托福听力tpo40lecture1、2、3、4原文+题目+答案+译文Lecture1 (2)原文 (2)题目 (4)答案 (5)译文 (6)Lecture2 (7)原文 (7)题目 (9)答案 (11)译文 (11)Lecture3 (13)原文 (13)题目 (16)答案 (18)译文 (18)Lecture4 (20)原文 (20)题目 (22)答案 (24)译文 (24)Lecture1原文NARRATOR:Listen to part of a lecture in an art history class.MALE PROFESSOR:Last class I passed out your assignment for your first paper,and today I want to spend some time going over it.Mm…most people never take any art history until they get to college,so many of you have probably never written an art history paper before.I gave you a list of appropriate works of art for you to write about.So your next step in this process needs to be to go look at the work you've selected as your topic.And bring a pencil and a notepad with you,because I don't mean you should just drop by at the museum and glance at it so you can say you've seen it in real life.You need to go and sit in front of the work and really look at it—carefully and slowly.And keep careful notes about what you see—you’ll need them for the kind of art history paper you're going to be writing…it's what we call a formal analysis.A formal analysis of a work of art,any kind of art,is based on its formal qualities, which means qualities related to the form—things like color…texture…line…shapes…proportion…and composition.Probably the closest thing to a formal analysis you might have written is for an English class.If you've…say…written an analysis of a poem,you've used the same skills—you've given an analysis of the poem by describing and analyzing its form and meter.A formal analysis paper in art history is very similar.Now,before you begin writing your formal analysis,you'll want to start with a summary of the overall appearance of the work—a brief description of what you see. Are there figures—people?What are they doing?Or is it a landscape…or an abstract representation of something?Tell what the subject is,and what aspects are emphasized in the painting.This will give your reader an overview of what the work looks like before you analyze it.The next part of your paper—the actual formal analysis—will be the longest and most important section of your paper,where you describe and analyze individual design elements.For this portion of the paper,you're going to rely on the notes you took at the museum,because you should be able to describe in detail the design elements the artist uses,and how they are used.For example,does the artist use harsh lines or soft lines—are the colors bright or muted?Focus on the design elements that you feel are most strongly represented in that particular work of art. And if you don't know where to begin,take note of where your eye goes first.Then describe things in the order in which your eye moves around the work.This will help you understand how one part relates to another—the interaction between the different parts of the work.OK,this kind of analysis should occur throughout the main portion of the paper.In the last section of your paper—and this goes beyond formal analysis—you comment on the significance of what you have seen.What details of the work convey meaning?Some significant details will not be apparent to you right away,but if you look long enough,you realize how important they are for your interpretation of the work.Many years ago,I was writing a formal analysis of a painting of a little boy.In the painting,a little boy was standing in his nursery,and he was holding a toy bird in his hand,and there were more toys around him in the background of the painting. Because of the bird he was holding,I assumed at first that the painting was about the innocence of children.But as I looked at the painting longer,I realized that the boy's eyes looked sad even though there was no discernable expression on his face.And then it dawned on me that,even though he was surrounded by toys,he was all alone in his nursery.The boy's eyes were a significant detail in the painting,that I didn't notice at first.题目1.What point does the professor make about the writing of a formal analysis in art history?A.Its objective is to identify common features of several works of art.B.Its most important part is the explanation of an artwork's significance.C.Several styles of writing a formal analysis are used by art historians.D.A particular approach is required to present Information about an artwork.2.According to the professor,what will students need to do before writing the art history paper?A.Look at examples of formal analysis in textbooksB.Take notes on the artwork they will write aboutC.Go to different museums before selecting a topic for the paperD.Study the historical context of the artwork they will write about3.Why does the professor mention an English class?A.To explain the difference between visual language and written languageB.To explain that students need good writing skills for their assignmentC.To point out similarities between a poetry paper and the students'assignmentD.To point out that many art historians become writers4.What does the professor recommend as a way to understand the relationship between different parts of an artwork?A.Looking for lines that connect different parts of the workB.Examining the artwork from several different anglesC.Looking for similar colors the artist used throughout the workD.Determining how the viewer's eyes move around the work5.Why does the professor talk about his own experience analyzing the painting of a little boy?A.To point out a common misconception about formal analysisB.To stress the importance of looking at an artwork thoroughlyC.To show why a formal analysis should not emphasize small detailsD.To provide an example of an artwork that is easy to analyze6.The professor describes three sections the art history paper should contain.Place them in the order in which they should appear in the paper.Click on a phrase.Then drag it to the space where it belongs.A.Analysis of the design elements the artist usesB.Discussion of the meaning of the artworkC.Summary of the appearance of the artwork答案D B C D B CAB译文旁白：下面听一段艺术史课程的片段。
托福红宝书词汇多少及正确使⽤⽅法 词汇是托福考试的基础,只有积累了⾜够的单词量才能在托福考试中取得更好的成绩。
红宝书是托福词汇最常⽤到的复习资料，托福红宝书⾥⾯有多少次词语?需要如何掌握托福红宝书?今天⼩编给⼤家整理的托福红宝书词汇数量，希望对你有⽤! 托福红宝书词汇数量 福红宝书选取了约3,900个核⼼单词及670多个核⼼词组，并补充⼤量的派⽣词及相关单词，共收录约8,000个常⽤单词，背完⼤概是8000到10000左右的词汇量，其中你能够正确和熟练掌握的就是核⼼单词，其他的要做到看见就知道⼤概意思。
“词根+联想”学习法是经⼴⼤学习者验证的系统⾼效的学习⽅法。
因此，本书以词根、词缀记忆法为主体，利⽤单词的分拆、同义词和形近词的⽐较，以及词与词之间的联系，并配合幽默的插图形成了⼀套实⽤、有趣的记忆⽅法，帮助考⽣⾼效记忆单词。
托福红宝书打破了从A到Z常规的按字母顺序排列单词的⽅式，打乱原有单词顺序，将核⼼单词分成45个单元，以全新的乱序编排带来学习的新体验。
红宝是各种词汇书⾥单词量相对⽐较全⼜不偏的⼀本，还是⽐较推荐的。
另外红宝只有3000是因为其中肯定不包括⼀些⽐较低级的单词。
托福红宝书需要掌握到什么程度 托福红宝书是考⽣⼈⼈必备的托福词汇书，有⼈问想要考托福，红宝书单词应该学到什么⽔准?托福红宝书要背到什么程度好呢?要都认识能看懂还是说要熟记意思呢?新东⽅在线提醒考⽣，托福词汇学习要从认识单词、知道意思、能听懂、能读出来。
能写出来。
当然，并不是说托福词汇量8000+都要求你完全掌握，但是基本的两点要做到： 对于托福阅读来说，要做到看到单词能认识。
对于听⼒来说，听完单词要能明⽩意思。
对于写作来说，当然是要能写出来。
基本的托福写作⽤词⼤概只有2000左右，与托福词汇总量8000+来说，只算是⼀⼩部分。
你真的会⽤托福红宝书吗 有了托福红宝书，也不能死磕着背，背单词有背单词的技巧。
有时候我们看见⼀个⼈，记得他的样⼦，也记得他的性格是开朗或者害羞的，但就是想不起他的名字了，这种情况肯定很常见。
单词记忆和强化的艾宾浩斯周期建议大家选择上午特别是早晨的时间来背新单词，因为此时人的生物节律处于最高峰背单词的记忆力最好，而且也不存在对日常琐事的前摄干扰。
到了晚上，也就是背过单词的12个小时之后，到了第三个记忆周期，一定要复习今天新背过的单词。
复习只需要第一遍背单词的不到三分之一的时间，即每个List 小于或等于20分钟，3个List在50～60分钟之间。
记单词只有一种方法-----按照艾宾浩斯周期的不断重复！艾宾浩斯周期的标准速度是一天花3个小时背下3个新的List，每一个list大致有150个单词，因此有些词汇书如果不是这样划分list，我们可以自己来重新划分。
以这样的标准第一遍背一页单词（10个左右）需要5分钟。
这时第一个记忆周期已到，请同学们在背下一页前，立即返回第一个单词，把这10个单词迅速复习一遍。
因为此时对单词的记忆程度在90％以上，所以只需要几十秒钟，但是对于记忆这些单词所起的作用是极大的。
第二页也是如法炮制。
用这种方法背过6页以后，第二个记忆周期（30分钟）已到，立即从第一页开始复习。
由于这些单词刚刚背过两遍，所以这一遍复习也只需要三分钟。
然后用同样的方法背7～12页。
整个List大约一个小时。
小宝老师对艾宾浩斯周期做了一个小的修订，非常适合我们白天还要上课的大学生或者中学生。
也就是每天早上看完3个list之后，在花30分钟左右把三个单元快速的过一遍，不要强求自己记住，不可能，只是为了晚上的复习进行一次预复习状态，因为我经过测试发现，艾宾浩斯周期最理想的操作环境是纯脱产状态，而大学生白天还有大量的课程，实验等等，因此早上的3个单元的全部先快速过一遍非产有利于强化和抗遗忘。
用以上的方法背过的单词一定会记得很牢固。
因为这种方法不但利用及时的复习改造了遗忘曲线，延缓了遗忘速度，而且基本上克服了前摄抑制和后摄抑制的影响。
建议大家选择上午特别是早晨的时间来背新单词，因为此时人的生物节律处于最高峰背单词的记忆力最好，而且也不存在对日常琐事的前摄干扰。
