人教版八年级英语下册现在完成时讲解及练习

现在完成时讲解一．基本结构：助动词have/has+过去分词(done)二．句型：否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他.一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他.简略答语:Yes,主语+have/has.(肯定)No,主语+haven't/hasn't.(否定)三．用法（1）现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果I have spent all of my money(so far).(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.)Guo zijun has(just/already)come.(含义：郭子君现在在这儿)My father has gone to work.(含义是:我爸爸现在不在这儿)（2）现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作（用行为动词表示）或状态（be动词表示）常与for（+时间段）,since（+时间点或过去时的句子）连用.①f or+时段②s ince+过去一个时间点（译为：自从……以来）③s ince+时段+ago④s ince+从句（过去时）●⑤I t is+时段+since+从句（过去时）Mary has been ill for three days.I have lived here since1998.四．has gone(to),has been(to),has been(in)的区别Have/Has gone(to):去了(现在不在说话现场)Where is your father？H e has gone to Shanghai.Have/Has been(to):去过（已不在去过的地方）My father has been to Shanghai.Have/has been in：呆了多久（还在所呆的地方）My father has been in Shanghai for two months./sin ce two months ago.五．现在完成时的标志1.现在完成时的含义之一是过去完成的动作对现在仍有影响,用以下四大标志词可以表达这种含义:*以already,just和yet为标志He has already got her help.他已得到她的帮助。

He has just seen the film.他刚刚看过这场电影。

He hasn't come back yet.他还没有回来。

*以ever和never为标志This is the best film I have ever seen.这是我曾经看过的最好的一部电影。

He has never been to Beijing.他从没有到过北京。

*以动作发生的次数为标志He says he has been to the USA three times.他说他已经去过美国三次了。

*以so far（到目前为止）为标+beforeHe has got to Beijing so far.到目前为止他已到了北京。

She has passed the examso far.到目前为止她已经通过了考试。

2.过去已经开始的动作一直延续到现在,甚至有可能继续延续下去,我们可以从动作“延续”的特性和“时间”点段的区分入手,进一步学习现在完成时。

*①f or+时段②s ince+过去一个时间点（过去从句）为标志注意：1)现在完成时不能单独与过去的时间状语连用,如yesterday,last week,three years ago等;2)不能与when连用 2.现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用六．过去分词1、规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。

四点变化规则：(1)、一般动词，在词尾直接加“ed”。

work---worked---worked,visit---visited---visited (2)、以“e”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“d”。

live---lived---lived,(3)、以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词，将"y"变为"i"，再加“ed”。

study---studied---studied,cry---cried---cried(4)、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ed”。

stop---stopped---stopped,drop---dropped--dropped2、不规则动词：AAA型原型过去式过去分词burst burst burst hurt hurt hurt let let letcast cast castcost cost costcut cut cuthit hit hitput put putset set setshut shut shutspread spread spreadread read read read原形发音为/ri:d/,过去式和过去分词发音为/red/AAB型beat beat beatenABA型become became becomerun ran runcome came come特殊情况ABB型bring brought broughtbuy bought bought build built built burn burnt burnt catch caught caught dig dug dugfeel felt feltfight fought fought find found found hear heard heard hold held held keep kept keptlay laid laidlead led ledlose lost lost make made made meet met metsell sold sold shoot shot shotsit sat satstand stood stood sweep swept swept teach taught taught tell told toldthink thought thought win won wonABC型begin began begun blow blew blown break broke broken choose chose chosen draw drew drawn drive drove driven drink drank drunkfly flew flownforgive forgave forgivenforget forgot forgottenfreeze froze frozengive gave givengrow grew grownknow knew knownride rode riddenrise rose risenring rang rungshake shook shakensing sang sungsink sank sunkswim swam swumthrow threw thrownwrite wrote written七．瞬间动词（b uy,die,join,come，go,leave,join……）不能直接与for since连用。

要改变动词buy----have borrow-----keepcome/arrive/reach/get to-----be ingo out----be out leave----be awaybegin-----be on finish----be overopen----be open close-----be closeddie----be dead★1.have代替buyMy brother has had(不能用has bought)this bike for a lmost four years.★2、用keep或have代替borrowI have kept(不能用have borrowed)the book for quitea few days.★3、用be替代becomeHow long has your sister been a teacher?★4、用have a cold代替catch a coldT om has had a cold since the day before yesterday.★5、用wear代替put onb)用“be＋形容词”代终止性动词1、b e＋m arried代marry2、b e＋i ll代fall(get)ill3、b e＋d ead代die4、b e＋a sleep代fall(get)asleep5、b e＋a wake代wake/wake up6、b e＋g one代lose,die, sell,leave7、b e＋o pen代open8、b e closed代close/shut9、b e＋m issing(gone,lost)代losec)用“be＋副词”代终止性动词1“be＋o n”代start,begin2“be＋u p”代get up3“be＋b ack(to)”代return to,come back to,go back to4“be here(there)”代come(arrive,reach,get)here或go (arrive,reach,get)there等等d)用“be＋介词短语”代终止性动词1.“be in/at+地点”代替go to/come to2.用be in the army代替join the army3.“be in/at+地点”代替move to常用瞬间动词变延续性动词表：1.have arrived at/in sw.got to/reached e/gon e/moved to sw.→have been in sw./at…相应的介词2.have come/gone back/returned→have been back3.have come/gone out→have been out4.have become→have been5.have closed/opened→have been cl o se/open6.have got up→have been up；7.have died→have been dead；8.have left sw.→have been away from sw.9.have fallen asleep/got to sleep→have been aslee p；10.have finished/ended/completed→have been ove r；11.havemarried→ha v e been married；12.have started/begun to do sth.→have done sth.；13.have begun→have been on14.have borrowed/bought→have kept/had15.have lost→haven’t had16.have put on→have worn17.have caught/get a cold→have had a cold；18.have got to know→have known19.have/has gone to→have been in20.have joined/have taken part in the league/the Part y/the army→have been a member of/have been in/have been t he Party’s member/the league member/the soldier…现在完成时练习(一)A)选用have,has填空:1.I_______told him the news.2.She________come back from school.3.You________won the game.B)按要求改写下列各句:4.They have bought a computer.(改成否定句)_________________________________________5.He has lost his book.(先改成一般疑问句,再作肯定与否定回答)_________________________________________C)单项选择6.-Where have you_____,Kate?-I've______to the bank.A.gone,goneB.been,beenC.gone,beenD.been,gone7.Her grandfather______for two years.A.diedB.has diedC.has been deadD.has been died8.It's six weeks______I met you last.A.whenB.sinceC.beforeD.for9.Tom and Jack have arrived at West Hill Farm already.A.have gotB.have gone toC.have been toD.have reache d现在完成时练习（二）一、单项选择。