主题辞表English Chinese1.大气atmospheric science 大气科学 meteorology 气象学theoretical meteorology 理论气象学mesometeorology 中尺度气象学micrometeorology 微气象学physical meteorology 物理气象学atmosphere 大气evolution of atmosphere 大气演化atmospheric impurity 大气杂质atmospheric suspended matter大气悬浮物 atmospheric diffusion 大气扩散atmospheric composition 大气成分atmospheric ion 大气离子 atmospheric mass 大气质量air quality 大气品位 atmospheric density 大气密度 atmospheric subdivision 大气分层homosphere 均质层heterosphere 非均质层homopause 均质层顶 significantlevel 特色层 standard [pressure]level 标准层 isothermal layer 等温层lower atmosphere 低层大气middle atmosphere 中层大气 upper atmosphere 高层大气 troposphere 对流层tropopause 对流层顶stratosphere 平流层stratopause 平流层顶mesosphere 中间层mesopause 中间层顶thermosphere 热层exosphere 外 [ 逸] 层ionosphere 电离层magnetosphere 磁层magnetopause磁层顶chemosphere 光化层chemopause 光化层顶ozonosphere 臭氧层free atmosphere 自由大气planetary atmosphere行星大气standard atmosphere(reference atmosphere) 标准大气（参照大气）homogeneous atmosphere均质大气 isothermal atmosphere 等温大气 polytropic atmosphere 多元大气scale height 大气标高meteorological element 气象因素air temperature 气温wet-bulb temperature 湿球温度dry-bulb temperature 干球温度temperature profile 温度廓线atmospheric pressure气压standard atmosphere pressure标准大气压 station pressure 本站气压sea-level pressure海平面气压pressure gradient 气压梯度barometric height formula 压高公式pressure gradient force 气压梯度力Coriolis force 科里奥利力water vapor 水 [蒸] 汽transfer of water vapor 水汽输送 water vapor profile 水汽廓线water vapor pressure 水汽压humidity 湿度relative humidity 相对湿度absolute humidity 绝对湿度specific humidity 比湿mixing ratio 混杂比dew point [temperature] 露点 (温度 ) depression of the dew point （温度）露点差 super-saturated air 过饱和空气saturation specific humidity 饱和比湿saturation vapor pressure饱和水汽压psychrometric formula 测湿公式 saturation deficit 饱和差international cloud atlas 国际云图cloud 云low cloud 低云middle cloud 中云high cloud 高云cloud base 云底cloud top 云顶cloud ceiling 云幂cloud amount 云量total cloud cover 总云量cloud with vertical development 直展云cloud height 云高cloud genera 云属cloud etage 云族cloud species 云种cloud variety 云类cloud form 云状cirrus, Ci 卷云cirrus fibratus, Ci fib 毛卷云cirrus spissatus, Ci spi 密卷云cirrus uncinus, Ci unc 钩卷云cirrostratus, Cs 卷层云cirrostratus fibratus, Cs fib 毛卷层云cirrostratus nebulosus, Cs neb薄幕卷层云cirrocumulus, Cc 卷积云altocumulus, Ac 高积云altocumulus translucidus, Ac tr 透光高积云altocumulus opacus, Ac op 蔽光高积云altocumulus lenticularis, Ac len 荚状高积云altocumulus cumulogenitus, Ac cug 积云性高积云altocumulus floccus 絮状高积云altocumulus castellanus, Ac cas堡状高积云 altostratus, As 高层云altostratus translucidus, As tr 透光高层云 altostratus opacus, As op蔽光高层云cumulus, Cu 积云cumulus humilis, Cu hum 淡积云cumulus mediocris, Cu med 中展积云cumulus fractus, Cu fra 碎积云cumulus congestus, Cu con浓积云cumulonimbus, Cb 积雨云cumulonimbus calvus, Cb cal 秃积雨云cumulonimbus capillatus, Cb cap 鬃积雨云stratocumulus, Sc 层积云stratocumulus translucidus, Sc tr 透光层积云stratocumulus opacus, Sc op蔽光层积云stratocumulus cumulogenitus, Sc cug 积云性层积云stratocumulus castellanus, Sc cas堡状层积云stratocumulus lenticularis, Sc len 荚状层积云 stratus, St 层云stratus fractus, St fra 碎层云 nimbostratus, Ns 雨层云stratiform cloud 层状云cumuliform cloud 积状云fracto-nimbus,Fn 碎雨云chaotic sky 纷杂天空cold cloud 冷云warm cloud 暖云ice cloud 冰云water cloud 水云hail cloud [ 冰]雹云wind 风wind direction 风向wind speed, wind velocity 风速maximum wind speed 最狂风速extreme wind speed 极狂风速wind speed profile 风速廓线horizontal wind vector 水平风矢量wind force 风力wind force scale 风级Beaufort [wind] scale 蒲福风级calm 0 级风light air 1 级风light breeze 2级风gentle breeze 3级风moderate breeze 4级风fresh breeze 5级风strong breeze 6级风near gale 7级风gale 8 级风strong gale 9级风storm 10 级风violent storm 11 级风hurricane 12级风gust 阵风local wind 地方性风surface wind 地面风foehn 焚风mountain-valley breeze 山谷风sea-land breeze海陆风on-shore wind 向岸风off-shore wind 离岸风gorge wind 峡谷风slope wind 坡风glacier breeze 冰川风drainage wind 流泄风visibility能见度effective visibility 有效能见度visual range of light 灯光能见距离surface visibility 地面能见度horizontal visibility 水平能见度vertical visibility 垂直能见度 slant visibility 倾斜能见度 meteor 大气现象weather phenomenon 天气现象clear sky 晴日partly cloudy 少云cloudy 多云overcast 阴天blue of the sky 天空蓝度 apparentform of the sky 天穹形状 state of ground 地面状态sky condition 天空状况precipitation 降水amount of precipitation 降水量precipitation intensity 降水强度 showery precipitation 阵性降水 convective precipitation 对流性降水 non-convective precipitation 非对流性降水 orographic precipitation 地形降水rain 雨rain virga 雨幡rain drop 雨滴rain shadow 雨影glaze 雨凇rain day 雨日rainfall [amount] 雨量continuous precipitation 连续性降水intermittent precipitation 间歇性降水showery rain 阵雨freezing rain 冻雨drizzle 毛毛雨light rain 毛毛雨moderate rain 中雨heavy rain 大雨torrential rain 暴雨local precipitation 地方性降水orographic rain 地形雨storm 风暴sandstorm, duststorm 沙 [尘]暴 hail storm 雹暴 haze 霾haze aloft 高空霾dust 浮尘blowing sand 高吹沙drifting sand 低吹沙dew 露frost 霜frost point 霜点first frost 初霜latest frost 终霜tornado 龙卷dust devil 尘卷风squall 飑snow 雪snow virga 雪幡sleet 雨夹雪showery snow 阵雪snow crystal 雪晶snowflake 雪花snow grains 米雪snowstorm 雪暴driven snow 吹雪drifting snow 低吹雪blowing snow 高吹雪snow cover 积雪snowfall [amount] 雪量snow depth 雪深snow day 雪日icing 积冰wire icing 电线积冰hail 冰雹hailstone 雹块ice pellet 冰丸thunder 雷thunderstorm 雷暴thunder shower 雷阵雨orographic thunderstorm 地形雷暴 thunderstorm cell 雷暴单体atmospherics 天电 lightning 闪电lightning channel 闪电通道forked lightning 叉状闪电sheet lightning 片状闪电ball lightning 球状闪电streak lightning 条状闪电 pearl-necklace lightning 串珠状闪电 fog雾mist 轻雾wet fog 湿雾sea fog 海雾ice fog 冰雾frontal fog 锋面雾advection fog 平流雾radiation fog 辐射雾 advection-radiation fog 平流辐射雾 mixingfog 混杂雾evaporation fog 蒸发雾supercooled fog 过冷却雾ground fog 地面雾upslope fog 上坡雾air-mass fog 气团雾tropical air fog 热带气团雾rime 雾凇graupel 霰percentage of sunshine日照百分率sunshine duration 日照时数duration of possible sunshine 可照时数2.大气探测atmospheric sounding and observing大气探测 meteorological observation 气象察看synoptic observation 天气察看 synoptic hour 天气察看时间principal synoptic observation 基本天气察看intermediate synoptic observation 辅助天气察看surface observation 地面察看 visual observation 目测background pollution observation 本底污染察看field observation 外场察看 conventional observation 常例察看 non-conventional observation 特别规察看 ship observation船舶察看fixed point observation 定点察看space-based observation空基察看ground-based observation地基察看 mountain observation 山地察看sounding 探空upper air observation 高空察看auxiliary ship observation, ASO 辅助船舶察看aircraft sounding 飞机探测rocket sounding 火箭探测radio sounding 无线电探空captive balloon sounding 系留气球探测pilot balloon observation 测风气球察看radiowind observation 无线电测风察看standard time of observation 标准察看时间 actual time of observation 实质察看时间 observational frequency 察看次数observational error 察看偏差supplementary observation 增补察看autographic records 自记记录surface data 地面资料upper air data 高空资料barometer level 气压表高度pressure reduction 气压换算barometric correction 气压校订international synoptic code 国际 [天气 ] 电码network of meteorological station 气象台站网observation site 察看场meteorological platform 气象察看平台ocean weather station 海洋气象站fixed ship station 固定船舶站mobile ship station 挪动船舶站mountain observation station 顶峰 [观 ]测站automatic meteorological station 自动气象站meteorological instrument 气象仪器screen,instrument shelter百叶箱thermometer 温度表telethermometer 遥测温度表 thermograph 温度计geothermometer 地温表surface geothermometer地面温度表angle geothermometer 曲管地温表tube-typed geothermometer 直管地温表 grass thermometer 草温表maximum thermometer 最高温度表minimum thermometer 最低温度表mercury thermometer 水银温度表Lyman-α hygrometer莱曼 -α湿度表bimetallic thermograph 双金属片温度计barograph 气压计aneroid barograph 空盒气压计mountain barograph 顶峰气压计 barometer 气压表aneroid barometer 空盒气压表ship-barometer 船用气压表mountain barometer 顶峰气压表pressure altimeter 气压测高表normal barometer 标准气压表national standard barometer国家标准气压表 regional standard barometer地域标准气压表 absolute standard barometer绝对标准气压表 microbarograph 微压计 mercury barometer 水银气压表Fortin barometer 福丁气压表Kew pattern barometer 寇乌气压表hygrograph 湿度计hygrometer 湿度表psychrometer 干湿表aspirated psychrometer 通风干湿表standard aspirated psychrometer 标准通风干湿表whirling psychrometer, sling psychrometer 手摇干湿表Assmann psychrometer 阿斯曼干湿表 dew-point hygrometer 露点湿度表hair hygrometer 毛发湿度表 hairhygrograph 毛发湿度计black and white bulb thermometer 黑白球温度表barothermograph 气压温度计 dry-bulb thermometer 干球温度表wet-bulb thermometer 湿球温度表sunshine recorder 日照计Jordan sunshine recorder乔唐日照计Campbell-Stokes sunshine recorder 康培尔 -司托克日照计pyrheliometer 直接辐射表pyranometer 总辐射表sky radiometer diffusometer 天空辐射表albedometer 反照率表pyranometer 净辐射表pilot-balloon plotting board 测风绘图板hail-rain separator 雹雨分别器evaporograph 蒸发计evaporation pan 小型蒸发器evaporation tank 大型蒸发器 standard pan 标准蒸发器ceiling projector 云幂灯visibility meter,visiometer 能见度表raingauge 雨量器pluviograph,recording raingauge 雨量计accumulative raingauge 累计雨量器tilting bucket raingauge 翻斗 [ 式]雨量计electric conductivity raingauge 水导 [式 ]雨量计siphon rainfall recorder 虹吸 [ 式]雨量计rainfall intensity recorder 雨强计telemetering pluviograph 遥测雨量计wind vane 风向标anemometer 风速表contact anemometer 电接风速表cup anemometer 转杯风速表propeller anemometer 螺旋桨 [式] 风速表anemorumbometer 风向风速表hot-wire anemometer 热线风速表strong wind anemograph 强风仪navaid wind-finding 导航测风laser ceilometer 激光云幂仪 anemograph 风速计radio theodolite 无线电经纬仪aerological theodolite 测风经纬仪radiosonde 无线电探空仪dropsonde 下投式探空仪constant level balloon 定高气球ultrasonic anemometer 超声测风仪ceiling balloon 云幂气球meteorological aircraft 气象飞机snow scale,snow depth scale量雪尺weighting snow-gauge 称雪器drosometer, dewgauge测露表frozen soil apparatus 冻土器sonde 探空仪profiler 廓线仪meteorological rocket 气象火箭sounding rocket 探空火箭weather radar 天气雷达meteorological radar 气象雷达lidar 激光雷达sodar, acoustic radar声[ 雷]达Doppler radar 多普勒天气雷达incoherent radar 非相关雷达radar network composite 雷达组网 radar sounding 雷达探空windfinding radar 测风雷达Doppler sodar 多普勒声达Doppler lidar 多普勒激光雷达MST radar MST 雷达UHF Doppler radar 超高频雷达VHF radar 甚高频雷达coherent memory filter,CMF 相关储蓄滤波器radar rainfall integrator 雷达雨量积分器 range velocity display, RVD 距离速度显示 velocity azimuth display, VAD 速度方向显示 constant altitude plan position indicator, CAPPI 等高平面地点显示器plan postion indicator, PPI 平面地点显示器plan shear indicator, PSI 平面切变显示器velocity azimuth range display, VARD 速度方位距离显示radarsonde 雷达测风仪atmospheric remote sensing大气遥感 inverse technique 反演法temperature retrieval 温度反演inversion of satellite sounding 卫星探测反演meteorological satellite 气象卫星NIMBUS雨云卫星NOAA 诺阿卫星polar-orbiting meteorological satellite 极轨气象卫星TIROS 泰罗斯卫星TIROS-N 泰罗斯 -N 卫星ESSA 艾萨卫星ITOS 艾托斯卫星geostationary meteorological satellite,GMS 地球静止气象卫星meteorological satellite ground station 气象卫星地面站microwave radiometer 微波辐射仪high resolution interferometric sounder 高分辨[ 率] 干涉探测器high resolution infrared radiation sounder, HRIRS 高分辨 [率 ]红外辐射探测器scanning radiometer, SR 扫描辐射仪very high resolution radiometer, VHRR 甚高分辨率辐射仪vertical temperature profile radiometer 温度垂直廓线辐射仪data collection platform, DCP 资料采集平台automatic picture transmission, APT 自动图象传输high resolution picture transmission, HRPT 高分辨[率]图象传输high resolution facsimile, HR-FAX 高分辨率[云图 ]传真low resolution facsimile, LR-FAX 低分辨率 [云图]传真delay picture transmission, DPT 延时图象传输 direct read-out ground station 直读式地面站 weather facsimile, WEFAX 天气图传真synoptic data 天气资料non-synoptic data 非天气资料real time data 及时资料 non-real time data 非及时资料stretched data 时展资料 sub-satellite point [卫星 ] 星下点temporal resolution 时间分辨率spatial resolution 空间分辨率full resolution 全分辨率radiation transfer equation 辐射传输方程atmospheric transmission model 大气传输模式3.大气物理学atmospheric physics 大气物理 [ 学]cloud physics 云物理学precipitation physics 降水物理学cloud dynamics 云动力学middle atmospheric physics 中层大气物理学 aeronomy 高空大气学aerology 高空气象学radio meteorology 无线电气象学boundary layer meteorology 界限层气象学 boundary layer climate 界限层天气atmospheric boundary layer 大气界限层air-sea interface 海气界面air-sea exchange海气交换tracer diffusion experiment 示踪扩散实验surface layer 近地层surface roughness地面粗糙度 atmospheric duct 大气波导advection 平流 convection 对流free convection 自由对流forced convection 逼迫对流convection cell 对流单体Benard cell 贝纳胞Benard convection 贝纳对流convection model 对流模式updraught 上曳气流downdraught 下曳气流transitional flow 过渡气流dry deposition 干沉降wet deposition 湿沉降aerosol 气溶胶aerosol particle size distribution 气溶胶粒子谱aqueous aerosol湿气溶胶stratospheric aerosol 平流层气溶胶 hail generation zone 冰雹生成区 conical hail 锥形冰雹 hailembryo 雹核hail lobe 雹瓣hail pellet 雹粒cumulonimbus model 积雨云模式condensation process凝固过程cloud condensation nuclei, CCN 云凝固核 artificial nucleation 人工成核作用 cloud top temperature 云顶温度 ice-watermixed cloud 冰水混杂云 cloud structure云结构cloud particle sampler 云滴采样器cloud droplet-size distribution 云滴谱cloud droplet collector 云滴谱仪raindrop size distribution 雨滴谱drop-size distribution parameter 滴谱参数disdrometer, raindrop disdrometer 雨滴谱仪fog-drop 雾滴cloud droplet 云滴supercooled cloud droplet 过冷云滴 drop spectrum 滴谱collision 碰撞coagulation 碰并ice crystal 冰晶ice needle 冰针ice nucleus 冰核ice point 冰点condensation 凝固evaporation 蒸发potential evaporation 暗藏蒸发 solidification 凝固deposition 凝华 sublimation 升华 freezing 冻结freezing nucleus 冻结核condensation nucleus凝固核 salt nucleus 盐核 cloudchamber 云室combustion nucleus 燃烧核deposition nucleus 凝华核weather modification 人工影响天气target area 目标区cloud dissipation 消云salt-seeding 盐粉播撒frost prevention 防霜cloud seeding 播云cloud seeding agent 播云剂artificial precipitation 人工降水hail suppression 防雹fog dissipation 消雾dynamic cloud seeding 动力播云radar meteorology 雷达气象学meteorological radar equation 气象雷达方程radar meteorological observation 雷达气象察看radar reflectivity factor 雷达反射率因子radar equivalent reflectivity factor 雷达等效反射率因子weather echo 天气回波 cloudecho 云回波 echo wall 回波墙superrefraction echo 超折射回波 second trip echo 二次回波incoherent echo 非相关回波coherent echo 相关回波 groundecho 地物回波clear air echo 晴空回波convective echo 对流回波whirling echo 涡旋状回波spiral rain-band echo 螺旋雨带回波 layered echo 层状回波 bandedecho 带状回波hook echo 钩状回波weak echo vault 弱回波穹窿precipitation echo 降水回波angel echo 异常回波elevated echo 雨幡回波cell echo 单体回波supercell 超级单体multiple-cell echo 多单体回波echo complex 回波复合体cloud top height, CTH 云顶高度echo depth 回波厚度echo character 回波特色 echoanalysis 回波剖析 echo distortion 回波畸变 radar reflectivity 雷达反射率superrefraction 超折射 negativerefraction 负折射 troposphericrefraction 对流层折射 beam fillingcoefficient 波束充塞系数 range bin 距离库range averaging 距离均匀 azimuth averaging 方向均匀 range resolution距离分辨率 azimuth resolution 方向角分辨率 number of range samples距离采样数 coherent-video signal 相关视频信号 quantized signal 量化信号 depolarization ratio 退偏振比rotation band 转动谱带Doppler velocity 多普勒速度range ambiguity 距离模糊maximum unambiguous range 最大不模糊距离 velocity ambiguity 速度模糊 realtime display 及时显示pattern recognition technique 图形鉴别技术tracking radar echoes by correlation,TREC 雷达回波相关追踪法thunderstorm monitoring 雷暴监测gray scale 灰 [色标 ]度cloud attenuation 云衰减precipitation attenuation 降水衰减range attenuation 距离衰减 echo synthetic chart 回波综合图 iso-echo contour 等回波线normalized echo intensity 归一化回波强度isolated cell 孤立单体weak cell 弱单体satellite meteorology 卫星气象学satellite sounding 卫星探测cloud cluster 云团satellite cloud picture 卫星云图sectorized cloud picture 分区云图 picture mosaic 拼图image processing 图象办理 distortion correction 畸变校订 infrared cloud picture 红外云图 visible cloud picture可见光云图 nulti-spectral image, MSI多波段图象 microwave image 微波图象image resolution 图象分辨率 digitized cloud map 数字化云图 enhancedcloud picture 加强云图 false-colorcloud picture 假彩色云图 pseudo-color cloud picture 伪彩色云图 full-disc cloud picture 全景圆盘云图nephanalysis 云[ 层]剖析图 brightness temperature亮度温度 cloud coverage云覆盖区 cloud street 云街cloud line 云线spiral cloud band 螺旋云带monsoon cloud cluster 季风云团 tropical cloud cluster 热带云团 squall cloud 飑线云shield cloud 盾状云open [cloud] cells 张口型细胞状云close [cloud] cells 封闭型细胞状云cellular pattern 细胞状云 cloudsystem 云系comma cloud system 逗点云系banded cloud system 带状云系vortex cloud system 涡旋云系 jetstream cloud system 急流云系satellite derived wind 卫星云迹风satellite cloud picture analysis 卫星云图剖析 limb scanning method 临边扫描法limb retrieval 临边反演occultation method 掩星法backscatter ultraviolet technique 紫外辐射后向散射法linear inversion 线性反演 watervapor retrieval 水汽反演humidity retrieval 湿度反演 limbbrightening 临边增亮 limbdarkening 临边变暗sun glint 日照亮斑 atmosphericradiation 大气辐射 solar radiation太阳辐射 solar constant 太阳常数monochromatic radiation 单色辐射outgoing long-wave radiation, OLR 向外长波辐射visible light 可见光 radiationbalance 辐射均衡 globalradiation 总辐射 directradiation 直接辐射 effectiveradiation 有效辐射scattered radiation 散射辐射 diffuse radiation 漫射辐射 sky radiation 天空辐射upward [tatal] radiation 向上 [ 全 ]辐射downward [total] radiation 向下 [全] 辐射incoming radiation 入射辐射equivalent clear column radiance 等效晴空辐射率atmospheric transmissivity 大气透射率Van Allen radiation belt 范艾伦辐射带albedo of the earth-atmosphere system 地气系统反照率albedo of underlying surface 下垫面反照率earth radiation belt 地球辐射带nocturnal radiation 夜间辐射atmospheric counter radiation 大气逆辐射radiance 辐射率irradiation 辐照irradiance 辐照度reflected radiation 反射辐射albedo 反照率band model 带模式statistical band model 统计带模式regular band model 规则带模式random Elsasser band model 随机爱尔沙色带模式strong-line approximation 强线近似weak-line approximation 弱线近似planetary temperature 行星温度atmospheric attenuation 大气衰减atmospheric absorption 大气汲取atmospheric window 大气窗[atmospheric] absorptivity [大气 ]汲取率 non-scattering atmosphere无散射大气 extinction coefficient 消光系数atmospheric radioactivity 大气放射性atmospheric optics 大气光学atmospheric optical spectrum 大气光谱atmospheric refraction 大气折射atmospheric optical mass 大气光学质量 primary scattering 一次散射Mie scattering 米散射multiple scattering 多次散射Rayleigh scattering 瑞利散射volume scattering function 体散射函数forward scattering 前向散射backscattering 后向散射scattering cross-section散射截面backscattering cross-section后向散射截面 one-way attenuation 单程衰减two-way attenuation 双程衰减scattering coefficient 散射系数attenuation coefficient 衰减系数attenuation cross-section衰减截面 absorption cross-section 汲取截面 atmospheric polarization 大气偏振 night-sky light 夜天光sky brightness, sky luminance 天空亮度atmospheric optical thickness, atmospheric optical depth 大气光学厚度[atmospheric] transparency 大[气 ] 透明度atmospheric optical phenomena大气光学现象 atmospheric turbidity 大气浑浊度turbidity factor 浑浊因子mirage 蜃景twilight曙暮光aurora australis 南极光aurora borealis 北极光anthelion 反日parhelion 假日paraselene 假月46°halo 46 度晕22°halo 22 度晕solar halo 日晕lunar halo 月晕solar corona 日华lunar corona 月华rainbow 虹secondary rainbow 霓halo 晕corona 华twilight colors霞airglow 气辉aurora 极光glory 宝光 [ 环]atmospheric electricity 大气电学fair weather electric field 晴日电场air discharge 空中放电cloud-to-cloud discharge, intercloud discharge 云标放电cloud discharge 云放电cloud-to-ground discharge 云地 [间] 放电ionospheric storm 电离层暴ionospheric sudden disturbance电离层突扰magnetic storm 磁暴atmospheric electric conductivity 大气电导率atmospheric acoustics 大气声学acoustic sounding 声学探测4.大气化学atmospheric chemistry 大气化学atmospheric photochemistry 大气光化学 atmospheric photolysis 大气光解作用 atmospheric ozone 大气臭氧atmospheric trace gas大气痕量气体photochemical reaction 光化反响photochemical smog 光化烟雾precipitation chemistry 降水化学threshold temperature of ice nucleation 成冰阈温5.动力气象学dynamic meteorology 动力气象学atmospheric thermodynamics 大气热力学sensible heat 感热latent heat 潜热reversible adiabatic process可逆绝热过程irreversible adiabatic process 不能够逆绝热过程 moisture inversion 逆湿thermodynamic equation 热力学方程 temperature inversion 逆温turbulence inversion 湍流逆温surface inversion 地面逆温 radiation inversion 辐射逆温 cappinginversion 覆盖逆温 subsidenceinversion 下沉逆温 frontal inversion锋面逆温 inversion layer 逆温层isentropic chart 等熵面图tephigram 温熵图T-ln p diagram 温度 -对数压力争temperature gradient 温度梯度temperature advection 温度平流adiabatic ascending 绝热上涨adiabatic sinking 绝热下沉adiabatic cooling 绝热冷却adiabatic heating 绝热增温pseudo-adiabatic process假绝热过程diabatic process 非绝热过程convective condensation level, CCL 对流凝固高度mixing condensation level 混杂凝固高度temperature lapse rate气温直减率dry adiabatic lapse rate 干绝热直减率moist adiabatic lapse rate湿绝热直减率 condensation level, CL 凝固高度condensation efficiency 凝固效率thermal stratification 热力层结equivalent temperature 相当温度virtual temperature 虚温dry adiabatic process 干绝热过程moist adiabatic process 湿绝热过程adiabatic diagram 绝热图 pseudo-adiabatic diagram 假绝热图pseudo-adiabatic lapse rate假绝热直减率potential temperature 位温 pseudo-equivalent potential temperature 假相当位温wet-bulb potential temperature 湿球位温 wet-bulb pseudo potential temperature 假湿球位温wet-bulb pseudo-temperature 假湿球温度 atmospheric dynamics 大气动力学equation of motion 运动方程 continuity equation 连续方程 equation of state 状态方程vorticity equation 涡度方程divergence equation 散度方程hydrostatic equation 流体静力方程ω-equation 方ω程 perturbationequation 扰动方程 thermal windequation 热成风方程moisture [conservation] equation 水汽守恒方程 advective equation 平流方程balance equation 均衡方程 baroclinic process 斜压过程 Reynolds stress 雷诺应力meteorological wind tunnel 气象风洞equivalent barotropic atmosphere 相当正压大气hydrostatic adjustment process静力适应过程geostrophic adjustment 地转适应available potential energy 有效位能enstrophy 涡动拟能geopotential meter 位势米geopotential height 位势高度inertial instability惯性不坚固free convection level 自由对流高度[atmospheric] stability [ 大气 ]坚固度[atmospheric] instability [ 大气 ]不坚固度 static stability 静力坚固度index of stability 坚固度指数absolute stability 绝对坚固absolute instability 绝对不坚固neutral stability 中性坚固conditional instability 条件 [ 性]不坚固inertial stability 惯性坚固度convective instability 对流不坚固convective stability 对流 [性 ] 坚固度atmospheric disturbance 大气扰动 nonlinear instability 非线性不坚固 [性] conditional instability of the second kind, CISK第二类条件 [ 性]不坚固shearing instability 切变不坚固barotropic instability 正压不坚固baroclinic instability 斜压不坚固latent instability 暗藏不坚固conservation of potential vorticity 位涡守恒tendency equation 偏向方程z-coordinate z坐标 p-coordinate p坐标σ-coordinate 坐σ标θ-coordinate 位温坐标 hybridcoordinate 混杂坐标convergence 辐合divergence 辐散divergence 散度horizontal divergence 水平散度steering flow 指引气流 vorticity涡度relative vorticity 相对涡度absolute vorticity 绝对涡度planetary vorticity 行星涡度β-plane β面平conservation of absolute vorticity 绝对涡度守恒geostrophic vorticity 地转涡度cyclonic vorticity气旋性涡度anticyclonic vorticity反气旋涡度shearing vorticity 切变涡度curvature vorticity 曲率涡度potential vorticity 位势涡度eddy conductivity 涡动传导率eddy viscosity 涡动粘滞率friction velocity摩擦速度eddy shearing stress涡动切应力atmospheric wave 大气颠簸adjustment of longwave 长波调整inertia wave 惯性波baroclinic wave 斜压波barotropic wave 正压波gravity wave 重力波inertia-gravity wave 惯性重力波internal gravity wave 重力内波external gravity wave 重力外波gravity wave drag 重力波拖曳drag coefficient 拖曳系数orographic drag 地形拖曳orographic wave 地形波lee wave 背风波Helmholtz wave 赫姆霍兹波Kelvin wave 开尔文波 Lambwave 兰姆波 Rossby wave罗斯贝波 stationary wave 定常波 transient wave 瞬变波solitary wave 孤立波progressive wave 行进波retrograde wave 退后波shearing wave 切变波mixed Rossby-gravity wave 混杂罗斯贝重力波ultra-long wave 超长波atmospheric noise 大气噪声Prandtl number 普朗特数Rayleigh number 瑞利数Reynolds number 雷诺数Richardson number 里查森数 Froude number 弗劳德数Rossby number 罗斯贝数rotating dishpan experiment 转盘实验 Hadley regime 哈得来域Rossby regime 罗斯贝域mixing layer 混杂层 non-divergence level 无辐散层cyclostrophic wind 旋衡风gradient wind 梯度风countergradient wind 反梯度风subgradient wind 次梯度风supergradient wind 超梯度风thermal wind 热成风 veeringwind 顺转风 backing wind 逆转风wind shear 风切变geostrophic wind 地转风antitriptic wind 摩擦风subgeostrophic wind 次地转风supergeostrophic wind 超地转风 ageostrophic wind 非地转风isallobaric wind 变压风 jetstream 急流northern branch jet stream 北支急流 southern branch jet stream南支急流 basic flow 基本气流subtropical jet stream 副热带急流 axis of jet stream 急流轴streamline 流线westerly jet 西风急流convective cloud 对流云deep convection 深对流shallow convection 浅对流line convection 线对流Ekman flow 埃克曼流 thermalconvection 热对流 moistconvection 湿对流 cumulusconvection 积云对流mesoscale convective system, MCS中尺度对流系统warm advection 暖平流cold advection 冷平流upward flow 上涨气流downward flow 下沉气流convective adjustment 对流调整convective parameterization 对流参数化mesoscale convective complex, MCC 中尺度对流复合体geostrophic motion 地转运动 quasi-geostrophic motion 准地转运动semi-geostrophic motion 半地转运动ageostrophic motion 非地转运动irrotational motion 无旋运动nondivergent motion 无辐散运动baroclinic atmosphere 斜压大气barotropic atmosphere 正压大气baroclinic mode 斜压模态 barotropicmode 正压模态normal mode 正规模态 Ekmanlayer 埃克曼层 Ekman spiral 埃克曼螺线 atmospheric circulation大气环流 meridional circulation经向环流zonal circulation 纬向环流chaos 混沌Hadley cell 哈得来环流numerical weather prediction, NWP 数值天气Walker cell 沃克环流预告direct circulation直接环流model output statistic prediction, MOS indirect circulation 间接环流 [ 圈]prediction 模式输出统计预告trade-wind circulation信风环流equivalent barotropic model 相当正压模式circulation cell 环流圈quasi-geostrophic model 准地转模式local circulation 局地环流filtered model 过滤模式three-cell [meridional] circulation 三圈经向环adiabatic model 绝热模式流primitive equation model 原始方程模式circulation index环流指数mesoscale model 中尺度模式high index高指数scaling 尺度剖析low index低指数synoptic scale 天气尺度index cycle 指数循环planetary scale 行星尺度circulation theorem 环流定理meso scale 中尺度Kelvin's theorem of circulation 开尔文环流定meso-α scale 中尺α度理meso-β scale 中尺β度Bjerknes circulation theorem 皮叶克尼斯环流meso-γ scale 中尺γ度定理spectral model 谱模式cross-equatorial flow 越赤道气流movable fine-mesh model 可挪动细网格模式adjustment of circulation 环流调整semi-implicit scheme 半隐式格式mesospheric circulation 中间层环流conservation scheme守恒格式large-scale circulation 大尺度环流finite difference model 差分模式atmospheric center of action 大气活动中心upstream scheme迎风差格式stratospheric sudden warming 平流层迸发 [ 性]computational instability 线性计算不坚固增温perturbation method 小扰动法atmospheric turbulence 大气湍流energy cascade能量串级eddy 涡旋objective analysis 客观剖析flux通量physical mode 物理模 [态]turbulent flux 湍流通量computational mode 计算模 [ 态 ]isotropic turbulence 各向同性湍流model resolution 模式分辨率mixing length 混杂长skill score 技巧分K theory of turbulence湍流subgrid scale parameterization 次网格尺度参数[WTHZ]K[WT][HT5H]理论化Prandtl mixing-length theory 普朗特混杂长理normal mode initialization 正规模 [态 ]初值化论dynamic initialization 动力初值化turbulent boundary layer 湍流界限层static initialization 静力初值化laminar boundary layer 层流界限层four-dimensional data assimilation 四维资料同turbulence spectrum 湍流谱化turbulence energy 湍流能量rigid boundary condition 刚体界限条件turbulent exchange 湍流交换spongy boundary condition 海绵界限条件turbulent diffusion 湍流扩散first guess 初估值Eliassen-Palm flux EP通量time smoothing 时间圆滑lateral mixing 侧向混杂space smoothing 空间圆滑。
Like a fish in the ocean, man is confined to a very shallow layer of atmosphere。
The gaseous envelope of the Earth is physically inhomogeneous in both the vertical and horizontal directions, although the horizontal inhomogeneity is much less marked than the vertical inhomogeneity.Various criteria have been devised for dividing the atmosphere into layers. This division can be based on the nature of the vertical temperature profile, on the gaseous composition of the air at different altitudes，and the effect of the atmosphere on aircraft at different altitudes, etc。
The division based on the variation of the air temperature with altitude is used most commonly in the meteorological literature。
According to a publication of the agrological commission of the World Meteorological Organization （WMO) in 1961, the Earth's atmosphere，is divided into five main layers: the troposphere, the stratosphere, the mesosphere, the thermosphere and the exosphere. These layers are bounded by four thin transition regions: the tropospause, the stratospause，the mesospause，the thermospause 。
Like a fish in the ocean, man is confined to a very shallow layer of atmosphere.The gaseous envelope of the Earth is physically inhomogeneous in both the vertical and horizontal directions, although the horizontal inhomogeneity is much less marked than the vertical inhomogeneity.Various criteria have been devised for dividing the atmosphere into layers. This division can be based on the nature of the vertical temperature profile, on the gaseous composition of the air at different altitudes, and the effect of the atmosphere on aircraft at different altitudes, etc. The division based on the variation of the air temperature with altitude is used most commonly in the meteorological literature.According to a publication of the agrological commission of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) in 1961, the Earth’s atmosphere, is divided into five main layers: the troposphere, the stratosphere, the mesosphere, the thermosphere and the exosphere. These layers are bounded by four thin transition regions: the tropospause, the stratospause, the mesospause, the thermospause .The troposphere is the lower layer of the atmosphere between the Earth’s surface and the tropopause. The temperature drops with increasing height in the troposphere, at a mean rate of 6.5 ℃per kilometer (lapse rate). The upper boundary of the troposphere lies at a height of approximately 8 to 12 km in the polar and troposphere contains about 75% of the total mass 就像海洋中的鱼一样,人类被局限在大气中一个非常狭窄的层次之内。
