土木工程专业英语全部 Document number：NOCG-YUNOO-BUYTT-UU986-1986UT
Lesson 1
Compression Members
New Words
1. achieve achievement
2. eccentricity center, 中心; ec centric 偏心的；ec centricity 偏心，偏心距
3. inevitable evitable 可避免的 avoidable; in evitable 不可避免的 unavoidable
4. truss 桁架 triangular truss, roof truss, truss bridge
5. bracing brace 支柱，支撑；bracing, 支撑，撑杆
6. slender 细长，苗条；stout; slenderness
7. buckle 压曲，屈曲；buckling load
8. stocky stout
9. convincingly convince, convincing, convincingly
10. stub 树桩，短而粗的东西；stub column 短柱
11. curvature 曲率；curve, curvature
12. detractor detract draw or take away; divert; belittle，贬低，诽谤；
13. convince
14. argument dispute, debate, quarrel, reason, 论据（理由）
15. crookedness crook 钩状物，v弯曲，crooked 弯曲的
16. provision 规定，条款
Phrases and Expressions
1. compression member
2. bending moment shear force, axial force
3. call upon (on) 要求，请求，需要
4. critical buckling load 临界屈曲荷载 critical 关键的，临界的
5. cross-sectional area
6. radius of gyration 回转半径 gyration
7. slenderness ratio 长细比
8. tangent modulus 切线模量
9. stub column 短柱
10. trial-and-error approach 试算法
11. empirical formula 经验公式empirical 经验的
12. residual stress 残余应力residual
13. hot-rolled shape 热轧型钢 hot-rolled bar
14. lower bound 下限upper bound 上限
16. effective length 计算长度
Definition （定义）
Compression members are those structural elements that are subjected only to axial compressive forces: that is, the loads are applied along a longitudinal axis through the centroid of the member cross section, and the stress can be taken as f a=P/A, where f a is considered to be uniform over the entire cross section. 受压构件是仅受轴向压力作用的构件，即：荷载是沿纵轴加在其截面形心上的，其应力可
表示为…，式中，假定f a在整个截面上均匀分布。 This ideal state is never achieved in reality, however, and some eccentricity of the load is inevitable. 然而，现实中从来都不可能达到这种理想状态，因为荷载的一些偏心是不可避免的。This will result in bending, but it can usually be regarded as secondary and can be neglected if the theoretical loading condition is closely approximated. 这将导致弯曲，但通常认为它是次要的，如果理论工况是足够近似的，就可将其忽略。This cannot always be done if there is a computed bending moment, and situation of this type will be considered in Beam-Columns. 但这并非总是可行的，如有计算出的弯矩存在时，这种情形将在梁柱理论中加以考虑。
The most common type of compression member occurring in buildings and bridges is the column, a vertical member whose primary function is to support vertical loads. 在建筑物和桥梁中最常见的受压构件就是柱，其主要功能就是支承竖向荷载。In many instances these members are also called upon to resist bending, and in these cases the member is a beam-column. Compression members can also be
