新概念1 阶段语法总结
1一般疑问句(lesson1)
句中有be(am,is.are)动词的，将be动词提到主语前.
例：This is my handbag,-→Is this your handbay?
(说明：第一步：找be动词；第二步：be动词提前。第三步：其他照抄)
2陈述句变否定句(lesson3)
句中有be动词的，在be(am,is,are)后加not,
例:This is my book---→This is not my book.=T his isn’t my book.
3be动词的用法口诀(lesson5)
我用am,你用are,is连着他、她、它，单数名词用is,复述名词全用are.
4 特殊疑问词:what, how, whose ,who, where,which.(lesson7.9.11.17.26.21)
⑴what 引导的特殊疑问句：what+be+疑问的事物? 如: What is your job ?
⑵ how 引导的特殊疑问句: how+be+人/物？用来问一般情况.健康或生活情况.
“怎么样” 例:How is tong ? How are you ? How is your hat ?
⑶ Whose 引导的特殊疑问句：用来询问所属关系.
“谁的”结构:①Whose + 事物+ is this/that?=Whose is this/that + 事物？
②Whose + 事物+ are these/those?=Whose are these/those + 事物？
例:①Whose shirt is this?=Whose is this shirt?②Whose books are these?=Whose are those books?
⑷ Who 引导的特殊疑问句:用来询问人的姓名和身份.例:Who is he ? Who are you?
⑸ Which引导的特殊疑问句:Which + 名词(单数复数都行) + 一般疑问句.
例：Which book do you like? Which cups do you want?
⑹Where 引导的特殊疑问句:用来询问地点
结构:① Where is + 可数名词单数/ 不可数名词/ 单数人名/ 代词.
② Where are + 可数名词复数/ 复数人名/ 代词.
例:① Where is the table / the milk / Jack / he ? ② Where are the apples / tina and jack / they ?
5 名称所有格:表示“...的”.(Lesson 11)
⑴加“ ’s”⑵以s结尾的复数名词加“ ’”.
⑶不以s结尾的复数名词加“ ’s ”.⑷以s结尾的单词加“’s”或“ ’”
6.人称代词: 我你他她它我们你们他们
主格：(作主语) I you he she it we you they (动词前)
宾语：（作宾语）me you him her it us you them (动词后)
形容词性物主代词my your his her its our your their （后接名词）例: I am a student.(做主语) Give me a book.(动词后,做宾语) This is my mother.(我的)
7.名称变复数:(Lesson 15-20):可数名词可变复数.
规则：①直接加s.:book → books apple → apples house → houses
②以s.x.ch.sh结尾的.加es. dress → dresses. box → boxes. watch → watches. dish → dishes.
③以f或fe结尾的. 把f或fe变v加es: wife → wives. leaf → leaves.
④以辅音字母加y结尾的.把y变i加es: family → families.
注意:以元音字母加y结尾的.直接加s: boy → boys.
⑤部分以“o”结尾的加es.口诀: 黑人英雄（爱吃）土豆西红柿.
Negro hero potato tomato
注意:mango(芒果)既可加s. 也可加es. 其余加s.
⑥特殊变化(本书中能出现的)：man→men woman→women child→children
milkman→milkmen sheep→sheep f ish→fish.(fishes代词不同种类的鱼) tooth→teeth
8.祈使句:(lesson 21.23.29):用来表示请求.建议.命令.叮嘱.(通常省略主语you).
结构:动词原形+名称/代词/介词. 例: Give me abook. Open the window. Shut the door.
9.宾语:由名称、代词等来承担，放在动词后，即动作施加给谁，谁就是宾语.
例: She often helps me .
主语谓语动词宾语
双宾语:(lesson21):有时动词可以有两个宾语.一个是直接宾语.一个是间接宾语.
四字箴言:直物间人. 人在前时:Give me a book. 注:人称代词用宾格.
物在前时:Give a book to me (中间加个to)
10.there be 句型(lesson 25.27)
区别: 人有某物用have 如:I have abook.(以后细讲)
某处有某物. 用there be 句型。如: There is a table in the kitchen.
结构: There is + 单数可数名词/不可数名词+ 地点(介词短语)
There are + 复数可数名词+ 地点(介词短语) .
注意: 从后往前翻译. “厨房里有个冰箱” → There is a fridge in the kitchen.
切记: 地点一定在后面. 有一个冰箱在厨房里
变一般疑问句: Is there ~ ? 否定句: T here isn’t ~~~
例: There are some books on the desk. (陈述句)
Are there any books on the desk? (一般疑问句)
There aren’t any books on the desk (否定句)
注意: some和any都可用于复数可数名词.也可用于不可数名词.
但some用于肯定句.any用于一般疑问句和否定句. 考试时别忘了.
11.现在进行时：现在某段时间正在进行的动作(lesson 31.33)
结构:主语+ am/is/are+ 现在分词+其它
现在分词的变化规则:
1+ 直接加ing. climb→climbing. sweep→sweeping
2- 以不发音的e结尾的去e加ing. make→making
3重辅元辅结尾的双写尾字母，加ing run→running sit→sitting.
一般疑问句否定句
例：I am making a cake . → A re you making a cake ? → I’m not making a cake.
He is climbing the tree. → I s he climbing the tree? → H e isn’t climbing the tree.
T hey are running .→ A re they running? → T hey aren’t running
注意:考试时考点: Tom is sitting under the tree.(就划线部分提问)
①②③
①.Who is sitting under the tree? (人被划掉了.用who提问)
②.What is Tom dong ? (动作被划掉了.用what提问.动作变doing)
③.Where is Tom sitting? (地点被划掉了.用where提问)
12. 方位介词（lesson35）：表示方位的介词（详见P71）
注意：方位介词前必须有动词，不可单独使用，如果句子中没有实义动词，默认为be动词。例：她正坐在草地上。She is sitting on the grass. （句子中有实义动词sit）老师在教室的前面。The teacher is in the front of the classroom.
（没有没有实义动词，默认为be动词）
