四六级翻译技巧PPT课件
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英语专业四八级、大学英语四六级翻译技巧6大类解析一、确立主干确立主语1、避免主语机械对应这个地区雨比较多。
Itrains a lot in this area.2、方位词或时间词在主语位置山下住着一位老妇人。
Therelives an old lady at the foot of the mountain.3、用it做主语翻译主语是复合结构的汉语信不信是你的事。
It is your concern whether you believe me or not.最好是等他们回来。
It is advisable to wait till they come back.勤能补拙。
It is diligence that makes fordeficiency.2、确立谓语:英语的动词通常只能由某个动词或者系表结构担任。
在人际关系上我们不要太浪漫主义。
We shouldn't be too romantic about personal relationship.当他活着一天,总要尽量多工作、多学习,不肯虚度年华,不让时间白白地浪费掉。
As long as he is living, he always work and study as hard as possible, unwilling to dream hislife away, let alone waste even a single moment oflife.二、语序调整(1)定语的位置:英语中,单词充当定语时多为前置,短语和从句充当定语时多为后置。
钓鱼是一项能陶冶性情的运动,有益于身心健康。
Fishing is an outdoor sport that can cultivate your mind and it is good for your mentaland physical health.(2)状语的位置他是1970年5月20日在北京朝阳区出生的。
翻译十大技巧一、分句法把原文中一个单词或短语译成句子使原文的一个句子分译成两个或两个以上的句子或干脆把原文的一个句子拆开,译成两个或两个以上的句子。
如:八月中旬,修理组人员在骄阳下工作译: It was in mid-August, and the repair section operated under the blazing sun. (一个单句拆分成了一个并列复合句.二、合句法把原文中两个或以上的简单句,主从复合句或并列复合句等译成一个单句。
例:她已试了好几次,要帮他们另找一所出租的房子,结果并未成功。
译文:She had made several attempts to help them find other rental quarters without success. (多个简单句合成一个单句)三、正译法就汉译英而言,就是把句子按照与汉语相反的表达方式译成英语。
例:我们强烈反对公司的新政策译: We strongly object the company's new policy.四、反译法就汉译英而言,就是把句子按照与汉语相反的表达方式译成英语例:酒吧间只有五个顾客还没有走译文:Only five consumers remained in the bar.五、顺序法顺序法翻译不改变原文表达语序不会影响对原文内容的理解.例:即使在我们关掉床头灯甜甜地进入梦乡时,电仍然为我们工作:开动电冰箱,把水加热或使室内空调机继续运转。
Even when we turn off the bedside lamp and are fast asleep, electricity is working for us, driving our refrigerators, heating our water, or keeping our rooms air-conditioned.在句子中句子前半部分是一个让步状语从句,后半句的"开动","加热" ,使.. .运转都是"电在为我们工作"的具体内容。
第九章翻译(Translation)第一节翻译的题型特点.一、题型特点四级汉译英包括5个句子,每句长度大约在15-30词之间。
句子的一部分已用英文给出,要求考生根据所给汉语意思完成整个句子。
此部分所占分值比例为5%,考试时间为5分钟。
二、测试重点汉译英主要测试考生对英语基本语法及重点词汇,短语及句型的掌握。
在这一章主要介绍重点语法知识和句式。
第二节翻译的答题策略和技巧一、重点句型1.虚拟语气(1)If条件句中A.与现在的事实相反:If + were/did…,… + would do…【例句】If I were you,I would marry him.如果我是你,就会嫁给他。
B.与过去的事实相反:If + had done…,…+would have done…【例句】If you had worked hard,you would have passed the exam。
如果你用功学习,就会通过考试了。
C.与将来的事实可能相反:If …+ should do…,…+ would do…【例句】If it should rain tomorrow,what would you do?如果明天下雨,你怎么办?(2)在动词suggest, order, demand, propose, command, request, desire, insist, require, decide, promise, resolve, argue, maintain, determine, recommend,advise, advocate, persuade等表示“命令”、“建议”、“要求”动词后的宾语从句中要用虚拟语气should+动词原形,should可以省略。
如果上述动requirement, suggestion, idea, recommendation, request, plan, 等名词后的主语从句或表语从句中,使用虚拟语气should+动词原形,should 可以省略。
一、翻译的标准严复:信、达、雅(faithfulness, expressiveness, eleganc e—忠实于原文;译文通顺易懂;译文展示出风采)二、汉译英常用方法和技巧与词有关的翻译方法包括:直译和意译词义的选择词的增补与省略词类转义法重复法正说反译法和反说正译法分句法和合句法直译和意译首先应当指出,直译不是死译,而是指基本保留原有句子结构,照字面意思翻译。
意译也不是胡译、乱译,而是在不损害原文内容和精神的前提下,为了表达的需要,对原文作相应的调整。
例原文:我们的朋友遍天下。
直译:Our friends are all over the world.意译:We have friends all over the world.直译以严格意义上的忠实为宗旨,意译则更多考虑英语的特点,更强调译文的效果,不求形式对应,只求语言在深层次中的对应。
总之,选择直译还是意译,应该根据文章具体需要而定,两种译法可以并用。
✧能直译则直译例原文:爱是耐心和善良;爱不是妒忌和吹嘘;爱不是傲慢和粗鲁。
译文:Love is patience and kindness; love is not jealous and boast; love is not arrogance and rudeness.原文:你们要八仙过海,各显其能,完成这项工作。
译文:You should display your special prowess like eight immortals ( in Chinese legend) crossing the sea, to fulfill this task.✧必须意译例原文:怕什么呢?死了张屠夫,还有李屠夫,人多得很。
直译:If Butcher Zhang dies, there’s Butcher Li yet.译文:What are you afraid of? He is not the only pebble on the beach.✧意译效果比直译好例原文:她怕碰一鼻子灰,话到了嘴边,又把它吞了下去。
1、词类转换英语语言的一个很重要的特点,就是词类变形和词性转换,尤其是名词、动词、形容词之间的转换.[例]她的书给我们的印象很深.译文:Her book impressed us deeply.批注:在这里汉语中的名词需转化成英语中的动词"impress".2、语态转换语态分为被动语态和主动语态,汉语中主动语态出现频率较高,而与之相反,姆此中被动语态的使用率较高.因此考生在译时.要注意语态之间的转换.[例]这个小女孩在上学的路上受了伤.译文:The little girl was hurt on her way to school.批注:这里,“受了伤〞的主动语态转换为"was hurt"的被动语态.3、正反表达正反表达翻逢可以分为两种情况:1.汉语从正面表达时,英语从反面表达.小编简称为“汉正英反〞.2.汉语从反面表达时,译文从正面表达.小编简称为“汉反英正〞.[例]他的演讲不充实.译文:His speech is pretty thin.批注:以上用法属于“汉反英正〞的用法.4、语序变换为了适应英文的修辞防止歧义,有时需要对原文的语序进行调整.5、增词法在译段落时.为了能充分的表达原文含义,以求达意,译时有必要增加词语来使英文的表达更加顺畅.[例]虚心使人进步,骄傲使人落后.译文:Modesty helps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind.批注:中间加上了增连词whereas, 以使西吐的句子表达更加有逻辑性.6、减词法英语的表达倾向简洁.汉语比拟喜欢重复.重复,作为一种汉语修辞方法, 在某种场合下,重复的表达一个意思,是为了强调,增强语气.为了有更强的节奏感和押韵,汉语中也经常会出现排比句.考生在译这些句子时,为了符合英文表达的逻辑,就要有所删减或省略.[例]这是革命的春天,这是人民的春天,这是科学的春天!让我们张开双臂,热烈拥抱这个春天吧!译文:Let us stretch out our arms to embrace the spring, which is one of the revolution, of the people, and of science.批注:如遇到重复的汉语排比句,汉译英时记得遵守其正的逻辑表达,用定语从句来fW,使英文句子读起来也朗朗上口.四六级译中最常用到的就是分句法与合句法,下面我们重点来讲解一下这两个方法. 很多情况下,译句子的时候.需要调整原来的句子结构,分句法和合句法是调整原文句子的两种重要的方法.所谓分句法就是把原文的一个简单句译为两个或两个以上的句子.所谓合句法就是把原文两个或两个以上的简单句或一个复合句译成一个单句.7、合句法把汉语内容关系密切的两个句子甚至更多句子合译为英语的一句就是合句译法.翻逢时,既可以合译为一个主从句,也可合译为成分较为复杂 (如包含非谓语动词等)的简单句.其优点在于不仅用词不多,而且句子显得流畅.合句译法的方法主要有:(1)在关联词处合译[例]每去一次,我的药量就减少一些,最后医生告诉我说,不必再服药了.With each visit ) the dose of medicine prescribed to mewould be progressively reduced until the time came when the doctor said that I would no longer need them.这句话的后半局部表示的是结果,在译时用一个定语从句the time came when the doctor said thatIwould no longer need them 将其连接起来.(2)按内容连贯合译[例]老年人有长处,但也有很大的弱点,老年人容易固执,因此老年人也要有点自觉性.Old people have strengths but also great weaknesses--they tend to be stubborn ) for example--and they should be aware of that.原文的几个短句可被分为两个局部, 后面一局部补充说明前面一局部的“弱点〞.使用破折号可以简单明了地表达出补充说明的关系.(3)从主语变换处合译[例]不注意眼睛的休息,长时间近距离用眼或长期的不正确姿势,会使人眼处于视疲劳状态,进而形成近视眼.If they are used for a long time without rest ) or kept close to the object or with your body in an improper posture , your eyes will be in a stateof visual fatigue ) which will gradually lead to nearsightedness.8、分句法汉译英时,需要分译的句子多数是长句,或者是结构复杂的复句.这种句10子如果译成一个长句,就会使译文冗长、累赘、意思表达不清楚,也不符合英文习惯.如果采用分译,那么会使译文简洁、易懂、层次清楚.(1)从主语变换处断句[例]与会者对这个问题的观点差异太大,以致发生了争吵,一时会场的气氛紧张起来.The opinions of the attendants about this issue were far from unanimous so that some of them began to quarrel with each other.The atmosphere at the11 meeting became tense at the moment.(2)从关联词(如转折处)断句[例]昨天出了好几起交通事故,或许是由于有大雾的缘故吧!There were several traffic accidents yesterday.Maybe it is because of the heavy fog.(3)从意义完整、独立处断句[例]一转眼,20年就这样过去了, 回首往事,是幸福,还是惆怅,恐怕连自己也难以搞清.12Twenty years has elapsed in the twinkling of an eye.When looking back, I ' m afraid that we won ' t know what we can find in the past ) happiness or sadness(4)原文出现总说或分述时要断句[例]我们恢复和采取这些贸易方式的原因很简单:由于我们出口商品就是为了我们国外客户的需要.The reason why we have restored and adopted these trade practices is very simple.13Our export commodities are for the use and consumption of our foreign customers.(5)为了强调语气而采用断句[例]我们主张对我国神圣领土台湾实行和平统一,有关的政策,也是众所周知和不会改变的,并且正在深入全中华民族的心坎.We want peaceful reunification with Taiwan which is part of our sacred territory.Our policyin this regard is also known to all and will not change.The desire for peaceful reunification of the14 motherland is taking hold in the hearts of the entire Chinese nation.面列举了30个常用的句型,路过的童鞋们快来看看是否已经掌握了呢?1)It is + 形容词 + thatIt is conceivable that knowledge plays an important role in our life.可想而知,知识在我们的一生中扮演着一个重要的角色.2)It is + 形容词 + to do/ doing15She had said what it was necessary to say.她已经说了一切有必要说的话.3)祈使句/名词+ and/ orWork hard, and you will finally be able to reach your destination.努力工作,你就能实现自己的目标.4) as+many/ much +名词 + asIt is said that visitors spend only half as much money in a day in Leeds as in London.16 据说,游客每天在利兹的花销仅为在伦敦的一半.5〕倍数词+ as +形容词+ asThe reservoir is three times as big as it was ten years ago. 这个水库的面积是十年前三倍. 6〕倍数词+ more +名词/形容词十than Smoking is so harmful to personal health that it kills seven times more people each year than automobile accidents.17吸烟对人体健康的危害极大,每年死于吸烟的人比死于车祸的人多七倍.7)〔not〕 as/ so…as 〔和....... 〔不〕一样〕The environmental problems are not as serious as they suggested in their report.环境问题没有他们在报告中说得那么严重.8)no more...than 〔与 ....... ——样不〕She is no more fit to be a manager than a schoolgirl would be.18 一个女学生固然不宜当经理,她也同样不宜.9)Nothing is more...than 〔没有比……更……的;……是最……的〕Nothing is more important than to receive education.没有比接受教育更重要的事.10〕感官动词+ of+名词They hurriedly escaped into a cave that smelt of terror.他们仓皇地逃人一个充满恐怖气氛的山洞.1911)without/ not so much as〔甚至没有)Disappointed with her husband ) Mary lefthome without so much as looking back at him 出于对丈夫的失望,玛丽离开了家, 甚至都没有回头看他一眼.12)may/ might as well (…as)(与其……还不如……)One may as well not know a thing at all as know but imperfectly.与其一知半解还不如彻底蒙在鼓里.2013)too...to 〔太....... 而不能极其地〕It was not too bright of them to settle in an area where earthquakes frequently occur.他们选择在地震多发的地区定居,这可不是个明智的决定.14)only to find/ see 〔结果却;没想到会〕He spent almost all his money to buy the hen which was said to be able to lay gold eggs, only to find it could not lay eggs at all.21为了买那只据说能下金蛋的母鸡,他几乎倾家荡产,没想到这只鸡根本不会下蛋. 15)It is undoubted that/ There is no doubt that 〔毫无疑问, 〕There is no doubt that war can be avoided if we get down to peace talk.毫无疑问,如果我们肯认真和谈就能防止战争.16)rather than 〔而不是... 〕22Rather than pursue money to achieve happiness )weshould focus on the improvement of ourselves.我们应该集中精力改善自我,而不是追求金钱的享乐.17)not... until (直到 .......... 才)We can t release the film until we have theapproval from the authority concerned.直到获得有关当局的批准我们才能发行那部电影.18)so/ such (…)that (如此♦…以至于)23With the rumor spreading fast, their anxiety was such that they could not sleep/they became so anxious that they could not sleep.在谣言迅速散播的情况下,他们焦虑异常,无法人睡.19)(The) chances are that (很巨能……) Chances are that she has already known it, and there is no need for us to keep the secret.她很可能已经知道了,所以我们没有必要再保守这个秘密.2420)It occurred to sb. that然想到・・・・・・)It had never occurred toCinderella she would become a princess someday.辛德瑞拉从来没有想到她会成为一位王妃.21)not…but... (不是.... 而是……)To our disappointment, the plan caused not development but destruction.25 让我们失望的是,这个方案带来的不是进步而是破坏.〔突22)It is taken for granted that 〔……被认为是理所当然的〕It has been taken for granted that women should take on all the housework.多年来人们一直认为女性做家务是理所当然的.23)It is/ was said that 〔据说〕It is said that man is the least biologically determined species of all because he possesses26features absent in other natural species.据说人类是生物学上最难归类的物种,由于人类拥有其他天然物种所缺乏的特性. 24)When it comes to... 〔提及,当提到... 的时候〕When it comes to physics, I know nothing.谈到物理学,我一无所知.25)be not much of a... 〔是个不太好的... 〕27Mike is not much of a teacher for he often skips from one subject to another.麦克不是个好老师,由于他总是从一 个话题跳转到另一个话题.26) As far as sb. /sth. is concerned (就 MW, 在来)As far as I am concerned, fashion belongs to women.在我看来,时尚是属于女性的.Shakespeare is not only a great playwright but also a brilliant poet.27) not only...but 而且 .... )also (不但 28莎士比亚不仅是一位伟大的剧作家而且是一位才华横溢的诗人.28)(n) either...(n) or... (既不……也不……;或者……或者……)Liking neither the story nor the background music, he fell asleep in the cinema.他既不喜欢故事情节也不喜欢背景音乐,所以在电影院里睡着了.2929)no sooner than/ hardly when/ scarcely when 〔刚 .............. 就 ... 〕I had hardly opened the door when he rushedin.我刚开门他就冲进来了.30)the more ・・ the more 〔越..... 越... 〕The faster a country ' s economy develops, the slower its population grows.一个国家的经济开展越快,它的人口增长就越慢.30。