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名师解析代词、冠词和介词考点一代词Ⅰ.语法填空考点聚焦考向1人称、物主与反身代词1．On my recent visit，I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by (it) mother.(2016·全国Ⅰ)答案its解析根据空格后的名词及上文中的a lively three-month-old twin可知要用形容词性物主代词。
2．A few hours before，I’d been at home in Hong Kong，with (it) choking smog.Here，the air was clean and fresh，even with the rain.(2015·全国Ⅰ)答案its解析空格后面有名词smog，故要使用形容词性物主代词。
3．Now it occurred to (he) that his farm had much potential and that the death of the cow was a bit of luck.(2015·广东)答案him解析句意为：现在看来好像他的农场是非常有潜能的，奶牛的死也似乎给他带来了好运气。
It occurred to sb.that...某人突然想到……，固定句型，此句型中sb.为宾语，应用宾格形式，故填him。
4．Then the driver stood up and asked，“Did anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop？” A woman on the bus shouted，“Oh dear! It’s (I)．”(2014·新课标全国Ⅱ)答案me/mine解析此题答案不唯一，要根据语境仔细揣摩。
此处的it如果指前面的suitcase的话，那么此空需要使用名词性物主代词mine，表示“那个箱子是我的”；如果指前面的anyone的话，那么此空需要用I的宾格形式me，表示“是我在上一站丢失了手提箱”。
高中英语语法之指示代词考点归纳指示代词：是表示“这个”、“那个”、“这些”、“那些”等指示概念的代词，即用来指示或标识人或事物的代词。
指示代词与定冠词和人称代词一样，都具有指定的含义，用来起指示作用，或用来代替前面已提到过的名词。
常用的指示代词有this，that，these，those等。
this（复数形式是these），是指在时间上或空间上离说话人较近的人或物。
that（复数形式是those），是指在时间上或空间上离说话人较远的人或物。
指示代词句法功能：指示代词在句子中可充当主语、宾语、表语、定语。
1、作主语This is the way to do it.这事儿就该这样做。
2、作宾语I like this better than that.我喜欢这个甚至那个。
3、作介词宾语I don't say no to that. 我并未拒绝那个。
There is no fear of that.那并不可怕。
4、作表语My point is this.我的观点就是如此。
5、作定语This room is mine. 这间房间是我的。
指示代词使用注意事项：1、指示代词在作主语时可指物也可指人，但作其他句子成分时只能指物，不能指人，例如：(对)That is my teacher.那是我的老师。
（ that作主语，指人）(对)He is going to marry this girl.他要和这个姑娘结婚。
（this作限定词）(错)He is going to marry this.（this作宾语时不能指人）(对)I bought this.我买这个。
(this指物，可作宾语)2、That和those可作定语从句的先行词，但this和 these不能，同时，在作先行词时，只有those可指人，试比较：(对) He admired that which looked beautiful.他赞赏外表漂亮的东西。
高考英语代词在单项填空中的8个热点考点1 人称代词宾格活用下列情况也用宾格：①在be后作表语。
—Who is it? —It’s me.②在单独使用或带not的简略回答中。
如：—Who broke the cup? —Me! (Not me!)③在感叹疑问句中做主语，以引起强调。
如：—Y ou can tell him. —你可以告诉他。
—Me tell him? Not likely！④当前面有形容词修饰：--He’s got to repay the money —poor him.考点2指示代词的用法指示词有this, that, these, those等。
注意以下4点：(1) this, these是时间或空间上的“近指”，that, those是时间或空间上的“远指”，(2) 指上文提到的事一般用that，有时也用this，指下文的事只能用this。
(3) 打电话时，用this来介绍自己，用that来问对方，不用I或you。
(4) this和that还可表示程度，意为“如此，那么”，相当于so，作状语。
考点3 表示两者和多者的不定代词的比较1. 表示两者“都”用both，表示两者“都不”用neither; not…. either，表示两者中的“任一”用either。
Not both….部分否定“并非两个都”;2. 表示多者“都”用all，表示多者“都不”用none，not … any表示多者中的“任一”用any。
not all…部分否定“并非所有都….”;3. none可指人或物，一般要接表示范围的of短语，可回答how many；而no one 只指人。
不能接of短语，可回答who考点4 some, any的用法辨析表示“一些”，一般说来，肯定句中some，否定句中用any；但在表示请求、建议、劝请或希望对方作肯定回答的疑问句中用some。
另外，any 有时也用于肯定句中，表示“任何”。
带答案高考英语代词必考知识点归纳总结单选题1、________is necessary to learn English.A．HowB．ThatC．ThisD．It2、_________was a desperate race against time to land the plane before it ran out of fuel. Fortunately, the young pilot made it eventually.A．ItB．ThisC．WhatD．As3、—What do you think of the cars on the exhibition?—Well, great. But I don’t think much of_______you’ve bought.A．thatB．whichC．oneD．the one4、The style of the campus is quite different from ______ of most Chinese universities where visitors were amazed by the complex architectural space and abundant building types.A．thatB．oneC．the oneD．those5、Do you think________possible for so many people to sit in such a small room? A．thisB．thatC．thereD．it6、—Excuse me, I want to have my watch fixed, but I can’t find a repair shop.—I know ________. Come on. I'll show you.A．thatB．itC．oneD．some7、I still remember the accident and the troubles ______has caused to me.A．whichB．whatC．itD．when8、I like this house with a beautiful garden, but I don't have enough money to buy_______. A．oneB．itC．thisD．that9、—How do you like the idea of Web TV?—It's a world of interactive TV programming, ______ anything wonderful can happen.A．one whichB．one whereC．the one whichD．the one where10、—How many cats are there in the cage?—_____.A．NoneB．No oneC．NoD．Nothing11、This was a courageous decision, all the board members of the company opposed. A．itB．thatC．oneD．the one12、Jinan city will hold the 11th National Games. We are facing ________ good opportunity, ________ that will lead to our prosperity.A．a; oneB．a; itC．the; oneD．the; it13、You think he's talking nonsense, but I believe there is __________in his words. A．somethingB．anythingC．nothingD．everything14、I must make _________ clear that I’ll always stand by your side.A．thisB．thatC．itD．one15、He wrote lots of best-sellers throughout his life, the majority of translated into English A．whichB．whatC．themD．whose16、Education reform has swept across schools, bringing with ______ new opportunities for students to develop in an all-round way.A．oneB．itC．themD．those17、We offered to pay our half of the cost that was needed to restore the shared doorway but Charles would haveof it.A．nothingB．anythingC．noneD．any18、—What do you think of them?—I don’t know ________ is better, so I’ve taken ________ of them.A．what, bothB．what, noneC．which, bothD．which, none19、—Is it necessary us some photos before saving the old man?—Yes, it is. We can protect ourselves if we do so.A．of; takingB．for; takingC．of; to takeD．for; to take20、—One week’s time has been wast ed.—I can’t believe we did all that work for_________. A．somethingB．nothingC．everythingD．anything21、He is rich and brave. __________ is no wonder he is popular with girls. A．ThereB．ThatC．ItD．What22、When diseases tear away at your body, you can have confidence in a healing system that is beautifully designed to meet its problems and has ___________ of value to offer in the treatment. A．somehowB．somewhatC．sometimesD．something23、—What’s wrong with the newly born baby?—It’s very strange that his left hand is bigger than ______ one.A．anotherB．the otherC．otherD．others24、He wished the twins to be doctors, but ________of them liked to study medicine.A．bothB．NeitherC．eitherD．none25、We took it for granted ______ they would accept the proposal, so we think it no use ______ them eagerly. A．if; convincingB．that; to convinceC．that; convincingD．if; to convince26、Which of the following sentences is correct?A．You can also explore Frick’s beautiful home and garden which are very worth a visit.B．It is amazing that so many great works of art from the late 19th century to the 21st century are housed in the same museum.C．There are various reasons that people write poetry.D．The language is concrete but imaginative, and they are delighted small children because they rhyme, have strong rhythm and a lot of repetition.27、Our club is open to adults only. _______ your children have entered without permission.A．There seems thatB．It seems to beC．There seems to beD．It seems that28、Mr. Li is a good man who always thinks more of others than himself, ______ we should follow the example of. A．itB．himC．oneD．that29、Will you see to ________ that my birds are looked after well while I’m away? A．themB．yourselfC．itD．me30、Usually, a forest fire and the damage ________ causes can be very severe, especially when we consider the long time it takes to grow trees.A．thisB．whatC．whichD．it31、The young man found it difficult ______ the volunteer club.A．joinB．to joinC．joiningD．joined32、We think _______ no use ________ with him.A．it; arguingB．it; to argueC．that; arguingD．that; to argue33、Our principal would like to accept ______ of the practical suggestions on how to improve students’ lunch. A．eitherB．neitherC．bothD．any34、The traffic on the main streets has a longer green signal than that on the small ones. What does the underlined "that" refer to?A．the trafficB．the signalC．the streetD．the time35、The traffic on the main streets has a longer green signal than ________ on the side ones. A．oneB．thisC．itD．that36、Don’t take _____ for granted that he will keep his promise.A．oneB．itC．thisD．that37、—Mary, is this your pen ?—No, mine is bigger, ________ with a blue cap.A．itB．oneC．thisD．that38、I didn't want ________ of the two notebooks and the salesman had to show me ________.A．either; anotherB．all; the othersC．both; othersD．neither; the others39、Mother Teresa, winner of the Nobel Peace Prize, was an influential person globally, ________ devoted to helping those suffering from poverty.A．oneB．one whoC．thatD．who40、—You mustn’t tell ________ about the matter. It’s a secret between you and me.—OK. I promise you.A．anyone elseB．no one elseC．nobody elseD．someone else.41、________ is generally agreed that people should love and protect the environment.A．ThatB．AsC．WhichD．It42、With ________ mistakes, ________ is no wonder that the man got laid off only after working for several months. A．such many…thereB．many such…itC．such many…itD．many such…there43、These trousers are dirty and wet —I’ll change into my ________. A．anotherB．trousersC．othersD．other44、Helen has got two brothers. ________ of them likes chocolate, but she loves it. A．NeitherB．NoneC．EachD．Any45、It’s extremely impolite to speak ill of your teacher after_________she’s done for you. A．somethingB．anythingC．allD．that带答案高考英语代词_005参考答案1、答案：D解析：考查it作形式主语。
带答案高考英语代词考点大全笔记单选题1、It is worth much ______ what is worth ____________.A．doing, to doB．to do, to doC．to do, doingD．doing, doing2、They found _____ impossible to finish so much work in such a short time.A．thatB．is itC．itD．this3、The traffic on the main streets has a longer green signal than ________ on the side ones. A．oneB．thisC．itD．that4、My People, My Homeland is definitely a fantastic movie, ______ taking you to five areas with quite different geographical characteristics.A．oneB．the oneC．itD．which5、I am sorry to inform you that _________ beyond my power to make a final decision on this donation to the underdeveloped regions.A．they areB．what isC．as isD．it’s6、I didn't want ________ of the two notebooks and the salesman had to show me ________.A．either; anotherB．all; the othersC．both; othersD．neither; the others7、--- How much water do you have with you since it is a long walk?--- I’m sorry to say, . I forgotA．nothingB．no oneC．noneD．no8、________ wise man is one good at learning, especially ________ that is good at learning from failures. A．A; oneB．The; oneC．A; the oneD．The; the one9、He found _______ difficult to learn English well.A．it'sB．itC．thatD．this10、Kevin and his cousin both like painting very much.Actually,this is a work painted by___________.A．he and his cousinB．his cousin and himC．his cousin and heD．him and his cousin11、You can ask anyone for help. ________ here is willing to lend you a hand.A．EveryoneB．No oneC．OneD．Someone12、Life comes in a package,_____includes happiness and sorrow, failure and success, and despair. A．OneB．whatC．one thatD．that13、Does it matter ________ will represent us to attend the meeting?A．you think whoeverB．who do you thinkC．you thinkD．who you think14、Is this chicken farm ____________we visited three years ago?A．in whichB．whereC．the oneD．/15、Actually, ________ is a challenging job for the young staff to negotiate contracts with such a big company. A．thereB．thisC．thatD．it16、The building of an ecological civilization has entered a critical period, _________that requires more quality products to meet people’s demand.A．itB．thatC．oneD．the one17、Helping others is a habit, _______ you can learn even at an early age.A．itB．thatC．whatD．one18、To his delight, Tom quickly earned the trust of his girl friend and then ________ of her parents. A．oneB．the oneC．thatD．those19、Ms Shen’s method of teaching is nothing like _________ of the teachers at my Junior High School. A．whatB．thatC．oneD．it20、________ in the office had made a mistake, and the firm regretted causing the customers inconvenience. A．NoneB．AnyoneC．OneD．Someone21、I know the dinner with your boss will be boring, but if you get an important phone call during meal, it is easierto .A．make a hitB．make an exitC．make a differenceD．make a distinction22、—Where’s my pen? I can’t find it. May I use __________?—Sure. Here you are.A．youB．yoursC．yourD．it23、In 2016, I wrote a book, After 9/11，about my experiences and _______of over a dozen of my former classmates.A．thatB．thoseC．the oneD．ones24、Don’t you think unfair that I am turned down over and over again just because I am a bit overweight? A．itB．thisC．thatD．one25、With ________ mistakes, ________ is no wonder that the man got laid off only after working for several months. A．such many…thereB．many such…itC．su ch many…itD．many such…there26、She thinks ________ difficult to finish the work on time by ________.A．it, herselfB．that, her C．it, herD．this, herself27、—Mum, have you seen my U-Disk?—______ you bought last Sunday? I'm afraid I haven't seen ______.A．The one; oneB．The one; itC．One; itD．That; one28、It’s extremely impolite to speak ill of your teacher after_________she’s done for you. A．somethingB．anythingC．allD．that29、Your sister’s clothes are on the bed and ________ are on the sofa.A．yoursB．yourC．hersD．her30、There is no greater love than________ who lays his life for his friends.A．that of a manB．a manC．that of a man’sD．a man’s31、He is a good student, ___________ worthy of being praisedA．thatB．itC．the oneD．one32、Applicants are not required to take IELTS or TOEFL test but it will be appreciated if someone has taken _____. A．noneB．eitherC．neitherD．all33、To my father, there’s no greater happiness than_________ of succeeding in his career. A．thatB．oneC．itD．other34、The old lady said her hands had begun shaking two months before and that ______was _______she was forced to give up her job.A．that; becauseB．that; whyC．why; thatD．what; that35、________ is important for us to break boundaries and work together.A．WhatB．ThatC．ThisD．It36、They think very important to learn English well, so they make good use their spare time to study it hard.A．this；withB．that；ofC．it；ofD．/；for37、I have done most of the housework. Would you please finish ________?A．the otherB．the othersC．the restD．another38、People in the West make _____ a rule to buy Christmas presents for their relatives and friends. A．themB．thisC．itD．that39、—What do you think of the information from books?— It is easier to forget than ________ from life itself.A．the oneB．itC．thatD．those40、In fact ________ is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match. A．thisB．thatC．thereD．it41、— Which of the two films did you prefer?—Actually I didn’t like ______.A．either of themB．both of themC．none of themD．neither of them42、I’ll never forget our English teacher, ________ is a well-educated teacher, ________ we admire very much.A．that; thatB．who; itC．whom; thisD．who; one43、— Can I help you?—I’d like to buy a present for my father’s birthday, ______ at a proper price, but of great value. A．whichB．thatC．oneD．it44、___________is required that under no circumstances _______he betray his motherland even if there are temptations like money or beauty.A．What; canB．It; couldC．It; shouldD．What; could45、________ is believed that heavy smokers are more likely to develop serious illness. A．AsB．ItC．WhichD．What带答案高考英语代词_013参考答案1、答案：C解析：考查非谓语动词。
落堕市安心阳光实验学校语法专项(十一) 代词考点一none，no one，neither，nothing和no的用法1．none“没人，没有任何东西”，既可指人，也可指物。
none后可接of短语，常用来回答how many/much的问题。
They were all tired, but none of them would stop to have a rest.他们都累了，但没有一个愿意停下来休息。
None of us have/has been there.我们中没有人去过那里。
—How many of you have seen the film?你们中有多少人看过这部电影？—None (of us)．一个也没有。
[考题印证](2012·课标全国改编)Larry asks Bill and Peter to go on a picnic with him，but ________of them wants to，because they have work to do.解析：either和neither用于两者，句中but表示转折，所以应填neither，此处表示“但是他们(两人)没有想去的”。
答案：neither2．no one表“没有人，谁也不”，只指人，作主语时，后跟单数动词。
常可用来回答who引导的问句。
—Who can answer the question?谁能回答这个问题？—No one.没人。
3．nothing意为“没有东西”，一般回答what。
—What's in the cave?洞里有什么？—Nothing.没什么。
[考题印证]—Can I have some milk for my coffee?—I'm afraid there is ________ left.解析：none表示“没有”，既可以指人，也可以指物，但此处指的是物，强调的是数量。
新高考高中英语语法二轮复习【全国通用】代词考点讲义25【精讲版】介词+反身代词的重要搭配知识点总结搭配一 among oneself该搭配中的反身代词通常为ourselves, themselves，且通常与动词agree, argue, quarrel, decide, divide, talk 等搭配，表示“彼此”“互相”“……之间”之类的意思。
如：They were busy arguing among themselves. 他们忙着互相争论。
We were always quarrelling among ourselves. 我们之间老是互相争吵。
They talked among themselves while they waited. 他们一边等着一边互相谈话。
Volunteers divided the different jobs among themselves. 志愿者们分担各种不同的工作。
The trainees decide among themselves what programs to take. 受训者自行选择所学课程。
The trou ble was they couldn’t agree among themselves.麻烦的是他们自己不能取得一致的意见。
有时也与discussion, dispute等名词搭配。
如：They had a heated discussion among themselves. 他们之间进行了热烈的讨论。
They tried to settle disputes among themselves. 他们试图解决彼此之间的纠纷。
搭配二 between ourselves该搭配为英语中的固定短语，意思是“勿与外人道私下说的话”“咱们私下说说（不足为外人道）”等，在具体语境中通常可以有比较灵活的翻译。
如：All this is between ourselves. 这些我们只是私下说说。
代词高考真题解析一、单项选择代词1．I’m as big as human. In fact, I look like ______ too.A．the one B．thatC．it D．one【答案】D【解析】考查不定代词。
句意：我同人一样大，事实上，我看起来像一个人。
此处用one代替前面的human，故选D。
2．You should make ______ a rule to leave things______ you can find them easily.A．it; where B．it; then C．that; there D．this; when【答案】A【解析】考查代词及状语从句。
句中it作形式宾语，真正宾语为to leave things where you can find them easily；where引导地点状语从句，选A。
3．----Which of these resorts do you like best?----______. They are both hot and crowded.A．Either B．Nothing C．Neither D．None【答案】D【解析】考查情景交际和不定代词。
“这些旅游胜地你最喜欢哪个？”“一个也不喜欢。
他们既炎热又拥挤。
”答语中的both ...and修饰的是hot和crowded，不要误以为是两者。
根据问句中的these可知，是三者以上，排除A、C；nothing“什么也没有”；none“一个也没有”。
故选D。
4．I’d appreciate ______ if you would pick me up at seven this evening.A．hat B．this C．it D．you【答案】C【解析】试题解析：句意；如果你明早到机场来接我，我将不甚感激。
appreciate,like,love,hate等表喜好，憎恨之类词后不能直接接从句，必须先补充it后再接从句。
第2讲代词和介词/介词短语(一) 代词[析考点·规律探密]真题体验透视命题规律授课提示：对应学生用书第12页近几年高考对代词的考查主要集中在代词的基本用法上，因此这类试题一般较为简单。
语法填空和短文改错对代词的考查主要集中在不定代词、反身代词、形容词性物主代词和代词的格等的用法上。
【考点练悟】(单句语法填空)1．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find them(they) alive.2．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)However，the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months，more than 25,000 people were using it every day.3．(2017·浙江卷)“She thought I had hurt myself (I)，”says Pahlsson.4．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)On my recent visit, I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by its (it) mother.5．(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)A few hours before, I'd been at home in Hong Kong, with its (it) choking smog.[规律总结]1．人称代词主格在句中只能作主语用，一般在纯空格题中考查。
2．人称代词宾格在句中作及物动词或介词的宾语。
3．形容词性物主代词在句中只能作定语。
4．名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词＋名词”，在句中可以作主语、宾语或表语。
专题02 代词在句中用来代替名词、名词短语或句子的词称为代词。
代词可以在句子中作主语、宾语、表语或定语等。
近3年来，高考重点考查不定代词，所考题量占所考代词总量的50%左右，其次是it的用法和替代词。
试题的设计注重语境设置，要求考生将句子意思和句子结构联系起来选出正确的代词。
因此，做题时要在熟练掌握各类代词根本用法的根底上，特别注意句意和句子结构的结合，只靠死背语法是很难奏效的。
热点题型一人称代词例1、Surprisingly, Susan’s beautiful hair reac hed below her knees andmade________almost an overcoat for her.A. themB. herC. itselfD. herself【答案】C【提分秘籍】一般地说人称代词作主语用其主格；作宾语用其宾格；作定语用其形容词性物主代词；用名词性物主代词以代替“形容词性物主代词＋名词〞。
但口语中，在无动词的句子里，往往用代词的宾格形式。
1．用于无谓语的句子中—Does any of you know why Jack hasn’t come yet?你们有谁知道杰克怎么还没有到？—Me.我。
答语如果带谓语，就得用主格，如：I can.和I do，too./So do I.2．表示惊奇、猜疑、反问、不满、厌烦等情绪①—Do you have good eyesight，young man?年轻人，你的视力好吗？—Me? I can see a sparrow two hundred paces away.我？我能看见一只两百步外的云雀。
②What? Me fight a big chap like hi m? Not me!什么？我同像他那样的大个子打架？不会是我！3．代替as，than等连词之后的主格(多用于口语中，尤其用于句末)①I’m not as tall as him (he)．我没有他个子高。
第02讲代词、介词和介词短语（讲）【考纲考情】一、代词考点，是英语高考常考点之一。
在高考中主要考查点有：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、代词宾格、形式主语或宾语的it、强调句中的it等。
应特别注意以下几点：①对代词的指代或替代功能的考查；①对不定代词意义用法的考查；①对反身代词的考查；①对代词格的考查；①对it作形式主语或宾语的考查、强调句中的it的考查；①对含有代词的短语考查。
代词在高考中的命题形式主要有：语法填空；完形填空；改错；书面表达。
二、介词(短语)考点，是英语高考必考点之一。
在高考中主要考点有：考查介词的基本用法和固定搭配；介词(短语)的正确运用以及与形容词或动词搭配。
对介词(短语)的考查常出现在高考试题中的语法填空、完形填空、改错、书面表达中。
【考点梳理】一、代词（一）、人称代词人称代词用来代替人或物，有人称、数和格的变化，其形式如下：（二）、物主代词物主代词：在句子中作定语修饰名词的为形容词性物主代词；在句子中相当于“形容词性物主代词＋n.”的为名词性物主代词，通常在句子中作主语或宾语，如下表：（2）“of（介词）＋名词性物主代词（或名词所有格）”构成双重所有格，如：a friend of mine （my father's）我（我父亲的）朋友中的一个。
（3）形容词性物主代词与own连用表示强调，one's own ... ＝... of one's own。
（4）某些固定结构中常用定冠词代替物主代词。
take sb by the arm, be wounded in the leg。
（三）、指示代词（四）、不定代词1．one, ones, the one, the ones, those, it, that的区别2．the other, other, another, others的区别3．either, both, neither, all, none, any的区别4．none, no one与nothing的区别(1)none指人或物，表特指，可与of短语连用，回答疑问词how many/much引起的问句。
高考英语语法名词冠词和代词考点精讲知识讲解知识点一名词2.可数名词复数的不规则变化(1)改变单数名词内部元音字母。
如：foot—feet, tooth—teeth, mouse—mice,man—men, woman—women, goose—geese。
(2)由man, woman构成的合成名词，其复数形式也是-men和-women，如one Englishman, two Englishmen。
但German不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans。
注：man, woman作定语的复合名词变复数时，将两部分皆变为复数形式。
如：women doctors, men cooks。
boy和girl作定语时，只变中心词。
如：girl students。
(3)外来词。
如：basis—bases, crisis—crises, analysis—analyses, medium—media。
(4)单复数同形的名词。
如：deer, sheep, Chinese, Japanese, works (工厂), means, crossroads, series, spacecraft, aircraft, headquarters。
(5)常以复数形式出现的名词。
如：clothes衣服, glasses眼镜, chopsticks筷子, compasses圆规, scales天平, trousers裤子, goods货物, contents目录, times时代, surroundings环境, belongings 财产, earnings收入, arms武器, manners礼貌, customs海关, papers文件。
(6)集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数。
如：people, police。
有些物质名词的单数和复数形式表示不同的含义。
常见的这类词有：paper纸—papers论文water水—waters水域custom习惯—customs海关manner方式—manners礼貌look看—looks外貌time时间—times时代wood木材—woods树林sand沙子—sands沙滩注：表示“两个人共有……”时，需在最后一个名词后加“-s”；当表示“两个人各自有……”时，两个名词后都要加“-s”。
高考英语代词知识点知识点总复习含答案解析(4)一、选择题1．The river was once with fishes, but now we find as a result of pollution.A．alive, none B．lively, nothing C．live, none D．living, nothing2．I turned to bookstores and libraries seeking information about the book mentioned in his lecture,but found_____.A．no one B．noneC．nothing D．anything3．The two girls are so alike that strangers find ________ difficult to tell one from the other. A．it B．themC．her D．that4．The most important promises we must keep are ______ we make to ourselves.A．Ones B．those C．these D．them 5．Travellers to that area can carry disease to their own countries that have neverexperienced_____.A．them B．it C．themselves D．itself6．Harry never enjoys visiting large cities because he thinks one such city is much like ______. A．another B．the other C．the others D．others7．Don't you hate _____when somebody shows up at a party wearing the same dress as you? A．him B．thatC．it D．them8．The financial crisis(危机) and the suffering ________ has caused have a great influence on the whole world.A．they B．it C．which D．what 9．Theoretically, there are many solutions to such a problem, but it is not easy tofind________easy to put into practice.A．that B．one C．it D．the one10．It’s impossible for all the people to get j obs because ______of them is not fit for them. A．every one B．allC．not all D．none11．_______ is known to us all that the old scientist, for _______ life was hard in the past, still works hard in his eighties.A．As; whose B．It; who C．As; whom D．It; whom12．The new technology will make ______ possible to grow food with very little water.A．it B．it isC．that D．that is13．_____ doesn’t really matter whether you win or lose. As long as you have tried your best, you won’t regret.A．What B．This C．That D．It14．I’d appreciate _________ if you would like to teach me how to use the expression once more and I always appreciate _________ me with my English in the past.A．that; you to help B．this; your helpingC．it; you to help D．it; your helping15．All _____ made _____ possible for China to succeed in carrying on its reforms and open-door policy.A．what happened; it B．what happened; thatC．that happened; it D．that happened; that16．Our school makes _______ a rule that students______ bring their mobile phones to campus. A．it; needn’t B．it; mustn’tC．that; mustn’t D．that; needn’t17．I’d appreciate ____ if you would like to teach me how to use this computer.A．that B．thisC．you D．it18．I would appreciate ______ if you could give me a reply as soon as possible.A．you B．it C．that D．them19．Not everybody agrees to the plan. Some support it, while I am one of ______opposed to it. A．who B．those whoC．which D．those20．No matter how busy he is, Tom makes ______a rule to see his parents every week.A．this B．that C．it D．him21．— How did ________ feel to run 3,000 meters at the sports meeting?—Terrible! Especially when I saw I was left so far ________ by others.A．that; alone B．it; alone C．that; behind D．it; behind 22．The exact date hasn't been decided. We'll have to wait for_________ week.A．other B．others C．the other D．another23．If an excellent Chinese novel is translated into English, ____ means many more people in the world can enjoy it.A．as B．whichC．what D．that二、1324．The water was two feet deep, making it difficult, if not impossible, the car out. A．getting B．gotC．to get D．get25．Some experts state_____ seems that increased student focus can increase confidence and reduce the tendency among students to be anxious.A．it B．/C．that D．what【参考答案】***试卷处理标记，请不要删除一、选择题1．A解析：A【解析】【分析】【详解】考查形容词和代词。
代词高考对代词的考查主要是人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、不定代词、疑问代词和关系代词等;设置特定的语境,对代词的数、性、格的变化进行考查仍然是高考的热点;Ⅰ代词的分类1.人称代词：主格I, we, you, he, she, it, they宾格me, us, you, him, her, it, them2.物主代词：形容词性my, our, your, his, her, its, their名词性mine, ours, yours, his, hers, its, theirs3.反身代词：单数myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself复数ourselves, yourselves, themselves4.相互代词：each other 两者之间相互；one another 两者以上的相互5.指示代词：this, that, these, those6.疑问代词：who, whom, whose, which, what7.关系代词：who, whom, whose, that指人,which, that, as, whose 指物8.不定代词：all, each, either, neither, both, none, other, another, something, everything, nothing somebody, everybody, nobody someone, everyone, no one, many, much, few, less一、人称代词单数复数第一人称第二人称第三人称第一人称第二人称第三人称人主I you he,she,itwe you they称代词格宾格me you him,her,itus you them人称代词的用法1.人称代词的主格在句子中作主语或主语补足语;如：John waited a while but eventually he went home.约翰等了一会儿,最后他回家了; John hoped the passenger would be Mary and indeed it was she.说明：在复合句中,如果主句和从句主语相同,代词主语要用在从句中,名词主语用在主句中;When he arrived,John went straight to the bank.约翰一到就直接去银行了;2.人称代词的宾格在句子中作宾语或介词宾语,但在口语中也能作主语补语,第一人称在省略句中,还可以作主语;如：I saw her with them；at least,I thought it was her.第一个her作动词宾语,them作介词宾语,第二个her作表语—Who broke the vase谁打碎了花瓶—Me.我;3.人称代词之主、宾格的替换1宾格代替主格在简短对话中,当人称代词单独使用或在not 后,多用宾语;—I like English.;—Me too.—Have more wine—Not me.;在表示比较的非正式的文体中,常用宾格代替主格; 但如果比较状语的谓语保留,则主语只能用主格;He is taller than I/me. He is taller than I am.2主格代替宾格在介词but,except后,有时可用主格代替宾格;在电话用语中常用主格;—I wish to speak to Mary.;—This is she.注意：在动词be 或to be后的人称代词视其前面的名词或代词而定;I thought it was she.我以为是她;主格——主格I thought it to be her.宾格——宾格I was taken to be she.我被当成了她;主格——主格They took me to be her.他们把我当成了她;宾格——宾格4.代词的指代问题1不定代词anybody,everybody,nobody,anyone, someone, everyone,no one, 及whoever和person在正式场合使用时,可用he,his,him代替;如：Nobody came,did he2动物名词的指代一般用it或they代替,有时也用he,she,带有亲切的感情色彩;如：Give the cat some is hungry.;3指代车或国家,船舶的名词,含感情色彩时常用she;5.并列人称代词的排列顺序1单数人称代词并列作主语时,其顺序为：第二人称→ 第三人称→第一人称,即you→ he/she; it → I;如：You,he and I should return on time.你,他还有我应该按时回来;2复数人称代词作主语时,其顺序为：第一人称→ 第二人称→第三人称,即we→you→they;在下列情况中,第一人称放在前面;在承认错误,承担责任时;It was I and John that made her angry.是我和约翰惹她生气了;在长辈对晚辈,长官对下属说话时,如长官为第一人称,如：I and you try to finish it.并列主语只有第一人称和第三人称时;当其他人称代词或名词被定语从句修饰时;二、物主代词物主代词是表示所有关系的代词,也可叫做代词所有格;物主代词分形容性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种,其人称和数的变化见下表;单数复数第一人称第二人称第三人称第一人称第二人称第三人称物主代词形容词性my your his,her,its our your their名词性mine your shis,hers,its ours yours theirsOur school is here,and theirs is there.我们的学校在这儿,他们的在那儿;1.物主代词的用法1物主代词既有表示所属的作用又有指代作用;如：John had cut his finger; apparently there was a broken glass on his desk.2物主代词有形容词性my,your等和名词性mine,yours等两种,形容词性的物主代词属于限定词;名词性的物主代词在用法上相当于省略了中心名词的’s属格结构;如：Jack’s cap意为The cap is Jack’s;His cap意为The cap is his;2.名词性物主代词的句法功能1作主语;如：May I use your pen Yours works better.2作宾语;如：I love my motherland as much as you love yours.3作介词宾语;如：You should interpret what I said in my sense of the word,not inyours.4作表语;如：The life I have is ’s ’s yours.3.双重所有格物主代词不可与a,an,this,that,these,those,some,any,several,no,each,every,such,another,which等词一起前置,修饰一个名词,而必须用双重所有格;公式为：a,an,this,that+名词+of+名词性物主代词;三、指示代词指示代词表示“那个”“这个”“这些”“那些”等指示概念的代词;指示代词有this,that,these,those等;如：That is a good idea.指示代词的用法1.指示代词分单数this/that和复数these/those两种形式,既可作限定词又可作代词;2.指示代词的句法功能;1作主语;如：This is the way to do it.2作宾语;如：I like this better than that.3作表语;如：My point is this.4作介词宾语;如：I don’t say no to that.There is no fear of that.说明1：指示代词在作主语时可指物也可指人,但作其他句子成分时只能指物,不能指人;如：对That is my teacher.那是我的老师;that作主语,指人对He is going to marry this girl.他要和这个姑娘结婚;this作限定词错He is going to marry this.this作宾语时不能指人对I bought this.我买这个;this指物,可作宾语说明2：that和those可作定语从句的先行词,但this和these不能,同时,在作先行词时,只有those可指人,试比较：对He admired that which looked beautiful.对He admired those who looked beautiful.他赞赏那些外表漂亮的人;those 指人错He admired that who danced well.that 作宾语时不能指人对He admired those who danced well.他赞赏跳舞好的人;those 指人对He admired those which looked beautiful.他赞赏那些外表漂亮的东西;those指物四、反身代词表示“我自己”“你自己”“他自己”“我们自己”“你们自己”和“他们自己”等的代词,叫做自身代词,也称为“反身代词”;如：She was talking to herself.她自言自语;反身代词单数复数第一人称第二人称第三人称第一人称第二人称第三人称myself yourself himselfherselfitselfourselves yourselves themselves反身代词的用法1.作宾语,如1有些动词需有反身代词,如absent,bathe,amuse,blame,dry,cut,enjoy,hurt,introduce,behave等;如：We enjoyed ourselves very much last night.Please help yourself to some fish.2用于及物动词+宾语+介词,如：take pride in,be annoyed with,help oneself to sth 等;I could not dressmyselfup at that time.注：有些动词后不跟反身代词,如：get up,stand up,wake up等;Please sit down.2.用作表语;如;I am not myself today.3.用作同位语;如The thing itself is not important.4.在不强调的情况下,but,except,for 等介词后宾语用反身代词或人称代词宾格均可;注意：1反身代词本身不能单独作主语;错Myself drove the car.对I myself drove the car.我自己开车;2但在and,or,nor连接的并列主语中,第二个主语可用反身代词,特别是myself 作主语;Charles and myself saw it.查尔斯和我看见了这件事;五、相互代词表示相互关系的代词叫相互代词,有each other和one another两个词组;他们表示句中动词所叙述的动作或感觉在涉及的各个对象之间是相互存在的;如：It is easy to see that the people of different cultures have always copied each other.,相互借鉴的相互代词宾格each other,one another所有格each other’s,one another’s相互代词的句法功能1.作动词宾语;如：People should love one another.人们应当彼此相爱;2.可作介词宾语;Dogs bark,cocks crow,frogs croak to each other.犬吠、鸡鸣、蛙儿对唱;说明：传统语法认为,相互关系存在于两个人或物之间用each other, 存在于两个以上人和物之间用one another;现代英语中,两组词交替使用的实例也很多;He put all the books beside each other/one another.他把所有书并列摆放起来; Usually these small groups were independent of each other.这些小团体通常是相互独立的;3.相互代词可加’s构成所有格;如：The students borrowed each other’s notes.六、不定代词不是指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做不定代词;常见的不定代词有all,both,each,every等,以及含有some,any,no等的合成代词,如anybody,something,no one;这些不定代词大都可以代替名词和形容词,在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语,但none和由some,any,no等构成的复合不定代词只能作主语、宾语或表语；every 和no只能作定语;如：—Do you have a car— Yes,I have one.—I don’t know any of them.他们,Ⅱ代词的用法1. nothing, none, no onenone作为代词,最常用来表示数量,它可以是一个可数的概念how many也可以是一个不可数的概念how much,或者any引起的问题；而nothing是相对于something有某物什么都没有,它回答的是“What is in/on...”的问题；而no one=nobody没有人,它回答的是“Who did that”谁……或是anyone有没有人的问题;2. one, ones, that, those, it1one和ones可以用来代替前面提到过的可数名词,one代单数,ones代复数,其中：两者都可以指代物只要是可数one前面一般不加a,因为它本身有“一个”的意思,但如果one前面有形容词修饰,则需要加a/an;one可以单独使用,意思为“任何人”;例如：—Shall we have a rest—Didn’t we just have one因为one=a somethingOne should always believe in oneself.2that与those：that可以代替前面提到的不可数名词或可数名词单数相当于the one；而those 代替前面提到的复数名词,有时可以用the ones替换;例如：The population of China is bigger than that of India. that=the populationThe boy told his story and that of the girl next room.that=the storyThe cell phones we made nowadays are better than those/the ones made 2 years ago.those=the cell phones=the ones3one和it:两者都可以用来代替前面出现过的单数名词,one指这类东西中的任何一个,指类属,泛指;it指前面所指的同一物;例如：I need a pen to sign my name. Can I have one one =a pen I cannot find my new pen. Have you seen itit指那支新钢笔3. another, the other, other, others, the others1another和the other:两者都是“另一个”的意思,但数量上有区别:用another指两个以上的数量,而the other只指两个中的另一个,例如：He has three brothers, one is a teacher, another is a doctor and the third is an engineer.注：another除了可以作代词,还可以用作形容词;这里有必要区别another, the other和more的用法：①another:another表“另一个”时只跟可数名词单数,而表“另外的、额外的、附加的”时,可跟带有few或具体数字的复数名词,此时可把“数词＋复数名词”看作是一个整体;例如：—Have you finished your report yet—No,I will finish it in another 10 minutes.There is room for another few people in the back of the bus.②other:表“另外的”接复数名词,如与具体数词连用,则置于数词之后,但与定冠词the连用时,other要放在数词前;例如：Tony is going camping with two other little boys next Sunday.Do you know where he found the other two photos③more:more一般位于数词之后,名词之前,有时也可置于名词之后;例如：One more stepOne step more,and I’ll shoot you.Where shall we be in ten more yearsmore除跟数词外,还可与many, a little,a few,a lot,several等词连用,例如:There are many more dictionaries on the desk.Would you like some more tea2 others, the othersothers是相对于some来说的：some...some....others... 一些……一些……另一些……是泛指；而the others是特指另一些,相对于ones 可以理解为one, the other 的复数;例如：Class 1 are cleaning the classroom. Some are sweeping the floor, some are cleaning the window, and others are washing the blackboard. 泛指There are only 20 students in the classroom, where are the others.特指4. both, other, neither, each, any, allboth:两者都,谓语动词用复数；either:两者中间的任何一个,谓语动词用单数；neither:两者中间无任何一个,谓语动词多用单数,也可以用复数；each:两个或两个以上中的每一个,谓语动词用单数；any:三者或三者以上中的任何一个,谓语动词用单数；all:三者或三者以上全部；5. some, any, nosome属于肯定词,主要用于肯定句中,但当说话人期待肯定回答时,也可以用于疑问句中;例如：Could I have some more tea, please Would you like some more coffeeany属于非肯定词,主要用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中;它可以与形容词的比较级连用;例如：Don’t come any closer,or I’ll shootno属于否定词,用于否定句中：no+可数名词单数=not a/an no+可数名词复数=not any;例如：There is no such thing as a free lunch in the world.考点诠释纵观历年高考试题,代词的主要考点主要集中在以下几个方面：不定代词one,the one,ones,the ones；物主代词的用法；人称代词主格和宾格的用法；表示两者和多者的不定代词的比较；指示代词this,that,these,those,it的用法；another,theothers,else；the rest的用法；every-,some-,any-,no-与-thing,-one,-body构成的复合不定代词的用法;考点1 人称代词一般地说人称代词作主语时用主格；作宾语时用宾格；作定语时用形容词性物主代词；名词性物主代词可以代替“形容词性物主代词+名词”;但口语中,在无动词的句子里,往往用代词的宾格形式;1．用于无谓语的句子中一Dpes any of you know why Jack hasn’t come yet一Me．;答语如果带谓语,就得用主格,如：I can．和I do,too．/So do I．2．表示惊奇、猜疑、反问、不满、厌烦等①Do you have good eyesight,young man一MeI can see a sparrow two hundred paces away．②WhatMe fight a big chap like himNot me3．代替as,than等连词之后的主格多用于口语中,尤其用于句末①I’m not as tall as himhe．;②She is much more careful than meI．她比我细心得多;当这类人称代词带有all,both等同位语时,用宾格的形式就更为常见了;如：He works harder than us a11．典例：Our neighbers gave a baby bird yesterday that hurt when it fell from its nest． A．us；it B．us；itself C．ourselves；itself D．ourselves；it考点2指不代词1．this/these,that/thosethis,these指代下面要说的内容；that,those指代上面陈述过的内容;如：①What I’d like to say about how to improve our spoken English is like this．②That’s a11．Thank you．③Salaries are higher here than those inmy hometown．2．一些习惯说法中this和that的用法比较固定①Who’s that你是谁②This is Mary．③11at’s all right/OK．;对感谢的答语④nat’S nothing．;对道歉的答语‘⑤That’s that．表示决定不能更改⑥That’S a11．就这些了;⑦That is…那就是……3．this,that有时可以用作副词,意为“这么,那么”,用在形容词或副词前作状语,表示程度It isn’t that cold．还没那么冷;考点3不定代词以下是几组易混不定代词：1．some类不定代词与any类不定代词1some类不定代词多用于肯定句中；any类的多用于疑问句、否定句和条件状语从句中;如：Raise your hands if you have any questions．如果你们有问题,请举手;2但在表示客气的请求或希望对方给予肯定回答的疑问句中,要用some类的不定代词;如：Would you like something to drink你要喝点什么吗3any类的不定代词用在肯定句中,表示“任何一个；任何事情；无论什么”;如：She promised that she could do anything for you．她许诺能为你做任何事情;2．all,both,neither,none1all指三者或三者以上“都”,both指两者“都”;如：①Bothofhis hands were wounded．②Allofhis fingers were wounded．2neither表示“两个都不”,常和of连用,放在带有冠词、物主代词或指示代词的复数名词之前,作主语时,谓语动词可以用单数或复数；none表示三个或三个以上“都不”,可用于人,也可用于物,后可接of短语,与复数名词、代词或单数集合名词连用作主语,指人时,谓语动词用单、复数皆可；指物时,只用第三人称单数形式;如：①Neither of the twins is/are cor rect．②None of us has/have ever been to the Great wall．3．any,either,each,every1any一般用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中;也可用在肯定句中,以加强语气,表示“任一”的概念；还可以用来修饰可数名词单数,表示三者或三者以上中的“任何一个”;如：I didn’t eat any meat．我一点儿肉也没吃;4．no,none,nothing,nobody1no不能单独使用,相当于not a或not any,作定语修饰可数名词或不可数名词;如：You have no sympathy for the sufferings of others．你对别人的痛苦没有同情心;2none既可以指人,也可以指物,侧重指三者或三者以上的人或物,用于回答how many/much引导的疑问句,可与介词of连用;如：①None of the books is suitable for the young．这些书都不适合年轻人读;②一How many people are there in the room一None．没人;3nobody指人,用于回答who引导的疑问句；nothing指物,用于回答what引导的疑问句;如：一Who is in the room谁在屋内一Nobody．没有人;5．it,one,ones, that和those1it特指上文所提到的同一个物,它所代替的名词常由the,this,that等修饰;one指上文提到的同类事物中的一个,不特指,被指代的名词通常由不定代词some或any修饰;如：①Where is that bookI can’t find it．那本书在哪儿我找不到它;②I haven’t got any erasers．Will you please give me one我没有橡皮,请你给我一块好吗(2)one与that都可用来代替上文中出现的名词,one前要用定冠词the,有时that和the one可互换使用;如：The book isn’t so interesting as the one/that you borrowed．3但that和one在多数情况下是不能互换的,主要区别在于：that既可代替可数名词,也可代替不可数名词,常要求有后置定语,一般不指人,复数形式为those;one只能代替可数名词单数,复数形式为ones;当可数名词前有形容词修饰时,只能用one,不用that;当of短语作可数名词的后置定语时,用that,不用one;如：①The best cigarettes are those from Yunnan．②The boy told me his story and that of the girl next door．Your coat is blue,and my new one is green．你的大衣是蓝色的,我的新大衣是绿色的;4the ones用来代替上文提到的特指的复数名词,有时可以用those代替,尤其在有后置定语的情况下;如：The books on the desk are better than those/the ones under the desk．6．another,other,others,more1another既可以单独使用,也可以用于单数名词前,泛指三者或三者以上中的“另外一个人或物”;还可以用“another+数量词+复数名词”,表示”再,又”;如：①was there another way out②we’d better wait another five minutes．特别提示表示“另外一个学生”只能用another student,不能说成another one student;2other不能单独使用,应用于复数名词前,表示另外的某些人或物,也可以用在some,any,no之后,或具体数词之后,再接名词,构成”不定代词或具体数词+other+名词”；接单数名词时,还可以用在冠词the后,特指两个人或物中的另外一个可以省略为the other,或特指另外的某些人或物可以省略为theothers,others泛指”其他的事物,别人”;如：Done remained and the other went away．②We should learn to treat others as equals．7．something,anything,everything,nothing1something一般用在肯定句中,也可以用在表示邀请、征询意见的委婉问句中;如：Could you do something for me请为我做点事好吗(2)anything用在否定句、疑问句或条件句中;如：There isn’t anythinginside．3everything意为”一切事物”,可用在肯定句或疑问句中;用于否定句时,表示部分否定；表示全部否定时要用nothing或not anything;如：Everything is good when new,but friends when old．东西是新的好,朋友是老的亲;谚语4nothing表示”什么也没有”,常用于陈述句,表示否定意义,不能与否定词连用;如：①Do nothing by halves．凡事不可半途而废;谚语②Fools learn nothing from wise men,but wise men learn much from fools．愚者不学无术,智者不耻下问;谚语典例1：2010高考英语江西卷,27Swimming is my favorite sport. There is _______ like swimming as a means of keeping fit.A somethingB anythingC nothingD everything答案C解析考查不定代词;句意：游泳是我最爱的运动;再没有比游泳更好的锻炼方式了;There is nothing like…意即”没有什么能像……了”;典例2：2009陕西Jane was asked a lot of questions,but she didn’t answer of them．A．other B．any C．none D．some典例3：2009江苏Nine in ten parents said there were significantdifferences in their approach to educating their children compared with of their parents．A．those B．one C．both D．that解析D 句意：十分之九的家长认为他们教育孩子的方法和他们父母的教育方法有明显的差别;在同一句话中,指代的名词和前面提到的名词是同一类,即同名异物,要用that;考点4 反身代词1．反身代词在句中可以作宾语、表语、并列主语,以及名词、代词的同位语①The text itself is very easy．作主语的同位语②EitherJane or yourselfwill go there．;作并列主语,但不能单独作主语③He is not laughed at that laughs at himself first．谚自嘲者不会让人嘲笑; ④Respect yourseff,or noone else will respect you．谚要人尊敬,必须自重;2．主语与宾语是同一个人时,应当用反身代词teach oneself,enjoyoneself,help oneself,throw oneself,look after oneself3．在系动词后作表语,常用于否定句,表示身体不适I don’t know what’S the matter with me．I’m not myself today．4．用在交际英语中①Help yourseff②Make yourself at home③Don’t upset yourself5．辨别几组搭配by oneself独自for oneself独自地,靠自己的力量；of oneself~t动地；to oneself独占,典例：Isn’t it amazing how the human body heals after an injuryA．hireself B．him C．itself D．it考点5 it的用法在英语中,运用it的场合较多;从它在句中的作用和意义来看,it的用法可分为三类：1．指代作用1用作人称代词,代替前文或后文所提到的同一事物单数可数名词或不可数名词;如：Although we cannot see it,there is air all around us．(2)代替前面的整个句子;如：It is said that he has died of a disease,but it isn’t true．3用在答语中代替指示代词this,that;如：一What is this这是什么一It’s a bike．4代替不能或没有必要区分性别的或某些习惯说法中的人;如：①The baby cried because it Was hungry．婴儿哭是因为饿了;婴儿习惯上不区分性别②一Who is knocking at the door 一It’s me．5指环境、情形等;如：①I can’t stand it any longer．我再也不能容忍这种情况了;②Take it easy．别紧张;6指度量衡单位、时间、距离、季节、天气及自然现象;如：①It’s getting colder and colder now．现在越来越冷了;②It is winter now．现在是冬天了;2．形式作用1形式主语当动词不定式、形式或从句作主语时,通常把它们放在谓语之后,而用it作句子的形式主语;如：IIt’s no use crying over spilt milk．谚覆水难收;②It takes three generations to make a gentleman．谚十年树木,百年树人;2形式宾语当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式、v-ing形式或宾语从句时,往往把真正的宾语放在补足语后面,而用it作形式宾语,放在宾语补足语之前;如：①You must make it clear to them that the situation is serious．②They thought it difficult to talk to the guests about the recent events．特别提示形式宾语用在“主语+谓语动词+宾语”结构中,谓语动词appreciate,dislike,hate,like,love,make按时到达,成功等后接由if或when等引导的从句时,往往在从句前加形式宾语it;如：①1 would appreciate it if you paid in cash．如果你能支付现金的话,我会不胜感激;②The boy likes it when you do that．那个男孩喜欢你那样做;3．强调作用it可以用来改变句子的结构,使句子的某一成分得到强调;强调句型的基本结构为：It is/was+所强调的成分+that/who/whom+其他成分;高考链接1If our parents do everything for us children, we won't learn to dependonA. themselvesB. themC. usD. ourselves答案D主语为we,因此应为ourselves. depend on oneself:自力更生;2. 2010高考英语重庆卷,23He had lost his temper and his health in the warand never found of them again.B. eitherC. eachD. allA.neither答案 B;由his temper and his health可以排除CD,由后面的never表否定,选either,never/not either是全部否定,相当于neither;3. that’s import ant is that you are doing your best and moving inthe right direction.A．One B．All C．EverythingD．AnythingB此处All that's important相当于What's important,在主句中作主语,表示“重要的是……”4. 2010高考英语天津卷,6in my life impressed me so deeply as my first visitto the Palace Museum. A. Anything B. Nothing C.Everything D. Something5.2010高考英语四川卷,7On my desk is a photo that my father took ofwhen I was a baby. A. him B. his C. meD. mine答案Ctake a photo of sb意为给某人照相,此处应用人称代词的宾格;is said that two man-made structures are clearly visible from space. One is the Great Wall of China, and is Japans Kansai InternationalAirport.A．another B．other C．the other D．either 答案C;两者中的一个用one,两者中的另一个用the other,上句有提示twoman—made structures,所以用one…the other结构;7.The cost of renting a house in central Xi’an is higher than ____ in anyother area of the city. A. that B. this C. it D. one 答案A在西安市中心租一套房子的费用比在该市任何其他地区租一套房子的费用都要高;根据句意可知,空处指代The cost of renting a house,应该用that;8.Helping others is a habit, _______ you can learn even at an early age.A. itB. thatC. whatD. onefact that she was foreign made _____difficult for her to get a job in that country A so B. much C. that D. it 答案D题干中含有make it difficult for sb to do sth结构;形式宾语it代替后面的动词不定式短语to get a job in that country;is my favorite sport. There is _______ like swimming as a means of keeping fit.A somethingB anythingC nothing Deverything答案C句意：游泳是我最爱的运动;再没有比游泳更好的锻炼方式了;There is nothing like…意即”没有什么能像……了”;11When you introduce me to Mr. Johnson, could you please say for meA. everythingB. anythingC. somethingD. nothing答案 C;A项意为：“每件事”,B项意为“任何事”；C项意为“某事”；D项意为“没什么”;句意为：“当你把我介绍给约翰逊先生时,请为我说话吧;”something用在问剧中表示建议或请求,期望得到肯定或者所问问题可能性很大时;12.'ll spend half of my holiday practicing English and halflearning drawing.A. anotherB. the otherC. other’sD. other答案B句意：假期我会把一半时间用于练习英语,另一半用于学习绘画;half表示“一半”,the other half表示“另一半”;the other指两个事物中的“另一个”;13The doctor thought ____ would be good for you to have a holiday.A. thisB. thatC. oneD. it14.Neither side is prepared to talk to _____ unless we can smooth thingover between them;A. othersB. the otherC. anotherD. one other答案 B句意为：“双方都不准备和对方交流,除非我们能做一些调停的事情;”首先注意本句的Neither说明问题是出在两个对立方,而双方不打算作出让步,所以这里选B,the other指两者中的另一方;而another指的三者或三者以上；others 是针对两大类人的,常与some对应,没有one other的说法;15You are a team star Working with is rally your cup of tea.A. both B．either C. others D．the other答案：参考答案：1-5 ADAAB 6-10 CBAAC 11-15 BACCB 16-20 BBBDD 21-25 DCCCB 26-30 DCBAD 31-35 CCABA 36-40 ADBCB41-45 CCDBD 46-50 CADAC 51-53 CCB。
三、代词代词是用来指代人或事物的词。
代词分为九类：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、相互代词、指示代词\疑问代词、不定代词、连接代词、关系代词。
大多数代词具有名词和形容词的作用。
连接代词和关系代词本章不做将讲解，参见其它章节。
一人称代词人称代词的人称、数和格，如下表所示。
(1).人称代词作主语用主格，作宾语、表语用宾格，但应注意以下4中情况：①作主语的人称代词如果孤立地使用于无谓语动词的句子中，或在这种句子中与动词不定式连用，常用宾格。
●—Does any of you know where Tom lives?—Me.●What! Me (to)play him at chess? No!②句子中代词作宾语或宾语补足语时，与所替代的名词在人称、数和格在意义上一般要保持前后一致。
●The thief was thought to be he.(the thief是主格，故用he代替)●They took me to be her.他们误以为我是她。
（me是宾格，故用her替代）③在比较级的句子中than、as后用主格、宾格都可以。
如：He is taller than me(I).但在下列句中有区别。
●I like Jack as much as her.=I like both Jack and her.●I like Jack as much as she.=I like Jack and she likes him, too.(2).两个以上的人称代词并列，其次序排列原则为：①在并列主语中，“I”总是放在最后，排列顺序为：二三一（人称）。
宾格me也一样。
●You ,she and I will be in charge of the case.②第三人称，男女两性并用，男先女后。
●He and she still don’t agree to the plan.(3)几个人称代词的特殊用法。
①we/you(口语)常用来泛指一般人。
代词的高考常考点 不定代词是不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词，在句中可作主语、表语、宾语和定语。 不定代词包括：all , both, every, each, either, neither, more,(a) little, (a) few, much, many, another, other, some, any , one以及some, something, anything, everything, somebody, someone, anybody, anyone, nothing , nobody, no one, none, everybody, everyone.等。 一般来讲，修饰不定代词的词要置于其后。
1.代词比较one，that 和it it 同名同物，与所指名词为同一个。 one 同名异物，表示泛指，指名称相同的另一物，或所提到的人或物中的一个。 that =the one，指代同类的名词，可以时可数名词也可以时不可数名词。 例如：I can't find my hat. I don' t know where I put it. I can't find my hat. I think I must buy one. The hat you bought is bigger than that I bought. 小试牛刀： 1. --- There must be a dozen pens in the house but I can never find _______ when I need ______ . --- Keep looking. ______ is sure to turn up. A. one; one; One B. it; one; It C. one; it; This D. a one; one; The one 2. --- Can I help you? --- I`d like to buy a present for my father`s birthday, _______ at a proper price, but of great use. A. that B. one C. any one D. the one 3. Maybe it is true that we do not know what we have got until we lose ______ . A. one B. that C. it D. the one 4. The environment in this faraway town is as pleasant as ________ in the coastal city. A. one B. it C. them D. that 5. The best job is _______ which uses your skill in doing something together with your interest in the subject. A. that B. the one C. one D. it 6. --- What do you think of the funiture on exhibition? --- Well, great! But I don`t think much of ________ you bought. A. the one B. it C. that D. which 7. A cake made of wheat costs less than ________ made of rice. A. one B. that C. a one D. the one 8. As they are retired, they prefer to buy a house in the country to spend their late years to _____ in a large city. A. one B. that C. the one D. it 9. Toronto is a big, beautiful and effiicient city, ________ that developed from a little city over the past half century and became the center of culture, commerce and communications in Canada. A. the one B. one C. that D. a one 2. other, the other, another, others, the others的区别。 1）. 用 法 代名词 形容词 单数 复数 单数 复数 不定 another 另一个 others 别人，其他人 another (boy) 另一个（男孩） other (boys) 其他男孩 特定 the other 另一个 the others 其余那些人、物 the other (boy) 另一个男孩 the other (boys) 其余那些男孩 one … the other 一个……另外一个（两者之间） one … another 一个……另外一个（三者或三者以上），一个……不同的一个 some … others 一些……另一些(others=other people/things) some … the others 一些……剩余的那些/全部 some … the rest 一些……剩余的那些/全部(既代替可数名词，也代替不可名词) 例如: —What do you think of the cake? —It's nice. I'd like to have another. I have two brothers. One is a teacher and the other is a worker. 我有两个兄弟。一个是教师，另一个是工人。 The foreigners are all from the USA, some are from New York, some are from Washington , others are from Mississippi. I have four pens. One is red; the others (或the other three) are black. 我有三支钢笔，一支是红色的，另两支是黑色的。 I have done much of the work. Could you please finish _the rest_______ in two days? Some of the wheat is from Canada. What about _the rest______ ?
2).another two weeks = two other / more weeks另外两周，再过两周（another在数词前，more在数词后）。 Shanghai is a fascinating city and we've decided to stay for ________ two weeks.
3).‘其他的’，other放在名词前作定语，else只能放在复合不定代词或者疑问词后。如： Did you see anybody else? 你还看见别的人吗？
4).注意下列固定用法：each other, one another(相互), one after another(一个接一个), “any other ＋单数名词”(别的 / 其他的任何一个)。如： All of us should help each other. 我们应相互帮助。 Tom runs faster than any other boy in his class. 汤姆比他班上其他任何一个男孩都跑得快。 小试牛刀： 1. —What do you think of the cake? —It's nice. I'd like to have ________. A. some other B. another C. others D. other 2. Young people may grow quickly in some ways and more slowly in ________. A. the other B. some other C. others D. these others 3. Some people like to stay at home on Sunday but ________ like to go to the cinema. A. another B. other C. others D. other one
1. Shanghai is a fascinating city and we've decided to stay for ________ two weeks. A. another B. other C. the other D. other's 2. If you want to change for a double room you'll have to pay ________ $15. A. another B. other C. more D. each 3. ―Have you finished your report yet? ―No, I'll finish in ________ ten minutes. A. another B. other C. more D. less 4. I got the story from Tom and people who had worked with him. A. every other B. many others C. some other D. other than
1. I have done much of the work. Could you please finish ________ in two days? A. the rest B. the other C. another D. the others 2. Some of the wheat is from Canada. What about ________ ? A. another B. the other C. others D. the rest
