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2019 年高三一模文言文一汇编【精校Word版】宝山区（四）阅读下文，完成第15—20题。
（18分）大西洋（明）沈德符①①利玛窦字西泰，以入贡至，因留不去。
近以病终于邸上赐赙葬甚厚今其墓在西山。
往时予游京师，曾与卜邻．．，果异人也。
②初来即寓香山岙，学华言读华书者凡二十年，比．至京，已斑白矣。
入都时在今上庚子年，途经天津，为税监马堂所谁何．．，尽留其未名之宝，仅以天主像及天主母像②为献。
礼部以所称大西洋，为《会典》所不载，难比客部久贡诸夷，姑量赏遣还。
上不听，俾从便僦居。
③④③玛窦自云：其国名欧罗巴，去中国不知几千万里，今琐里诸国，亦称西洋，与中国附近，列于职贡，而实非也。
今中土士人授其学者遍宇内，而金陵尤甚。
盖天主之教，自是西方一种，释氏所云旁门外道，亦自奇快动人，若以为窥伺．．中华，以待⑤风尘之警，失之远矣。
【注】①利玛窦（1552 —1610 ）：意大利传教士，明朝万历十年来到中国。
后因病卒于北京。
②《会典》：朝廷职掌制度的书。
③琐里：古代南洋群岛上的一个小国名。
④西洋：当时将南海以西沿海各地都称为“西洋”。
⑤风尘之警：军事行动。
15.写出下列加点词在句中的意思。
（ 2 分）（1）比．至京（）（2）若以为窥伺．．中华（）16.为下列句中加点词选择释义正确的一项。
（ 2 分）（1）曾与卜．邻．（）A.选择邻居B.寻找住所C.占卜验证D.询问邻居（2）为税监马堂所谁何．．（）A.斥责B. 盘问C.何人所为D.呵护何人17.第①段画线部分断句正确的一项是（）（2 分）A. 近以病终于邸上，赐赙葬甚厚，今其墓在西山。
B.近以病终，于邸上赐，赙葬甚厚今，其墓在西山。
C.近以病终于邸，上赐赙葬甚厚，今其墓在西山。
D.近以病终，于邸上赐赙，葬甚厚今，其墓在西山。
18.将第②段画线句译成现代汉语。
（ 6 分）19.根据文中内容推测，利玛窦是意大利人，为何自称自己来自大西洋？（ 4 分）20.根据第③段内容，概括利玛窦给中国带来的影响。
崇明区2019届高三一模语文试卷本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(阅读题)和第Ⅱ卷(表达题)两部分。
考生作答时，将答案答在答题卡上，在本试卷上答题无效。
★祝考试顺利★注意事项：1、考试范围：高考范围。
2、答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。
用2B铅笔将答题卡上试卷类型A后的方框涂黑。
3、选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
4、非选择题的作答：用签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。
写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
5．保持卡面清洁，不折叠，不破损，不得使用涂改液、胶带纸、修正带等。
6、考试结束后，请将本试题卷、答题卡、草稿纸一并上交。
一、积累应用（10分）1.按要求填空。
（1）______，杜鹃声里斜阳暮。
（北宋·秦观《_____·郴州旅舍》）（2）吾师道也，_____？（唐·韩愈《师说》）（3）柳永《八声甘州》中“想佳人妆楼颙望，误几回、天际识归舟”一句，从对面着笔抒发情感。
杜甫《月夜》中同样采用这一手法的诗句是“________，________。
”【答案】 (1). 可堪孤馆闭春寒 (2). 踏莎行 (3). 夫庸知其年之先后生于吾乎？(4). 今夜鄜州月 (5). 闺中只独看【解析】【详解】试题分析：本题主要考查默写常见的名句名篇的能力。
名句默写分为两大类，一是给出语境的理解性默写，二是给出上句写下句的直接默写。
此类试题解答时，默写要注意字形，而字形与字义分不开，学生应借助字义来识记字形。
注意重点字的写法。
如“堪”“庸”“鄜”要理解字义去记忆。
学生记忆的时候应该结合诗句的意思。
本题还涉及诗词标题等，需要注意。
【点睛】高考所选择的名句大多出自课内所学篇目，只有少数来自课外，该如何识记这些课内的名句，需要一定的技巧。
2019届高三语文文言文阅读--文言翻译要点（带解析）高三语文文言文阅读预热专题七文言翻译要点文言文翻译题的综合性较强，涉及文言知识点多，是检查考生文言文阅读能力的重要手段，属必考题。
文言翻译集中考查了实词、虚词、词类活用、特殊句式、古文化常识等多方面的知识，考查了考生文言文的综合能力，是高考文言文阅读的重点和难点。
从阅卷实际来看，首先要采准3大赋分点(关键实词、关键虚词和文言句式)，以获取要点分；再运用文言文翻译的6字诀，确保翻译句子更规范，从而取得满分。
文言文翻译应从三处着眼着眼点一：关键实词关键实词，从词性上看，以动词居多，其次是形容词和名词。
把关键实词翻译到位，就是把句中的通假字、多义词、古今异义词、活用词语(名词用作状语、形容词用作动词、意动用法、使动用法等)、特殊难解词语准确理解，并且在译文中正确地体现出来。
着眼点二：关键虚词关键虚词，主要指文言语句中的副词、连词、介词。
虚词的翻译要注意两点：(1)必须译出的：有实词义项的要译出实义，如作代词的“之”“其”等；现代汉语中有与之相对应的虚词进行互换的，如“之”“而”“以”“于”等。
(2)不必译出的：在句中起语法作用的“之”、发语词及句末语气助词等。
关键虚词的翻译，要仔细辨明词性及意义，能译则译，不需要译出的切不可强行译出。
着眼点三：文言句式文言句式在翻译题目中是重要的得分点，考生审出译句中的特殊句式是关键。
考生要注重积累，重点掌握容易忽略的定语后置句、宾语前置句和固定句式等。
典例一：阅读下面的文言文，将文中画横线的句子翻译成现代汉语。
(提示：在翻译句子之前，请先找出“关键实词”“关键虚词”“文言句式”并加以解释。
) 谢贞，字元正，陈郡阳夏人，晋太傅安九世孙也。
父蔺，正员外郎，兼散骑常侍。
贞幼聪敏，有至性。
祖母阮氏先苦风眩，每发便一二日不能饮食。
贞时年七岁，祖母不食，贞亦不食，亲族莫不奇之。
母王氏，授贞《论语》《孝经》，读讫便诵。
太清之乱，亲属散亡，贞于江陵陷没，�碧幽逊�禺，贞母出家于宣明寺。
2019年高三语文一模诗词鉴赏汇编宝山区（三）阅读下面的诗歌，完成第12——14题。
（8分）唐多令（宋）刘过①安远楼②小集，侑觞歌板之姬黄其姓者，乞词于龙洲道人，为赋此《唐多令》。
同柳阜之、刘去非、石民瞻、周嘉仲、陈孟参、孟容。
时八月五日也。
芦叶满汀洲，寒沙带浅流。
二十年重过南楼。
柳下系船犹未稳，能几日，又中秋。
黄鹤断矶头，故人曾到否？旧江山浑是新愁。
欲买桂花同载酒，终不似，少年游。
【注释】①刘过：字改之，号龙洲道人。
一生屡试不第，怀才不遇。
力主抗金，恢复中原。
②安远楼：在今武昌黄鹤山上，又称南楼。
当时武昌是南宋和金人交战的前方。
12.下列对小序理解不正确的一项是（）。
（2分）A.交代了聚会的时间地点。
B.交代了参加聚会的对象。
C.交代了写作的社会环境。
D.交代了写作该词的原因。
13.下列对词作的分析不恰当的一项是（）。
（2分）A.“重过”点名故地重游，今昔对比，更添凄然之情。
B. 以“能几日，又中秋”反衬出故人难以团聚的忧伤。
C. “浑是新愁”包含着忧国伤时之感与自伤身世之慨。
D. 重过、故人、旧江山、少年等前后呼应，章法谨严。
14.扣住“满”“寒”二字，赏析“芦叶满汀洲，寒沙带浅流”两句。
（4分）【参考答案】12.C（2分）13.B（2分）14.以满地芦叶、一带江水写出眼前萧瑟的景象，这里的“满”字写满眼都是枯黄的芦叶，突出景色荒凉；“寒”字将视觉转化为触觉，突出了景色凄冷；烘托了词人内心凄凉感伤的心境；为全词蒙上了一层黯淡的底色（奠定了感情基调）。
（4分。
答到一点给1分）崇明区（三）阅读下面的诗歌，完成第12－14题。
（8分）秋夜客舍（唐）杜甫露下天高秋气清，空山独夜旅魂惊。
疏灯自照孤帆宿，新月犹悬双杵鸣。
南菊再逢人卧病，北书不至雁无情。
步檐倚杖看牛斗，银汉遥应接凤城。
【注释】①凤城：指长安。
12．下列对本诗对仗情况判断正确的一项是（）（1分）A．全不对仗B．两联对仗C．三联对仗D．四联对仗13．下列对作品风格评价正确的一项是（）（2分）A．清新自然B．雄奇豪放C．清丽含蓄D．悲壮慷慨14．结合全诗内容，赏析“北书不至雁无情”的表达效果。
2019-2020学年上海市崇明区高三英语一模试卷(考试时间120分钟，满分140分。
请将答案填写在答题纸上）I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. A housewife. B. A fashion model.C. A shirt designer.D. A shop assistant.2. A. In a bank. B. In a school.C. Ina travel agency.D. In a stock exchange.~3. A. It's not good enough.B. I t’s none of the woman’s business,C. It’s not true.D. It's out of expectation.4. A. He decided to try a new barbershop.B. The woman mistook him for another guy.C. A different person cut his hair this time.D. Another friend also commented on his hair.5. A. The tipping rule in America.B. Important aspects in American culture.<C. The general tax rate in America.D. Tips on understanding American culture.6. A. She doe sn’t know where it is.B. She's angry with the man for forgetting it.C. She'd like the man to return it tomorrow.D. She didn't realize the man had borrowed it.7. A. Book a hotel on the campus.B. Reserve a hotel a little far away.C. Call the local hotels again a few days later.D. Ask her parents to come at a different weekend.-8. A. She took a history class last term.B. She doesn’t trust the mail.C. She didn’t l like her geography professor.D. Sh e won’t take any history classes.9. A. She doesn’t think it will snow.B. The meeting place has been changed.C. The meeting has been canceled.D. She MI be too tired to walk to the meeting.10. A. He is not an experienced skier at all.B. He has never been to Central Mountain.[C. He doesn't plan to go skiing during spring breaks.D. lie doesn’t recommend going to Central Mountain.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of them. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. The history of movie-popcorn relationship.B. The reasons for moviegoers loving popcorn.C. The functions of popcorn in movie-watching.D. The special smell of popcorn in movie theaters./12. A. It was considered an unhealthy food.B. It could lower the movie ticket prices.C. It was unpopular with theater owners.D. It could spoil the luxurious atmosphere.13. A. The higher reputation of popcorn.B. The increase of popcorn prices.C. The rise of less luxurious theaters.D. The improvement of popcorn smell.Questions14 through 16 are based on the following passage.:14. A. Pearson's plan to publish electronic books in the . college market.B. Pearson's publishing history and its future in the . college market.C. The reasons for the drop of Pearson sales in the . college market.D. The reaction of the . college market to Pearson’s digital publishing.15. A. Parts of Pearson have been sold.B. Pearson has been trying to save money.C. Some employees have left Pearson.D. Pearson’s new textbooks have been costly.16. A. Their publishing time is more predictable.B. They are more adaptable than its printed ones.·C. They will be updated more timely.D. 1 heir extra learning tools will be free.Questions 17through 20 are based on the following conversation.. Opening social media accounts. B. Posting personal photos online.C. Interacting with online followers.D. Finding friendships on social media.. Essential. B. Impolite.C. Comfortable.D. Unwise.19. A. Urging people to make nice comments.B. Encouraging people to become volunteers.#C. Providing people with job opportunities.D. Helping people establish life-lasting friendships.20. A. The man is cautious about sharing online.B. The man is ignorant of online opportunities.C. The woman thinks it safer to hide the identity online.D. The woman loves sharing secrets with online friends.Ⅱ. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.,A 14-year-old Girl Built an App to Help Alzheimer’s patients (老年痴呆症患者）For many teenagers, their lives typically might circle around schoolwork and spending time with friends. Not so for Emma Yang. Though the Hong Kong-born girl is only 14, she (21)________(create) her own mobile app for Alzheimer’s patients already.The Timeless app, which Yang spent two years (22)________(develop), comes with several important features. It is an artificial intelligence-powered facial recognition system in the app (23)________helps Alzheimer’s patients identify people in photos and remember who they are. It also allows photos (24)________(group)by individuals as well as provides a picture-based phone book, which enables a user to tap on photos to call or text a person.The inspiration to develop an app that would help Alzheimer’s patients connect with their loved ones came to Yang at the age of 12, when her grandmother started forgetting things like (25)________she lived and Yang's birthday.“I wanted to create something to help people like my grandmother stay (26)________(connect)with her family,” Yang said. It was a task she was well-prepared to undertake,(27)________ve nture capitalists didn’t take her work seriously. Yang started a crowd finding campaign in March last year to support her 37/we/es^ app project. That effort raised more than $10,000.At present Yang works with an international team that includes a designer in California and a developer in Cologne, Germany. The chief technology officer of Kairos, the AI company(28)________ technology is used in the Timeless app, is now Yang’s adviser.Yang urged other young, ambitious people to believe in (29)________because the teenagers of today will be tomorrow’s leaders. “Technology has been able to make kids put their ideas into action，’’ she said “(30)________ ________ _______yon get out there and put yourself out there, tell people about your idea and find out who’s onboard and can get behind it，you’ll eventually find that team of people.”There aren’t very many scientists who achieved rock star status. Stephen Hawking was definitely one of them.Hawking was a theoretical physicist whose early work on black holes __31__ how scientists think about the nature of the universe. Lawrence Krauss, a theoretical physicist from Arizona State University and a friend and colleague of Hawking's, says that at a young age. Hawking __32__ something “truly remarkable”. Krauss says before Hawking， physicists thought that the large gravity of a black hole __33__ everything in and nothing could escape. But by combining quantum mechanics (量子力学）and the theory of relativity, Hawking showed something and changed everything about the way we think about gravity. Krauss says Hawking pointed out a(n) __34__ problem in the way physicists understand our world一a problem that Krauss says has yet to be resolved.But his fame wasn’t just a(n) __35__ of his research. Hawking, who had a rare disease that made it impossible for him to move or speak, was also a popularpublic____36____ and best-selling author. When he came to scientific conferences，the audience focused their attention on him. And it wasn’t just the scientists but the general public as well who showed great __37__ for him. His popular book about his work, A Brief History of Time, was a best-seller. But he agreed that that book was probably the least-read, most-bought book ever. This showed Hawking's sense of humor.~That sense of humor, along with his fame, __38__ Hawking to appear on The Simpsons several times as well as on a number of other popular shows.Toward the end of his life, Hawking’s disease left him almost（瘫痪的）.It look an enormous __39__ for Hawking to communicate, using the tiny movements he could make to control a computer. It’s tempting to say that Hawking achieved his fame in spite of his __40__ challenges.Ⅲ. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.What did we do to deserve cats and dogs Not only are they super cute and make us smile on a daily basis, scientists from Washington State University have now proved that touching our favourite__41__ friends gently for just ten minutes is an effective way to reduce stress levels.In findings published in AERA Open —an open access journal published by the American Educational Research Association —last month, scientists showed that the general __42__ of students improves quickly, with even those who are highly-stressed showing ''significant” reduction in cortisol levels — a chemical produced by our bodies in times of stress.Many universities have adopted "Pet Your Stress Away" programs where students can __43__ cats or dogs and it appears to be showing both psychological and physiological benefits now.,The research, conducted by Washington State University (WSU), shows that pets improve students' moods, and their __44__ as stress-relieving physiological benefit s. “Just 10 minutes can have a significant __45__,” said Patricia Pendry, an associate professor in WSU's Department of Human Development.This is the first study that has demonstrated reductions in students' cortisol levels during a __46__ intervention (介入).The team chose 249 college students and put them into tour random groups and compared the effects of different __47__ to animals. The first group were provided 10 minutes of actual interaction with dogs and cats. The second group waited in line while __48__ others petting the animals. The third group watched a slide-show of the same animals, while the fourth group had to __49__and was told they would be allowed to sec the animals after 10 minutes.Salivary cortisol __50__ were collected from each participant starting from the moment they woke up in the morning. There was significantly less cortisol in the saliva of students who had __51__ interaction with the pets.Many universities have started these __52__ where students can interact with cats or dogs to help relieve the pressures of higher education. “We already knew that students enjoy interacting with animals, and that it helps them experience more__53 __ emotions,” Dr. Pendry said. “What we wanted to learn was whether this exposure would help students reduce their stress in a less __54__ way. And it did, which is __55__because the reduction of stress chemicals may, over time, have significant benefits for physical and ment al health.”41. A. new B. furry C. close …D. personal42. A. endurance B. awareness C. education D. well-being43. A. glance at B. focus on C. interact with !D. escape from44. A. presence B. performance C. intelligence D. perseverance45. A. potential B. problem C. chance 【D. impact46. A. real-life B. part-time C. contributions D. high-quality47. A. responses B. exposures C. contributions &D. approaches48. A. keeping B. preventing C. observing D. catching49. A. swear B. wait C. supervise）D. appreciate50. A. samples B. levels C. injections D. tips51. A. little B. harmonious C. informal！D. direct52. A. campaigns B. programs C. researches D. majors53. A. complex B. intense C. familiar;D. positive54. A. subjective B. risky C. mysterious D. effective55. A. demanding C. exciting 】D. disappointing Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B. C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Every year，the Palace of Fine Arts Theatre in San Francisco fills up with dance lovers. They come to take in experimental works of art that all have one thing in common—hip hop. This weekend the San-Francisco International Hip Hop Dance-Fest celebrates 20 years of presenting electrifying hip hop performances.Each Dance-Fest has diversity (多样化）of style and group size, and a balance of local and out-of-town companies. From Vietnam to Brazil to Uganda to the Czech Republic, the festival has drawn impressive international talent.After a long process, only the most exceptional companies are flown in for Dance-Fest. In fact, outstanding technical dance skills are only a basic standard that the festival organizers are looking for. They look for much more—groups or artists that think outside the box. Artists that use hip hop in a theatrical way or to address social issues are sure to stand out. For instance, the 2010 performance "Tables and Chairs” served to underline the negative effects of alcoholism on society.It would be terribly irresponsible not to mention the founder, Micaya，in any introduction to Dance-Fest. A popular hip hop dance instructor, Micaya began producing high energy dance shows in the heart of San Francisco in of all ages and backgroundslove her classes so much that a San-Francisco newspaper once described her as “Best Dance Instructor”.However，Micaya was concerned about the then dubious reputation of hip hop. She made it her goal to get hip hop the same recognition and respect as other dance forms. In 1999 she started Dance-Fest. It was the first festival of its kind to honor the creativity of hip hop dance in a non-competitive atmosphere. To Micaya, competitive Riles leave little room for the magic that comes from true expression. One review said, Micaya's festival challenges us “to reconsider just how diverse and embracing hip hop can now be.” Indeed, Micaya brings out the best in dancers, and has given San Francisco one of its finest festivals.—56. What is the passage mainly aboutA. The creativity of hip hop.B. The characteristics and the history of Dance-Fest.C. The best instructor of hip hop.D. The unique Riles and the challenge of Dance-Fest.57. Hip-hop dancers are more likely to be chosen for Dance-fest if they cannot only dance skillfully but alsoA. dance on the outside of the boxB. give up drinking alcohol before dancingC. handle social problems with their dance《D. show their technical dance skills in theaters58. By “dubious reputation” in the last paragraph，the author means hip hop back then.A. was forbidden in publicB. was considered something badC. received too much attentionD. lacked creativity and competition59. What can be concluded about Dance-FestA. It is a competition for hip hop dancers.B. It is a dance festival for various dance forms.C. It is successful in popularizing hip hop.)D. It is better respected than other dance festivals.(B)1. Admission and School PoliciesThe enrolment of a prospective pupil to the School is subject to the School’s Admission s and Entry policies and other policies and procedures (including those relating to discip line and curriculum) as modified by the Sch ool from time to time 4. FeesSchool Fees are listed on the Fee Schedule and subject to variation from time to time. A full term’s tuition is payable for any term d uring which the pupil is in attend ance irrespective of the number o f days attended. If tuition fees ha ve not been paid, they shall rema in due and payable and the Refun dable Deposit shall be used to pa y the tuition fees and the parents / guardians remain responsible fo r the rest.The School reserves the right to exclude a pupil where tuition or o ther fees are not paid in full by the due date. The School may als o keep back any information, pupil reports or property in such circu mstances.2. Withdrawal by Parent / Guardian(Parents / Guardians shall give a minimum o f 6 weeks written notice of withdrawal from the School. Notice received during a schoo l holiday will be considered to have been r eceived on the first day of the following se ssion.3. Refundable DepositOn the offer of a place at the School, the Refundable Deposit becomes payable. This is to secure enrolment at the School until th e termly or annual fees have been paid. Th e Refundable Deposit is refundable, and shal l be without interest and without taking int o account changes in exchange rates.5. Termination by the schoolThe school may terminate this agr eement when permanent exclusion or removal is required. The Scho ol shall not take such action with out good cause and full consultati on with parents / guardians and t he pupil. Parents / guardians have the right to appeal to the Orbita l Education International Schools D evelopment Officer on a decision to permanently exclude a pupil.60. The passage can most probably be found in the part “_______” in a schools admissions booklet.A. Application ProceduresB. Terms and ConditionsC. Frequently Asked QuestionsD. Acknowledgement and Declaration》61. What can be learned about tuition feesA. Tuition fees are usually paid after pupils gel their school reports.B. Tuition fees can be paid according to the number of days attended.C. There fundable deposit can be used to pay the tuition after the due date.D. A pupil may be removed from school if part of his tuition fees is overdue.62. It can be inferred from the passage that_______.A. a pupil can withdraw from the school as soon as his guardian gives a written noticeB. there fundable deposit should be paid after the pupil begins study in the schoolC. both the school and the guardian can determine the pupils place in the schoolD. the scho ol’s admissions and entry policies remain the same all these years((C)Data centres and smart-phones will be the most damaging information and communications technologies (ICT) to the environment by 2040, according to new research from W Booth School's Lotfi Belkhir.At the end of winter term in 2014, Lotfi Belkhir was approached by a student taking his Total Sustainability and Management course who asked, “What does software sustainability mean” The Entrepreneurship and Innovation Associate Professor at the W Booth School of Engineering Practice and Technology didn’t have an answer.Belkhir teaches students to think creatively about sustainability tools that can be applied to their ventures. But his tools, at the time, mainly applied to hardware, not software. The student's question inspired Belkhir's latest research on the global emissions footprint of information and communications technology.Belkhir, along with Ahmed Elmeligi, a recent W Booth graduate and co-founder of HINT(Healthcare Innovation in Neuro Technology), studied the carbon footprint of consumer devices such as smart-phones, laptops, tablets, desktops as well as data centres and communication networks as early as 2005. Their findings were published in the Journal of Cleaner Production.Not only did they discover that software is driving the consumption of ICI, they also found that ICI has a greater impact on emissions than we thought and most emissions come from production and operation.“For every text message, for every - phone call, every video you upload or download, there's a data centre making this happen.” Belkhir explains.'Telecommunications networks and data centres consume a lot of energy to serve you and most data centrescontinue to be powered by electricity produced by traditi onal fuels. It’s the energy consumption we don’t see.”Among all the devices, ti*ends suggest that by 2020, the most damaging devices to the environment are smart-phones. While smart-phones consume little energy to operate. 85% of their emissions impact comes from production.》A smart-phone’s chip and motherboard (芯片牙口主板）require the most amount of energy to produce as they are made up of precious metals that are mined at ahigh cost. Smart-phones also have a short life which drives further production of new models and an extraordinary - amount of waste.Belkirhas made policy recommendations based on his findings."Communication and data centres have to go under renewable energy now. The good news is Google and Facebook data centres are going to am on renewable energy. But there needs to be a policy in place so that all data centres follow. Also. It’s not sustainable to have a two-year plan for smart-phones.”63. The story between Lotfi Belkhir and his student in 2014 was mentioned to_______.A. explain the importance of software sustainabilityB. illustrate the inspiration for Belkhir's latest researchC. reveal the damaging impact of ICT on the environmentD. show Belcher’s student's creativity and critical thinking64. One reason why smart-phones may be the most damaging devices of all to the environment by 2020 is that_______.A. they are more precious than other devicesB. they drive the greatest consumption of ICTC. they are frequently replaced by new modelsD. they need large amounts of energy to operate65. To reduce the emission of ICT, Lotfi Belkhir suggests that _______.A. longer plans be made to create renewable data centresB. sustainable materials be invented to produce smart-phonesC. policies be established to advocate everlasting smart-phonesD. green energy be used to operate communication and data centres66. What is the main idea of the passageA. ICT does greater harm to the environment than thought.；B. Software can do irreversible damage to the environment.C. Software is more damaging to the environment than hardware.D. ICT will have the greatest impact on the environment by 2040.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A. But setting up the aeroponic farm was not easy.B. The government wants to greatly expand this percentage.C. Many of the commercial aeroponic systems are relatively costly.;D. Aeroponics, however, does not require traditional farm work or much land.E. Growing with aeroponics is not difficult and its benefits far outweigh any disadvantages. could make a big difference in places where huge amounts of land have been made unfarmable.Growing Food from Air in NigeriaA group of farmers in Nigeria is using a technology-based method to grow crops from mist (水汽) in the air. The method, known as aeroponics, does not involve soil. Instead, plant roots hang in the air. The roots take in nutrients from a watery mist.Aeroponics is not well-known in Nigeria, but farmers there are working to make the technique more popular. ______67______Biochemist Samson Ogbole is popularly known as Nigeria's smart farmer. He and his team are growing crops without soil at the technology-based farm they started three years ago ill Abeokuta. Ogbole says they are on a campaign to end seasonal food scarcity in Nigeria. "Because we are the ones controlling everything that the plant requires, we are not depending on seasons. So it’s no longer seasonal farming. It is just farming anytime of the year，meaning we can plant anytime of the year, and we can harvest anytime of the year.”________68________It required financing of more than $180,000. And some people in Abeokuta were very much against this non-traditional method of farming. It took a lot of effort to change peopled minds about aeroponics.In Nigeria, about 30 million hectares of farmland is being used, instead of the million hectares required for food security. In the north, only 49 percent of the land is fertile, a situation that worries traditional farmers. ________69_________ Nutrients for the plants are controlled by a recycling system, greatly increasing productivity.%Philippines is director general of Nigeria's National Agricultural Seeds Council. He says the government welcomes new farming methods. Ojo noted that with aeroponics,farmers can quickly increase planting materials. So, his group strongly supports the technology.The agricultural industry represents about 40 percent of Nigeria’s economy. _______70________ For now, most farmers lack the technical knowledge to increase productivity. They also need access to high-quality seeds to guarantee better harvests. Technologically skilled farmers like Samson Ogbole are offering a new way forward.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Giving ThanksThis is the season for taking the time to reflect on what we're thankful for in life. Spending that time with friends and family to give thanks is what makes the holidays so special. But why should we limit it to just a few weeks in the years Gratitude is a muscle we should strengthen year-round to make us healthier, happier humans and leaders.Emmons, through his research, found that grateful people reported feeling healthier, both mentally and physically. Specifically, those who were grateful were 25percent happier than those who weren't. In the workplace, well-being is a crucial topic when it comes to preventing employee burn-out and promoting engagement. Beyond the research that shows that employees who are shown that they are appreciated arc more productive by 50 percent, caring for your employees’ well-being is simply the right thing to do. Providing programs that support managing life's everyday challenges, offering fitness classes orimplementing flexible work schedules are just a few things that, when paired with gratitude, can lead to more productive, engaged and happier working professionals.Working in an ever-evolving, fast-paced industry, I am surrounded by ambitious people who are always striving for more and better. Gratitude challenges yon to reflect in the moment instead of always thinking about the future. It starts by paying attention to what's going on in your life, and that true self-awareness is a key ingredient to being successful in your career.Gratitude is a powerful tool for strengthening relationships, both at work and in your personal life. People who express their gratitude tend to be more willing to forgive others and therefore able to create long-lasting connections.@The old saying goes “It’s never too late to say you’re sorry,” but the same is true of gratitude. That’s a gift worth celebrating 365 days a year.V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 出于好奇，杰克向村民们打听了这座城堡的历史。
2019年广东省高三语文一模语文试题一、现代文阅读（36分）（一）论述类文本阅读（本题共3小题，9分）阅读下面的文字，完成1～3题。
道德的本质不是远离“得”，而是要学会如何在处理现实复杂利益关系中获得正当性；道德的完满也不是不要“得”，而是能够自如地运用符合“德”的方式去“得”，儒家“孝”伦理发展到“德”的阶段，便在个体自身内部完成了“孝”的内化，但这只是抽象地完成。
儒家“孝”伦理的意义与价值，决不仅仅是精神的自我完成，而是“外化为他物”。
这种现实外化就是“得”，就是使儒家“孝”伦理能够更有效地干预现实社会生活。
“得”是儒家“孝”伦理逻辑运行的目的。
但“得”的实现与获取也不能偏离伦理的逻辑。
在儒家“孝”伦理中，“德”与“得”互相投射，形成了具有丰富内涵的逻辑结构。
第一，“得”必颓有“德”。
在中国传统社会，因为孝行而获得社会广泛认可的孝子不乏其人，这种认可包括物质和精神两方面的嘉奖：在物质上能够获得上层的封赏，比如对孝子实行赦免赋税的优惠等；在精神上获得社会的广泛赞誉，孝子们被旌表门闾、载入史书，其而能够因为孝行被选入官。
反之，如果有不孝者，则被除名削爵，永世不得续用。
第二，“德”必然能“得”。
舜因何能贵为天子，因为舜是大孝之人，德行高远。
而且这种大德能使老百姓受益，自然就会受到上天的保佑，所以大德之人必然会“得”。
“德”不以“得”为目的，但“德”却必然有“得”的报答。
父子是血亲相连的天伦关系，如果孝敬双亲是为了赢得孝子的美名和求得功利，则损害了亲亲之情，使人失去最基本的情感依托。
所以，“得”并非最终目的，只是在进行价值预设时，人们确信孝子必然会得到好的归宿。
所以，在主观动机上，“德”并非为了“得”；但在客观效果上，“德”却必然“得”。
第三，有“德”就是“得”。
孝的根本是对父母的血缘情感的真实流露，而不是出于机心和利益，那种对自然本真的背离会导致孝的矫揉造作。
特别是汉代以来，越来越多外在的物质利益附加在孝上面，使孝越来越远离人性的自然。
1宝山区V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 交友时不要以貌取人。
(base)73. 经历了一场大病后,他明白了生命无价。
(suffer)74. 2018上海进口博览会展示了创新理念,促进了自由贸易。
(meanwhile)75. 不管到哪里旅游,都应该尊重当地的风俗习惯。
这样才能成为一名文明的游客。
(no matter)72.Don’t judge a person based on his appearance when making friends.73. After he suffered a serious illness, he realized that life is priceless.74. The 2018 Shanghai International Import Expo shows innovative ideas, meanwhile it promotes free trade.75.No matter where you travel, you should respect the local customs and habits, which will help you become a civilized traveller.2 崇明区V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 科学家们惊叹于这些植物对城市环境的快速适应。
（adaption）73. 我妹妹的课堂笔记一向一目了然，值得学习。
2019年上海市各区高三一模语文试卷汇编——文言文一【徐汇区】（四）阅读下文，完成第15—20题。
（18分）苏颂传①苏颂，字子容，泉州南安人。
第进士，知江宁县。
②仁宗崩，建山陵。
有司以不时难得之物厉诸郡。
颂曰：“遗诏务从．俭约，岂有土不产而可强赋乎？量其有无，事亦随集。
”③送契丹使，宿恩州，驿舍火，左右请出避，颂不动。
州兵欲入救，闭门不纳，徐使防卒扑灭之。
初火时，郡人汹汹．．，唱使者有变，救兵亦欲因而生事，赖颂安静而止。
遂闻京师，神宗疑焉。
颂使还，入奏，称善久之。
④徙亳州。
有豪妇罪当杖而病，每旬检之，未愈。
谯簿邓元孚谓颂子曰：“尊公高明以政称岂可为一妇所绐但谕医如法检自不诬矣。
”颂曰：“万事付公议，何容心焉。
若言语轻重，则人有观望，或致有悔。
”既而妇死。
元孚惭曰：“我辈狭小，岂可测公之用心也。
”⑤吴越饥，选知杭州。
一日，出遇百余人，哀诉曰：“某以转运司责逋市易缗钱，夜囚昼系，虽死无以偿。
”颂曰：“吾释汝，使汝营生，奉衣食之余，悉以偿官，期以岁月而足，可乎？”皆谢不敢负，果如期而足。
⑥既又请别制浑仪，因命颂提举。
颂既邃．于律历，以吏部令史韩公廉晓算术，有巧思，奏用之。
授以古法，为台三层，上设浑仪，中设浑象，下设司辰，贯以一机，激水转轮，不假人力。
时至刻临．，则司辰出告。
星辰緾度所次，占候则验，不差晷刻，昼夜晦明，皆可推见，前此未有也。
——节选自《宋史·列传第九十九》15．解释下列加点词在句中的意思。
（2分）⑴遗诏务从．俭约⑵时至刻临．16．为下列句中加点词选择释义正确的一项。
（2分）⑴郡人汹汹．．（）A．骚乱不宁 B.议论纷纷 C.气势凶猛 D.争吵不休⑵颂既邃．于律历（）A．深入 B.深远 C.探究 D.精通17．第④段画曲线部分断句正确的一项是（）。
（2分）A.尊公高明/以政称岂可/为一妇所绐/但谕医如法/检自不诬矣B. 尊公高明以政称/岂可为一妇所绐/但谕医如法检/自不诬矣C. 尊公高明/以政称/岂可为一妇/所绐但谕医如法检/自不诬矣D. 尊公高明以政称/岂可为一妇/所绐但谕医如法/检自不诬矣18．把第⑤段画线句译成现代汉语。
2019年高三一模文言文一汇编【精校Word版】宝山区（四）阅读下文，完成第15—20题。
（18分）大西洋（明）沈德符①利玛窦①字西泰，以入贡至，因留不去。
近以病终于邸上赐赙葬甚厚今其墓在西山。
往时予游京师，曾与卜邻．．，果异人也。
②初来即寓香山岙，学华言读华书者凡二十年，比．至京，已斑白矣。
入都时在今上庚子年，途经天津，为税监马堂所谁何．．，尽留其未名之宝，仅以天主像及天主母像为献。
礼部以所称大西洋，为《会典》②所不载，难比客部久贡诸夷，姑量赏遣还。
上不听，俾从便僦居。
③玛窦自云：其国名欧罗巴，去中国不知几千万里，今琐里③诸国，亦称西洋④，与中国附近，列于职贡，而实非也。
今中土士人授其学者遍宇内，而金陵尤甚。
盖天主之教，自是西方一种，释氏所云旁门外道，亦自奇快动人，若以为窥伺．．中华，以待风尘之警⑤，失之远矣。
【注】①利玛窦（1552—1610）：意大利传教士，明朝万历十年来到中国。
后因病卒于北京。
②《会典》：朝廷职掌制度的书。
③琐里：古代南洋群岛上的一个小国名。
④西洋：当时将南海以西沿海各地都称为“西洋”。
⑤风尘之警：军事行动。
15.写出下列加点词在句中的意思。
（2分）（1）比．至京（）（2）若以为窥伺．．中华（）16.为下列句中加点词选择释义正确的一项。
（2分）（1）曾与卜邻．．（）A.选择邻居B.寻找住所C.占卜验证D.询问邻居（2）为税监马堂所谁何．．（）A.斥责B.盘问C.何人所为D.呵护何人17.第①段画线部分断句正确的一项是（）（2分）A.近以病终于邸上，赐赙葬甚厚，今其墓在西山。
B.近以病终，于邸上赐，赙葬甚厚今，其墓在西山。
C.近以病终于邸，上赐赙葬甚厚，今其墓在西山。
D.近以病终，于邸上赐赙，葬甚厚今，其墓在西山。
18.将第②段画线句译成现代汉语。
（6分）19.根据文中内容推测，利玛窦是意大利人，为何自称自己来自大西洋？（4分）20.根据第③段内容，概括利玛窦给中国带来的影响。
崇明卷何铸字伯寿，余杭人。
登政和五年进士第，历官州县，入为诸王宫大小学教授、秘书郎。
御史中丞廖刚荐铸操履劲正，可备拾遗补阙之选。
即命对。
铸首陈：“动天之德莫大于孝，感物之道莫过于诚。
诚孝既至，则归梓宫于陵寝，奉两宫于魏阙，绍大业，复境土，又何难焉!”帝嘉纳之。
拜监察御史，寻迁殿中侍御史。
上疏论：“士大夫心术不正，徇虚以掠名，托名以规利。
言不由衷而首尾向背，行险自售而设意相倾者，为事君之失。
怀险巇之谋，行刻薄之政，轻儇不庄，慢易无礼者，为行己之失。
乞大明好恶，中饬中外，各务正其心术，毋或欺诞。
”盖有所指也。
先是，秦桧力主和议，大将岳飞有战功，金人所深忌，桧恶其异己，欲除之，胁飞故将王贵上变，逮飞系大理狱，先命铸鞫之。
铸引飞至庭，诘其反状。
飞袒而示之背，背有旧涅“尽忠报国”四大字，深入肤里。
既而阅实俱无验，铸察其冤，白之桧。
桧不悦曰：“此上意也。
”铸曰：“铸岂区区为一岳飞者?强敌未灭，无故戮一大将，失士卒心，非社稷之长计。
”桧语塞，改命万俟。
飞死狱中，子云斩于市。
桧衔铸。
时金遣萧毅、邢具瞻来议事，桧言：“先帝梓宫未反，太后銮舆尚迁朔方，非大臣不可祈请。
”乃以铸为端明殿学士，签书枢密院事为报谢使。
铸曰：“是行犹颜真卿使李希烈也，然君命不可辞。
”既返命，桧讽万俟使论铸私岳飞为不反，欲窜诸岭表，帝不从，止谪徽州。
时有使金者还，言金人问铸安在，曾用否。
于是复使知温州。
未几，以端明殿学士提举万寿观兼侍读，召赴行在，力辞。
乃再遣使金，使事秘而不传。
既归报，帝复许以大用，除资政殿学士、知徽州。
居数月，提举江州太平兴国宫。
卒，年六十五。
(选自《宋史·何铸列传》，有删改) 参考译文：何铸，字伯寿，余杭人。
在北宋政和五年中了进士，做过多年州县的官，进入宫廷任诸王宫大小学教授、秘书郎。
御史中丞廖刚认为何铸刚正不阿、操守严明，推荐何铸为谏官的候补人选。
于是皇上命令臣子阐述政见。
何铸首先说：“感动上天的德行没有比孝顺更大的，感化万物的方法没有比真诚更好的。
真诚和孝顺都做到了，那么使梓宫归于陵寝，恭敬地迎接两宫回朝，接续大业，收复失地，这又有什么难的呢!”皇帝称赞何铸并采纳了他的意见。
何铸被授予监察御史的官职，不久又升为殿中侍御史。
他给皇帝上疏说：“士大夫心术不正，弄虚作假来获得好名声，又假托好名声来获取私利。
说话言不由衷且前后相违背，他们行事险恶却自我标榜，假装友善却互相倾轧，这是他们侍奉君主的过失。
心藏险恶的阴谋，实施刻薄的政令，轻浮不庄重，轻慢无礼，这是他们个人品行上的过失。
希望您申明正义，分清好恶，告诫朝廷内外的官员，要求他们心地坦荡，不要以虚夸骗人。
”这可能是专指某些人的。
以前，秦桧大力主张议和，大将军岳飞有战功，被金人痛恨，秦桧恨岳飞反对自己，想要除掉岳飞，于是威胁岳飞的旧部王贵诬告岳飞叛变，逮捕了岳飞，关在大理寺监狱里，起初命令何铸审问他。
何铸把岳飞带到庭中，问他谋反的事情。
岳飞当庭露出背部，背上刺有“尽忠报国”四个大字，深入到肌肤里面。
不久查证事实，都没有证据，何铸明白岳飞的冤屈，把情况报告给秦桧。
秦桧不高兴地说：“这是皇上的意思。
”何铸说：“我何铸难道仅仅是为了救一个岳飞吗?如今强大的敌人还没有被消灭，无缘无故杀死一名大将，会失去军心的，这不是国家的长远之计。
”秦桧说不出话来，就改让万俟处理此事。
岳飞死在了狱中，他的儿子岳云被处斩于集市。
秦桧对何铸怀恨在心。
当时正值金人派萧毅、邢具瞻来议事，秦桧说：“先帝的灵柩还没有回来，太后的銮车还在北方，除大臣外都不可祈请议事。
”于是让何铸以端明殿学士、签书枢密院事的身份，作为报谢使出使金国。
何铸说：“这次出行犹如颜真卿出使劝降李希烈，但是君主的命令不能推辞。
”等到何铸回来复命，秦桧暗示万俟在皇上面前说何铸私自认为岳飞没有谋反，想把何铸流放到岭南，皇帝没有听从，只是把何铸贬到徽州。
当时有出使金国的大臣回来，说金人问何铸在哪里，是否曾被重用。
皇帝于是就命何铸掌管温州。
不久，被封为端明殿学士提举万寿观兼侍读，(皇上)下诏命令何铸立刻前往皇帝所在地，何铸极力推辞。
于是又派何铸出使金国，并命令秘密行事，不得外传。
等到何铸归来上报时，皇帝又重用何铸，授予他资政殿学士的职位，并掌管徽州。
过了几个月后，又把他提升为江州太平兴国宫。
后来去世，享年六十五岁。
曾国藩《原才》【题解与导读】原，论说文体之一，盖推究事物本原之义以示人。
此体起于韩愈作五原，后人因之；其曲折抑扬，与论说相表里。
韩愈原道、黄宗羲原君，为“原”体之名篇。
本篇讨论人才培养问题，从强调人才的重要，讲到培养人才的方法，再论述陶铸人才之责无旁贷，而以收效将来作结，可谓原始要终，曲尽其义。
陶铸人才，以移风易俗，这是文正公一贯的主张，既见于奏疏，也见于日记，本篇论点，最见具体而微。
晚清政局，已是山雨欲来风满楼。
为挽回颓势，曾氏主张从陶铸人才，转移风气入手；另一位激烈改革者龚自珍也关心人才，他讥切时政，以解放人才为诉求，龚自珍所作病梅记，可与原才比观并读。
【原文】风俗之厚薄奚自(1)乎？自乎一二人之心所向(2)而已。
民之生，庸弱者，戢戢(3)皆是也。
有一二贤且智者，则众人君之(4)而受命焉；尤智者，所君尤众焉。
此一二人者之心向义，则众人与之赴义；一二人者之心向利，则众人与之赴利。
众人所趋，势之所归，虽有大力，莫之敢逆。
故曰：“挠万物者莫疾乎风。
(5)”风俗之于人之心，始乎微，而终乎不可御者也。
先王之治天下，使贤者皆当路在势，其风民(6)也皆以义，故道一而俗同。
世教既衰，所谓一二人者，不尽在位，彼其心之所向，势不能不腾(7)为口说，而播为声气(8)。
而众人者，势不能不听命，而蒸(9)为习尚。
于是乎徒党蔚起(10)，而一时之人才出焉。
有以仁义倡者，其徒党亦死仁义而不顾；有以功利倡者，其徒党亦死功利而不返。
“水流湿，火就燥(11)。
”无感不雠(12)，所从来久矣。
今之君子之在势者，辄曰：“天下无才。
”彼自尸于高明之地(13)，不克以己之所向，转移习俗，而陶铸(14)一世之人；而翻谢(15)曰：“无才。
”谓之不诬，可乎？否也！十室之邑(16)，有好义之士，其智足以移十人者，必能拔十人之尤者而材之。
其智足以移百人者，必能拔百人中之尤者而材之。
然则转移习俗而陶铸一世之人，非特处高明之地者然也；凡一命(17)以上，皆与有责焉者也。
有国家者，得吾说而存之，则将慎择与共天位(18)之人；士大夫得吾说而存之，则将惴惴乎(19)谨其心之所向，恐一不当，而坏风俗，而贼(20)人才。
循是为之，数十年之后，万有一收其效者乎！非所逆睹已(21)。
【注释】(1) 厚薄奚自：淳厚朴实、浮薄衰弱。
奚自，何自、从那里产生。
(2) 向：同“向”，倾向。
(3) 戢戢：聚集众多的样子。
(4) 君之：尊敬他。
君，尊崇。
引申为拥戴。
(5) 挠万物者莫疾乎风：挠，摇动。
疾，急速、猛烈。
语出周易说卦传。
(6) 风民：教育感化人民。
(7) 腾：传播。
(8) 声气：声势、风气。
(9) 蒸：兴起、渐成。
(10) 蔚起：聚集起来。
(11) 水流湿火就燥：水向低洼湿润之处流动，火跟随干燥之物燃烧。
二句出周易干卦文言。
(12) 雠：应答、响应、应验。
(13) 自尸于高明之地：尸，主事、居位。
高明，地位显贵。
地，地位。
(14) 陶铸：培养造就。
(15) 翻谢：反而推辞。
翻，同“反”。
谢，推辞。
(16) 十室之邑：言邑之小者。
语见论语公冶长篇。
(17) 一命：官阶之最低者。
周制：任官自一命至九命，九命为最高。
(18) 天位：天子之位。
(19) 贼：伤害。
(20) 逆睹：预见。
逆，预先。
【翻译】社会风尚的淳厚和浮薄是从那里产生的呢？产生于一两个人的思想倾向罢了。
百姓们中间，平庸懦弱的人比比皆是，如果有一两位贤能有智能的人，大家就会拥戴他们并听从他们的教导；特别贤能有智能的人，拥戴他的人就特别多。
这一两个人的心向于仁义，众人便和他一起追求仁义；这一二个人的心倾向名利，众人便和他一起奔竞名利。
众人所奔赴的，就形成大势所趋，即使有巨大的力量，也没有谁敢违背它，所以说：“摇撼天下万物的，没有比风来得迅速强劲了。
”社会风尚对于个人的思想影响来说，起初很微弱，最后将是不可抗拒的。
古代的帝王治理天下，使贤能智能的人都居要职、掌权势，他们教化人民也都用仁义道德，所以那时社会规范统一而风尚相同。
世道教化衰微后，前面所说的那一两个人并不全在重要的职位上，但他们的志向主张，势必不能不从口中极力宣扬出来、广为传播而造成声势。
那么众人也势必不能不听从他们的号召，渐渐形成习俗风尚。
这样，他们志同道合的跟随者就聚集增多，一时的人才就从这里产生出来了。
倡导仁义的人，他的追随者会为仁义而死，义无反顾；号召功利的人，他的追随者也会为功利而牺牲，决不回头。
（周易干卦文言说：）“水向潮湿的地方流，火接近干燥的东西烧。
”没有什么感召是得不到感应的，这种情况已经由来很久了。
现在掌握权势的君子，往往说：“天下没有人才”，他们身居高位显贵，不能用自己的理想去转变风尚、造就当代人才，却反而推辞说“没有人才”，认为这不是自欺欺人的话，行吗？不行的！十户人家的小城，其中如果有崇尚仁义的君子，他的智能足以改变十个人，就一定能选拔十人中的优异者栽培成材；他的智能能够改变一百个人，就一定能选拔一百人之中的优异者栽培成材。
那么，移风易俗和栽培造就一代人才，并非仅仅是身居显贵之人的事，凡是有一官半职的人，都有责任参与此事。
主宰国家行政的人采取我的主张，并且念兹在兹，就会谨慎选择能共同维护帝位的人才；士大夫采取我的主张，并且念兹在兹，就会戒慎恐惧谨慎自己的志向，担心想法偶有不当，因而败坏风尚和摧残人才。
照这方法去做，几十年以后，可能有收到成效的一天吧？这就不是我所能预见的了。
【深究与鉴赏】陶铸人才，移风易俗，是曾氏力挽晚清政局之颓势，所提出之救病良方。
对于人才之栽培与任用，曾氏早已身体力行。
弟子黎庶昌庸庵文编序曾称：道光末年，风气败坏颓放到了极点，“曾文正公始起而正之，以躬行为天下先，以讲求有用之学为僚友劝，士从而与之游，稍稍得闻往圣昔贤修己治人、平天下之大旨。
而其幕府辟召，皆极一时英隽，朝夕论思，久之窥其本末，推阐智虑，各自发摅，风气至为一变！”本篇文章之见解，曾氏早已躬行实践，试验有成，自与徒托空言，不切实际者有别。
曾氏为文，私淑方苞、姚鼐，深得桐城义法“雅洁不芜”的精髓。
本篇文章，在“端绪不繁”，“陈义不杂”方面，的确与桐城派标榜之“义法”一致。
就章法和修辞学来说，开篇运用“提叙”法，各段灵活使用层递、对衬之修辞技巧，且论事说理，有详有略，有主有宾，故能“雅洁不芜”。
其中有铺叙、有转折，有短句、有长句，句法变化，跌宕生情，值得品赏。
本篇以陶铸人才为主体，移风易俗则申其作用。
故篇首开宗明义即揭示论点大纲，道破一篇要旨。
