book 5 unit1 Great scientists语言点导学案

2021高考考前争分必备导学案：Unit1 Great scientists（人教版，必修五）假定你是李华，希望通过外籍教师Peter找一个英语笔友。

请写一封短信，描述一下你理想中笔友的条件，并说明为什么选这样的笔友。

具体条件包括：年龄；性别；爱好（旅游、运动、宠物等）。

注意：1．词数100 左右；2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3．开头语已为你写好。

Dear Peter,I’m writing to ask whether you are able to do me a favor.I want to have a pen friend, hopefully a girl in her early twenties, and with interests similar to mine. In my mind, she is someone who is interested in traveling, swimming, and playing table tennis. Besides, it would be better for her to have a pet dog as I have kept one at home for some time. With such a pen friend, I think I can share with her our traveling experiences, taking care of pets, or whatever we have in common. And I believe I will improve my English by doing so and learn more about her country.I look forward to hearing from you soon.Best regards,Li Hua●单元知识必背1．Conclude 断定，推断出；(使)结束。

陕西省西安市田家炳中学人教版高中英语必修5 Unit1 GreatScientists 阅读导学案（6）【学习目标】1. 通过理解课文掌握哥白尼的“日心说”。

2. 能使用多种阅读技巧寻找相关信息，提高阅读理解能力。

3. 培养科学研究的精神。

【自主学习】一．Words and Phrases：1._______________n.运动，移动，动作2._____________ 讲得通，有意义3.____________ adj/adv.向后的（地）4.____________vt./vi.使旋转，纺线5._____________ n.宇宙，世界6.____________vt. 拒绝7.______________adj热情的，热心的 8.__________adj.小心的；谨慎的9.______________adv.私下地，秘密地 10.___________________n.圈，环11.太阳系____________________ 12.数学计算_______________________13.天文学家__________________二．Read the passage and answer the fol lowing questions.1.Before Copernicus’ theory, what’s the theory of the universe?________________________________________________________________________2.What’s the conclusion that Copernicus’ mathematical calculations led to?________________________________________________________________________3.Why couldn’t he tell any one about his theory?________________________________________________________________________4.When did he show his ideas privately to his friends?________________________________________________________________________5.When did he punish his ideas?________________________________________________________________________6.What was the reaction of the Christian Church after Copernicus punished his ideas? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2.Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other pl anets in the sky make sense._________________________________________________________________________3.He also suggested that t he earth was spinning as it went round the sun and this explained changes in the move ment of the planets and in the bright ness of the stars.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4.Yet Copernicus’ theory is now the basis on which all our ideas of the univers e are built.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________课后鉴赏：Never leave that until tomorrow, whi ch you can do today. 今日事，今日毕。

第二单元教学设计教材分析小说是生活中阅读人群最广泛的读物，它往往通过塑造人物形象来表现社会生活。

小说中人物的喜怒哀乐、悲欢离合，常常能折射出世态人情和时代风貌。

本单元集中呈现了四篇小说作品，题材多样，意蕴丰富，人物形象鲜明，读来令人难忘。

《孔乙己》描写了孔乙己在封建腐朽思想和科举制度毒害下，精神上迂腐不堪，麻木不仁，生活上四体不勤，穷困潦倒，在人们的嘲笑戏谑中混度时日，最后被封建地主阶级所吞噬的悲惨形象。

小说篇幅不长，却深刻揭露了当时科举制度对知识分子精神的毒害和封建制度“吃人”的本质，具有强烈的反封建意义。

《变色龙》是俄国作家契诃夫早期创作的一篇短篇小说，塑造了虚伪逢迎、见风使舵的巡警奥楚蔑洛夫，当他以为小狗是普通人家的狗时，就扬言要弄死它并惩罚其主人，当他听说狗主人是席加洛夫将军时，一会儿额头冒汗，一会儿又全身哆嗦。

通过人物如同变色龙似的不断变化态度的细节描写，有力地嘲讽了沙皇专制制度下封建卫道士的卑躬屈膝的嘴脸。

《溜索》是一篇散文化的小说，写了一处奇险的环境，一群过河的马帮汉子，一次溜索的经历，语言简洁凝练，选词炼字颇为考究，张扬了一种原始、野性的阳刚之美，表现了人在自然面前接受挑战、战胜艰险的勇气和对乐观向上的人生态度的赞美。

《蒲柳人家(节选)》继承了中国古典小说的许多表现技巧和艺术手法，浓墨重彩地描写了机灵顽皮、充满稚气的六岁男孩何满子和奶奶一丈青大娘、爷爷何大学问的故事，生动展示了北方农村的人文地理风貌和淳朴善良的人性，充满浓郁的民族风格和审美情趣。

本单元写作的主题是“审题立意”，旨在引导学生学会明确题目的要求，确立主要的思想内容，以确保写作时符合要求，不跑题，不偏题，能够有效地组织材料，合理地安排文章结构。

本单元综合性学习的主题是“岁月如歌——我们的初中生活”，旨在让学生在初中生活的最后一个学期，通过分工合作，制作一本班史，为三年的青春时光留下一份永久的纪念。

教学目标知识与能力1．积累本单元重点字词，做到正确识音、辨字、释义。

Book 5 Unit 1 Great Scientists语法学案编制：谭海云王玉娟审稿：高兴富时间:2014-09-04I. 过去分词作定语有前置和后置两种情况。

1、前置定语单个的过去分词作定语,通常放在被修饰的名词之前,表示被动和完成意义。

A类:被动意义:an honored guest 一位受尊敬的客人The injured workers are now being taken good care of in the hospital.受伤的工人现正在医院受到良好的照料。

B类:完成意义:a retired teacher 一位退休的教师They are cleaning the fallen leaves in the yard.他们正在打扫院子里的落叶。

2、后置定语过去分词短语作定语时,通常放在被修饰的名词之后,它的作用相当于一个定语从句。

如: This will be the best novel of its kind ever written (=that has ever been written).这将是这类小说中写得最好的。

Who were the so-called guests invited (=who had been invited) to your party last night?昨晚被邀请参加你的晚会的那些所谓的客人是谁呀?过去分词作表语作表语的过去分词主要来自及物动词,在主-系-表句型中,说明主语所处的一种状态。

其中系动词有包括be在内的多种形式。

如:You seem frightened. 你看样子受了惊吓。

少数不及物动词(如go, come, set)的过去分词也能作表语,但它们不表示被动意义,只是表示动作完成。

如:They are gone for vacation. 他们度假去了。

注意:要区别“系动词+过去分词(系表结构)”和“系动词+过去分词(被动语态)”。

Unit 1 Great scientistsBrief Statements Based on This UnitThis unit centers on Great scientists, including some scientists both at home and abroad like JohnSnow and Copernicus.The students should be encouraged to practise talking about these scie ntists.The whole unit can be divided into seve n parts: warm ing up, read in g, liste ning and speak ing,Ianguage focusing, reading and writing, grammar, and assessment.In warm ing up, there is a quiz for the stude nts to do, which will arouse the stude nts t inknowing about the famous scie ntists and help the stude nts to know scie nee is very importa nt in ourdaily life. Group discussi on and brain storm ing will be used in this period to help the stude nts to commun icate with each other using their previous kno wledge.In the reading passage, the students will learn about John Snow, who defeats “ King Choleraand get a general idea about how to examine a new scientific idea. This will help the students to formtheir own attitude towards scie nee.In learning about Ianguage, the students are encouraged to learn the following words andexpressions: engine, characteristic, radium, theory, scientific, examine, conclude, analyze repeat,defeat, atte nd, expose, cure, con trol, absorb, severe, valuable, blame, immediately, han dle,announce, in struct, virus, con structi on, con tribute, positive, moveme nt, backward, complete, enthusiastic, spin, reject, view, steam engine, put forward, draw a conclusion, in addition, link...to..., bestrict with, lead to, make sen se, point of view.Revolutio While practis ing using the Ian guage, the stude nts will lear n about Coper ni cus Theory, and theirskills of reading, speaking and writing will be improved.In listening and speaking, more chances will be given to the students to learn about otherscientists and their spirit. The students are encouraged to make up their mind to make contributions toscie nee.The students will be asked to write a letter to Copernicus on the basis of the understanding of thetext. The letters are sure to be full of imagi nati on and creativity.Assessme nt will help the stude nts to look back what they have lear ned and focus on the difficultand importa nt poin ts.So, this un it will be divided into seve n periods as follows:Period 1 Welcome to the UnitPeriod 2 Readi ngPeriod 3 Liste ning and Speak ingPeriod 4 Readi ng and Writi ngPeriod 5 GrammarPeriod 6 Lan guage Focus ingPeriod 7 Assessme ntKnowledge aims:Key words in this unit: engine, characteristic, radium, theory, scientific, examine, conclude, analyze, repeat, defeat, atte nd, expose, cure, con trol, absorb, severe, valuable, blame, immediately, handle, announce, in struct, virus, con struct ion, con tribute, positive, moveme nt, backward, complete, enthusiastic, spin, reject, view.Key phrases in this un it: put forward, know about, look in to, in additi on, preve nt sth. fromdoing, lead to, make sense, punish sb. For, suggest doing sth. steam engine, draw a conclusion, link...to..., be strict with, lead to, point of view.Key sentence patterns:1 But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.2 He got interested in two theories explaining how cholera killed people.3 Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.Grammar in this unit:Past participle used as attribute and predicativeAbility aims:1. To talk about great scientists and their great achievements.2. To guess what will be talked about in the listening materials.3. To improve their reading skills.4. To learn to use past participle as attribute and predicative.Emotion aims:To encourage the students to learn about some great scientists and their great achievements and how science helps to improve our society and change our life. Meanwhile, inspire the students to learn from the scientists and form their positive attitude towards science.Period 1 Welcome to the UnitThe General Idea of This PeriodThe unit centers on “ great scientists This is”th.e first period of this unit. During this period, the students should be encouraged to give their previous knowledge of some of the famous scientists, participate in the activities in class and try to get more information from the discussion. They will take part in different forms of activities, including pair work, group work, competition, and quiz. Group competition will be carried out all through the class.Words and expressions in this unit will help the students to talk about the topic “ great scientists So”a.t the beginning of this period, the teacher should spend some time training the students to read them and help the students pronounce them correctly. The students are encouraged to learn the new words in groups by themselves, using dictionaries and other reference books. Then more time should be given to the students to get familiar with the words and expressions. Lastly, several sentences will be given to the students to help them to know how to use some of the phrases.This unit is about “ great scientists ”, so from the very beghinentienagc,hter can encouragethe students talk about their dreams in the future. Then the teacher can let the students brainstorm something about great scientists. The students are free to say anything that they know. The students will be quite interested in this topic. This activity gives the students a chance to express their feelings about their favorite scientist. At the same time, this activity can stir the students e'nthusiasm in science.Then the teacher can have the students match the famous scientists with their discoveries, inventions or theories, making sure that they have some common sense about some world-famous scientists.Later the students will be divided into several groups, describe one of the great scientistsand let other students guess who he or she is talking about. In this way, the students should learn to organize their own sentences and express their ideas clearly.After that, the students will feel comfortable to do the quiz in the text. The students should be encouraged to give more information about these ten scientists.Meanwhile, the students in'terest in scientists and science should be cultivated. So two topic discussion questions, as well as the practice exercises are designed.The post- class activities are designed to arouse the students ' interest in science and encouragethem to “ DIY —do it yourself ” in their daily life if they have some doubt inasroemase.Teaching Important PointsHave the students discuss great scientists.Encourage the students to hold their views about their future career.Understand and learn the following words and expressions: engine, characteristic, radium, theory, scientific, examine, conclude, analyse, repeat, defeat, attend, expose, cure, control, absorb, severe, valuable, blame, immediately, handle, announce, instruct, virus, construction, contribute, positive, movement, backward, complete, enthusiastic, spin, reject, view, steam engine, put forward, draw a conclusion, in addition, link...to..., be strict with, lead to, make sense, point of view.Teaching DifficultiesWhat can we learn from the scientists?What should we do in our daily life to develop our interest and love for science?Teaching AidsCAI equipment with a Multi-media classroom and other normal teaching tools.Three Dimensional Teaching AimsKnowledge AimsLearn something about some famous scientists in the world.Know about the outstanding discoveries, inventions and theories from some well-known scientists.Try to understand and learn the important words and expressions.Ability AimsDevelop the students ' ability of speaking.Encourage the students to give more information about the great scientists.Emotional AimsEncourage the students to learn more about the great scientists and learn from them.Help the students to form the good habit in learning and encourage the students to take part in social practice.Help the students to realize that it is scientific spirit that makes those scientists successful.Encourage the students to develop their love for science.Teaching ProcedureStep 1 GreetingTeacher: Hello, everyone.Teacher: Hello, Mr.../Ms...Step 2 Lead inT: I 'm very glad to see you all herAe.fter a long holiday, all of you look energetic and happy. I hope that we will work hard together happily all through the year. I do believe that a bright future is waiting for you. We are sure to realize our dreams in the near future. By the way, I 'd like to knowwhat you would like to be in the future. Let me share your dreams. Anyone who gives your idea will get a star for your group. Ready?Go!S: I admire Yang Liwei very much, who is a great honour to our motherland. I 'd like to be anastronaut like him.T: Yeah, the spacecraft, Shenzhou V, orbited the earth 14 times in 21 hours, making China the third country to have successfully sent an astronaut into space. I hope you will realize your dream.S: I want to be a doctor. I hope I ' ll be an outstanding one and be expert in finding cures for different kinds of cancers.T: That ' s a good idTehae. re are so many patients with cancers in the world, who are suffering a lot. Thank you!S: I want to be an English teacher like you. For one thing, I like English very much; for another, you are not only strict with us but also patient with us. You are just our friends and maybe more than our friends sometimes.T: I ' m really glad to hear that.It ' s my great honor to be your friends and I like my job very much.S: I ' d like to be an expert in environmenYt.ou see, with the development of industry, our globe is seriously polluted. Dirty water, polluted air, and loud noise make our living conditions worse. I think we should leave a beautiful world to the next generation.T: Yes, someone predicted that the last drop of water in the world would be the tear of human being 'Is.think all of us should pay attention to our environment, and make our contributions to improving the environment.S: I ' m so interested in physicAsn. d I have read Stephen Hawking ' s A Brief History of Timetwice.I hope I will be a scientist like him. As we all know, the development of our society will go hand in hand with the development of science.T: Yeah, I can ' t agree with you mScoireen.ce plays an important part in the development of oursociety. There are so many examples in the history of human beings.Ss: ...T: I ' m so glad to share your dreamYso.ur ambition and careful thoughts really leave a good and amazing impression on me. I like them. In this unit, you will learn something about “ Great scientists Ma ”y .be you will know what you need in your efforts to realize your dreams after we talk about some world-famous scientists. Before we come to “ Warming up ” , I ' d like you to come to the new words in this unit, which will help you to learn this unit.Step 3 Word puzzlesT: Open your books and turn to Page 92.Let ' s read the words and expressions together.(Let the students read the words and expressions together. Help them pronounce the new words and expressions correctly. Later give them some time to practise reading and remember some easy and important ones. Give more help to those who are poor in pronunciation.)T: Here are some definitions of some of the words from this unit.Please work in pairs and match the words with their definitions.(group competition)I. positive9.power to order or direct J. con elude lO.quite certa in or sureT: Now, let ' s check the answfer —?4, B — 2, C — 1, D — 3, E — 6, F — 5, G — 7, H — 9, I —10,J — 8. You have done a good job. I will give you some more minu tes to go over all the words and expressi ons and the n fill in the bla nks with proper forms of some of them from this un it.1. “ All roadslead to Rome, ” he en couraged me after I failed the entrance exam in ati on.2. This sentence doesn make any sense. WordsA. examineB. repeatC. theoryD. immediatelyE. completeF. valuableG. announce Definitions or explanations 1.general principles of an art or science 2.say or do again 3.at once; without delay 4.look at...carefully in order to learn about or from... 5.of great value, worth or use 6.having all its parts; whole; finished 7.make knownH. control e or bring to an end3. Our En glish teacher is not only strict with us but also frien dly to us.4. He is good-look ing, apart from his no se.5. It is announced that the spacecraft, Shenzhou W , landed on the earth successfully.6. It is not Tom but you who are to blame.7. In 1995, the Chinese government put forward a plan for “ rejuvenating the nation by relyingon scienee and education ” .And it has helped Chinese scientists make many breakthroughs.8. Have you drawn any conclusion after you read this passage?T: Well done. So much for the lear ning of the new words and expressi ons.Step 4 BrainstormingT: Now let ' s come to the title of this unit Great scientistshen we talk about great scientists,what will come into your min d（s）?We will go on our competiti on.S1： Madame Curie, who got two Nobel Prizes, one for physics and the other for chemistry, is really outsta nding among all the wome n scie ntists.S2: It reminds me of the great inven tor n amed Thomas Alva Edis on and one of his famoussayings “ Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration. ”S3： Yes, we lead a better life now with the help of scie nee. Without Edis on, maybe now we arestill living in a dark world. They really make our life easier and more comfortable.S4： I also think of one of the quotes from Albert Einstein, “ Imagination is more important thai kno wledge. ”S5： All the scie ntists are devoted to the career that they choose, and they set good examples tous in our work.S6： Take all the scie ntists for example, if we want to be successful in the future, we should notonly lear n someth ing from our textbooks, but also take part in social practice and get close to n ature to lear n more about it.S7： I like plants very much. I just think of the two key scientists in the field of botany, Carl Linnaeus and Joseph Banks. The former one laid the foundation for the classification of plants, while the latter one also made great con tributi ons to the developme nt and direct ion of bota ny.Ss:...T: I ' m glad to see that you have a great deal of previous knowledge of famous scientists in the world.Step 5 Previous knowledgeT: Now let 'match some of the great scientists with their famous discoveries, inventions or theories. Let me see who is the quickest in mind and action and can get all the an swers correct.Famous scientistsA. Isaac Newt onB. Charles DarwinC. Madame Curie Discoveries/lnventions/Theories1. Evolution （进化论）2. D iscovery of Radium （镭）3. N ewton ' s LawD. Albert EinsteinE. Thomas Alva EdisonF. Nicolaus CopernicusG. Stephen HawkingH. Zhang Heng 4. Electric bulb5. Theory of Relativity6.Seismograph7.A Brief History of Time(Check the answers with all the students: A —3, B—1, C—2, D—5, E—4, F—8, G—7, H—6.)T: Since you have a better understanding of some of the great scientists, let 'plsay a game. Please work in groups and describe one of the great scientists, and then let other students guess who you are talking about.Group 1: In the eighteenth century, there lived a great scientist who conducted a number of experiments in which he showed what electricity is. Once he did a famous kite experiment on a stormy day, and proved that lightening and electricity are the same thing.S: Benjamin Franklin.Group 2: It is said that this English gentleman was sitting in his garden one day when suddenly he was hit by a falling apple. The story is probably not true, but this man did mention that he got one of his best-known ideas while watching apples fall from a tree. His name makes you think that he was not too interested in old things. He discovered the force of gravity, and he drew up a system of how objects move. His laws for motion are still used in physics today, at least in schools and universities.S: Sir Issac Newton.Group 3: Food is what sets this great mind on fire. Rice, to be exact. This great mind has spent most of his life looking for ways to help farmers grow more rice so that all of us will have enough food to eat. He is known as the father of modern rice, but because of his long friendship with all the farmers in China, he would rather be known as “ the farmer ”.S: Yuan Longping.Group 4: He was born on 8 January 1942 in Oxford, England. He has worked on the basic laws which govern the universe. He showed that Einstein ' s General Theory of Relativity implied space and time would have a beginning in the Big Bang and an end in black holes. He has three popular books published: his best seller A Brief History of Time, Black Holes and Baby Universes and Other Essays and most recently in 2001, The Universe in a Nutshell.S: Stephen Hawking.Ss: ...T: Well done.Step 6 QuizT: You have already known some information about some of the great scientists. Now let ' s do a quiz, trying to find out who these scientists are.Quiz Questions1. Which scientist discovered that objects in water are lifted up by a force that helps them float?2. Who wrote a book explaining how animals and plants developed as the environment changed?3. Who invented the first steam engine?4. Who used peas to show how physical characteristics are passed form parents to their children?5. Who discovered radium?8.The earth moves around the sun.6. Who inven ted the way of givi ng electricity to everybody in large cities?7. Who was the pain ter that studied dead bodies to improve his painting of people?8. Who inven ted a lamp to keep miners safe un dergro und?9. Who inven ted the earliest i nstrume nt to tell people where earthquakes happe ned?10. Who put forward a theory about black holes?Check the an swers with the stude nts.1.Archimedes2.Charles Darwin3.James Watt4.Gregor Mendel5.Madame Curie6.Faraday7.Le on ardo dav inci8.Humphrey Davy 9.Zha ng Heng 1O.Stephe nHawk ingT: Please work in groups and have a discussion to find as much information as possible about these ten great scie ntists.(The teacher had better join in the discussi on and give them some guida nee whe never n ecessary. After the discussion, ask some students to give a short report about what the group have discussed.)(Refer to the in formatio n about these scie ntists below, and various an swers are possible.)Step 7 PracticeT: Today we have lear ned a lot about great scie ntists in the world. We can lear n from them to live our dreams. And we teachers are too willing to help you. In your opinion, what should our school /teachers/stude nts do to tap the stude nts' pote ntial?S: Our school should give the stude nts more cha nces to take part in social practice.S: Our teachers should help the stude nts use their imagi nati ons.S: We stude nts should solve the problems on our own.(Ask more stude nts to give their opinions. The teacher should en courage them, joi n them, praise them, and make comme nts on their ideas.)Step 8 Discussion (Group Competition)T: Your ideas are so wonderful and amazing. I admire them very much. Now let ' s come to our topic.Topic 1: What can you learn from these scientists?Topic 2: What qualities should we have to be a successful man?(Give the students several minutes to have a discussion. Then let them have a group competiti on.)Step 9 Summing upT: In this period, we have talked a lot about great scientists. You have a lot of previous kno wledge and you are full of imag in ati on and creativity. Those scie ntists set good examples to us. And I think all of us are happy about learning more of them. After class, it ' s better to read some books about them and you can surf the Internet to get more information.And I ' d like you to make a“ Scientists Album in the following week.The Design of the Writing on the BlackboardUn it 1 Great scie ntistsPeriod 1 Welcome to the UnitBrainstorming1. Cover a glass of water with a piece of thick paper. Put one hand on the paper and tur n the glass upside dow n.Slowly take your hand away. What happe ns? Why? 2. Fill one glass with fresh water and ano ther glass with salt water. Put an ice cube in each glass. What happe ns? Why?3. Find out as many famous say ings from those scie ntists as possible.Reference for Teaching1.Charles Darwin was born in Shrewsbury (shropshire) to a moderately wealthy family with a strong intellectualheritage. His grandfather, Erasmus Darwin, was a physician, poet and biologist who laid some of the groundwork for the grandson ' s revolutiCIn ar lesiatiiended Christ ' sCollege at Cambridge with initial thoughts of entering the clergy, but soon took up studies in biology, zoology and geology. From 1831 to 1836, he served as a n aturalist aboard the HMS Beagle on its scientific mission to South America and the Pacific. Back in England, he published a series of scientific treatises which established his reputation as one of theprominent thinkers of his day. From 1842 on wards, he lived on a country estate in Kent and pursued his studies among its garde ns and livestock.By 1844, he had written the initial draft of his groundbreaking treatise on evolution and natural selection. However, he left this work unpublished for several years, preferring to refine and elaborate its core ideas. In 1858, he read aforthcoming paper by a fellow scientist Alfred Russell Wallace whose thesis closely paralleled Darwin ' s own unpublished ideas, an event which pushted Darwingo public with his own research.Both Wallace ' s and Darwin ' s papers were presented to the Linnean Society in a famous July, 1858 meeting. Darwin published The Origin of Species by Means of Natural Select ion in 1859, spark ing decades of conten tious debate which ultimately led to the uni versal scie ntific recog niti on of Darwin In lat 'r gea s jsne developed his ideas further inmono graphs on differe nt types of pla nt and ani mal life.Notes:Shrewsbury:什鲁斯伯里［英国英格兰西部城市］physician:内科医生(注意区分physicist,物理学家) revoluti on ary:仓 U 新的HMS:(英国)皇家海军舰船 (Her/His Majesty ' s Ship)treatises:论文2.Stephen William Hawki ng was born on 8 Jan uary 1942 (300 years after the death of Galileo)in Oxford, England. His parents house was in north London, but during the Second World War Oxford was considered a safer place to have babies. When he was eight, his family moved to StAlbans, a town about 20 miles north of London. At eleven Stephen went to St Albans School, and then on to UniversityDIYWord?expressions ：1.Z3.t 4. famous 毎iemiMs and their discoveries/ inventions/ lheoriesResearch and ActivitiesBrainstomning:College, Oxford, his father old college. St'ep s hen wanted to do Mathematics,although his father would have preferred medicine. Mathematics was not available at University College, so he did Physics instead. After three years and not very much work he was awarded a first class honours degree in Natural Science.Stephen then went on to Cambridge to do research in Cosmology, there being no-one working in that area in Oxford at the time. His supervisor was Denis Sciama, although he had hoped to get Fred Hoyle who was working in Cambridge. After gaining his Ph.D. he became first a Research Fellow, and later on a Professorial Fellow at Gonville and Caius College. After leaving the Institute of Astronomy in 1973 Stephen came to the Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, and since 1979 has held the post of Lucasian Professor of Mathematics. The chair was founded in 1663 with money left in the will of the Reverend Henry Lucas, who had been the Member of Parliament for the University.It was first held by Isaac Barrow, and then in 1663 by Isaac Newton.Stephen Hawking has worked on the basic laws which govern the universe.With Roger Penrose he showed that Einstein 'Gesneral Theory of Relativity implied space and time would have a beginning in the Big Bang and an end in black holes. These results indicated it was necessary to unify General Relativity with Quantum Theory, the other great Scientific development of the first half of the 20th Century. One consequence of such a unification that he discovered was that black holes should not be completely black, but should emit radiation and eventually evaporate and disappear. Another conjecture is that the universe has no edge or boundary in imaginary time. This would imply that the way the universe began was completely determined by the laws of science.His many publications include The Large Scale Structure of Spacetime with G F R Ellis, General Relativity: An Einstein Centenary Survey, with W Israel, and 300 Years of Gravity, with W Israel.Stephen Hawking has two popular books published: his best seller A Brief History of Time, and his later book, Black Holes and Baby Universes and Other Essays.Professor Hawking has twelve honorary degrees, was awarded the CBE in 1982, and was made a Companion of Honour in 1989.He is the recipient of many awards, medals and prizes and is a Fellow of The Royal Society and a Member of the US National Academy of Sciences.Stephen Hawking continues to combine family life (he has three children and one grandchild), and his research into theoretical physics together with an extensive programme of travel and public lectures.3.Humphry Davy, a woodcarver ' s son, was born in Penzance in 1778. After being educated inTruro, Davy was apprenticed to a Penzance surgeon.In 1797 he took up chemistry and was taken on by Thomas Beddoes, as an assistant at his Medical Pneumatic Institution in Bristol.Here he experimented with various new gases and discovered the anesthetic effect of laughing gas (nitrous oxide).Davy published details of his research in his book Researches, Chemical and Philosophical (1799).This led to Davy being appointed as a lecturer at the Royal Institution.He was a talented teacher and his lectures attracted large audiences.In 1806 Davy published On Some Chemical Agencies of Electricity. The following year he discovered that the alkalis and alkaline earths are compound substances formed by oxygen unitedwith metallic bases. He also used electrolysis to discover new metals such as potassium, sodium, barium, strontium, calcium and magnesium.Davy was now considered to be Britain ' s leading scientist and in 1812 was knighted by George 川.With his assistant, Michael Faraday, Davy travelled abroad investigating his theory of volcanicaction.In 1815 Humphry Davy invented a safety lamp for use in gassy coalmines, allowing deep coal seams to be mined despite the presence of firedamp (methane).This led to some controversy as George Stephenson, working in a colliery near Newcastle, also produced a safety lamp that year. Both men claimed that they were first to come up with this invention.One of Davy 's most important contributions to history was that he encourage manufacturers to take a scientific。

高中英语 Unit1 Great scientists 第2课时导学案新人教版必修5Great scientists第2课时导学案新人教版必修51、contribute vi、& vt、捐助，捐献，贡献；投稿【例句】1）He contributed to the church、他向教会捐款。

2）He often contributes to this newspaper、他经常向这家报社投稿。

3）Cigarette smoking is a major factor contributing to cancer、吸烟是导致癌症的主要因素。

[重点用法] contribution、 n、捐献，贡献；投稿contribute…to …向……捐献(投稿)contribute to…促成，起作用，有助于 make a contribution to／towards向……捐赠；对…作出贡献注意: 以上短语中to为介词；[练习]用contribute的恰当形式或短语填空。

1)Everyone is encouraged to ___________ _________the discussion、2)Her work has ___________ ___________our understanding of this difficult subject、3)She has __________ poems to literary magazines、2、apart from 除……之外;另外【例句】1）Apart from a few faults，he is a perfect teacher、除了几个缺点之外，他是一个很好的老师。

2）Apart from the cost，the dress doesnt suit me、姑且不论价格，这件礼服也不适合我穿。

辨析：besides/except/except for/apart from1）besides是“除了…以外（还有）” 的意思，有肯定的附加意义，表示在整体中加上一部分，除去的部分包括在内，是包容关系。

必修5 Unit 1 Great Scientists 自学提纲第一部分词汇学习【学习目标】了解词的构成;掌握重点词的用法.【课前自学】查字典,了解下列词的词性变化,并写出其正确形式.1. character _________________(n.特征；特性)2. paint _____________(n.画家；油漆匠)3. science ________________(adj.科学的) _______________(n.科学家)4. vi. 结束，推断出________________ n. 结论；结束 __________________5. vt.分析________________; n.分析_________________; adj.分析的________________6. n.物理______________; n.物理学家______________; adj.身体的________________;n.内科医生______________7. vt.暴露,揭露 ______________; (n.)___________________8. vt.污染,弄脏_________________; ________________(n.)9. vt.宣布，通告________________; ________________(n.); _________________n.播音员10. vt. 命令，指示________________ n. 命令，指示，用法说明_________________adj. 有教益的_________________11. adj.有责任的,负责的 _______________; (adv.)_________________; (n.)____________12.vt.建设,修建________________; n.___________________; adj.______________________13. vt.捐献,贡献________________; n.______________________14. create vt. ; ________________(n.); _________________(adj.)15. adj.积极的,肯定的 _______________; (反义词)___________________16. adj.热情的，热心的_________________ n. ____________________【问题展示】重点词汇学习.阅读并翻译下列句子,体会其用法的不同,并进行归纳总结.1.concludeThe meeting concluded without an agreement.He concluded his speech with some amusing remarks.He concluded from the evidence that she was guilty.You should think twice before making the decision. Don’t jump to conclusion.He _______ the conclusion that the room must have been empty.★【拓展延伸】你知道“得出结论”有几种表达方式吗?_________________________________________________________________________归纳: ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2.attendHe did not attend the meeting yesterday.The school was attended almost entirely by local chidren.There was no one to attend (on) him but Tina.Who will attend ( to )the patient if you go out?I’ll attend to that problem later.★【拓展延伸】你知道“参加”有几种表达方式吗?他们有什么不同吗?试辨别:As he had to ______ the summer course, he didn’t go on a visit to Qingdao with his parents.A. joinB. attendC. take partD. join inThey had a quiet wedding ─only a few friends ______ it.A. joinedB. attendedC. took partD. join in3.cureThe medicine should cure you of your cold.Parents try to cure their children of bad habits.An effective cure for cancer has not yet been found.归纳:_______________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________【拓展延伸】辨别treat/cureThe doctor _______ her cancer with a new medicine but didn’t _______ her.The doctor ______ her broken leg now.The doctor ______ the patient of his illness.4.absorbClever children absorb knowledge easily.Aspirin is quickly absorbed by /into the body.The big company has gradually absorbed these small companies into its own organization.The writer was absorbed in his writing.归纳:_______________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________5.suspectShe strongly suspected that her husband had been lying.He’s suspected of murder.He was suspected of giving false information.Two suspects were arrested today in connection with the robbery.The evidence against him was highly suspect.归纳:_______________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________6.blameHe blamed his brother for breaking the window.The driver was not to blame for the accident.Don’t always put the blame for your failure on others.You must bear/take the blame for the accident.归纳: ______________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________-7.contributeThe writer personally contributed$10,000 to the earthquake fund.He offered to contribute to the Red Cross.She had contributed to a newspaper.Plenty of fresh air contributes to good health.He made great contributions to the film industry.___________________________________________________________________________8.rejectThe proposal was firmly rejected.I’ve been rejected by all the universities I applied to.【拓展延伸】辨别reject/refuseChoose the good apples and _______ the bad ones.He ________ any idea of reforming the system.He ________ to make any changes.【课堂检测】1. ______ writing the article, Mrs. Curie even forgot her dinner.A. Absorbed inB. Absorbing atC. Having absorbed by...D. To absorb in2. The doctor telephoned to say that he couldn't ______the meeting because he had to ______ a patient.A. come to; attend toB. attend; attendC. join; treat D . attend on; look after3. The president ____ the new economic policy.A announcedB toldC informedD promised4. Before using the machine, you must ____ carefully to these instructions .A joinB join inC take part inD attend5. This medicine will ____ him of his cough.A recoverB cureC treatD heal6. To our surprise, the man, who was looked down upon by others in the past, is now ____the whole project.A beyond controlB in control ofC out of controlD losing control of7._______ the injures to his face and hands，A. Beside C. Apartfrom8. I feel it is your husband who _______ for the spoiled child.A. is to blameB. is going to blameC. is to be blamedD. should blame【课后作业】1. This new e _______________for the car works well.2. She has a strong c_________________.3. The farmers in this area had a good harvest last year thanks to the s______________farming.4. The doctor had my eyes e_____________for weakening.5. The meeting c________________at eight o'clock.6. They were d _______________ in their attempt(企图)to reach the top of the mountain.7. The little brave girl e _________________ the crime(罪行)of the criminal(罪犯).8. He was a____________________in the book.9. He b ____________________ me for my negligence(疏忽大意).10. I think you are too s_________________ on the boy.11. He finished his work in a__________________(积极的) way.12. We must try to _________________(分析)the causes of the strike.14. He has______________________(完成)the whole job already.15. In the factory the workers______________(纺成线)wool into thread.16. Be c_________________when you cross the street.17. You should not r_________________the invitation from your old friend.18. What is your v__________________on Chinese education?19. The police are watching the man's m_________________secretly.20. The class needs a s__________________teacher.21. Kindness is one of the prime minister's __________________(特征).22. Britain_________________(议定) a trade agreement with China.23. Don't ________________(暴露) your skin to the sun or you will be burned.24. The ________________(贵重的) culture relics will be on show in Guangzhou Art Museum in October.25. The famous Korean play actor got an________(热情的) reception in Hong Kong.26. The most important thing is not to admit ________________(失败)-27. Water and salt are _____________(吸收) into our blood stream everyday.28. If a doctor or a medical treatment c__________someone's illness, they make thepeople well again.29. A v_________________is a kind of germ that can cause disease.30. If you a_____________something, you consider it carefully or use some methods in order to fully understand it.第二部分Reading ⅠJohn Snow Defeats “King Cholera”【学习目标】1.知识与能力：1）熟练掌握文中重点单词和短语，并了解重要句型的表达法。