the 18th century through the outburst of the ______.15.The arbiter of 19th century literary realism in America was ______.16.The poetic style Walt Whitman devised is now called ______, which is poetry without a fixed beat or regular rhyme scheme.。