To be published Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR'99)

浙江省杭州市2023-2024学年高三上学期11月期中教学质量检测英语试题(2)一、听力选择题1.A．The location of the session has been changed.B．She will definitely go to the session this evening.C．She’ll probably be too tired to walk to the session.D．The session might be canceled because of a heavy snow.2. How did the woman feel about the lecture?A．Interested.B．Bored.C．Confused.3. What do we know about the boy?A．He never prefers eating at table.B．He doesn’t like his mom’s cooking.C．He had some cookies before dinner.4.A．To make the computer beautiful.B．To protect his eyes.C．To get the computer to work longer.D．To keep the computer away from blue light.5. How does the woman probably feel now?A．Tired.B．Thirsty.C．Energetic.二、听力选择题6. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。

1. What does Kevin think of abstract art?A．It has lasting artistic value.B．It makes little sense to him.C．It appeals mainly to children.2. What impression did the first painting give the woman?A．Hopefulness.B．Nervousness.C．Coldness.3. What color was used for the background in the second painting?A．Green.B．Purple.C．Red.4. What will Kevin probably do this Saturday?A．Attend an art class.B．Visit an exhibition.C．Buy an abstract painting.7. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。

2023-2024学年山东省青岛第五十八中学高三上学期期中考试英语试题Bringing Goods into the UKYou are allowed to bring some goods for personal use without paying tax or duty.Arrivals from EU countriesYou can bring goods from EU countries without being charged tax or duty if they are:●transported by yourself; ●a gift or for personal use; ●bought with tax and duty includedYou can bring alcohol and tobacco from EU countries without restriction but an inquiry might be required depending on the amount of your goods.Arrivals from outside the EUYou will be free of duty or tax on certain amounts of goods brought from outside the EU, as long as they are for your own use. Any goods that are beyond your allowance should be declared.Alcohol & tobacco allowance※Allowance for other goods:The maximum value of other goods you can bring is £390. Any single item that is worth more than the allowance will be charged duty or tax on its full value.The rate of duty or tax on items above the allowance is:●2.5% for goods worth up to £630;●decided by the type of goods worth above £630-check by calling the VAT, Customs and Excise Helpline.InsidetheUK************Outside the UK: +44 2920 501 261Working time: 8 am to 6 pm, Monday to Friday,Banned and restricted goodsGoods banned include:●illegal drugs; ●offensive weapons; ●endangered animal and plant species;●meat and dairy products from most non-EU countries.Food and plant products restricted include;●products containing pests and diseases;●products grown outside the EU;●products not for your own use.We reserve the right to seize the goods which are on suspicion of violating intellectual property rights.1. Which of the following products from outside the EU has the largest duty-free allowance?C．Spirits. D．Alcoholic drinks.A．Beer. B．Wine (notsparkling wine).2. How much tax shall one coming from China pay for a ring bought in America worth £500?A．£2. 75 B．£12.5 C．£110. D．£130.3. Which of the following items shall be banned or restricted?A．A set of Russian dolls. B．A bottle of French wine.C．A brick of Australian cheese. D．A package of Spanish cigarettes.Eugene Newman Parker, a leading figure in heliospheric(日球层的) physics for the past half century, passed away peacefully at his home in Chicago on Mar. 15. He was 94.Hailed(誉为) as a visionary in the field of heliophysics, Parker revolutionized our understanding of the sun and its effects on Earth and other bodies within the solar system. NASA even stated that “the field of heliophysics exists in large part because of Dr. Eugene Parker. In 2018, Parker became the first living scientist to witness the launch of a spacecraft that was named in his honor.Parker is best known for his groundbreaking theory on the existence of a phenomenon called “solar wind”, a continuous stream of charged particles that flow off the sun. It can become violent, causing space weat her that impacts the Earth. When Parker’s research was published in 1958, his theory was initially met with skepticism(怀疑) and ridicule by the scientific community. The general view at the time was that the space between planets was an absolute vacuum(真空), and was thus completely empty of any matter. But, there were no errors in his study or his calculations, and the theory was later proven to be correct in 1962, when a NASA spacecraft mission to Venus revealed the constant presence of a supersonic wind—exactly as Parker had predicted.That experience likely led to the advice Parker often gave young researchers: “If you do something new or innovative, expect trouble. But think critically about it because if you’re wrong, you want to be the first one to know that.” Parker never co-authored a paper with his students, thus urging them to be independent.Parker was humble, straightforward, and wise. His son Eric said, “My sister Joyce and I didn’t get a real feel for what a ‘big dog’ our dad was in the field.” T hey got an even better sense when a monthafter Parker’s death, they traveled to Lund, Sweden, to accept on his behalf the Crafoord Prize in Astronomy.4. What can we learn from the second paragraph?A．A spacecraft was named in memory of Parker.B．The sun has less effects on Earth than expected.C．Parker deserved credit for his great contributions.D．NASA provided new insights into the lunar effect.5. Why did people view Parker’s theory of “solar wind” skeptically at first?A．It went against the popular opinion at that time.B．Some mistakes were found in his calculations.C．The presence of a supersonic wind was proven by NASA.D．Matter was believed to exist in the space between planets.6. What did Parker suggest young researchers do?A．seek close cooperation B．avoid high expectationsC．learn by trial and error D．compete against others7. What words can be used to describe Parker according to the passage?A．straightforward and generous B．responsible and accessibleC．intelligent yet conservative D．distinguished yet modestFrom rolling hills to mountain ranges, views make any road trip memorable, but for blin d passengers this is part of the experience they miss. Motor company Ford tries to change that. It teamed up with GTB Rom a and AedoProject—to develop a technology that will give those unfortunate passengers a way to feel nature’s beauty through their car windows.The prototype (原型) of the smart car window has a device with an outside-facing camera. With just a press of a button, the system takes a picture of the current view. The colorful picture is then turned into an image with different shades of grey through, LED lights, which vibrates (震动) differently. As the finger passes over different regions of the image, its shaking movements provide feedback through the sense of touch to the person using it. The smart window also comes with a voice assistant that uses AI to identify the scene and help the passengers get information on what they’re seeing.“As the prototype started taking shape, we realized we were giving birth to a completely new language that would give blind people a new chance to visualize and experience traveling,” Federico Russo.-one director of GTBRoma, said. “When the idea was at its first stage, we looked forsuppl iers all around the world to make it come to life.” He believes the technology can be employednot just in cars. “It could be introduced into schools and in stitutions for blind people as a tool that could be used in multiple ways.”The technology may show up in a Ford autonomous vehicle. It’s known that the company is testing their technology and future business model and struggling to figure out how an autonomous vehicle gives different passengers the details needed to get from one destination to another. It’s unclear when this technology will be made available. However, the idea of building something for the less advanced is indeed a kind and influential action.8. How does the smart car window work?A．By sorting shaking movements. B．By recording the view with a camera.C．By translating scenery into vibrations. D．By presenting different shades of colors.9. What can we know about the technology according to Federico Russø?A．It will have wide application. B．It will be used in schools first.C．It will be tested around the world. D．It will understand different languages. 10. What difficulty is Ford facing currently?A．How to explore their future business model.B．How the technology is applied to everyday life.C．How to produce autonomous cars in large numbers.D．How an autonomous vehicle provides route information.11. Which can be the best title for the text?A．AI-based Window Adds Fun to Road TripsB．Ford Develops a System for the Blind to DriveC．Smart Window Lets Blin d Passengers Feel ViewsD．Technology Makes Blind People’s Trip EnjoyableImagine a future where science has created your twin. Not a flesh-and-blood twin, but one that recreates your flesh and blood, your bones, your heart, your brain — your whole body, in fact — as an extremely complicated computer model.Your doctors can use this digital twin to work out how you will respond to a particular drug or medical procedure. They can even look further into the future, creating a “healthcast”, to forecast what diseases might happen to you or how your lifestyle will affect your health as you age. It is the ultimate in personalized medicine. This is the bold vision set out in Virtual You: How building your digital twin will revolutionize medicine and change your life by Peter Coveney, director of the Centre for Computational Science, and Roger Highfield, science director of the Science Museum Group, UK.Digital twins are already in widespread use in industries such as civil engineering. But these model systems are much simpler than the complex human body. Imagine all the parts that come together to make you work: from the 3 billion letters of your genome (基因组), the numerous molecules (分子) that make up your cells, the trillions of cells building your tissues and organs, and the environment having its input too. Now, imagine trying to create a model of this that is made to each unique individual and that predicts the changes that will take place over a lifetime. This is easier said than done. Changes in the systems biologists want to describe are usually different from what mathematicians describe as “non-linear” (非线性的). Another complication is “emergence”: where the whole of a system is greater than the sum of its parts. This complexity challenges mathematics and pushes computing to the limit too.But getting to the next level — a whole human individual — is going to require yet more data and a revolution in computing technology far beyond what is currently possible. Whether we will get there is an open question, but Virtual You shows us what scientists from different fields can achieve when they all work together.12. What be learned about your science-made twin according to Paragraph 1?A．Your twin looks just like you.B．Your twin knows your thoughts.C．Your twin exists on the computer.D．Your twin is created out of your DNA.13. Why is it difficult to build a digital twin?A．Human body is more complicated than models.B．Digital twins are not widely used in industries.C．Scientists lack enough data in building it.D．Mathematicians and biologists hold different opinions.14. What’s the author’s attitude towards the idea of a digital twin?A．Optimistic.B．Uncertain.C．Unconcerned.D．Skeptical.15. What is the purpose of this text?A．To stress the necessity of digital twins.B．To show the effects of digital twins on future health.C．To explain the building of digital twins in health.D．To introduce new treatments for diseases in the future.If you’ve studied biology, you’ve probably learned about blood types. Or perhaps you hav e learned something about blood types from social media. 16 These letters correspond to two antigens(抗原),A and B. People with AB blood have both antigens, those with A or B have only one, and people with O have no antigens at all.17 If you’ve had a bl ood transfusion(输血), you are probably aware that your blood type determines which blood you can receive. Maybe you’ll think that you should plan your meals based on your blood type. 18 This last concept is popular in Asia, particularly in South Korea. Someone with type-A blood is thought to be considerate but shy. People with type-B blood are known for being creative but odd. Type-O individuals are considered to be some of the most sociable people. Those with type-AB are sensible artists, but sometimes calculating or unpredictable.South Korea is one place where the blood type personality theory catches on. A study released in 2017 suggests that nearly 60%South Koreans believe that blood types serve as an indicator of a person’s personality. 19But such theory can also cause discrimination. In the above-mentioned study, about half of the respondents said that they like people with type-O blood the best. 20 The general belief was that type-O individuals have a personality that best fits the culture in South Korea, while AB-types don’t suit such a cultural outlook. As a result, in recent years, many media have stopped promoting the theory.Early on the morning of October 13, LaPierre was heading to the Chicago Marathon on the city’s Blue Line L. The _______ was full of energized marathoners. Before long, LaPierre noticed a man moving from passenger to passenger, asking for spare _______. His behavior struck LaPierre as “really weird,” especially the way he stared down anyone he felt hadn’t _______ him enough.At the Cumberland station, most of the passengers suddenly _______ the car. LaPierre rushed out to see what was going on, only to hear _______ people shouting that the man asking for money was, in fact, armed and _______ people.As the armed man hopped onto the next train car, LaPierre followed him. “I co uld not _______ knowing there were _______ children and people just trying to get to a race,” he says.The man turned and saw LaPierre, his head down, bull-rushing him. Although the man was far_______ and younger, LaPierre crashed into him and managed to pin him ________ the closed door. “Once I got a few feet from him, I knew he wouldn’t be able to react fast enough to ________ me,” he told the Chicago Sun-Times. The two men fought for the gun — and their ________. The man tried pushing past him, but ________, LaPierre grabbed the gun and handed it to a passenger. Then the police poured into the train, and LaPierre let them ________. He had a marathon to run.This was not the first time LaPierre had jumped into a(n) ________. A few years back, he helpedpr event a drugstore robbery. “I just happen to be at the right place at the right moment,” he says. 21.A．coach B．plane C．train D．ship22.A．seat B．change C．food D．time23.A．thanked B．paid C．known D．given24.A．pulled B．fled C．boarded D．started25.A．encouraged B．disappointed C．panicked D．confused26.A．begging B．entertaining C．robbing D．dismissing27.A．walk away B．break in C．step forward D．come along28.A．careful B．brave C．innocent D．needy29.A．larger B．thinner C．wiser D．quieter30.A．off B．against C．beyond D．under31.A．shoot B．chase C．spot D．miss32.A．prizes B．funds C．lives D．rights33.A．naturally B．thankfully C．generally D．unfortunately 34.A．stand by B．back off C．play along D．take over35.A．race B．fight C．argument D．situation阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

全真模拟演练(三）第一部分：阅读判断（每题1分，共10分）下面的短文后列出了10个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断:如果该句提供的是正确信息,选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，选择C。

The Workers’ Role in ManagementTraditionally, it has been the worker’s role to work and management’s role to manage.Managers have planned and directed the firm’s operations with little thought to consulting(咨询) the labor force. Managers have rarely felt compelled(被迫) to obtain the workers’ opinions or to explain their decisions to their employees . At most, companies have provided “suggestion boxes”in which workers could place ideas for improving procedures. In recent years,however,many management specialists have been arguing that workers are more than sellers of labor--they play a vital role in the company and may be able to make significant contributions to its management. Furthermore,major company decisions greatly affect workers and their dependents. This is particularly true of plant closings, which may put thousands on the unemployment lines. School workers play a stronger role in management?Workers should have a role in management. At the very least the labor force should be informed of major policy decision . A common complaint among rank-and-fileworkers(普通工人) is the lack of information about company policies and actions.Between 1980 and 1985 about five million workers were the victims(受害者) of plantclosings and permanent layoffs(解雇)，often with no warning. At least 90 days notice ought to be given in such instance so that workers have time to adjust. Management should consult workers before closing a plant because the workers mightbe able to suggest ways of improving productivity and reducing costs and mightbe willing to make concessions(让步) that will help keep the plant operating.It school become a general practice to include workers in some managerial(管理的) decision making. There ought to be representatives(代表)of the workers on the firm’s board of directors or other major policy-making groups.If rank-and-file workers are given a voice in the planning and management of the work flow,they will help to make improvements,their morale(士气) will rise,and their productivity will increase. As a further incentive(激励) they must be given ashare in the company’s profits . This can be done through employee stock-ownership plans, bonuses(奖金),or rewards for efficiency and productivity.Finally, when a plant can no longer operate at a profit,the workers should be given the opportunity to purchase(购买) the plant and run it themselves.1.Traditional workers showed no interest in management.( C )A.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given2.“Suggestion box”is one of the many ways for workers to engage in management.( B )A.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given3.Since policy decisions are business secrets of a firm,workers should not be informed of them.( C )A.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given4.Before closing,a plant should put up a notice and keep it for 90 days.( B )A.TrueB.FalseC.Not Givenpanies should tell their major policy decisions to the workers.( A )A.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given6.The workers’ participation(参与) in management might save a plant from closing down.( A )A.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given7.Board of directors is the major policymaking group in many companies.( A )A.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given8.One of the advantages of involving workers in making a decision is that the interpersonal relationship between workers and managers can be improved.( C )A.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given9.An efficient and productive worker should be rewarded with anything but shares in the company’s profits.( B )A.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given10.Workers should be allowed to buy the plant if it cannot make a profit anymore.( A )A.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given第二部分：阅读选择（每题2分，共10分）阅读下面的短文，请从短文后所给各题的4个选项中选出1个最佳选项。

TEM4模拟试题5[1]TEM-4 Test 5PART I WRITING [45 min.]SECTION A COMPOSITION [35 min.]Write a composition of about 150 words on the following topic: Traffic congestion is always one of the problems facing big cities.Now, you have been asked to write an article of about 150 words to a local newspaper entitled:THE BEST WAY TO SOLVE TRAFFIC CONGESTIONYou are to write in three paragraphs.In the first paragraph, state clearly what your view is.In the second paragraph, support your view with details.In the third paragraph, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion with a summary or suggestion.Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriacy. Failure to follow the instruction may result in a loss of marks.SECTION B NOTE-WRITING [10 min.]Write a note of about 50-60 words based on the following situation:You cannot find your book and think that you may have left it in the dorm of a friend whom you visited recently. Write him/her a note asking him/her if you did in fact leave your book at his/her place.Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriacy.PART III LISTENING COMPREHENSION [20 min.]In Section A, B and C you will hear everything once only. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct response for each question. SECTION A STATEMENTIn this section you will hear seven statements. At the end of the statement you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following seven question.Now listen to the statements.1. The coach ____A. came on schedule.B. was scheduled to come at 8:30.C. was half an hour late.D. arrived ahead of schedule.2. Which of the following statements is CORRECT? ____A. Dick almost went through the courses he was asked to.B. Dick has finished all the courses he was required to.C. Dick quit the required courses at the end of the term.D. Dick has not started and course at all by the end of the term.3. According to the statement, Christine ____A. caught the early train o time.B. failed to catch the early train.C. arrived 3 minutes earlier.D. had only 3 minutes to get there.4. What did John do in New York? ____A. He had an appointment with his former teacher.B. He spent his vacation with his former teacher.C. He met his former teacher by chance.D. He hit his former teacher while driving.5. What does the statement mean? ____A. It takes a long time to grow pineapples.B. We have not eaten pineapples for too long.C. Pineapples don't taste good.D. We often eat pineapples.6. What dose the speaker mean? ____A. Take more oranges as you like.B. Please help me to pick up these oranges.C. More oranges do good to your health.D. There are too many oranges to eat up.7. What does the speaker mean? ____A. The lecture was in fact not a short one.B. The lecture was expected to be 3 hour long.C. The lecture was shorter than 3 hours.D. The lecture lasted until 3 o'clock.SECTION B CONVERSATIONIn this section, you will hear eight short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following eight questions.Now listen to the conversation.8. How many students attended the course on the first day? ____A. 40B. 55C. 50D. 459. The man wants a briefcase like the woman's because ____A. they are almost the same.B. her briefcase is smaller.C. he wants a briefcase with a zip.D. the man doesn't have one.10. They agreed not to ____A. leave here.B. graduate.C. write the thesis.D. take spring holiday.11. What does the man think of the photo? ____A. It makes Diana look younger.B. It makes Diana look beautiful.C. It doesn't make Diana look good.D. It doesn't look like Diana at all.12. What does the woman think of the house? ____A. she will buy the house without hesitation.B. She will paint the house blue.C. She likes everything expect the color.D. She is not satisfied with the bathroom.13. The conversation takes place at ____A. 4:30.B. 5:30.C. 3:30.D. 1:30.14. We can know from the conversation that Dr. Wilson is a (n) ____A. teacher.B. manager.C. surgeon.D. advisor.15. It can be inferred from the conversation that ____A. they are still looking for the child.B. the child has been found.C. they have stopped the effort.D. they are asking for more help.SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTQuestions 16 & 17 are based on the following news. At the end of the item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the two questions.Now listen to the news.16. How many people lost their lives in the fire? ____A. 4.B. 6.C. 10.D. 19.17. Who may have caused the fire? ____A. A Lebanese refugee.B. A Polish refugee.C. Right-wingers.D. Immigrants from Syria.Question 18 is based on the following news. At the end of the item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the two questions.Now listen to the news.18. How was one of the U.S. soldiers found alive in North Korea? ____A. He made a public appearance.B. He published a book telling the truth.C. He was found in a picture of a film.D. He received an interview by a TV reporter.Questions 19 & 20 are based on the following news. At the end of the item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the two questions.Now listen to the news.19. Why did Papuans start a long-time campaign? ____A. To gain independence.B. To protect the President.C. To fight the commandos.D. To seize hostages.20. How many people are still held hostage by the Free Papua Movement? ____A. 10.B. 200.C. 24.D. 14.Question 21 is based on the following news. At the end of the item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the two questions.Now listen to the news.21. Which of the following statements is true according to the news? ____A. Budget talks are being held between the two parties.B. A new budget deal will be made in a short time.C. Both parties have reached an agreement on budget.D. The chance for both parties to agree on the budget is slim.Question 22 is based on the following news. At the end of the item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the two questions.Now listen to the news.22. What might eventually happen between Microsoft and Cambridge University? ____A. To set up a joint research center.B. To extend their cooperation.C. To hire some researchers.D. To complete the project.Questions 23 & 24 are based on the following news. At the end of the item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the two questions.Now listen to the news.23. The percentage of the annual decrease in infant mortality rate since 1990 is ____A. 6.5.B. 5.85.C. 5.D. 19.24. ____ progress has been made in cutting down the mortality rate in China.A. Rapid.B. Slow.C. Little.D. Negative.Question 25 is based on the following news. At the end of the item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the two questions.Now listen to the news.25. Which of the following statements is NOT true? ____A. A section of M4 motorway has been closed to traffic.B. There has been a serious car accident on the toad.C. No person has been reported to be dead.D. Rescue operations have been going on throughout the day.PART IV CLOZE [15 min.]Decide which of the choices given below would correctly complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. Mark the correct choice for each blank. Television -- that most pervasive and persuasive of modern (26)____, marked by rapid change and growth -- is moving into a new era, an era of extraordinary sophistication and versatility, which (27)____ to reshape our lives and our world. It is an electronic (28)____, made possible by the (29)____of television and computer sciences.The word "television," (30)____ from its Greek (tele: distant) and Latin (vision: sight) roots, can (31)____ be interpreted as sight from a distance. Very simply (32)____, it works in this way: through a sophisticated system of electronics, television provides the (33)____ of converting an image into electronic impulses, which can be sent through a wire or cable. These impulses, when (34)____ into a receiver (television set), can (35)____ be electronically reconstituted into that same image.Television is more than just an electronics system, however. It is (36)____ of expression, as well as a (37)____ for communication, and as such becomes a powerful tool for reading other human beings.The field of television can be divided into two (38)____ determined by its means of transmission. First, there is broadcast television, which teaches the masses through broad-based airwave transmission of television (39)____. Second, there is nonbroadcast television, which provides (40)____ the needs of individuals or specific interest groups through controlled transmission techniques.(26)A. techniquesB. skillsC. developmentsD. technologies(27)A. suggestsB. promisesC. appearsD. pledges(28)A. evolutionB. innovationC. transformationD. revolution(29)A. marriageB. synthesisC. associationD. unification(30)A. cameB. stemmedC. derivedD. resulted(31)A. accuratelyB. preciselyC. exactlyD. literally(32)D. described(33)A. capabilityB. competenceC. abilityD. proficiency(34)A. feedingB. having fedC. feedD. fed(35)A. thenB. nowC. laterD. shortly(36)A. a meanB. a meansC. meanD. means(37)A. channelB. apparatusC. vehicleD. mechanism(38)A. classesB. sectionsC. categoriesD. groups(39)D. pictures(40)A. forB. withC. toD. onPART V GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY [15 min.]There are twenty-five sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word or phrase that correctly completes the sentence.41. This is a most peculiar letter. What do you ____ of it?A. gatherB. makeC. getD. feel42. Now that we've identified the problem, we must decide on an appropriate course of ____.A. actionB. progressC. solutionD. development43. Since the couple couldn't ____ their difference, they decided to get a divorce.A. reconcileB. identifyC. adjustD. coincide44. We attended a ____ of the new manufacturing process.A. demonstrationB. displayC. showingD. manifestation45. How many people do you think his car would ____?A occupyB. holdC. fit46. It never ____ my mind that he might refuse the request.A. passedB. filledC. crossedD. occurred47. People become less ____ to new ideas as they grow older.A. receptiveB. availableC. attentiveD. attractive48. Is he really ____ to judge a brass band contest?A. competentB. skillfulC. capableD. efficient49. The new airport will be ____ from all directions.A. availableB. accessibleC. obtainableD. achievable50. The team's recent wins have now ____ them for the semi-finals.A. fittedB. promotedC. qualifiedD. selected51. For parents, one of the problems ____ by rising prices is the continual demand for more pocket money.A. givenB. posedC. providedD. forced52. The police managed to ____ down the owner of the car.A. traceB. trackC. search53. The party's reduced vote was ____ of lack of support for its polices.A. indicativeB. confirmingC. revealingD. evidence54. The football match was televised ____ from the Workers' Stadium.A. aliveB. lifeC. liveD. lively55. Having considered the problem for a while she thought better ____ her first solution.A. toB. thanC. fromD. of56. If that idea was wrong, the project is bound to fail, ____ good all the other ideas might be.A. whateverB. thoughC. whatsoeverD. however57. The less the surface of the ground yields to the weight of the body of a runner, ____ to the body.A. the greater the stressB. the stress is greaterC. greater the stress isD. greater is the stress58. That's your sister, ____?A. isn't itB. isn't thatC. isn't sheD. aren't you59. It's high time we ____ a rest.A. haveB. hadC. are havingD. should have60. If you ____, you'd better go outside in the fresh air.A. faintB. have faintedC. are going to faintD. will faint61. I don't know ____.A. why do thisB. why to do thisC. why doing thisD. why we ought to do this62. The man over there is ____ our principal.A. no other butB. no other thanC. no one thanD. none other than63. No one can walk the wire without a bit of fear unless ____ very young.A. having been trainedB. trainedC. to be trainedD. being trained64. -- When can we come to visit you?-- Any time you feel ____.A. for itB. to itC. like itD. so65. His honesty is ____: nobody can doubt it.A. in questionB. out of the questionC. beside the questionD. without questionPART VI READING COMPREHENSION [30 min.]SECTION A [25 min.]In this section there are four passages followed by fifteen questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the correct answer.Text AA Wise ManHe was a funny looking man with a cheerful face and a good-natured talker. He was described by his student, the great philosopher, as "the best and most just and wisest man." Yet, this same man was condemned to death for his beliefs.The man was the Greek philosopher, Socrates, and he was condemned for not believing in the recognized god and for corrupting young people. The second charge stemmed from his association with numerous young men who came to Athens from all over the civilized world to study under him.Socrates' method of teaching was ask question and, by pretending not to know the answers, to press his students into thinking for themselves. His teachings had influence, Socrates himself never wrote a word.Socrates encouraged new ideas and free thinking in the young, and this was frightening to the conservative people. They wanted him silenced. Yet, many were probably surprised that he accepted death so readily.Socrates had the right to ask for a lesser penalty, and he probably could have won over enough of the people who had previously condemned him. But Socrates, as a firm believer in law, reasoned that it was proper to submit to the death sentence. So, he calmly accepted his fate and drank a cup of poison hemlock in the presence of his grief-stricken friends and students.66. In the first paragraph, the word yet is used to introduce _____.A. contrast.B. a sequence.C. emphasis.D. an example.67. Socrates was condemned to death because he _____.A. firmly believed in law.B. was a philosopher.C. published outspoken articles.D. advocated original opinions.68. By mentioning that Socrates himself never wrote anything, the writer implies that _____.A. it was surprising that Socrates was so famous.B. Socrates was not so learned as he is reputed to have been.C. Socrates used the work of his students in teaching.D. that authorities refused to publish Socrates' works.69. Socrates accepted the death penalty to show _____.A. his belief in his students.B. his contempt for conservatives.C. his recognition of the legal system.D. that he was not afraid of death.Text BIn English, along a stretch of the north-east coast which gently curves from Northumberland to the estuary of the river Tees, there was a spot, typical of many on that coast, where sea-coal collected richly and effortlessly. This coal was a coarsepowder, clean and brilliant. It seemed to bear little resemblance to the large, filthy lumps put onto the fire. Although it was coal, it was perfectly clean and it was silently deposited at high tide in a glittering carpet a kilometer long for the local community to gather up.The great needed for sea-coaling expeditions was a curious and traditionally proven assortment which never varied from community to community along the entire north-east coastline. Sacks were essential to put the coal in, and string to tie the neck of each sack when it was full. A wooden rake was used to scrape the coal from the beach. The only alternative to the rake was a flat piece of board held in the hand. A flat, broad shovel to lift the raked coal into the bags, completed the portable hardware. But the most crucial item of equipment was a bicycle, a special kind of rusty, stripped-down model which was the symbol of the sea-coaling craft. A lady's bike wasno good because it lacked a crossbar, and that was an essential element in transporting sea-coal. One full sack could be slung through the triangular frame of a man's bike, another over the crossbar and, sometime, even a third on top of that. The beauty of the metal bar against the full, wet sacks forced excess water out of the coal while it was being wheeled home. On a good day, the path to the beach was generally a double snail track of water that had been forced from each end of a trail of coal sacks.70. The difference between the two types of coal was that sea coal _____.A. burnt better.B. was cheaper.C. was more finely-grained.D. came in big pieces.71. Certain equipment was used because _____.A. the people were very traditional.B. it could be made by the communities.C. it had proved to be practical.D. the communities had curious habits.72. To carry three sacks of coal on a bicycle it was necessary to _____.A. put one of them on the saddle.B. balance them all on the crossbar.C. balance two on the crossbar.D. remove the excess liquid.73. By using the bicycle _____.A. the collection could ride home.B. coal could be moved easily over the sand.C. the collection could sell more coal.D. excess liquid could be removed.Text CWhen we think of creative people the names that probably spring to mind are those of men such as Leonardo da Vinci, Albert Einstein, and Pablo Picasso, i.e., great artists, inventors and scientists -- a select and exceptionally gifted body of men with rare talent and genius. The tendency to regard creativity and imaginative thinking as the exclusive province of a lucky few disregards the creative and imaginative aspects inherent in the solution of many of the tasks we regularly have to face -- the discovery and development of new method and techniques, the improvement of old methods, existing inventions and products.Everyone has creative ability to some extent. Creative thinking involves posing oneself a problem and then finding a solution along new and unconventional lines. It involves drawing new comparisons, discovering new combinations, and/or newapplications of thing that are already known. It follows, then, that a creative person will exhibit great intellectual curiosity and imagination. He will be alert and observant with a great store of information which he will be able to sort out and combine, in the solution of problems. He will be emotionally receptive to new and unconventional ideas and will be less interested in facts than in their implications. Most important of all, he will be able to communicate freely and will not be too concerned about other people's reaction to his apparently 'crazy' ideas. People called the Wright brothers mad but it did not stop them from becoming the first men to construct and fly a heavier-than-air craft.74. The author believes that creative thinking _____.A. is only possessed by great artists.B. requires rare talent and genius.C. is needed in solving many problems.D. belongs to a few lucky people.75. Creative thinking involves _____.A. drawing new pictures of old things.B. observing the actions of great people.C. facing the problem and finding a solution.D. discovering new emotions.76. A creative person must look at facts _____.A. for their face-value.B. for what they imply.C. and remember them.D. which are less interesting.77. In order to solve scientific problems, people _____.A. should not be afraid of others' opinions.B. should be as crazy as possible.C. must possess strange notions.D. should have more freedom.Text DRock music has grown in including hundreds of musical styles, some of which define a broad mainstream, while others are supported by small but devoted audiences. As in earlier decades, major record companies have used independent labels to find new trends and locate promising talent.Rap music continued to develop in the 1990s, stimulating controversy over its sometimes violent lyrics. Many rap styles gained popularity, including the gangsta (gangster) style of Ice-T and Dr. Dre; the pop-rap style of hip-hop and jazz developed by Us3. Heavy metal has remained popular, as evidenced by huge arena concerts. A style known as alternative rock, popularized in the late 1980s by the group R. E. M., combines heavy-metal guitars, folk and punk influences, and ambiguous lyrics. The alternative style consisted of a number of substyles, such as the grunge rock of Seattle-based groups Nirvana and Soundgarden. Techno, a style of dance music that gained popularity in the 1990s, combines computer-generated, disco-like rhythms with digital samples.Acid jazz is a related style, combining rock and jazz influences.Music video has remained an important means of introducing new performers. Other new media technologies, including the use of fiber-optic cables and satellite transmissions, have changed the way people access popular music. Advances in recording-studio technology, digital recording equipment, and synthesis techniques have allowed musicians, producers, and music engineers to exert far greater control over their final product than previously possible. In live concerts, miniaturized and relatively portable amplification equipment has been introduced to create the illusion of direct communication between theaudience and the performers. In contrast, the Lo-Fi movement developed in 1990s as a reaction against the glossy production values of mainstream popular music. This movement stresses primitive, low-fidelity recording techniques that reflect those used in the 50s and 70s.78. The following statements about music are true EXCEPT _____.A. There are now hundreds of musical styles included in rock music.B. Most rock styles are supported by a large number of devoted people.C. Some rock styles are called mainstream style because of their popularity.D. Different rock styles are labeled differently by major record companies.79. There are some discussions or arguments about rap music because _____.A. it was not so popular in the 1980s as in the 1990s.B. there are so many kinds of rap music available.C. it combines with many other musical styles.D. sometimes its lyrics are related to violence.80. What brings about an improvement of sound quality in music industry?A. Advances in studio technology, digital recording equipment and synthesis techniques.B. New media technologies, as the use of fiber-optic cables and satellite transmissions.C. miniaturized and relatively portable amplification equipment used in live concert.D. Music video technologies that introduce new performers quickly, easily and artistically.SECTION B SKIMMING AND SCANNING [5 min.]In this section there are six passages with a total of 10 multiple-choice questions. Skim or scan them as required and then mark your answer.Text EFirst read the question.81. The passage is mainly concerned with _____.A. fruit growing.B. outdoor gardening.C. leafy vegetables.D. indoor gardening.82. The author's attitude towards the topic in the passage is _____.A. neutral.B. positive.C. contradictory.D. indifferent.Now go through the text quickly and answer the questions.Maybe you'd like to have a vegetable garden, but you live in a room, an apartment, a townhouse or a mobile home, and you think there is no place at all for such activity. But if you have a doorstep, a balcony or even just a windowsill, you can have your own mini-garden.Mini-garden with vegetables, fruit trees and herbs can be fascinating fun, and you can mix or match all vegetables or vegetables and flowers. You can grow them in greenhouses, under fluorescent lights, or in a sunny window.Perhaps now, with the prices of fresh vegetables competing with those of meats and dairy products, this is more than ever an important aspect of indoor gardening. But entirely aside from the economic dividends, there is the pleasure of enjoying a truly fresh product, one you grew yourself from plant to plate.。

高二英语科研项目实施单选题40题(带答案)1.In the scientific research project, we need to collect data _____.A.accuratelyB.exactlyC.preciselyD.correctly答案：A。

“accurately”强调准确地，在科研项目中收集数据需要准确无误。

“exactly”表示确切地、完全地；“precisely”精确地，和“accurately”意思较为接近但在科研收集数据的场景下，“accurately”更常用；“correctly”正确地，通常用于方法等正确，不太符合收集数据的语境。

2.When presenting the research results, we should express our ideas _____.A.clearlyB.obviouslyC.apparentlyD.visibly答案：A。

“clearly”清晰地，在展示研究结果时要表达清晰。

“obviously”明显地；“apparently”显然地；“visibly”看得见地，后三个选项不太符合表达想法的语境。

3.The scientific research project requires ______ teamwork.A.cohesiveB.unitedC.cooperativeD.joined答案：C。

“cooperative”合作的，科研项目需要合作的团队合作。

“cohesive”有结合力的；“united”联合的；“joined”连接的，这三个选项不太符合团队合作的语境。

4.We must analyze the data ______ to draw accurate conclusions.A.thoroughlypletelyC.entirelyD.wholely答案：A。

“thoroughly”彻底地，分析数据需要彻底才能得出准确结论。

2021届北京市海淀国际学校高三英语期中试题及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AThe following 4 famous paintings, from Jan van Eyck’s portrait to Pablo Picasso’s masterpiece, have stood the test of time.The Arnolfini PortraitJan van Eyck’s Arnolfini Portrait, an oil painting on wood produced in 1434, is undoubtedly one of the masterpieces in the National Gallery,London. This painting is as visually interesting as it is famed. It is also an informative document on fifteenth-century society, through van Eyck’s heavy use of symbolism-while husbands went out to engage in business, wives concerned themselves with domestic duties.The Starry NightVincent van Gogh painted The Starry Night, oil on canvas, a moderately abstract landscape painting of an expressive night sky over a small hillside village, during his 12-month stay at the mental hospital nearSaint-Remy-de-Provence,Francebetween 1889 and 1890. When theMuseumofModern ArtinNew York Citypurchased the painting from a private collector in 1941, it was not well known, but it has since become one of van Gogh's most famous works.The HarvestersThe Harvesters is an oil painting on wood completed by Pieter Bruegel the Elder in 1565. It depicts the harvest time which most commonly occurred within the months of August and September. Nicolaes Jonghelinck, a merchant banker and art collector fromAntwerp, commissioned this painting. The painting has been at the Metropolitan Museum of Art inNew York Citysince 1919.GuernicaGuernica,a large black-and-white oil painting, was painted by the Cubist Spanish painter, Pablo Picasso in 1937. The title ‘Guernica’ refers to the city that was bombed by Nazi planes during the Spanish Civil War. The painting depicts the horrors of war and as a result, has come to be an anti-war symbol and a reminder of the tragedies of war. Today, the painting is housed at the Museo National Centro de Arte ReinaSofiainMadrid.1. What do the four paintings have in common?A. They are oil paintings.B. They are kept inNew York.C. They show different people’s lives.D. They are created during 10th century to 19th century.2. What do we know about The Starry Night?A. It shows the scenery of a small hillside village.B. Van Gogh produced it when living in his home.C. A private collector gave it away to the museum.D. It was not famous before 1941.3. Whose painting shows the destruction of war?A. Jan van Eyck.B. Vincent van Gogh.C. Pieter Bruegel.D. Pablo Picasso.BAs artificial intelligence(AI) systems become more advanced, we can expect them to be used more often in the world of human medicine and healthcare. AI is designed to imitate(模仿）the human brain in decision making and learning, so with the computing power to learn tasks in days or even hours, it is possible to create medical AIs that rapidly outperform doctors in certain tasks.Data plays a hugely important role in helping AI systems learn about human medicine. AI systems are trained on large data sets gathered from real-life cases. Providing detailed patient information in quantities is a crucial factor for their success.One of the most important areas for influencing global health is in the field of epidemiology(流行病学）。

2024年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（模拟）英语2024.3本试卷分选择题和非选择题两部分。

满分120分。

考试用时120分钟。

注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。

2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。

回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。

3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

AEYLEAConsumer Brief SummaryThis summary contains risk and safety information for patients about EYLEA. It does not include all the information and does not take the place of talking to your eye doctor.What is EYLEA?EYLEA is a medicine that works by blocking vascular endothelial growth factor（VEGF）, which can cause fluid to leak into the macula（视网膜黄斑）.What is EYLEA used for?EYLEA is indicated for the treatment of patients with:·Macular Edema Following Retinal Vein Occlusion（RVO）·Diabetic Macular Edema（DME）·Diabetic Retinopathy（DR）How is EYLEA given?EYLEA is an injection（注射）administered by eye doctor and the injections are given on different schedules. Confirm with your doctor which schedule is appropriate.What are the most common side effects of EYLEA?·Eye pain·Light sensitivity·Increased eye rednessFor more possible side effects, ask your eye doctor. You are encouraged to report negative side effects of prescription drugs to the FDA. Visit /medwatch, or call1-800-FDA-1088.What should I tell my eye doctor before receiving EYLEA?·Infections in or around the eye·Eye pain or redness·Being allergic to any ingredients in EYLEA·Being or planning to be pregnantWhere can I learn more about EYLEA?For a more comprehensive review of EYLEA safety and risk information, talk to your health care provider and see the full information at EYLEA. com.1. Who is the passage intended for?A. Eye doctors.B. Medicine students.C. Drug researchers.D. Patients with eye conditions.2. How can you learn more about EYLEA?A. Visit .B.Call1-800-FDA-1088.C. Visit /medwatch.D. Talk to a medical professor.3. What is this text?A. A medical report.B. An introduction to a book.C. A healthcare contract.D. A piece of medical instructions.BWatford and her family have lived in Curtis Bay, Baltimore for generations. Her community has faced environmental injustice. Heavy industries continued to move in her community. As a result, her neighbors have had to live with serious respiratory（呼吸的）problems.When she knew a plan to build the nation’s largest trash-burning incinerator（焚化炉）less than a mile away from her high school, she realized she had to take action. The incinerator was being sold wrongly as clean, renewable energy equipment but actually it would be a source of brain-damaging chemicals and would release 200 million tons of greenhouse gases per year, both worse than coal burning. Watford felt she had a responsibility to warn her community to work together to shut this plant down.She co-founded Free Your Voice（FYV）, a 10-person student organization devoted to community rights and social justice. Together, they decided to start a campaign to take down Energy Answers, the incinerator’s developer. They went door-to-door talking to neighbors and organizing protests.When it was discovered that Baltimore City Public Schools（BCPS）was going to be a customer of Energy Answers, the organization fought with the board and presented their case, urging BCPS to withdraw from the project. BCPS was convinced to cancel their contract, which in turn inspired 22 other customers to do the same. Without any financial gain, Energy Answers had no market to move forward with its plan.Watford continues to work with Curtis Bay residents toward fair development. They have a vision for the future which includes building a zero-waste movement, a solar farm, and green jobs. She wants the entire human family to join the fight for environmental justice because survival as a species depends on our ability to take action.4. What caused respiratory problems in Watford’s community?A. Poor medical care.B. Terrible environmental conditions.C. Constant bacterial infection.D. Unbalanced distribution of resources.5. What is Watford’s attitude to building the incinerator?A. Unfavourable.B. Doubtful.C. Unclear.D. Indifferent.6. What was the result of their campaign?A. BCPS lost financial support.B. Energy Answers stopped its plan.C. The investors found new market.D. Many customers revised their contracts.7. What would be the best title for the text?A. A teenage hero against urban pollutionB. A teenage hero fighting for an advanced cityC. A battle for Baltimore’s sky by a teenage heroD. The social justice challenge for a teenage heroCHumans work hard to avoid viruses. Sick people are isolated, diseased animals are killed and fields of infected crops are fired up. Reviving（复活）an ancient virus would surely be a disaster.But a new study led by Fiddamanfrom Oxford, challenges this conventional wisdom. It shows how the revival of an ancient virus can unlock the secrets of its evolution.The virus in the study is Marek’s disease virus（MDV）, killing more than 90% of chickens. Yet when it was discovered in 1907, MDV rarely caused death.Dr Fiddaman wondered whether its new-found virulence（毒性）was a result of large structural changes. To find out, he and his colleagues got their hands on nearly 1,000 chicken bones from ancient times across Europe and Asia, some of them up to 2000 years old. Sections of DNA from these remains were mapped on to the ones of today’s virus.As the authors pieced together the sets of genes of ancient MDV, however, they noticed that the genes were arranged identically to those in modern species. It suggests that the increased virulence resulted not from large structural changes, but from point mutations（突变）. In particular, changes had occurred in the arrangement of a gene called MEQ, which has an essential role in tumour（肿瘤）formation.This discovery suggests that the ancient MDV may not have been able to cause tumours. To test this assumption, Dr Fiddaman followed up with a daring experiment. He made the ancient form of the MEQ gene and shoot it into living chicken cells. It did not turn on any of the genes associated with tumour formation. In comparison, a modern MEQ gene quickly showed its tendency to cause tumours.By combining ancient and modern genetic biology, the methods pioneered in the paper reveal how, and more importantly why, any virus mutates. That could help scientists tackle other viruses that pull on the purse-strings of farmers —by designing new vaccines（疫苗）, for instance— or even to work out how to prevent another global pandemic.8. What is widely acknowledged about the revival of an ancient virus?A. It is a challenging task.B. It reveals the virus evolution.C. It means a disaster for humans.D. It helps people fight diseases.9. What caused the virulence change of MDV?A. Point mutations in MEQ.B. The occurrance of a new gene.C. The reproduction of the ancient MDV.D. Large structural changes in modern species.10. How did Dr Fiddaman test the assumption?A. By investigating a typical case.B. By conducting a field survey.C. By studying the related theories.D. By doing a comparative experiment.11. What can we infer from the last paragraph?A. Viruses weaken gradually when they mutate.B. The finding throws light on handling other viruses.C. A global pandemic requires a world effort to end it.D. Farmers will face more complex challenges than before.DWhen American anthropologist Colin Turnbull published The Mountain People in 1972, he referred to his subjects —a Ugandan group called the Ik — as “the loveless people.” After two years of observations, he decided that they reflected humanity’s basic instincts（本能）: cheat, thievery, and pitilessness. But when Athena Aktipis and her colleagues from the Human Generosity Project took a deeper look, they identified a community that shared everything. “Turnbull had visited Uganda during a disastrous famine（饥荒）. All he saw is what happens when people are starving.” says Aktipis. But her team revealed that despite living under pressure, the Ik placed a high value on helping one another when they could.Aktipis believes that altruism is more common and beneficial than evolutionary social science has long thought. “It was assumed that people are designed to only do things to help themselves or their relatives.” she says. By studying the unique, selfless practices that helped nine communities across the world to continue to exist, the experts from the Project are looking to show that we are indeed capable of widespread cooperation.The Maasai people in Kenya provide one of the project’s main points. They rely on two-way friendships for resources like food or water when they’re in need, without expecting any repayment. Also, a world away, in New Mexico, while folks often help transport cattle and receive support in return, they will assist without repayment if someone faces difficulties, such as an injury or the death of a loved one.Aktipis believes theoretical frameworks she’s perfected through studying these groups can apply broadly to any interdependent systems. Her big goal is to design social-service systems that support everyone. Take market -based insurance in the United States as an example: It’s priced based on individual risk factors such as health histories and where people live, which means millions of Americans can’t afford it. But in a system built on neighboring, pooled costs（合并成本）would level the burden during collective hardship like natural disasters and pandemics.12. What did Turnbull think of the Ik people?A. Heartless.B. Helpful.C. Restless.D. Generous.13. What does the underlined word “altruism” in paragraph 2 probably mean?A. Trying to be strong and tough to survive.B. Making full use of the surrounding resources.C. Being devoted to themselves or their relatives.D. Caring about the needs and happiness of others.14. What does paragraph 3 intend to convey?A. Friendships guarantee a well-being life.B. Folks assist each other to get support.C. Cooperation is a good and natural instinct.D. People tend to provide resources for free.15. How does Aktipis intend to apply her findings?A. By designing a policy for public health.B. By monitoring individual health histories.C. By creating a system against collective hardship.D. By lowering insurance prices for individual victims.第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

2018年5月20日CATTI二笔实务真题及参考答案注：真题由网友回忆整理，可能有少许出入。

译文除中译英第一篇外，其余均由“骑马的剑圣”翻译，仅供参考，不当之处请指正。

英译中第一篇At one of the better colleges in India's capital, there is just one large room for 140 faculty members to sit and have a cup of tea or grade papers. 'If even half show up, there aren't enough chairs,' said Amin, a history professor there. 'There is no other place to work. In this situation, how do you expect teachers to work?'The lack of amenities for faculty members is not the only issue. After 30 years at Mary College, which is one of dozens administered by the University of Delhi, Ms. Amin makes the equivalent of $22,000 a year - less than half of what some of her better students will make in their first jobs. New opportunities offer not just more money for graduates but also mobility and flexibility, which are virtually unheard of for faculty at most of India's colleges and universities.All this means that India is facing a severe shortage of faculty members. But it is not just low pay and lack of faci lities that are being blamed. According to a government report published last year, a massive expansion in higher education combined with a poor supply of PhD's, delays in recruitment and the lack of incentives to attract and nurture talent has led to a situation in which 40 percent of existing faculty positions remain vacant. The report's authors, mostly academics, found that if the shortfall is calculated using the class size recommended by the government, this figure jumps to 54 percent.Experts say this is the clearest sign that India will fail to meet the goal set by the education minister, who has pledged to more than double the size of the country's higher education system by 2020. They say that while the ambition is laudable, the absence of a long-term strategy to develop faculty will ensure that India's education dream remains just that.Mr. Balakrishnan of Indian institute of technology in Delhi, meanwhile, was more optimistic. He felt India could enroll as much as 25percent of eligible students in colleges and universities - about twice the current figure - by the end of this decade. 'Tangible changes are happening,' he said. 'The debate that has happened in the last few years has taken people out of their comfort zones. There is more consensus across the board that we need to scale quality education.'参考译文：在印度首都的一所比较好的大学里，供140名教职人员休息喝茶或批改卷子的地方只有一间大房间。

Tyzx DeepSea High Speed Stereo Vision SystemJohn Iselin Woodfill,Gaile Gordon,Ron BuckTyzx,Inc.3885Bohannon Drive Menlo Park,CA 94025Woodfill,Gaile,Ron @AbstractThis paper describes the DeepSea Stereo Vision System which makes the use of high speed 3D images practical in many application domains.This system is based on the DeepSea processor,an ASIC,which computes absolute depth based on simultaneously captured left and right im-ages with high frame rates,low latency,and low power.The chip is capable of running at 200frames per second with 512x480images,with only 13scan lines latency between data input and first depth output.The DeepSea Stereo Vi-sion System includes a stereo camera,onboard image rec-tification,and an interface to a general purpose processor over a PCI bus.We conclude by describing several applica-tions implemented with the DeepSea system including per-son tracking,obstacle detection for autonomous navigation,and gesture recognition.In Proceedings of the IEEE Computer Society Workshop on Real Time 3-D Sensors and Their Use,Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition ,(Washington,D.C.),June 2004.1.IntroductionMany image processing applications require or are greatly simplified by the availability of 3D data.This rich data source provides direct absolute measurements of the scene.Object segmentation is simplified because discontinuities in depth measurements generally coincide with object borders.Simple transforms of the 3D data can also provide alterna-tive virtual viewpoints of the data,simplifying analysis for some applications.Stereo depth computation,in particular,has many ad-vantages over other 3D sensing methods.First,stereo is a passive sensing method.Active sensors,which rely on the projection of some signal into the scene,often pose high power requirements or safety issues under certain operating conditions.They are also detectable -an issue in security or defense applications.Second,stereo sensing provides a color or monochrome image which is exactly (inherently)registered to the depth image.This image is valuable in im-age analysis,either using traditional 2D methods,or novel methods that combine color and depth image data.Third,the operating range and Z resolution of stereo sensors are flexible because they are simple functions of lens field-of-view,lens separation,and image size.Almost any operat-ing parameters are possible with an appropriate camera con-figuration,without requiring any changes to the underlying stereo computation engine.Fourth,stereo sensors have no moving parts,an advantage for reliability.High frame rate and low latency are critical factors for many applications which must provide quick decisions based on events in the scene.Tracking moving objects from frame to frame is simpler at higher frame rates because rel-ative motion is smaller,creating less tracking ambiguity.In autonomous navigation applications,vehicle speed is lim-ited by the speed of sensors used to detect moving obstacles.A vehicle traveling at 60mph covers 88ft in a second.An effective navigation system must monitor the vehicle path for new obstacles many times during this 88feet to avoid collisions.It is also critical to capture 3D descriptions of potential obstacles to evaluate their location and trajectory relative to the vehicle path and whether their size represents a threat to the vehicle.In safety applications such as airbag deployment,the 3D position of vehicle occupants must be understood to determine whether an airbag can be safely deployed -a decision that must be made within tens of mil-liseconds.Computing depth from two images is a computation-ally intensive task.It involves finding,for every pixel in the left image,the corresponding pixel in the right image.Correct corresponding pixel is defined as the pixel repre-senting the same physical point in the scene.The distance between two corresponding pixels in image coordinates is called the disparity and is inversely proportional to distance.In other words,the nearer a point is to the sensor,the more it will appear to shift between left and right views.In dense stereo depth computation,finding a pixel’s corresponding pixel in the other image requires searching a range of pix-els for a match.As image size,and therefore pixel density,increases,the number of pixel locations searched must in-crease to retain the same operating range.Therefore,foran NxN image,the stereo computation is approximately.Fortunately,the search at every pixel can be ef-fectively parallized.Tyzx has developed a patented architecture for stereodepth computation and implemented it in an ASIC called the DeepSea Processor.This chip enables the computa-tion of3D images with very high frame rates(up to200fps for512x480images)and low power requirements(1 watt),properties that are critical in many applications.Wedescribe the DeepSea Processor in Section2.The chip isthe basis for a stereo vision system,which is described in Section3.We then describe several applications that have been implemented based on this stereo vision system in Sec-tion4including person tracking,obstacle detection for au-tonomous navigation,and gesture recognition.2.DeepSea ProcessorThe design of the DeepSea ASIC is based on a highly paral-lel,pipelined architecture[6,7]that implements the Census stereo algorithm[8].As the input pixels enter the chip,the Census transform is computed at each pixel based on the local neighborhood,resulting in a stream of Census bit vec-tors.At every pixel a summed Hamming distance is used to compare the Census vectors around the pixel to those at52locations in the other image.These comparisons are pipelined,with52comparisons occurring simultaneously. The best match(shortest summed Hamming distance)is lo-cated withfive bits of subpixel precision.The DeepSea Pro-cessor converts the resulting pixel disparity to metric dis-tance measurements using the stereo camera’s calibration parameters and the depth units specified by the user.Under specific imaging conditions,the search for corre-spondence can be restricted to a single scan line rather than a full2D window.This simplification is possible,in the absence of lens distortion,when the imagers are coplanar, their optical axes are parallel,and corresponding scan lines are co-linear.The DeepSea processor requires rectified im-agery(see Section3)to satisfy these criteria with real-world cameras.The DeepSea Processor also evaluates a number of“in-terest operators”and validity checks which are taken into account to determine the confidence of a measurement.One example is the left/right check.A correct measurement should have the same disparity whether the search is ini-tiated in the left image or the right image.Different results indicate an invalid measurement.This check is expensive in software,but easily performed in the DeepSea Processor.2.1.Advantages of the Census TransformOne problem that makes determining stereo correspondence difficult is that the left and right images come from distinct imagers and viewpoints,and hence corresponding regionsX=Pixel to match1=Brighter than X0=Same or darker than XFigure1:Census transform:pixels darker than center are 0’s in bit vector,pixels brighter than center are1’s.in the two images may have differing absolute intensities resulting from distinct internal gains and biases,as well dis-tinct viewing angles.The DeepSea Processor uses the Census transform as its essential building block to compare two pixel neigh-borhoods.The Census transform represents a local image neighborhood in terms of its relative intensity structure. Figure1shows that pixels that are darker than the center are represented as0’s whereas pixels brighter than the cen-ter are represented by1’s.The bit vector is output in row major parisons between two such Census vec-tors are computed as their Hamming distance.Because the Census transform is based on the relative intensity structure of each image it is invariant to gain and bias in the imagers.This makes the stereo matching robust enough that the left and right imagers can,for example,run independent exposure control without impacting the range quality.This is a key advantage for practical deployment.Independent evaluations of stereo correlation methods [5,2,1]have found that Census performs better than clas-sic correlation approaches such as normalized cross corre-lation(NCC),sum of absolute differences(SAD),and sum of squared differences(SSD).2.2.DeepSea Processor performanceThefigure of merit used to evaluate the speed of stereo vi-sion systems is Pixel Disparities per Second(PDS).This is the total number of pixel to pixel comparisons made per sec-ond.This is computed from the area of the image,the width of the disparity search window in pixels,and the frame rate. The DeepSea Processor is capable of2.6billion PDS.This is faster than any other stereo vision system we are aware of by an order of magnitude or more.Additional performance details are summarized in Figure2.DeepSea Processor Specifications512x2048(10bit)52Disparities 5bits 16bit200fps (512x480)1wattFigure 2:DeepSea ProcessorSpecificationsFigure 3:DeepSea Board.3.DeepSea Stereo SystemThe DeepSea Development System is a stereo vision system that employs the DeepSea Processor and is used to develop new stereo vision applications.The DeepSea Stereo Vision System consists of a PCI board which hosts the DeepSea Processor,a stereo camera,and a software API to allow the user to interact with the board in C++from a host PC.Color and range images are transferred to the host PC’s memory via DMA.The DeepSea board (shown in Figure 3)performs com-munication with a stereo camera,onboard image rectifica-tion,and interfaces to a general purpose processor over the PCI bus.Since the host PC does not perform image rectifi-cation and stereo correlation,it is now available for running the user’s applicationcode.Figure 4:Tyzx Stereo Camera Family:5cm,22cm,and 33cm baselines.The DeepSea stereo cameras are self-contained stereo cameras designed to work in conjunction with the DeepSea Board.DeepSea stereo cameras connect directly to the board using a high-speed stereo LVDS link.By directly connecting to the DeepSea system,latency is reduced and the host’s PCI Bus and memory are not burdened with frame-rate,raw,image data.Tyzx has developed a fam-ily of stereo cameras which includes 5cm,22cm,and 33cm lens separations (baselines)as shown in Figure 4.A variety of standard CMOS imagers are used based on application requirements for resolution,speed,color,and shutter type.Each camera is calibrated to define basic imager and lens parameters such as lens distortion and the exact relation-ship between the imagers.These calibration parameters are used by the system to rectify the images.After this trans-formation the images appear distortion free,with co-planar image planes,and with corresponding scan lines aligned.The frame rate of any given system configuration will vary based on the capabilities of the mon con-figurations include:Omnivision:image sizes 400x300to 512x512,frame rates of 30fps to 60fps,colorNational:image sizes 320x240to 512x480,frame rate of 30fps,high dynamic rangeMicron:image sizes 320x240to 512x480,frame rates of 47fps to 90fps,Freeze frame shutter4.Applications of Tyzx Stereo SensorsTracking people in the context of security systems is one application that is ideal for fast 3D sensors.The Tyzx dis-tributed 3D person tracking system was the first application built based on the Tyzx stereo system.The fast frame rates simplify the matching of each person’s location from frame to frame.The direct measurements of the 3D location of each person create more robust results than systems based on 2D images alone.We also use a novel background mod-eling technique that makes full use of color and depth data [3,4]that contributes to robustness of tracking in the con-text of changing lighting.The fact that each stereo camera is already calibrated to produce absolute 3D measurements greatly simplifies the process of registering the cameras to each other and the world during installation.An example of tracking results is shown in Figure 5.The right image shows a plan view of the location of all the people in a large room;on the left these tracked locations are shown overlaid on the left view from each of four networked stereo cameras.Fast 3D data is also critical for obstacle detection in au-tonomous navigation.Scanning laser based sensors have been the de facto standard in this role for some time.How-ever,stereo sensors now present a real alternative becauseFigure 5:Tracking people in a large space based on a net-work of four Tyzx stereo integratedsensors.Figure 6:CMU’s Sandstorm autonomous vehicle.Tyzx DeepSea Stereo sensor is mounted in the white dome.of faster frame rates,full image format,and their passive nature.Figure 6shows a Tyzx DeepSea stereo system mounted on the Carnegie Mellon Red Team’s Sandstorm autonomous vehicle in the recent DARPA Grand Challenge Race.Sensing and reacting to a user’s gestures is a valuable control method for many applications such as interactive computer games and tele-operation of industrial or con-sumer products.Any interactive application is very sensi-tive to the time required to sense and understand the user’s motions.If too much time passes between the motion of the user and the reaction of the system,the application will seem sluggish and unresponsive.Consider for example the control of a drawing program.The most common inter-face used for this task is a mouse -which typically reports its position 100to 125times per second.In Figure 7we show an example in which a user controls a drawing ap-plication with her fingertip instead of a mouse.The 3D position of the figure tip is computed from a stereo range image and a greyscale image.The finger position is tracked relative to the plane of the table top.When the finger tip ap-proaches the surface of the table,the virtual mouse button is depressed.Motion of the figure tip along the table is con-sidered a drag.The finger moving away from the surface is interpreted as the release of the button.In this application,a narrow baseline stereo camera is used to achieve an op-erating range of 2to 3feet from the sensor with 3D spatial accuracy ofmm.Figure 7:Using 3D tracking of the finger tip as a virtual mouse to control a drawing application.Inset shows left imageview.Figure 8:Tyzx Integrated Stereo System.Self containedstereo camera,processor,and general purpose CPU.5.Future Directions and ConclusionsTyzx high speed stereo systems make it practical to bring high speed 3D data into many applications.Integration of the DeepSea Board with a general purpose processor creates a smart 3D sensing platform -reducing footprint,costs,power,and increasing deployability.Figure 8shows a prototype stand-alone stereo system,incorporating a stereo camera,DeepSea Board,and a general purpose CPU.This device requires only power and ethernet connections for de-ployment.The processing is performed close to the image sensor,including both the computation of 3D image data and the application specific processing of these 3D images.Only the low bandwidth results,e.g.object location co-ordinates or dimensions,are sent over the network.Even higher performance levels and further reductions in foot-print and power are planned.In the future we envision a powerful networked 3D sensing platform no larger than the stereo camera itself.AcknowledgmentsTyzx thanks SAIC for providing the Tyzx stereo system to Carnegie Mellon for their Sandstorm Autonomous Vehicle. 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