I wondered as a lonly clould赏析
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英国人最爱的英语诗歌:我如行云独自游-by华兹华斯《我如行云独自游-》是华兹华斯抒情的代表作之一,写于1804年。
据说此诗是根据诗人兄妹俩一起外出游玩时深深地被大自然的妩媚所吸引这一经历写成的,体现了诗人关于诗歌应描写"平静中回忆起来的情感(emotion recollected in tranquility)这一诗学主张。
全诗可以分成两大部分;写景和抒情。
诗的开篇以第一人称叙述,格调显得低沉忧郁。
诗人一方面竭力捕捉回忆的渺茫信息,另一方面又觉得独自漂游,可以自由自在地欣赏大自然所赋予的美景。
他把自己比作一朵流云,随意飘荡,富有想象的诗句暗示诗人有一种排遣孤独、向往自由的心情。
在他的回忆中,水仙花缤纷茂密,如繁星点点在微风中轻盈飘舞。
I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud 我如行云独自游中英对照:——William WordsworthI wandered lonely as a cloud 我孤独地漫游,像一朵云That floats on high over vales and hills, 在山丘和谷地上飘荡,When all at once I saw a crowd, 忽然间我看见一群A host, of golden daffodils; 金色的水仙花迎春开放,Beside the lake, beneath the trees, 在树荫下,在湖水边,Fluttering and dancing in the breeze.迎着微风起舞翩翩。
Continuous as the stars that shine 连绵不绝,如繁星灿烂,And twinkle on the milky way,在银河里闪闪发光,They stretched in never-ending line 它们沿着湖湾的边缘Along the margin of a bay: 延伸成无穷无尽的一行;Ten thousand saw I at a glance,我一眼看见了一万朵,Tossing their heads in sprightly dance.在欢舞之中起伏颠簸。
I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud By William Wordsworth1I wandered lonely as a cloud 我好似一朵孤独的流云, (Simile)That floats on high o'er vales and hills,高高地飘游在山谷之上, (Simile)When all at once I saw a crowd,突然我看见一大片鲜花,(Personification/Metaphor)A host, of golden daffodils;是金色的水仙遍地开放,Beside the lake, beneath the trees, 它们开在湖畔,开在树下, (alliteration)Fluttering and dancing in the breeze.它们随风嬉舞,随风波荡。
(Personification/Metaphor2Continuous as the stars that shine 它们密集如银河的星星,And twinkle on the milky way, 像群星在闪烁一片晶莹; (一二两行Simile/hyperbole)They stretched in never-ending line 它们沿着海湾向前伸展,Along the margin of a bay: 通往远方仿佛无穷无尽; (三四两行Simile/hyperbole)Ten thousand saw I at a glance, 一眼看去就有千朵万朵,Tossing their heads in sprightly dance..万花摇首舞得多么高兴。
(personification)3The waves beside them danced; but they粼粼湖波也在近旁欢跳, (personification)Out-did the sparkling waves in glee:却不如这水仙舞得轻俏; (personification)A poet could not but be gay;诗人遇见这快乐的旅伴,In such a jocund company;又怎能不感到欣喜雀跃;I gazed—and gazed—but little thought我久久凝视——却未领悟What wealth the show to me had brought:...这景象所给我的精神之宝。
《水仙花》(飞白译)我孤独地漫游,像一朵云在山丘和谷地上飘荡,忽然间我看见一群金色的水仙花迎春开放,在树荫下,在湖水边,迎着微风起舞翩翩。
连绵不绝,如繁星灿烂,在银河里闪闪发光,它们沿着湖湾的边缘延伸成无穷无尽的一行;我一眼看见了一万朵,在欢舞之中起伏颠簸。
粼粼波光也在跳着舞,水仙的欢欣却胜过水波;与这样快活的伴侣为伍,诗人怎能不满心欢乐!我久久凝望,却想象不到这奇景赋予我多少财宝,——每当我躺在床上不眠,或心神空茫,或默默沉思,它们常在心灵中闪现,那是孤独之中的福祉;于是我的心便涨满幸福,和水仙一同翩翩起舞。
雪莱:西风颂1哦,狂暴的西风,秋之生命的呼吸!你无形,但枯死的落叶被你横扫,有如鬼魅碰到了巫师,纷纷逃避:黄的,黑的,灰的,红得像患肺痨,呵,重染疫疠的一群:西风呵,是你以车驾把有翼的种子催送到黑暗的冬床上,它们就躺在那里,像是墓中的死穴,冰冷,深藏,低贱,直等到春天,你碧空的姊妹吹起她的喇叭,在沉睡的大地上响遍,(唤出嫩芽,象羊群一样,觅食空中)将色和香充满了山峰和平原。
不羁的精灵呵,你无处不远行;破坏者兼保护者:听吧,你且聆听!2没入你的急流,当高空一片混乱,流云象大地的枯叶一样被撕扯脱离天空和海洋的纠缠的枝干。
成为雨和电的使者:它们飘落在你的磅礴之气的蔚蓝的波面,有如狂女的飘扬的头发在闪烁,从天穹的最遥远而模糊的边沿直抵九霄的中天,到处都在摇曳欲来雷雨的卷发,对濒死的一年你唱出了葬歌,而这密集的黑夜将成为它广大墓陵的一座圆顶,里面正有你的万钧之力的凝结;那是你的浑然之气,从它会迸涌黑色的雨,冰雹和火焰:哦,你听!3是你,你将蓝色的地中海唤醒,而它曾经昏睡了一整个夏天,被澄澈水流的回旋催眠入梦,就在巴亚海湾的一个浮石岛边,它梦见了古老的宫殿和楼阁在水天辉映的波影里抖颤,而且都生满青苔、开满花朵,那芬芳真迷人欲醉!呵,为了给你让一条路,大西洋的汹涌的浪波把自己向两边劈开,而深在渊底那海洋中的花草和泥污的森林虽然枝叶扶疏,却没有精力;听到你的声音,它们已吓得发青:一边颤栗,一边自动萎缩:哦,你听!4哎,假如我是一片枯叶被你浮起,假如我是能和你飞跑的云雾,是一个波浪,和你的威力同喘息,假如我分有你的脉搏,仅仅不如你那么自由,哦,无法约束的生命!假如我能像在少年时,凌风而舞便成了你的伴侣,悠游天空(因为呵,那时候,要想追你上云霄,似乎并非梦幻),我就不致像如今这样焦躁地要和你争相祈祷。
I wandered lonely as a cloud我孤独地漫游,像一朵云在山丘和谷地上飘荡,忽然间我看见一群金色的水仙花迎春开放,在树荫下,在湖水边,迎着微风起舞翩翩。
连绵不绝,如繁星灿烂,在银河里闪闪发光,它们沿着湖湾的边缘延伸成无穷无尽的一行;我一眼看见了一万朵,在欢舞之中起伏颠簸。
粼粼波光也在跳着舞,水仙的欢欣却胜过水波;与这样快活的伴侣为伍,诗人怎能不满心欢乐!我久久凝望,却想象不到这奇景赋予我多少财宝,——每当我躺在床上不眠,或心神空茫,或默默沉思,它们常在心灵中闪现,那是孤独之中的福祉;于是我的心便涨满幸福,和水仙一同翩翩起舞。
赏析《我孤独地漫游,像一朵云》为一首诗歌,作者威廉·华兹华斯(1770~1850)英国诗人。
华兹华斯与柯尔律治(Samuel Taylor Coleridge)、骚塞(Robert Southey)同被称为“湖畔派”诗人(Lake Poets)。
他们也是英国文学中最早出现的浪漫主义作家。
他们喜爱大自然,描写宗法制农村生活,厌恶资本主义的城市文明和冷酷的金钱关系,他们远离城市,隐居在昆布兰湖区和格拉斯米尔湖区,由此得名“湖畔派”。
华兹华斯在1843年被任命为“桂冠诗人”,然而纵观他的一生,其诗歌成就是突出的,不愧为继莎士比亚、弥尔顿之后的一代大家。
《我独自漫游像一朵浮云》(又译《水仙花》),创作于1804年,是英国诗歌史上最著名的杰作之一。
诗人的灵感来自于妹妹多萝西的一段文字,这段文字描述了兄妹二人某次外出途中看到的水仙花群在风中起舞的景象。
诗人在1807年发表了这篇作品,之后进行了修改,并于1815年重新发表,今天广为人们传诵的就是后来的版本。
这首诗充分利用了拟人、比喻等手法将大自然的美妙表现得生动逼真,似乎将读者置身于湖畔上连绵的水仙花随风舞动的风景当中。
而最后两段诗人的沉吟和思考,表现了诗人享受于回味自然美景带来的精神愉悦,这也符合华兹华斯推崇的诗歌体现主观感受的理念。
i wonder lonely as a cloud的格律(原创版)目录1.诗歌《i wonder lonely as a cloud》的背景介绍2.诗歌的格律特点3.诗歌的韵律和节奏4.诗歌中的意象和修辞手法5.总结正文《i wonder lonely as a cloud》是英国诗人威廉·华兹华斯(William Wordsworth)创作的一首脍炙人口的诗歌。
该诗写于 1802 年,是华兹华斯“湖畔诗篇”中的一部分,该诗篇主张回归自然,强调诗歌应源于生活、反映生活,并以自然为诗歌创作的主要题材。
在分析这首诗歌的格律特点时,我们可以发现它具有典型的浪漫主义风格。
首先,从诗歌的形式上看,它采用了无韵自由诗的形式,没有严格的韵律规律,使得诗人可以更加自由地表达自己的情感和思想。
然而,尽管没有明显的韵律规律,这首诗歌仍具有较强的节奏感。
华兹华斯在这首诗歌中巧妙地运用了重复和对比的手法来强调诗歌的节奏感。
例如,诗中的“i wonder”和“i lie”两个短语的重复,以及“cloud”和“crowd”的对比,都使得整首诗歌在节奏上显得跌宕起伏。
此外,华兹华斯还运用了许多自然界的意象,如云、雨、太阳等,使得诗歌呈现出丰富的画面感,增强了读者的阅读体验。
在韵律方面,尽管《i wonder lonely as a cloud》没有严格的韵律规律,但华兹华斯在诗中巧妙地运用了音韵的变化来强调诗歌的节奏感。
例如,“i wonder lonely as a cloud”和“i lie in the valley with myhead on the ground”两句中的“cloud”和“crowd”以及“ground”和“sound”等词的押韵,都使得整首诗歌在音韵上具有一种和谐的美感。
综上所述,《i wonder lonely as a cloud》是一首具有浪漫主义风格的无韵自由诗。
虽然它没有严格的韵律规律,但通过音韵和意象的巧妙运用,使得整首诗歌在节奏和画面感上都表现出了较高的艺术价值。
英诗《咏水仙》艺术特色解读---《名作欣赏·下旬刊》2009年第8期发布: 2010-1-08 10:54 | 作者: 出水莲| 来源: 云梦中文网关键词: 华兹华斯水仙花艺术特色摘要:《咏水仙》是英国诗人威廉·华兹华斯的一首抒情诗。
诗中他以水仙花为主线,描写了大自然的优美风光。
诗人同时借景抒情,流露出了他的悲观情绪。
本文从音韵、视觉、意境三方面来解读诗的艺术特色。
我好似一朵孤独的流云,高高地飘游在山谷之上,突然我看见一大片鲜花,是金色的水仙遍地开放,它们开在湖畔,开在树下,它们随风嬉舞,随风波荡。
它们密集如银河的星星,像群星在闪烁一片晶莹;它们沿着海湾向前伸展,通往远方仿佛无穷无尽;一眼看去就有千朵万朵,万花摇首舞得多么高兴。
粼粼湖波也在近旁欢跳,却不如这水仙舞得轻俏;诗人遇见这快乐的旅伴,又怎能不感到欣喜雀跃;我久久凝视——却未领悟这景象所给我的精神之宝。
后来多少次我郁郁独卧,感到百无聊赖心灵空漠;这景象便在脑海中闪现,多少次安慰过我的寂寞;我的心又随水仙跳起舞来,我的心又重新充满了欢乐。
——[英]威廉·华兹华斯:《咏水仙》①《咏水仙》是英国消极浪漫主义诗人威廉·华兹华斯的代表作之一。
由于华兹华斯在英国西北部的湖畔地区度过了一生中的大半时光,所以又被称作“湖畔派诗人”。
以他为代表的“湖畔派诗人”被认为是英国的第一代浪漫主义诗人。
1843年他被封为桂冠诗人。
同其他“湖畔派诗人”一样,华兹华斯早年同情并歌颂法国革命,后趋向保守,甚至赞扬农村的封建宗法制度,同以拜伦、雪莱为代表的积极浪漫主义形成了鲜明的对比。
华兹华斯认为一切好诗都是强烈情感的自然流露,而思想则改变和指导着情感的流注。
他提倡诗歌的题材应从宫廷转向民间,从城市转向山乡湖畔,主张“选择日常生活的事件和情节”。
因为普通人的生活要比王公贵族的生活含有更多的诗意,田园生活要比宫廷生活、城市生活更富有自然美。
I Wandered Lonely as a Cloudemploys masculine rhy me(A shift of his feelings)I wandered lonely as a cloudThat floats on high o'er vales and hills,When all at once I saw a crowd,A host,of golden daffodils;Beside the lake,beneath the trees,Fluttering and dancing in the breeze。
Continuous as the stars that shineAnd twinkle on the Milky Way,They stretched in never-ending lineAlong the margin of a bay:Ten thousand saw I at a glance,Tossing their heads in sprightly dance。
The waves beside them danced; but they Out-did the sparkling waves in glee:A poet could not but be gay,In such a jocund company:I gazed——-and gazed---but little thought What wealth the show to me had brought:For oft,when on my couch I lieIn vacant or in pensive mood,They flash upon that inward eyeWhich is the bliss of solitude;And then my heart with pleasure fills,And dances with the daffodils。
I Wandered Lonely as a Cloudemploys masculine rhy me(A shift of his feelings)I wandered lonely as a cloudThat floats on high o'er vales and hills,When all at once I saw a crowd,A host, of golden daffodils;Beside the lake, beneath the trees,Fluttering and dancing in the breeze.Continuous as the stars that shineAnd twinkle on the Milky Way,They stretched in never-ending lineAlong the margin of a bay:Ten thousand saw I at a glance, Tossing their heads in sprightly dance.The waves beside them danced; but they Out-did the sparkling waves in glee:A poet could not but be gay,In such a jocund company:I gazed---and gazed---but little thought What wealth the show to me had brought:For oft, when on my couch I lieIn vacant or in pensive mood,They flash upon that inward eyeWhich is the bliss of solitude;And then my heart with pleasure fills,And dances with the daffodils.Comment: I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud“I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud” was written by William Wor dsworth, the representative poet of the early romanticism. As a great poet of nature, William Wordsworth was the first to fin d words for the most elementary sensations of man face to fa ce with natural phenomena. These sensations are universal and old but, once expressed in his poetry, become charmingly beau tiful and new. His deep love for nature runs through short lyri cs such as “I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud” The poem implies that the relation between the poem and nature is one of unity and that they can be one. The poem has become nature itself in the poem.“I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud” is a poem about nature. With h is pure and poetic language, Wordsworth brings us into a beautiful world where there are daffodils, trees and breeze. We follow the p oet at every turn of his feelings. We share his melancholy when he “wandered lonely as a cloud” and his delight the moment his heart “with pleasure fills ”. We come to realize the great power of nature that may influence our life deeply as revealed in the poem. In the poem “I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud”, the poet also make s great use of the “music ”of the language to achieve sound beauty in addition to convey meaning. He employs masculine rhyme in “a, b, a, b, c, c” pattern to receive emphasis as a musical effect. (e.g. “cloud” (a), “hills” (b), “crowd” (a), “daffodils” (b), “trees” (c), “br eeze” (c) in stanza 1). He also achieves musical quality by the ma nagement of alliteration (e.g. “That floats on high o’er vales and hills” in line 2 and “Beside the lake, beneath the trees” in line 5) and assonance (e.g. “beneath the trees in line 5” and “ They stretc hed in never-ending line” in line 9) and consonance (e.g. “ vales a nd hills” in line 2 ). Besides the repetition of sounds, the poet also makes his poem a strong appeal for us in language that is rhythmi cal. He arranges his poem in lines of iambic tetrameter(四步抑扬) i n the main with alternation(交替)of iambic tetrameter.( e.g. I wandered lonely as a cloudThat floats on high o’er vales and hillsWhen all at once I saw a crowdA host, of golden daffodilsBeside the lake, beneath the treesFluttering and dancing in the breeze )He slowed down the tempo in line 4 to keep in accordance with his bated breath the moment he glimpses at a host of golden daffo dils thus convey to us the poet’s intoxication in the face of nature. With all these musical devices, Wordsworth secures a songlike effe ct of his poem in addition to communicate his emotion and meanin g.An old saying goes “There are pictures in poetry and poetry in pi ctures”. It finds its most eloquent examples in most of the Chinese Tang poems that present the readers with beautiful pictures. In the poem “I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud”, the poet also seeks to expr ess his emotions by providing the sense impressions he has through imagery. He depicts(描绘)a picture in which “a host of golden daffodils (visual imagery) fluttering and dancing in the breeze” so v ividly that it appeals richly(气味浓郁芬芳地)to our senses and t o our imagination.Wordsworth, in the poem, also employs figurative(比喻的)lang uage to evoke not only the visual effect but also the emotional res ponse. (e.g. in line 1, the poet makes a comparison between “I wa ndered lonely” and “a cloud” by the use of simile, thus convey tous his lonely and melancholy(令人悲哀的,令人沮丧的)mood with the image of “cloud”. In line 7, he also amplifies the visual e ffect by the use of another simile “Continuous as the stars that shi ne…” to evoke our sense of “daffodils” with the image of “stars” t winkling on the milky way which is familiar to us all. He goes fur ther to impress us with the image of countless daffodils with an ov erstatement in line 9 “They stretched in never-ending line”). Beside s, natural things are also endowed with human being’s characters b y the poet’s subtle use of personification. (e.g. “Tossing their heads in sprightly dance” “The waves beside them danced”) therefore, as we read the poem, we become aware of the poet’s deep love towar d nature through his lovely and vivid description about natural thin gs with his figurative language.What’s more, Wordsworth goes further to communicate his emotion and meaning by his thoughtful tone. The choose of the word “lonel y” in “I wandered lonely as a cloud” instead of other words like c arefree(无忧无虑的), leisure or jolly convey to us the poet’s dep ression and disconsolateness(忧郁,沮丧)at the very beginning. But as he catches sight of daffodils stretching as far as the eyes ca n see and finds himself in the midst of nature, his loneliness turns into relaxation and joy. Thus the shift of the poet’s mood from sad我好似一朵孤独的流云,高高地飘游在山谷之上,突然我看见一大片鲜花,是金色的水仙遍地开放,它们开在湖畔,开在树下,它们随风嬉舞,随风波荡。
诗歌欣赏我如行云独自游诗歌欣赏:我如行云独自游我如行云独自游——William WordsworthI wandered lonely as a cloud 我孤独地漫游,像一朵云That floats on high over vales and hills, 在山丘和谷地上飘荡,When all at once I saw a crowd, 忽然间我看见一群A host, of golden daffodils; 金色的水仙花迎春开放,Beside the lake, beneath the trees, 在树荫下,在湖水边,Fluttering and dancing in the breeze.迎着微风起舞翩翩。
Continuous as the stars that shine 连绵不绝,如繁星灿烂,And twinkle on the milky way,在银河里闪闪发光,They stretched in never-ending line 它们沿着湖湾的边缘Along the margin of a bay: 延伸成无穷无尽的一行;Ten thousand saw I at a glance,我一眼看见了一万朵,Tossing their heads in sprightly dance.在欢舞之中起伏颠簸。
The waves beside them danced;but they 粼粼波光也在跳着舞,Out-did the sparkling waves in glee: 水仙的欢欣却胜过水波;A poet could not but be gay,与这样快活的伴侣为伍,In such a jocund company: 诗人怎能不满心欢乐!I gazed--and gazed--but little thought我久久凝望,却想象不到What wealth the show to me had brought: 这奇景赋予我多少财宝,——For oft, when on my couch I lie 每当我躺在床上不眠,In vacant or in pensive mood,或心神空茫,或默默沉思,They flash upon that inward eye 它们常在心灵中闪现,Which is the bliss of solitude; 那是孤独之中的福祉;And then my heart with pleasure fills,于是我的心便涨满幸福,And dances with the daffodils.和水仙一同翩翩起舞。
The Rainy Day 雨天
--Henry Wadsworth Longfellow 亨利.沃兹渥斯.朗费罗
The day is cold,and dark,and dreary; 天冷、阴暗、沉闷; It rains,and the wind is never weary; 下着雨,风也刮个不停; The vine still clings to the moldering wall, 藤还攀附着颓垣残壁, But at every gust the dead leaves fall, 每来一阵狂风,枯叶附落纷纷, And the day is dark and dreary. 天真是阴暗而沉闷。 My life is cold and dark and dreary; 我的生活寒冷、阴郁、沉闷; It rains and the wind is never weary; 下着雨,风也刮个不停; My though still cling to the moldering past, 我的思想还纠缠着消逝的往事, But the hopes of youth fall thick in the blast, 大风里,我的青春希望相继熄灭, And the days are dark and dreary. 天真是阴暗而沉闷。 Be still,sad heart!And cease repining; 安静吧,忧伤的心!别再悔恨; Behind the clouds is the sun still shining; 乌云后面太阳依然辉煌灿烂; Thy fate is the common fate of all, 你命运和大家的一样, Into each life some rain must fall, 每个人一生都得逢上阴雨, Some days must be dark and dreary. 有些日子必然阴暗而沉闷。 I wandered lonely as a cloud
I wandered lonely as a cloud That floats on high o'er① vales and hills, When all at once I saw a crowd, A host②, of golden daffodils; Beside the lake, beneath the trees, Fluttering and dancing in the breeze. Continuous as the stars that shine And twinkle on the milky way, They stretched in never-ending line Along the margin of a bay: Ten thousand saw I at a glance, Tossing their heads in sprightly dance. The waves beside them danced; but they Out-did the sparkling waves in glee: A poet could not but be gay, In such a jocund company: I gazed---and gazed---but little thought What wealth the show to me had brought: For oft③, when on my couch I lie In vacant or in pensive mood, They flash upon that inward eye Which is the bliss of solitude; And then my heart with pleasure fills, And dances with the daffodils. 我独自漫游像一朵浮云, 高高地漂浮在山与谷之上, 突然我看见一簇簇一群群 金色的水仙在开放: 靠湖边,在树下, 随风起舞乐开花。 它们连绵不断,像银河中的群星闪烁、眨眼, 它们展延无限成远景 沿着湖湾的边沿: 一瞥眼我看见成千上万, 它们欢快摇首舞翩翩。 近旁的波浪跳着舞;但水仙欢快的舞姿远远胜过闪光的波涛; 有这样欢快的侣伴, 诗人怎能不心花怒放? 我凝视着——凝视着——当时并未领悟 这景象给我带来的是何等财富:常常是,当我独卧榻上, 或是沉思,或是茫然,它们在我心田闪光 这是我独处时的欢乐无限;我的心就充满快乐, 着那些水仙起舞婀娜。 注: 1. o'er: over 2. host: a crowd, a large number of, a host of 3. oft: often 赏析 《我独自漫游像一朵浮云》(又译《水仙花》),创作于1804年,是英国诗歌史上最著名的杰作之一。诗人的灵感来自于妹妹多萝西的一段文字,这段文字描述了兄妹二人某次外出途中看到的水仙花群在风中起舞的景象。诗人在1807年发表了这篇作品,之后进行了修改,并于1815年重新发表,今天广为人们传诵的就是后来的版本。 这首诗充分利用了拟人、比喻等手法将大自然的美妙表现得生动逼真,似乎将读者置身于湖畔上连绵的水仙花随风舞动的风景当中。而最后两段诗人的沉吟和思考,表现了诗人享受于回味自然美景带来的精神愉悦,这也符合华兹华斯推崇的诗歌体现主观感受的理念。 总之,这首诗行文流畅,措辞简洁不拖泥带水,值得大家细细品读,我们也可以顺便体会一下英文诗歌的韵律。 这首《水仙》诗,可以分为上下两阕,每阕各两节,每节各六行,全诗用四音步抑扬格,每节诗的韵律是ababcc。诗的上阕描写“我”孤独的像一朵云,飘过青山翠谷,来到湖边,看到树荫下一簇簇金黄色的水仙花,和着微风舞翩跹。那些随风起舞的水仙,就好像银河系璀璨的群星,连绵不断,望不到边。下阕续写“我”看到这繁花起舞,湖光潋滟,情不自禁地陶醉于大自然的良辰美景之中,凝视不绝,竟至引起悠悠情思,流连忘返。突然在幽思冥想中悟到:正因为“我”孤独而居,才能够心领神会这大自然的恩赐。华兹华斯的诗采用日常生活中的事件,竭力使用人们日常语言来加以叙述和描写,同时在这些事件上加上想象的光彩,使日常的东西在不平常的状态下显现震撼心灵的力量。这首诗中,华氏摒弃了英国18世纪非常盛行的所谓“诗体词汇”,大量运用了英语中的基本词:wander,lonely,cloud,float,high,hills,saw,crowd,host,golden,lake,tree,dancing,breeze,continuous,stars,shine,twinkle,the Milky Way等等,也不用华丽的辞藻,复杂的句式来点缀他的诗行,像“They stretched in never-ending line/ Along the margin of a bay.”这样的句子广布诗行之间,使诗更贴近于人们真实的生活,这才是最好的语言。“而最好的语言本来就 是从这些最好的外界东西得来的;因为他们在社会上处于那样的地位,他们的交际范围狭小而又没有变化,很少受到社会上的虚荣心的影响,他们表达情感和思想都很单纯而不矫揉造作。因此,这样的语言从屡次的经验和正常的情感产生出来,比起一般诗人通常用来代替它的语言,是更永久、更富有哲学意味的。” 这首诗更集中反映了诗人孤独的心理和善于哲思的精神。华兹华斯8岁丧母,13岁丧父,寄宿学校,长期与兄弟姐妹们分开生活,童年缺少的亲情却幸运的在家乡附近的湖区的自然风光中得到了补偿。他对大自然有着非常虔诚的爱,把大自然看成是自己的精神家园,将自己的道德情感与大自然的外在美景紧密的联系在一起。他的个人性格就是孤独而敏感,正如苏文箐分析指出:“华兹华斯从小就能察人所不察,感人所未感。能给最平凡、最普通的情景,动作或形象以特殊耀眼的光泽,把平常的事物表现得出奇。华兹华斯敏感的另一面不是‘疯狂’而是孤独,使他在创作中更倾向于沉思而不是激情,他的诗中不仅出现一个‘孤独的自我’,而且都带上了浓厚的哲理色彩”。所以,诗中的“我”是一位孤独的沉思者
华兹华斯是英国文学史上最重要的诗人之一,也是英国浪漫主义运动中最伟大和最有影响的诗人。他的作品一扫古典主义雅致雕饰的诗风,强调“一切好诗都是强烈感情的自然流露”,以其纯朴清新的语言摇写大自然中的景物和人物以及人们的生活。抒发其感受和沉思,开创了探索和挖掘 它摆脱了多数十八世纪诗人所恪守的简洁、典雅、机智、明晰等古典主义创作原则,在形式上屏弃了在蒲柏手中达到登峰造极地步并垄断了当时诗坛的英雄双韵体;而在内容上,则以平民百姓日常使用的语言描绘和歌颂大自然的景色和处身于大自然中人们的生活(尤其是遭到不幸和贫苦无告者的境遇),抒发诗人的感受和沉思,开创了探索和发掘人的内心世界的现代诗风。所有这些,使这本诗集成为英国文学史中承上启下,开一代诗风的作品。 这首诗写于诗人从法国回来不久。诗人带着对自由的向往去了法国,参加一些革命活动。但法国革命没有带来预期的结果,随之而来的是混乱。诗人的失望和受的打击是可想而知的,后来在他的朋友和妹妹的帮助下,情绪才得以艰难地恢复。这首诗就写于诗人的心情平静之后不久。
在诗的开头,诗人将自己比喻为一朵孤独的流云,孤单地在高高的天空飘荡。孤傲的诗人发现一大片金色的水仙,它们欢快地遍地开放。在诗人的心中,水仙已经不是一种植物了,而是一种象征,代表了一种灵魂,代表了一种精神。
水仙很多,如天上的星星,都在闪烁。水仙似乎是动的,沿着弯屈的海岸线向前方伸展。诗人为有这样的旅伴而欢欣鼓舞、欢呼跳跃。在诗人的心中,水仙代表了自然的精华,是自然心灵的美妙表现。但是,欢快的水仙并不能时时伴在诗人的身边,诗人离开了水仙,心中不时冒出忧郁孤寂的情绪。这时诗人写出了一种对社会、世界的感受:那高傲、纯洁的灵魂在现实的世界只能郁郁寡欢。当然,诗人的脑海深处会不时浮现水仙那美妙的景象,这时的诗人双情绪振奋,欢欣鼓舞。
诗歌的基调是浪漫的,同时带着浓烈的象征主义色彩。可以说,诗人的一生只在