哈工大考博英语真题
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哈工大考博英语真题
General English Admission Test For Non-English Major Ph.D.
program(Harbin Institute of Technology) 第一套
Part I Reading Comprehension (40 points)
Passage 1
Questions 1----5 are bashed on the following passage.
The planet’s last intact expanses of forest are under siege.
Eight thousand years ago, forests covered more than 23 million
square miles, or about 40 percent of Earth’s land surface. Today,
almost half of those forests have fallen to the ax, the chain saw,
the matchstick, or the bulldozer.
A map unveiled in March by the Washington-based World
Resources Institute not only shows the locations of former forests,
but also assesses the condition of today’s forests worldwide.
Institute researchers developed the map with the help of the
World Conservation Monitoring Center, the World Wildlife Fund,
and 90 forest experts at a variety of universities, government
organizations, and environmental groups.
Only one-fifth of the remaining forests are still ―frontier
forests,‖ defined as relatively undistur bed natural forests large
enough to support all of their native species. Frontier forests offer
a number of benefits: They generate and maintain biodiversity,
protect watersheds, prevent flooding and soil erosion, and
stabilize climate.
Many large area s that have traditionally been classified as
forest land don’t qualify as ―frontier‖ because of human
influences such as fire suppression and a patchwork of
logging. ―There’s surprisingly little intact forest left,‖ says
research associate Dirk Bryant, the principal author of the report that accompanies the new map.
In the report, Bryant, Daniel Nielsen, and Laura Tangley
divide the world into four groups:76 countries that have lost all
of their frontier forest; 11 nations that are ―on the edge‖; 28
countries with ―not much time‖; and only eight----including
Canada, Russia, and Brazil-----that still have a ―great
opportunity‖ to keep most of their original forest. The United
States is among the nations said to be running out of time: In the
lower 48 stat es, says Bryant, ―great opportunity‖ to keep most
of their original forest. The United States is among the nations
said to be running out of time: In the lower48 states, says
Bryant, ―only 1 percent of the forest that was once there as
frontier forest qualifies today.‖
Logging poses the biggest single threat to remaining frontier
forests. ―Our results suggest that 70 percent of frontier forests
under threat are threatened by logging,‖ says Bryant. The
practice of cutting timber also creates roads that cause erosion
and open the forest to hunting, mining, firewood gathering, and
land clearing for farms.
What can protect frontier forests? The researchers
recommend combining preservation with sustainable land use
practices such as tourism and selective timb er extraction. ―It’s
possible to restore frontiers,‖ says Bryant, ―but the cost and time
required to do so would suggest that the smart approach is to
husband the remaining frontier forest before it’s gone.‖
1. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. The present situation of frontier forest on Earth.
B. The history of ecology.
C. The forest map in the past.
D. Beautiful forests in different parts of the world. 2. The word ―unveiled‖ in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning
to_.
A. evaluated
B. decorated
C. designed
D. made public
3. Frontier forests have which of the following benefits?
A. They keep climate stable.
B. They enhance timber industry.
C. They provide people with unique scenery.
D. They are of various types.
4. The phr ase ―on the edge‖ in Paragraph 5 probably
means________.
A surrounded by frontier forest
B near frontier forest
C about to lose their frontier forest
D under pressure
5. According to the passage, roads created by timber-cutting
make it possible for people to________.
A travel to other places through the short –cut
B exploit more forest land
C find directions easily
D protect former forests
Passage 2
Questions 6----10 are based on the following passage.（2005年9月PETS3真题）
To get a chocolate out of a box requires a considerable
amount of unpacking: the box has to be taken out of the paper
bag in which it arrived the cellophane wrapper has to be torn off,
the lip opened and removed; the lid opened and the paper
