Study on Effect of Age of Seedlings Transplant on the Performance of Tomato (Lycopersicon escul

Discipline to Universities of China (B13008) and Huanggang Normal University High-level Cultivation Project (201615703). Corresponding author, ZHU Li, E-mail: zhuli@ Received Dec. 10, 2019; accepted Apr. 13, 2020
头’的根系资源分配与‘92-46’无显著差异; 且‘和尚头’的茎叶资源分配大于‘92-46’, 种子资源分配小于‘92-46’。
总之, 现代品种‘92-46’可能发展出一定程度的合作行为, 通过根系分泌物介导识别邻株根系并减少根系资源
分配; 现代品种‘92-46’资源更多分配到繁殖生长, 而古老品种‘和尚头’更多分配到茎叶生长。
* 国家自然科学基金项目(31421063, 41671040)、高等学校学科创新引智计划(B13008)和黄冈师范学院培育基金项目(201615703)资助
朱莉, 主要研究方向为农业生态学及微生物生态学。E-mail: zhuli@
收稿日期: 2019-12-10 接受日期: 2020-04-13 * This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31421063, 41671040), the Program of Introducing Talents of
Abstract: Belowground competition among individuals of the same genotype can result in root proliferation, a pattern called “tragedy of the commons”. Reducing or eliminating root proliferation could increase seed yield. However, it is not clear whether root competition effect has been influenced by breeding. A greenhouse pot experiment was conducted using an old spring wheat landrace ‘Monkhead’ and a modern cultivar ‘92-46’. Root interactions were set up by adding a mesh partition or a plastic partition between two plants from the same variety. Root competition was also encouraged by placing two plants on the same side of the plastic partition. There were two nutrition treatments: 1 time nutrition application and 2 times nutrition application. We examined the effect of root competition by comparing biomass and resource allocation patterns among the partition treatments. Biomass data showed that plants in the ‘mesh partition’ treatment produced similar root biomass to those in the ‘plastic partition’ treatment without competition, but their shoot biomass and total biomass were higher. ‘Monkhead’ plants in the ‘mesh partition’ treatment produced similar seed biomass to those in the ‘plastic partition’ treatment without competition, whereas seed biomass of ‘92-46’ plants in the ‘mesh partition’ treatment was higher. Root biomass and seed biomass in the ‘2 times nutrition-plastic partition with competition’ treatment were similar to those in the ‘1 time nutrition-plastic partition without competition’ treatment, but their shoot biomass and total biomass were lower. A standardized major axis regression analysis (SMA) showed that root allocation of ‘Monkhead’ was not affected by root competition, but root allocation of ‘92-46’ was decreased slightly (‘mesh partition’ vs. ‘plastic partition without competition’). Root competition had no effect on shoot allocation and seed allocation for both varieties. In addition, Our results revealed composition differences between two varieties. ‘Monkhead’ produced more roots and shoots, but less seeds than ‘92-46’. ‘Monkhead’ also allocated more resources to shoots and less to seeds than ‘92-46’, whereas root allocation was similar between two varieties in most partition sets except for ‘1 time nutrition-plastic partition without competition’. We conclude that the presence of roots from a neighboring plant does not result in ‘the tragedy of the commons’ pattern in either ‘Monkhead’ or ‘92-46’, but affect the resource allocation pattern in ‘92-46’ to some extent. Modern ‘92-46’ is somehow able to develop restraining and cooperative behaviour characteristics in the presence of roots from neighboring plants, whereas ‘Monkhead’ does not show any responses. The differences in resource allocation patterns between two varieties support Darwinian agriculture, which suggests that in order to enhance yield, crop breeding has consciously selected varieties associated with lower competitiveness. Keywords: Darwinian agriculture; Tragedy of the commons; Root competition; Cooperation; Spring wheat varieties; Biomass; Resource allocation

西红柿种植英文作文Title: Tomato Cultivation: A Comprehensive Guide。

Tomato, scientifically known as Solanum lycopersicum, is one of the most widely cultivated and consumed vegetables globally. Its versatility in culinary applications, nutritional value, and ease of cultivation make it a favorite among gardeners and farmers alike. In this comprehensive guide, we will delve into theintricacies of tomato cultivation, from seed to harvest.1. Selection of Varieties:Before delving into the cultivation process, it's essential to select the right tomato varieties suited for your region and intended use. Varieties can range from determinate to indeterminate, heirloom to hybrid, each with its unique characteristics in terms of size, flavor, and disease resistance.2. Soil Preparation:Tomatoes thrive in well-drained, fertile soil with a pH ranging from 6.0 to 6.8. Begin by preparing the soil through tilling and incorporating organic matter such as compost or aged manure to improve soil structure and fertility.3. Sowing Seeds or Transplanting Seedlings:Tomatoes can be grown from seeds or transplanted seedlings. If starting from seeds, sow them indoors 6-8 weeks before the last frost date in your area. Ensure adequate light, warmth, and moisture for germination. Alternatively, transplant seedlings into the garden after the danger of frost has passed and soil temperatures have warmed.4. Planting and Spacing:When transplanting seedlings or directly sowing seeds, ensure proper spacing between plants to allow foradequate air circulation and room for growth. Space determinate varieties 18-24 inches apart and indeterminate varieties 24-36 inches apart in rows spaced 36-48 inches apart.5. Watering and Fertilization:Tomatoes require consistent moisture throughout the growing season, especially during flowering and fruit development. Water deeply, providing 1-2 inches of water per week, either through rainfall or irrigation. Additionally, fertilize regularly with a balancedfertilizer to promote healthy growth and fruit production.6. Pruning and Support:Indeterminate tomato varieties benefit from pruning to remove suckers and maintain a single-stemmed or cordon system. This promotes better airflow, reduces disease incidence, and directs energy towards fruit production. Additionally, provide support for tomato plants using stakes, cages, or trellises to prevent sprawling and keepfruits off the ground.7. Pest and Disease Management:Tomatoes are susceptible to various pests and diseases, including aphids, whiteflies, tomato hornworms, blight, and blossom end rot. Implement integrated pest management strategies such as crop rotation, companion planting, and the use of organic or chemical pesticides as a last resort to manage pest and disease pressure effectively.8. Harvesting and Storage:Harvest tomatoes when fully ripe for optimal flavor and nutritional content. Depending on the variety, tomatoes are typically ready for harvest 60-80 days after transplanting. Gently twist or cut fruits from the vine, taking care not to damage the plant. Store ripe tomatoes at room temperature away from direct sunlight and use within a few days for best quality.9. Saving Seeds:For heirloom or open-pollinated varieties, saving seeds allows for the preservation of genetic diversity and adaptation to specific growing conditions. To save tomato seeds, select ripe, healthy fruits, scoop out the seeds, and ferment them in water for a few days to remove the gelatinous coating. Rinse and dry the seeds thoroughly before storing them in a cool, dry place for future planting.In conclusion, tomato cultivation offers a rewarding experience for gardeners and farmers alike. By following these guidelines and adapting them to your specific growing conditions, you can enjoy a bountiful harvest of delicious and nutritious tomatoes throughout the growing season. Whether enjoyed fresh in salads, sandwiches, or sauces, tomatoes are sure to delight taste buds and nourish bodies for generations to come.。

红光和远红光对番茄生长发育的影响黄薪历;于捷;艾楷棋;杨俊伟;曹凯;邹志荣【摘要】[Objective] This study invested the effects of red light in night and far-red light in day on morphology,growth and development of tomato seedlings.[Method] “Jinpeng No.1” was selected to study the effect of far-red in day (tomato seedlings were put under white LED and far-red LED light 12 h in day and black in night),red light in night (tomato seedlings were put under white LED 12 h in day and red LED light 12 h in night) and control treatment(tomato seedlings were put under white LED 12 h in day and black in night) on seeding morphogenesis,chlorophyllcontent,photosynthetic characteristics,flowering time,endogenous auxin (IAA) and gibberellin (GA3) level and yield of tomato.[Result] After treatment of red light in day,the stem height was increased,the flowering period was advanced and the content of IAA and GA3 in tomato leaves and stem were increased significantly.Chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate were decreased,and both average fruit weight in the first tomato cluster and yield per tomato plant reduced.On the contrary,after treatment of far-red in night,the stem height was decreased significantly.Chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate were increased,and average fruit weight in the first tomato cluster was increased significantly.[Conclusion] In practical production process,it is potential for application of far red LED and red LED for achieving the precise regulation of tomato seedling height,flowering time and vegetative growth stageaccording to requirements.%[目的]研究远红光和红光对番茄幼苗形态调控及生长发育的影响.[方法]以“金棚1号”番茄为试材,设置白天远红光(白天番茄幼苗放在白光LED灯和远红光LED灯下12 h,夜间黑暗)、夜间红光(白天番茄幼苗放在白光LED灯下12h,夜间用红光LED灯处理12h)和对照(白天番茄幼苗放在白光LED 灯下12h,夜间黑暗)3个处理,研究白天远红光和夜间红光对番茄幼苗生长,叶绿素含量,光和特性,茎、叶中内源性生长素(IAA)和赤霉素(GA3)含量以及单果质量和单株产量的影响.[结果]与对照相比,白天远红光处理番茄幼苗的株高显著增加,番茄开花提早,番茄幼苗茎、叶中GA3和IAA含量明显增加,叶绿素含量和光合速率、第1穗果的单果质量及单株产量均降低;夜间红光处理番茄幼苗株高显著降低,番茄开花延迟,番茄幼苗叶片中GA3和IAA含量显著降低,叶绿素含量和光合速率升高,番茄第1穗果单果质量及单株产量显著增加.[结论]在实际生产过程中,可以根据不同的需求应用远红光和红光,实现对番茄幼苗株高、开花时间和营养生长阶段的精确调控.【期刊名称】《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》【年(卷),期】2018(046)003【总页数】9页(P111-118,127)【关键词】红光;远红光;番茄;生长发育【作者】黄薪历;于捷;艾楷棋;杨俊伟;曹凯;邹志荣【作者单位】西北农林科技大学园艺学院,陕西杨凌712100;西北农林科技大学园艺学院,陕西杨凌712100;西北农林科技大学园艺学院,陕西杨凌712100;西北农林科技大学园艺学院,陕西杨凌712100;西北农林科技大学园艺学院,陕西杨凌712100;西北农林科技大学园艺学院,陕西杨凌712100【正文语种】中文【中图分类】S641.2;S624.4+3番茄(Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)是设施栽培面积最大的果菜之一，番茄幼苗苗期的长短及幼苗质量对其坐果和产量都有非常重要的影响。

八年级英语作文种植某种植物的过程 全文共3篇示例，供读者参考 篇1 Growing My Own Tomato Plant I've always loved tomatoes. Whether it's a juicy slice on a burger, diced up in a fresh salsa, or straight from the vine with a dash of salt, there's just something so delicious about that red fruit. Yes, that's right - tomatoes are actually a fruit, not a vegetable! I learned that fun fact in science class last year.

My love of tomatoes is what inspired me to try growing my own tomato plant this spring. I had helped my mom with our little garden before, planting things like green beans, carrots, and lettuce. But I had never grown anything entirely on my own from start to finish. This was going to be my first solo gardening project.

I did a bunch of research online first to learn exactly what I needed to do. Growing tomatoes from seed seemed like the most fun challenge, rather than just buying a small plant from the nursery. The seeds are cheaper and you get to be part of the whole life cycle from the very beginning. The first step was getting the right supplies. I needed a seed starter tray with those tiny little divided sections to plant the individual seeds. My mom helped me pick one up from the hardware store, along with a bag of seed-starting soil mix. This light, fluffy soil is important for seeds because it allows their delicate stems to push through easily as they sprout. Regular potting soil is too dense and can prevent germination.