Oracle默认用户名密码

oracle的oci和thin区别经过上网查询，得到如下结果：jdbc：oracle连接的是oracle数据库thin是一种方法angel/oracle那个angel是用户名，oracle是密码192.168.55.11是你要连的电脑ip1530是oracle的连端口（1521貌似是默认端口）monitordb这是数据库的名字下面是我转载的文章，是关于tomcat数据源中oracle的oci和thin区别：前几天同事跑过来跟我说，机房中的一台tomcat服务器跟oracle数据库机连接很慢，查看控制台中的hibernate日志，基本上是一条sql出来要等个1-2秒再出第二条。

但同样的程序在他自己机器上的tomcat运行，同样是连那台数据库机器，就快很多，不会出现前面的每执行1条sql就卡一次壳的情况。

初步分析，我就想到可能是网络原因，机房两台机器连接不畅通，程序和机器差的原因基本可以排除，机房的tomcat机比我们开发机要强多了，而且程序在他的机器上运行又没有问题。

于是我就劝他到机房去检查一下网络状态，但他一时也无法进入，因为机房的管理人员不在。

过了一会，他告诉我问题解决了，把数据库访问的url更换成了oci方式就好了， oci对我来说有些陌生，我一直是用的thin，也没想过其他连接方式。

对于oci我也只能想到oracle 的client中貌似是有oci什么的，当时有其他事情也没管了。

今天有意了解一下区别，先看看thin和oci的url写法上的区别：jdbc：oracle：thin：@server ip： service jdbc：oracle：oci：@service看来oci 的还更加简洁，ip可以省掉不写了。

接下来再找找oci和thin的其他区别，发现有如下解释：引用Oracle provides four different types of JDBC drivers， for use in different deployment scenarios. The 10.1.0 drivers can access Oracle 8.1.7 and higher. While all Oracle JDBC drivers are similar， some features apply only to JDBC OCI drivers and some apply only to the JDBC Thin driver.JDBC OCI client-side driver： This is a JDBC Type 2 driver that uses Java native methods to call entrypoints in an underlying C library. ThatC library， called OCI （Oracle Call Interface）， interacts with an Oracle database. The JDBC OCI driver requires an Oracle client installation of the same version as the driver.The use of native methods makes the JDBC OCI driver platform specific. Oracle supports Solaris，Windows， and many other platforms. This means that the Oracle JDBC OCI driver is not appropriate for Java applets，because it depends on a C library.Starting from 10.1.0， the JDBC OCI driver is available for install with the OCI Instant Client feature， which does not require a complete Oracle client-installation. Please refer to Oracle Call Interface for more information.JDBC Thin client-side driver： This is a JDBC Type 4 driver that uses Java to connect directly to Oracle. It implements Oracle's SQL*Net Net8 and TTC adapters using its own TCP/IP based Java socket implementation. The JDBC Thin driver does not require Oracle client software to be installed， but does require the server to be configured with a TCP/IP listener.Because it is written entirely in Java， this driver isplatform-independent. The JDBC Thin driver can be downloaded into any browser as part of a Java application. （Note that if running in a client browser， that browser must allow the applet to open a Java socket connection back to the server.）JDBC Thin server-side driver： This is another JDBC Type 4 driver that uses Java to connect directly to Oracle. This driver is used internally within the Oracle database. This driver offers the same functionality as the client-side JDBC Thin driver （above）， but runs inside an Oracle database and is used to access remote databases.Because it is written entirely in Java， this driver isplatform-independent. There is no difference in your code between using the Thin driver from a client application or from inside a server.连接方式有以下几种：Oralce provides four types of JDBC driver.Thin Driver， a 100% Java driver for client-side use without an Oracle installation， particularly with applets. The Thin driver type is thin. To connect user scott with password tiger to a database with SID （system identifier） orcl through port 1521 of host myhost， using the Thin driver，you would write ：Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection（"jdbc：oracle：thin：@myhost：1521：orcl"， "scott"， "tiger"）；OCI Driver for client-side use with an Oracle client installation. The OCI driver type is oci. To connect user scott with password tiger to a database with SID （system identifier） orcl through port 1521 of host myhost， using the OCI driver， you would write ：Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection（"jdbc：oracle：oci：@myhost：1521：orcl"，"scott"， "tiger"）；Note that you can also specify the database by a TNSNAMES entry. You can find the available TNSNAMES entries listed in the file tnsnames.ora on the client computer from which you are connecting. For example， if you want to connect to the database on host myhost as user scott with password tiger that has a TNSNAMES entry of MyHostString， enter：Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection（"jdbc：oracle：oci8：@MyHostString"，"scott"，"tiger"）；If your JDBC client and Oracle server are running on the same machine，the OCI driver can use IPC （InterProcess Communication） to connect to the database instead of a network connection. An IPC connection is much faster than a network connection. Connection conn =DriverManager.getConnection（"jdbc：oracle：oci8：@"，"scott"，"tiger"）；Server-Side Thin Driver， which is functionally the same as the client-side Thin driver， but is for code that runs inside an Oracle server and needs to access a remote server， including middle-tier scenarios. The Server-Side Thin driver type is thin and there is no difference in your code between using the Thin driver from a client application or from inside a server. Server-Side Internal Driver for code that runs inside the target server， that is， inside the Oracle server that it must access. The Server-Side Internal driver type is kprb and it actually runs within a default session. You are already "connected". Therefore the connection should never be closed. To access the default connection， write：DriverManager.getConnection（"jdbc：oracle：kprb："）；or：DriverManager.getConnection（"jdbc：default：connection："）；You can also use the Oracle-specific defaultConnection（） method of the OracleDriver class which is generally recommended：OracleDriver ora = new OracleDriver（）；Connection conn = ora.defaultConnection（）；Note： You are no longer required to register the OracleDriver class for connecting with the Server-Side Internal driver， although there is no h arm in doing so. This is true whether you are using getConnection （） or defaultConnection（） to make the connection. Any user name orpassword you include in the URL string is ignored in connecting to the server default connection. The DriverManager.getConnection（） method returns a new Java Connection object every time you call it. Note that although the method is not creating a new physical connection （only a single implicit connection is used）， it is returning a new object. Again，when JDBC code is running inside the target server， the connection is an implicit data channel， not an explicit connection instance as from a client. It should never be closed.这下基本明白了1）从使用上来说，oci必须在客户机上安装oracle客户端或才能连接，而thin就不需要，因此从使用上来讲thin还是更加方便，这也是thin比较常见的原因。

修改oracle数据库⽤户名及密码的⽅法改oracle数据库⽤户名称和密码（Linux为例），有需要的朋友可以参考下。

⼀、修改前准备⼯作：使⽤ssh⼯具以root⾝份连接服务器，然后切换到oracle⽤户：su - oracle(回车)使⽤sqlplus连接数据库：sqlplus /nolog(回车)以管理员⾝份登录sys⽤户：conn sys/sys as sysdba(回车)数据库连接成功，⾄此准备⼯作完成。

⼆、修改⽤户名称。

数据库连接成功后，在SQL>提⽰后⾯继续输⼊:⾸先查到到所需修改⽤户名称的⽤户需要：select user#,name from user$;(回车)--如：user#等于66现在就可以修改⽤户名称了：update user$ set name='新的⽤户名称' where user#=66;(回车)系统会提⽰：1 row updated.说明修改成功，再输⼊：commit；（回车）提交所作修改。

三、修改⽤户密码。

数据库连接成功后，在SQL>提⽰后输⼊：ALTER USER ⽤户名 IDENTIFIED BY 新密码;（回车）再输⼊：commit；（回车）提交所作修改即可。

其它⽹友的补充⽅法：具体操作过程如下：SQL*Plus: Release 9.2.0.5.0 - Production on 星期⽇ 11⽉ 21 13:32:34 2004Copyright (c) 1982, 2002, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.SQL> connect sys/oracle as sysdba已连接。

SQL> select username,password from dba_users;USERNAME PASSWORD------------------------------ ------------------------------SYS 8A8F025737A9097ASYSTEM 2D594E86F93B17A1DBSNMP E066D214D5421CCCTOAD A1BA01CF0DD82695OUTLN 4A3BA55E08595C81WMSYS 7C9BA362F8314299已选择6⾏。

PLSQL操作Oracle创建⽤户和表（含创建⽤户名和密码）
1、打开PLSQL，填写⽤户名和密码（初始有两个⽤户sys和system，密码是⾃⼰安装oracle数据库时定的），Database选择ORCL（默认数据库，oracle中创建的⽤户就像是mysql中建的数据库，两者有异曲同⼯之妙）
2、登陆成功后在界⾯的头部可以看到⼀下信息，最上⾯的system@ORCL就表⽰是⽤户system在登录状态，其中菜单栏的session可以登录、退出
3.然后在下⾯的列表中找到USER，然后右键——》NEW，创建新的⽤户，如下两张图中的内容都要设置，然后点击apply就可以了。

（注：第⼆章图中的三个权限必须设置，否则会出现不能登录或者不能操作表的错误）
关于3个基本去权限介绍：
connect : 基本操作表的权限，⽐如增删改查、视图创建等
resource：创建⼀些函数，⽐如簇、索引，创建表、列等
dba : 相当于管理员权限，拥有系统所有权限
4、登录新建的⽤户，点击前⾯提到的session——》log on，填写⽤户名和密码第三个还选orcl，第四个选默认normal，点击登录
5、在最上⾯可以看到登录状态
6、创建数据库，右键点击左下⾓列表中的Tables—》 NEW，创建新的数据表，填写name，comments是对表的备注，然后在第⼆张图中填写需要的字段及其类型等，最后点击apply应⽤，如图
7、查看创建的表，点击左下⾓列表中的Tables，右键选⾃⼰新建的表，点击Edit date，编辑表中的内容就⾏了。

Oracle连接参数主要用于设置连接数据库的详细信息，包括连接字符串、用户名、密码、端口号、服务名等。

以下是一些常用的Oracle连接参数：1. 连接字符串（TNS名称）：用于标识Oracle数据库实例的位置和类型。

通常采用以下格式：TNS_NAME = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 主机名)(PORT = 端口号)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVICE_NAME = 服务名)))2. 用户名和密码：用于验证连接数据库的用户身份。

在命令行工具（如SQL*Plus）中使用，格式如下：USERID/PASSWORD=用户名/密码3. 端口号：用于指定Oracle数据库监听的端口。

默认情况下，Oracle数据库监听的端口为1521。

4. 服务名：用于区分同一台服务器上运行的多个Oracle数据库实例。

格式如下：SERVICE_NAME = 服务名5. 数据库字符集：用于指定Oracle数据库的字符集，例如UTF8、AL32UTF8等。

6. NLS参数：用于设置Oracle数据库的时区、语言等环境变量。

例如：NLS_DATE_FORMAT = 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'NLS_TIME_ZONE = 'PRC'7. 数据库类型：用于指定Oracle数据库的类型，如ORACLE、SEQUEL等。

8. 连接池参数：用于设置连接池的属性，如最大连接数、最小连接数等。

例如：POOL_NAME = 'mypool'MAX_POOL_SIZE = 10MIN_POOL_SIZE = 59. 隐私设置：用于设置连接数据库的隐私选项，如加密、身份验证等。

SECURITY_MEASURES = ('NONE', 'KERBEROS', 'SSL', 'EXTERNAL_AUTH)10. 其他参数：根据具体需求，还可以设置其他相关参数，如数据库备份、恢复等。