外文文献：Construction Quality Testing Industry Status and Development Strategies AbstractWith China's accession to the WTO, the foreign advanced detection of a large number of institutions will enter the domestic, For long-term protection of the domestic state of the detection unit is an unprecedented challenge. Therefore, this paper analyzes the status of the industry, the development of the industry to identify existing problems and challenges, as well as the development of the industry's response are discussed.Keywords detection, industry, strategy1. ForewordThe construction industry is one of the pillars of the national economy and infrastructure industries. Particularly as China is in a rapid development stage, the whole nation is increasing infrastructure construction. Meanwhile coupled with the construction industry as a driving force for economic development speed of the important forces that the construction industry is in a phase of great development. While China's construction market is in a very active stage, but also at extremely competitive market norms and plagued with problems : The first is to downgrading prices, kickbacks, Loaning "three knives," the prevalence of local protectionism, the rise of trade protection; Second, the construction sector's lack of a scientific management system,legal documents and document management do not match and the advanced foreign relatively big gap between the model; three construction teams is a serious imbalance in supply and demand. construction teams technical content and the quality of personnel is generally not very high [1].With China's accession to the WTO, the impact on the construction industry as a whole will have a far-reaching impact. WTO construction industry is an important aspect. Mainly related to the construction industry, the survey design and consulting, real estate, urban planning, cities with municipal utilities and construction fields related to the intermediary services. In the WTO agreement, the cause of building a service belonging to the scope of trade agreements. From the trade in services agreement connotation, At present, China's current building in the field of international trade at the basic level of labor-intensive services, while developed countries have technology, knowledge and capital-intensive service levels. Generally speaking, the gap is relatively large. China's accession to the WTO must be in accordance with the WTO agreement on the rights and obligations of the principle of balance to the enjoyment of certain rights, we must also fulfill its obligations, commitments, open markets and the risks facing pressure.The construction industry as an integral part of quality testing with the quality of people and raise awareness of the people to keep. Detection of emerging industries from the beginning of development today, as the construction industry is a subsidiary portion : A construction enterprises isthe internal laboratories; A scientific research institutions within the nature of the teaching and research laboratories; One is the quality of supervision and management at all levels established by the government with the supervision of color detection room. Three forms of detection units have been in accordance with their respective fields of work and testing work, and has been affiliated to the parent body in accordance with the department for operation is not yet in independent operation of enterprises idea. However, as the impact of the WTO, according to international testing organizations general requirements must become independent corporate qualifications, should be an independent third-party intermediary services, the position becomes clearer, Detection of various units have started to carry out changes. In a transitional stage, it should be seriously from the perspective of the development of the industry in how to gradually standardized, regularization of the market economy into successful adaptation to changes in the market, the rapid growth and development.Industry Overview2.1 Background industry2.1.1 Testing Industry StatusDetection industry from the formation of today approximately 15 years of experience -- 20 years of history, 10 years has made detection by the small-scale industries in turn, the type of work to a single integrated, Detection market concept from scratch, from covert to overt, variousconstruction projects throughout the country now testing nearly 5,000 institutions, corporate laboratory quantity of approximately 40%, oversight agencies detected 30%, research institutions detection force for 30%.The large number of enterprises belonging to the first laboratory to laboratory, which means that enterprises in order to guarantee the quality of their products and the establishment of the laboratory, Due to its nature to a large extent, limited their testing to the market and As a subsidiary body within enterprises in a position of economic strength, the ability to detect, size and technical strength sessions at a disadvantage in the market testing the market share of about 20%.The establishment of oversight bodies at all levels of detection Room With a policy of absolute advantage because of their government background, it formed a short time to overcome the disadvantages of monopoly through inspection missions in the form of rapidly in size and detection capabilities to gain the upper hand. Detection become mainstream market forces detection. However, the side effects of monopoly behavior is at its long-term policy to protect the state, compared with other inefficient institutions,technical level is not high, poor sense of service, their competitive ability.Research institutions with institutional reform of public institutions and to keep stepping up the detection of operational inputs, it becomes the main development of the industry. and the gradual transition to an independent third party for the detection of corporate enterprises. They rely on theoriginal national scientific research strengths in technical strength, hardware equipment and share office space due to the advantages. Since they first enter the market, and competition in the market has summed up the experience of many.2.12.1.3 detection industry characteristicsDetection industry policy is a strong industryThe testing organizations as the quality of construction projects related to the regulation came into being. Detection market and the formation and development of policy guidance directly affected. Detection of accreditation and quality management industry itself is the government policy adjustment means Detection of the size of the market is the same quality management policy decision directly, it Detection market is not fully open market, detection industry is a strong policy-oriented industries.Detection industry with a strong regionalAs the test industry is highly policy-oriented industries, Therefore local administrative departments will be in accordance with the actual formulation of their own places of special local regulatory requirements, special departments in charge of the industry is the ability to set up a registration system to review the decision directly detect the scope of services to the main location and overseas institutions to enter the local market under strict restrictions. Another quality of the project itself needs to detect large-scale testing equipment, and sample analysis with cleareffectiveness, and Judging from the traffic, cost, operational convenience considerations, and testing work carried out with difficulty across regions, so as to determine the jurisdiction of the market's independence.Testing Industry current threshold is not high technologyDetection of long-term because the industry is monopolized by the government, the degree of market testing poorer. A long time under the protection of the testing agencies often subsidiary departments or sections operation, not formed a separate set of operational development management, in particular with foreign advanced detection comparison, Detection of the lack of management of the scientific system of internal management systems and experience. Due to the above reasons, the usual detection units to the venue and other hardware equipment and technical training hardware input, the extent of the long-term stagnation of low-level redundant development momentum, thus causing the current policy, the element of monopoly, But technical threshold of the low status.Detection of a single institutional tradesDetection industry because of strong government color, it is often lock system in state-owned enterprises or enterprise units Private capital and foreign capital has been watching this area, but the policy has been limited by lack of access. Thus the detection system of a single industry. However, with the reform of state-owned utilities, testing organizations may become joint-stock reform, With China's accession to the World Trade Organizationin-depth, open architecture market has become inevitable, and we can see that the pattern is very unstable, The policy change immediately break the existing balance.Chapter II trades plight3.1 industries facing difficulties and challengesThe construction industry as an integral part of quality testing with the quality of people and raise awareness of the people to keep. Detection of emerging industries from the beginning of development today, we are faced with difficulties and challenges from all quarters.3.1.1 policy risksDetection of industries affected by the policy is the high level of the industry. The emergence and development of policy-oriented results. And the first to face the problem is the policy risk. Our analysis category of standards and standardize the development and implementation of international standards is not that high. China's current testing standards used several decades ago are old standards, those standards with international standards is far below With China's WTO accession, the various standards and are facing a convergence problem. In this evolving standards of the original equipment, and technical forces, methods of operation will be larger changes. Detection industry must face from the above policy changes bring risks.3.1.2 WTO ChallengesFrom the formation of industry development today, institutions aretesting the construction industry as part of the subsidiary there. have formed an independent operation of the management system. However, as the impact of the WTO, according to international testing organizations General Requirements - Guideline 25 to laboratory management [2] For the detection of domestic institutions in terms of Guide 25 of regulatory requirements is not only stranger things More importantly for the management thinking which is completely new system, Our testing organizations in the management of this very lack of experience. The entire industry isFacing industries in the transition stage.3.2 sector the main problemsDetection of businesses are facing not only a variety of risks and challenges, there should be a clear understanding of trade issues and inadequate, only be achieved targeted.3.2.1 currently testing the market very confusing. As part of the construction unit of the sense of the quality of information to stay in the clearance stage, and the current detection unit is a passive acceptance of the construction unit entrusted Thus the detection and the detection of not only the relationship between the commission has been tasked also is testing and testing, In economic relations and impartiality of the two seemingly contradictory, and many units it is very difficult to detect good relations. Testing the market to evaluate a detection unit quality standard is not stringent but whether the necessary flexibility and convenience. In such an environment, it isimpossible to cultivate brand reputation based on the detection units.3.2.2 current detection unit faced the question of how to most from the mother, separated from the survival of future troubles. Some units have already moved away from the essence of the name of the detachment, from the administration and from the economy still is not independent. Therefore, as the true sense of the operation of the independent testing organizations how to manage, How to survival and development have not too much experience to draw on.3.2.3 detection units in the subsidiary as a long-term position in technology, human resources, capital investment is insufficient, and So compared with other industries or fields with other testing organizations, the technical content is not high, and technological development at a slow pace. With the vigorous development of industry, especially China's accession to the WTO, right as soon as possible to improve detection units the technical capacity and technical requirements of urgency.Chapter III sectoral responsesConstruction industry in China is in the stage of rapid development, with the heightened awareness of the national quality, Detecting the development of the industry is full of potential and hope.The community of detection to the more urgent. The same time, higher demands. Therefore detection industry as a way of testing must become industrialized, eventually become a true sense of the impartiality of thethird-party intermediaries. As testing organizations in order to adapt to future developments must also :Improve the monitoring and quality awarenessIntroduce a comprehensive international Guideline 25 generic laboratory management requirements become the trend of the times. My test industry is most lacking is that through the operation of the quality system to ensure detection of justice and authority. Detection of domestic institutions and the international community must continue to implement the guidelines of the 25 requirements, Guideline 25 and the core is a comprehensive quality management. My test industry generally detection quality awareness is not high, the internal quality management experience little, But not because of the current difficulties in implementing abandoned but should on the one hand to the efforts of their counterparts abroad to study advanced laboratory management experience, While local conditions and gradually explore a suitable condition of the quality of its management. Through continuous learning and exploration as soon as possible to reduce our foreign counterparts and the gap between them.Establish the concept of service and find their true positionOur detection industry will be a long time before the detection of impartiality and seriousness and testing service in opposition. Detection also accustomed to "check" for its role, but along with the test industry and the international community. Detection of the advancement of the market, usedto do before "the inspection team" role in the detection staff must change their attitudes. Detection of the future because of the positioning is service, a special technical service, since the service must lay stress on the credit, attitude and the quality of services, this service does not mean sacrificing justice testing to meet the needs of certain clients, but in ensuring the integrity of the testing for improving the detection level of satisfaction with services. Only provide satisfactory services to the detection units in a fair market environment detection survival and development.Establish modern enterprise management conceptsDetection from institutions attribute to enterprises attribute the changes Detection and subsidiary bodies from the past to the status of independent corporate units changing decision of the detection technology is positioning service enterprise, speaking as a testing organizations must establish a modern enterprise management concepts, refer to and use all the advanced enterprise management tools and methodologies to help detect bodies healthy development. For example, the introduction of ERP to control and reduce the cost and increase the efficiency of detection, use CRM software to improve customer service quality, use of the "5S" management method to strengthen the orderly scene detection, using brand promotion measures to improve detection of reputation, and so on. Once detected the introduction of modern industries advanced enterprise management experience and test industry can truly be "bigger and stronger."Foster talentFuture detection units in the competition is in fact the competition of talents. Once foreign counterparts to enter China first launched the battle for talent. As China's industry in terms of detecting most is the lack of professional personnel, Now, China's construction industry practitioners detection generally low quality and our tertiary institutions has not offered specialized professional, Detection of the training industry as a whole development of detection, the focus it is necessary to raise the detection threshold of industry practitioners, establish a detection mechanism for training internal staff and personnel training mechanism, in advance of reserve personnel, to meet future challenges more severe.SummaryConstruction Quality Testing Industry should serve as a unique industry is facing major changes before and the changing of exploration , as the entire industry in terms of not only have to face the increasingly fierce industry competition, should be a clear understanding of their foreign counterparts from the competition. In the transformation of the WTO encountered greater difficulties and challenges, but the test industry should respond positively, and establish a comprehensive quality awareness, draw on modern enterprise management experience, enhance service and the sense of personnel and Our test industry can adapt to international competition, in order to ensure the healthy development of industries.References[1] Xu Bo, "making great quality supervision institutions conscientiously doa good job of adjustments", "quality", 2002, No. 8 2-5.[2] "Testing and Calibration Laboratories generic requirements" (ISO/IEC17025 : 1999). State Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision, p. 1.中文译文：建设工程质量检测行业现状及发展对策摘要随着我国加入WTO，国外先进的检测机构必将大量进入国内，对于长期处于保护状态的国内检测单位带来的是前所未有的冲击。
