2018年大学生英语四级考试阅读理解备考试题-优秀word范文 (3页)

2018四级考试和答案2018年大学英语四级考试真题及答案Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic "The Importance of Reading Classics". You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.【范文】The Importance of Reading ClassicsReading classics is of great significance to us. Firstly, it allows us to gain knowledge and wisdom from the past. Classics are the crystallization of human wisdom, and they provide us with a wealth of knowledge and experience. By reading classics, we can learn from the past and avoid repeating the same mistakes.Secondly, reading classics helps us to improve our language skills. Classics are often written in a beautiful and eloquent language, whichcan help us to enhance our language proficiency and express ourselves more effectively.Lastly, reading classics can cultivate our character and temperament. Many classics contain profound thoughts and ideas, which can inspire us to think deeply and become better individuals.In conclusion, reading classics is of great importance to us. It not only enriches our knowledge and wisdom but also helps us to improve our language skills and cultivate our character.Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once, and they will not appear in your test paper. Answer the questions on the basis of what you hear.Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1. What is the news report mainly about?A) A new species of dinosaurs.B) A newly discovered dinosaur fossil.C) A new theory about dinosaur extinction.D) A new discovery about dinosaur habits.2. What did the scientists discover from the fossil?A) The dinosaur's age.B) The dinosaur's cause of death.C) The dinosaur's living environment.D) The dinosaur's diet.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3. What is the main topic of the news report?A) A new policy on immigration.B) A new law on environmental protection.C) A new regulation on wildlife trade.D) A new initiative on public health.4. What was the immediate effect of the policy?A) A decrease in illegal wildlife trade.B) An increase in wildlife protection efforts.C) A rise in public awareness of wildlife issues.D) A drop in the number of endangered species.Questions 5 and 6 are based on the news report you have just heard.5. What is the news report mainly about?A) A new technology for solar energy.B) A new method for energy conservation.C) A new discovery in renewable energy.D) A new approach to energy production.6. What is the advantage of the new technology?A) It is cost-effective.B) It is environmentally friendly.C) It is highly efficient.D) It is widely applicable.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once, and they will not appear in your test paper. Answer the questions on the basis of what you hear.Conversation One7. What is the man's problem?A) He can't find his appointment.B) He can't make an appointment.C) He can't cancel his appointment.D) He can't change his appointment.8. What does the woman suggest the man do?A) Call the doctor's office.B) Wait for the next available appointment.C) Visit the doctor's office in person.D) Reschedule his appointment online.9. What is the man's concern?A) He might miss his appointment.B) He might have to pay a fee.C) He might not be able to see the doctor.D) He might have to wait a long time.10. What will the woman do for the man?A) She will call the doctor's office.B) She will find another doctor for him.C) She will help him make a new appointment.D) She will check if there is a cancellation. Conversation Two11. What is the woman's opinion about the new policy?A) It is too strict.B) It is too lenient.C) It is fair.D) It is unnecessary.12. What does the man think about the new policy?A) It is effective.B) It is too harsh.C) It is reasonable.D) It is too lenient.13. What is the woman's concern about the new policy?A) It might lead to more cheating.B) It might cause more stress.C) It might lead to more complaints.D) It might cause more confusion.14. What does the man suggest the woman do?A) Talk to the professor.B) Ignore the new policy.C) Voice her concerns.D) Follow the new policy.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once, and they will not appear in your test paper. Answer the questions on the basis of what you hear.Passage One15. What is the main topic of the passage?A) The benefits of exercise.B) The importance of a healthy diet.C) The effects of stress on health.D) The role of sleep in health.16. What does the passage suggest about sleep?A) It is more important than diet and exercise.B) It can help reduce stress and improve health.C) It is often overlooked as a health factor.D) It is not as important as diet and exercise.17. What is the relationship between sleep and stress?A) Lack of sleep can cause stress.B) Stress can lead to lack of sleep.C) Sleep and stress have no connection.D) Sleep can help reduce stress.Passage Two18. What is the main topic of the passage?A) The impact of technology on education.B) The role of technology in the workplace.C) The influence of technology on communication.D) The effects of technology on society.19. What does the passage suggest about technology?A) It has both positive and negative effects.B) It has completely changed the world.C) It has made life easier and more convenient.D) It has made life more complex and challenging.20. What is the author's opinion about technology?A) It is a double-edged sword.B) It is a necessary evil.C) It is a force for good.D) It is a threat to society.Passage Three21. What is the main topic of the passage?A) The importance of goal setting.B) The role of motivation in success.C) The process of achieving success.D) The factors that contribute to success.22. What does the passage suggest about success?A) It requires hard work and determination.B) It is a result of luck and chance.C) It is a matter of personal perspective.D) It is a result of external factors.23. What is the relationship between goal setting and success?A) Goal setting is essential for success.B) Success is not dependent on goal setting.C) Goal setting can hinder success.D) Success is unrelated to goal setting.24. What is the author's opinion about motivation?A) It is the key to success.B) It is not important for success.C) It is more important than goal setting.D) It is less important than goal setting.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from the four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Fill in each blank with the correct word.PassageThe world is full of people who are (25) _______ to achieve great things but never do. They have plenty of (26) _______ and ability, but they are (27) _______ by their lack of ambition. They are (28) _______ to settle for mediocrity. They are (29) _______ to be content with the status quo. They are (30) _______ to take risks. They are (31) _______ to make sacrifices. They are (32) _______ to put in the hard work required to achieve success.The (33) _______ is that success is not easy. It requires (34)_______ and effort. It requires (35) _______ and determination. But itis (36) _______ that success is possible. With the right mindset and the willingness to (37) _______, anyone can achieve great things.25. A) capable B) willing C) eager D) ready26. A) dreams B) goals C) plans D) ideas27. A) limited B) held C) trapped D) confined28. A) content B) willing C) eager D) ready29. A) happy B) willing C) eager D) ready30. A) afraid B) reluctant C) scared D) hesitant31. A) afraid B) reluctant C) scared D) hesitant32. A) unable B) unwilling C) incapable D) unfit33. A) truth B) fact C) reality D) situation34. A) time B) money C) energy D) resources35. A) focus B) discipline C) organization D) structure36. A) certain B) possible C) likely D) probable37. A) try B) work C) strive D) fightSection BDirections: In this section, you will read three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them, there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information provided in the passage.Passage One38. What is the main idea of the passage?A) The importance of self-confidence.B) The role of self-confidence in success.C) The relationship between self-confidence and success.D) The impact of self-confidence on personal growth.39. According to the passage, what is the first step to building self-confidence?A) Setting realistic goals.B) Taking action towards your goals.C) Believing in your abilities.D) Seeking feedback from others.40. What is the relationship between self-confidence and success?A) Self-confidence is a result of success.B) Success is a result of self-confidence.C) Self-confidence and success are unrelated.D) Self-confidence and success are interdependent.Passage Two41. What is the main topic of the passage?A) The benefits of exercise.B) The importance of a healthy diet.C) The effects of stress on health.D) The role of sleep in health.42. What does the passage suggest about sleep?A) It is more important than diet and exercise.B) It can help reduce stress and improve health.C) It is often overlooked as a health factor.D) It is not as important as diet and exercise.43. What is the relationship between sleep and stress?A) Lack of sleep can cause stress.B) Stress can lead to lack of sleep.C) Sleep and stress have no connection.D) Sleep can help reduce stress.Passage Three44. What is the main idea of the passage?A) The importance of goal setting.B) The role of motivation in success.C) The process of achieving success.D) The factors that contribute to success.45. What does the passage suggest about success?A) It requires hard work and determination.B) It is a result of luck and chance.C) It is a matter of personal perspective.D) It is a result of external factors.46. What is the relationship between goal setting and success?A) Goal setting is essential for success.B) Success is not dependent on goal setting.C) Goal setting can hinder success.D) Success is unrelated to goal setting.47. What is the author's opinion about motivation?A) It is the key to success.B) It is not important for success.C) It is more important than goal setting.D) It is less important than goal setting.Part IV Translation (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese to English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.随着科技的发展，移动支付在中国变得越来越流行。

2018年四级长篇阅读2018年四级长篇阅读：人工智能的崛起和挑战人工智能（Artificial Intelligence，简称AI）是当代科技领域最热门的话题之一。

随着科技的不断进步，人工智能正逐渐走入我们的日常生活，并对人类社会产生了深远的影响。

然而，人工智能的崛起也带来了一系列的挑战和问题。

人工智能在各个领域的广泛应用已经改变了我们的生活方式。

在医疗领域，人工智能能够辅助医生进行诊断，提高疾病的识别准确率。

在交通领域，自动驾驶技术正在逐渐普及，这将极大地提升交通安全性和效率。

在教育领域，人工智能能够根据学生的学习情况进行个性化教学，提高学习效果。

然而，人工智能的崛起也引发了人们对于人类工作岗位的担忧。

有人担心，随着人工智能的发展，很多传统的工作岗位将被取代，导致大量的失业问题。

人工智能的发展也带来了一些伦理道德问题。

例如，人工智能在军事领域的应用引发了人们对于自主武器系统的担忧。

如果人工智能能够独立决策和执行任务，将会给国际安全局势带来巨大的不确定性。

另外，人工智能的算法可能存在偏见和歧视性，这可能会对社会的公平性和正义性造成威胁。

因此，我们需要制定相关的法律和道德准则来规范人工智能的应用。

人工智能的发展也带来了信息安全和隐私保护的问题。

随着人工智能技术的进步，我们的个人信息和隐私正面临着巨大的风险。

例如，人工智能技术可以通过分析大量的个人数据来预测人们的行为和喜好，这可能会导致个人隐私受到侵犯。

此外，黑客利用人工智能技术进行网络攻击的风险也在不断增加。

因此，我们需要加强对于信息安全和隐私保护的研究和防范。

人工智能的崛起给人类社会带来了巨大的机遇和挑战。

我们应该充分利用人工智能的优势，同时也要关注其潜在的风险和问题。

只有在科技和人类的共同努力下，才能实现人工智能的健康发展，并为人类社会带来更多的福祉。

让我们共同面对人工智能时代的挑战，创造一个更加美好的未来。

本文部分内容来自网络整理，本司不为其真实性负责，如有异议或侵权请及时联系，本司将立即删除！== 本文为word格式，下载后可方便编辑和修改！ ==英语四级阅读之选项排除法很多事情都是有方法可循的，英语四级阅读也是一样。

下面小编为大家整理了英语四级阅读之选项排除法，希望能帮到大家！一）结合文章主旨和主题做排除在解答个别较困难的题目时，除了应用以上排除原则外，还可以结合全文主旨和主题来排除选项作答，有时可大大简化做题的难度。

例如201X年6月四级考试Passage1 Q60：What does Alec Webley consider to be the "definition of integration"?原文相关句："One of the great things about freshman housing is that, with some exceptions, the process throws you together randomly," said Undergraduate Assembly chairman Alec Webley. "This is the definition of integration."题目选项：A) Students of different races are required to share room.B) Interracial lodging is arranged by the school for freshmen.C) Lodging is assigned to students of different races without exception.D) The school randomly assigns roommates without regard to race.首先，C)选项without exception与原文相关句表述"with some exceptions"正好相反，排除。

2018年专四作文真题范文及答案英文回答：Introduction.The Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) is transforming the world as we know it. It has brought about significant advancements in technology, from artificial intelligence (AI) to robotics, and has had a profound impact on the way we live, work, and interact with the world around us. However, the ethical implications of these technological advancements have become a source of concern, as they raise questions about the potential impact on human well-being and society as a whole.Body Paragraph 1: Potential Benefits.The 4IR has the potential to bring about numerous benefits for society. For instance, AI and robotics can be used to automate repetitive tasks, freeing up human workersto focus on more creative and fulfilling activities. Moreover, technological advancements such as telemedicine and remote work options can improve access to healthcare and education for individuals in remote or underserved areas. The 4IR can also contribute to economic growth and job creation, as it creates new industries andopportunities for entrepreneurship.Body Paragraph 2: Ethical Concerns.However, the 4IR also presents a number of ethical concerns that need to be carefully considered. One major concern is job displacement, as automation and AI technologies have the potential to replace human workers in various industries. This could lead to widespread unemployment and economic inequality. Another ethical issue is the use of AI in decision-making processes, which raises questions about bias and transparency. For example, AI systems used in criminal justice or healthcare may perpetuate existing social biases and lead to unfair outcomes.Body Paragraph 3: Balancing Benefits and Risks.In order to harness the benefits of the 4IR while mitigating its ethical risks, it is crucial for governments, businesses, and individuals to work together and develop a comprehensive ethical framework. This framework should include clear guidelines on the use of AI and robotics, as well as measures to address job displacement and promote social equity. Moreover, it is important to invest in education and lifelong learning opportunities to ensurethat individuals are equipped with the skills needed to thrive in the 4IR job market.Conclusion.The 4IR is a transformative force that has thepotential to shape the future of society. While it presents both potential benefits and ethical concerns, it isessential to engage in thoughtful and informed discussions about its implications. By balancing the benefits with the risks and developing a comprehensive ethical framework, we can harness the power of the 4IR to create a more just andequitable future for all.中文回答：引言：第四次工业革命（4IR）正在以前所未有的方式改变着世界。

19.02Part IIIReading Comprehension (40minutes)Section A Directions:In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the centre.You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Millions die early from air pollution each year.Air pollution costs the global economy more than $5trillionannuallyinwelfarecosts,withthemostserious26occurringinthedevelopingworld.The figures include a number of costs27with air pollution.Lost income alone amounts to $225billion a year.The report includes both indoor and outdoor air pollution.Indoor pollution,which includes 28like home heating and cooking,has remained 29over the past several decades despite advances in the area.Levels of outdoor pollution have grown rapidly along with rapid growth in industry and transportation.Director of Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation Chris Murray30it as an “urgent call to action.”“One of the risk factors for premature deaths is the air we breathe,over which individuals have little31,”he said.The effects of air pollution are worst in the developing world,where in some places lost -labor income 32nearly 1%of GDP.Around 9in 10people in low -and middle -income countries live inplaces where they 33experience dangerous levels of outdoor air pollution.But the problem is not limited 34to the developing world.Thousands die prematurely in theU.S.as a result of related illnesses.In many European countries,where diesel (柴油)35have become more common in recent years,that number reaches tens of thousands.A)abilityB)associated C)consciously D)constant E)controlF)damage G)described H)equals I)exclusivelyJ)innovated K)regularly L)relatesM)sourcesN)undermine O)vehicles Section B Directions:In this section,you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each 2018年12月大学英语四级考试阅读真题于璐笤考试专栏笤19.02statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Food -as -Medicine Movement Is Witnessing Progress[A]Several times a month,you can find a doctor in the aisles of Ralph ’s market in Huntington Beach,California,wearing a white coat and helping people learn about food.On one recent day,this doctor was Daniel Nadeau,wandering the cereal aisle with Allison Scott,giving her some idea on how to feed kids who persistently avoid anything that is healthy.“Have you thought about trying fresh juices in the morning?”he asks her.“The frozen oranges and apples are a little cheaper,and fruits are really good for the brain.Juices are quick and easy to prepare,you can take the frozen fruit out the night before and have it ready the next morning.”[B]Scott is delighted to get food advice from a physician who is program director of the nearby Mary and Dick Allen Diabetes Center,part of the St.Joseph Hoag Health alliance.The center ’s ‘Shop with Your Doc ’program sends doctors to the grocery store to meet with any patients who sign up for the service,plus any other shoppers who happen to be around with questions.[C]Nadeau notices the pre -made macaroni (通心粉)-and -cheese boxes in Scott ’s shopping cart and suggests she switch to whole grain macaroni and real cheese.“So I ’d have to make it?”she asks,her enthusiasm fading at the thought of how long that might take,just to have her kids reject it.“I ’m not sure they ’d eat it.They just won ’t eat it.”[D]Nadeau says sugar and processed foods are big contributors to the rising diabetes rates among children.“In America,over 50percent of our food is processed food,”Nadeau tells her.“And only 5percent of our food is plant -based food.I think we should try to reverse that.”Scott agrees to try more fruit juices for the kids and to make real macaroni and cheese.Score one point for the doctor,zero for diabetes.[E]Nadeau is part of a small revolution developing across California.The food -as -medicine movement has been around for decades,but it ’s making progress as physicians and medical institutions make food a formal part of treatment,rather than relying solely on medications (药物).By prescribing nutritional changes or launching programs such as ‘Shop with your Doc ’,they are trying to prevent,limit or even reverse disease by changing what patients eat.“There ’s no question people can take things a long way toward reversing diabetes,reversing high blood pressure,even preventing cancer by food choices,”Nadeau says.[F]In the big picture,says Dr.Richard Afable,CEO and president of St.Joseph Hoag Health,medical institutions across the state are starting to make a philosophical switch to becoming a health organization,not just a health care organization.That feeling echoes the beliefs笤考试专栏笤19.02of the Therapeutic Food Pantry program at Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital,which completed its pilot phase and is about to expand on an ongoing basis to five clinic sites throughout the city.The program will offer patients several bags of food prescribed for their condition,along with intensive training in how to cook it.“We really want to link food and medicine,and not just give away food,”says Dr.Rita Nguyen,the hospital ’s medical director of Healthy Food Initiatives.“We want people to understand what they ’re eating,how to prepare it,the role food plays in their lives.”[G]In Southern California,Loma Linda University School of Medicine is offering specialized training for its resident physicians in Lifestyle Medicine —that is a formal specialty in using food to treat disease.Research findings increasingly show the power of food to treat or reverse diseases,but that does not mean that diet alone is always the solution,or that every illness can benefit substantially from dietary changes.Nonetheless,physicians say that they look at the collective data and a clear picture emerges:that the salt,sugar,fat and processed foods in the American diet contribute to the nation ’s high rates of obesity,diabetes and heart disease.According to the World Health Organization,80percent of deaths from heart disease and stroke are caused by high blood pressure,tobacco use,elevated cholesterol and low consumption of fruits and vegetables.[H]“It ’s a different paradigm (范式)of how to treat disease,”says Dr.Brenda Rea,who helps run the family and preventive medicine residency program at Loma Linda University School of Medicine.The lifestyle medicine specialty is designed to train doctors in how to prevent and treat disease,in part,by changing patients ’nutritional habits.The medical center and school at Loma Linda also has a food cupboard and kitchen for patients.This way,patients not only learn about which foods to buy,but also how to prepare them at home.[I]Many people don ’t know how to cook,Rea says,and they only know how to heat things up.That means depending on packaged food with high salt and sugar content.So teaching people about which foods are healthy and how to prepare them,she says,can actually transform a patient ’s life.And beyond that,it might transform the health and lives of that patient ’s family.“What people eat can be medicine or poison,”Rea says.“As a physician,nutrition is one of the most powerful things you can change to reverse the effects of long -term disease.”[J]Studies have explored evidence that dietary changes can slow inflammation (炎症),for example,or make the body inhospitable to cancer cells.In general,many lifestyle medicine physicians recommend a plant-based diet —particularly for people with diabetes or otherinflammatory conditions.[K]“As what happened with tobacco,this will require a cultural shift,but that can happen,”says Nguyen.“In the same way physicians used to smoke,and then stopped smoking and wereable to talk to patients about it,I think physicians can have a bigger voice in it.”笤考试专栏笤19.0236.More than half of the food Americans eat is factory-produced.37.There is a special program that assigns doctors to give advice to shoppers in food stores.38.There is growing evidence from research that food helps patients recover from various illnesses.39.A healthy breakfast can be prepared quickly and easily.40.Training a patient to prepare healthy food can change their life.41.One food-as-medicine program not only prescribes food for treatment but teaches patients how to cook it.42.Scott is not keen on cooking food herself,thinking it would simply be a waste of time.43.Diabetes patients are advised to eat more plant-based food.ing food as medicine is no novel idea,but the movement is making headway these days.45.Americans ’high rates of various illnesses result from the way they eat.Section CDirections:There are 2passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C)and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46to 50are based on the following passage.California has been facing a drought for many years now,with certain areas even having to pump freshwater hundreds of miles to their distribution system.The problem is growing as the population of the state continues to expand.New research has found deep water reserves under the state which could help solve their drought crisis.Previous drilling of wells could only reach depths of 1,000feet,but due to new pumping practices,water deeper than this can now be extracted (抽取).The team at Stanford investigated the aquifers (地下蓄水层)below this depth and found that reserves may be triple what was previously thought.It is profitable to drill to depths more than 1,000feet for oil and gas extraction,but only recently in California has it become profitable to pump water from this depth.The aquifers range from 1,000to 3,000feet below the ground,which means that pumping will be expensive and there are other concerns.The biggest concern of pumping out water from this deep is the gradual settling down of the land surface.As the water is pumped out,the vacant space left is compacted by the weight of the earth above.Eventhoughpumpingfromthesedepthsisexpensive,itisstillcheaperthandesalinating(脱盐)the oceanwaterinthelargelycoastalstate.Somedesalinationplantsexistwherefeasible,buttheyarecostly笤考试专栏笤19.02torunandcanneedconstantrepairs.Wellsaremuchmorereliablesourcesoffreshwater,andCalifornia ishopingthatthesedeepwellsmaybetheanswertotheirseverewatershortage.One problem with these sources is that the deep water also has a higher level of salt than shallower aquifers.This means that some wells may even need to undergo desalination after extraction,thus increasing the cost.Research from the exhaustive study of groundwater from over 950drilling logs has just been published.New estimates of the water reserves now go up to 2,700billion cubic meters of freshwater.46.How could California ’s drought crisis be solved according to some researchers?A)By building more reserves of groundwater.B)By drawing water from the depths of the earth.C)By developing more advanced drilling devices.D)By upgrading its water distribution system.47.What can be inferred about extracting water from deep aquifers?A)It was deemed vital to solving the water problem.B)It was not considered worth the expense.C)It may not provide quality freshwater.D)It is bound to gain support from the local people.48.What is mentioned as a consequence of extracting water from deep underground?A)The sinking of land surface.C)The damage to aquifers.B)The harm to the ecosystem.D)The change of the climate.49.What does the author say about deep wells?A)They run without any need for repairs.B)They are entirely free from pollutants.C)They are the ultimate solution to droughts.D)They provide a steady supply of freshwater.50.What may happen when deep aquifers are used as water sources?A)People ’s health may improve with cleaner water.B)People ’s water bills may be lowered considerably.C)The cost may go up due to desalination.D)They may be exhausted sooner or later.Passage TwoQuestions 51to 55are based on the following passage.The AlphaGo program ’s victory is an example of how smart computers have become.But can artificial intelligence (AI)machines act ethically,meaning can they be honest and fair?One example of AI is driverless cars.They are already on California roads,so it is not too soon to 笤考试专栏笤19.02ask whether we can program a machine to act ethically.As driverless cars improve,they will save lives.They will make fewer mistakes than human drivers do.Sometimes,however,they will face a choice between lives.Should the cars be programmed to avoid hitting a child running across the road,even if that will put their passengers at risk?What about making a sudden turn to avoid a dog?What if the only risk is damage to the car itself,not to the passengers?Perhaps there will be lessons to learn from driverless cars,but they are not super-intelligent beings.Teaching ethics to a machine even more intelligent than we are will be the bigger challenge.About the same time as AlphaGo ’s triumph,Microsoft ’s ‘chatbot ’took a bad turn.The software,named Taylor,was designed to answer messages from people aged 18-24.Taylor was supposed to be able to learn from the messages she received.She was designed to slowly improve her ability to handle conversations,but some people were teaching Taylor racist ideas.When she started saying nice things about Hitler,Microsoft turned her off and deleted her ugliest messages.AlphaGo ’s victory and Taylor ’s defeat happened at about the same time.This should be a warning to us.It is one thing to use AI within a game with clear rules and clear goals.It is something very different to use AI in the real world.The unpredictability of the real world may bring to the surface a troubling software problem.Eric Schmidt is one of the bosses of Google,which own AlphoGo.He thinks AI will be positive for humans.He said people will be the winner,whatever the outcome.Advances in AI will make human beings smarter,more able and “just better human beings.”51.What does the author want to show with the example of AlphaGo ’s victory?A)Computers will prevail over human beings.B)Computers have unmatched potential.C)Computers are man ’s potential rivals.D)Computerscanbecomehighlyintelligent.52.What does the author mean by AI machines acting ethically?A)They are capable of predicting possible risks.B)They weigh the gains and losses before reaching a decision.C)They make sensible decisions when facing moral dilemmas.D)They sacrifice everything to save human lives.53.What is said to be the bigger challenge facing humans in the AI age?A)How to make super-intelligent AI machines share human feelings.B)How to ensure that super-intelligent AI machines act ethically.C)How to prevent AI machines doing harm to humans.D)How to avoid being over-dependent on AI machines.54.What do we learn about Microsoft ’s ‘chatbot ’Taylor?A)She could not distinguish good from bad.B)Shecouldturnherselfoffwhennecessary.C)She was not made to handle novel situations.(下转第61页)19.02D)Shewasgoodatperformingroutinetasks.55.What does Eric Schmidt think of artificial intelligence?A)It will be far superior to human beings.B)It will keep improving as time goes by.C)It will prove to be an asset to human beings.D)It will be here to stay whatever the outcome.大学英语参考答案：Section A26.F 27.B28.M 29.D 30.G 31.E32.H 33.K 34.I 35.O Section B36.D 37.B38.G 39.A 40.I 41.F 42.C43.J 44.E45.GSection C46.B47.B48.A 49.D 50.C51.D 52.C53.B54.A 55.C1.A wise man once remarked that “Help oth-ers,and you will be helped when you are in need.”有一位智者曾经说过，“帮助别人，你就会在需要的时候被帮助”。

2018年12月大学英语四级阅读真题选词填空Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension ( 40 minutes)Section A Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage. Millions die early from air pollution each year. Air pollution costs the global economy more than $5 trillion annually in welfare costs, with the most serious 26 occurring in the developing world. The figures include a number of costs 27 with air pollution. Lost income alone amounts to $225 billion a year. The report includes both indoor and outdoor air pollution.Indoor pollution, which includes 28 like home heating and cooking, has remained 29 over the past several decades despite advances in the area. Levels of outdoor pollution have grown rapidly along with rapid growth in industry and transportation. Director of Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation Chris Murray 30 it as an “urgent call to action.”“One of the risk factors for premature deaths is the air we breathe, over which individuals have little 31 ,”he said. The effects of air pollution are worst in the developing world, where in some places lost-labor income 32 nearly 1% of GDP. Around 9 in 10 people in low-andmiddle-income countries live in places where they 33 experience dangerous levels of outdoor air pollution. But the problem is not limited 34 to the developing world. Thousands die prematurely in the . as a result of related illnesses. In many European countries, where diesel(柴油) 35 have become more common in recent years, that number reaches tens of thousands.A)ability B)associated C)consciouslyD)constant E)control F)damage G)describedH)equals I)exclusively J)innovatedK)regularly L)relates M)sourcesN)undermine O)vehicles答案： 26. F damage (损害) 27. B associated (与……有联系) 28. M sources (来源) 29. D constant (不断的，常存在的) 30. G described (描述) 31. E control (控制) 32. H equals (等同于) 33. K regularly (经常地) 34. I exclusively (仅仅，唯一地) 35. O vehicles (车辆)解析：26. F damage 空格所在句子的含义为：空气污染每年在福利费用方面给全球经济造成5万多亿损失，最大的... ...发生在发展中国家。

WORD 资料 .可编辑2018 年 6 月英语四级考试真题及考试答案（卷二）【写作】【题干】Directions:For thi s part , you are allowe d 30 minutes to write a short essay on the importance of writing ability and how to develop it . 120-180words.【答案】Writingis a skill tested in all major standardize d educationa l tests , includin g CET-4/6, TOEFL, IELTS, and so on. But there has been no shortage o f report s from different sources that a large proportion of students, especially college students , have ill-performed writin g skills , earning relatively low scores in tests as well as on school assignments.In my opinion, writing is a crucial skill for students. It is a reliable way by which one impart knowledge , suggest plans , fight for one ’ s idea, refut e a theory, and many other purposes. So if you are good at writing, then you are able t o fulfill the tasks above mentioned more effectively. Besides , noted writes, be they novelists ,poets or editors-in-chief enlighten every generation o f readers wit h newexperiences.That ’ s why readers todaystilldiscuss on and share their opinions on great books such as A Dream in Red Mansions.In a nutshell, few skills are more important than writing in the curren t society.So my suggest would be that every one, college students particular, takes time to hone writing skills, get more practice in it, so that we can live up to the social expectation of becoming socialist successors.【解析】第一段提出问题，第二段描述事实，第三段得出结论或给出建议。

Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an a short easy on the importance of writing ability and how to develop it.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part ⅢReading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices, Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.Since the 1940s, southern California has had a reputation for smog. Things are not as bad as they once were but, according to the American Lung Association, Los Angeles is still the worst city in the United States for levels of (26)_______ Gazing down on the city from the Getty Center, an art museum in the Santa Monica Mountains, one would find the view of the Pacific Ocean blurred by the haze (霾）.Nor is the state's bad air (27)_______ to its south. Fresno, in the central valley, comes top of the list in America for year-round pollution. Residents' hearts and lungs are affected as a (28)_______.All of which, combined with California 's reputation as the home of technological (29)_______ , makes the place ideal for developing and testing systems designed to monitor pollution in (30)_______ And that is just what Aclima, a new firm in San Francisco, has been doing over the past few months. It has been trying out monitoring stations that are (31)_______ to yield minute-to-minute maps of (32)_______ air pollution. Such stations will also be able to keep an eye on what is happening inside buildings, including offices.To this end, Aclima has been (33)_______ with Google's Street View system. Davida Herzl, Aclima's boss, says they have revealed pollution highs on days when San Francisco 's transit workers went onstrike and the city's (34)_______ were forced to use their cars. Conversely, “cycle to their job by (35)_______ pollution lows.Section BDirections:In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Some College Students Are Angry That They Have to Pay to Do Their Homework[A ] Digital learning systems now charge students for access codes needed to complete coursework, takequizzes, and turn in homework. As universities go digital, students are complaining of a new hit to their finances that 's replacing一and sometimes joining—expensive textbooks: pricey online access codes that are required to complete coursework and submit assignments.[B]The codes—which typically range in price from $80 to $ 155 per course—give students online accessto systems developed by education companies like McGraw Hill and Pearson. These companies, which long reaped big profits as textbook publishers, have boasted that their new online offerings，when pushed to students through universities they partner with，represent the future of the industry.[C]But critics say the digital access codes represent the same profit-seeking ethos (观念)of the textbookbusiness, and are even harder for students to opt out of. While they could once buy second-hand textbooks, or share copies with friends, the digital systems are essentially impossible to avoid.[D]“When we talk about access code we see it as the new face of the textbook monopoly (垄断），a newway to lock students around this system，” said Ethan Senack，the higher education advocate for the U. S. Public Interest Re search Group, to BuzzFeed News. “Rather than $250 ( for a print textbook) you，re paying $120，” said Senack. But because it，s all digital it eliminates the used book market and eliminates any sharing and because homework and tests are through an access code, it eliminates any ability to opt out.[E]Sanna Harper, a 19-year-old student at Virginia Tech, was faced with a tough dilemma when she firststarted college in 2015—pay rent or pay to turn in her chemistry homework. She told BuzzFeed News that her freshman chemistry class required her to use Connect, a system provided by McGraw Hill where students can submit homework, take exams and track their grades. But the code to access the program cost $ 120—a big sum for Harper, who had already put down $ 450 for textbooks, and had rent day approaching.[F]She decided to wait for her next work-study paycheck, which was typically $150 - $200, to pay for thecode. She knew that her chemistry grade may take a dive as a result. “It's a balancing act,” she said.“ Can I really afford these access codes now?” She didn 't hand in her first two assignments for chemistry, which started her out in the class with a failing grade.[G ] The access codes may be another financial headache for students, but for textbook businesses, they'rethe future. McGraw Hill, which controls 21% of the higher education market, reported in March that its digital content sales exceeded print sales for the first time in 2015. The company said that 45% of its $140 million revenue in 2015 “was derived from digital products”.[H]A Pearson spokesperson told BuzzFeed News that “digital materials are less expensive and a goodinvestment” that offer new features, like audio texts, personalized knowledge checks and expert videos. Its digital course materials save students up to 60% compared to traditional printed textbooks, the company added. McGraw Hill didn't respond to a request for comment, but its CEO David Levin told the Financial Times in August that “ in higher education, the era of the printed textbo ok is now over”.[I]The textbook industry insists the online systems represent a better deal for students. “These digitalproducts aren 't just mechanisms for students to submit homework, they offer all kinds of features,n David Anderson, the executive director of higher education with the Association of American Publishers, told BuzzFeed News. w It helps students understand in a way that you can 't do with print homework assignments. ”[J]David Hunt, an associate professor in sociology at Augusta University, which has rolled out digital textbooks across its math and psychology departments, told BuzzFeed News that he understands the utility of using systems that require access codes. But he doesn't require his students to buy access toa learning program that controls the class assignments. “I try to make things as inexpensive aspossible,” said Hunt, who uses free digital textbooks for his classes but designs his own curriculum.“ The online systems may make my life a lot ea sier but I feel like I 'm giving up control. The discussions are the things where my expertise can benefit the students most. ”K] A 20-year-old junior at Georgia Southern University told BuzzFeed News that she normally spends $500 - $600 on access codes for class. In one case, the professor didn't require students to buy a textbook, just an access code to turn in homework. This year she said she spent $900 on access codes to books and programs. “That's two months of rent,” she said. “You can't sell any of it back. With a traditional textbook you can sell it for $30 - $50 and that helps to pay for your new semester's books.With an access code, you're out of that money. ''[L]Benjamin Wolverton, a 19-year-old student at the University of South Carolina, told BuzzFeed News that “ it 's ridiculous that after paying tens of thousands in tuition we have to pay for all these access codes to do our homework” • Many of the access codes he 's purchased have been required simply to complete homework or quizzes. “Often it's only 10% of your grade in class，” he said. “You're paying so much money for something that hardly affects your grade一but if you didn 't have it，it would affect your grade enough. It would be bad to start out at a B or C. n Wolverton said he spent $500 on access codes for digital books and programs this semester.[M] Harper, a poultry (家禽）science major, is taking chemistry again this year and had to buy a new access code to hand in her homework. She rented her economics and statistics textbooks for about $20 each. But her access codes for homework, which can't be rented or bought second-hand, were hermost expensive purchases: $120 and $85.[N ] She still remembers the sting of her first experience skipping an assignment due to the high prices.“We don't really have a missed assignment policy，” she said. “If you miss it，you just miss it. I just got zeros on a couple of first assignments. I managed to pull everything back up. But as a scared freshman looking at their grades，it's not fun.”36.A student's yearly expenses on access codes may amount to their rent for two months.37.The online access codes may be seen as a way to tie the students to the digital system.38.If a student takes a course again, they may have to buy a new access code to submit their assignments.39.McGraw Hill accounts for over one-fifth of the market share of college textbooks.40.Many traditional textbook publishers are now offering online digital products, which they believe will be the future of the publishing business.41.One student complained that they now had to pay for access codes in addition to the high tuition.42.Digital materials can cost students less than half the price of traditional printed books according to a publisher.43.One student decided not to buy her access code until she received the pay for her part-time job.44.Online systems may deprive teachers of opportunities to make the best use of their expertise for their students.45.Digital access codes are criticized because they are profit-driven just like the textbook business. Section CDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.For thousands of years, people have known that the best way to understand a concept is to explain itto someone else. While we teach，we learn，”said Roman philosopher Seneca. Now scientists are bringing this ancient wisdom up-to-date. They re documenting why teaching is such a fruitful way to learn, and designing innovative ways for young people to engage in instruction.Researchers have found that students who sign up to tutor others work harder to understand the material, recall it more accurately and apply it more effectively. Student teachers score higher on tests than pupils who 're learning only for their own sake. But how can children, still learning themselves, teach others? One answer: They can tutor younger kids. Some studies have found that first-born children are more intelligent than their later-bom siblings (兄弟姐妹）.This suggests their higher IQs result from the time they spend teaching their siblings. Now educators are experimenting with ways to apply this model to academic subjects. They engage college undergraduates to teach computer science to high school students, who in turn instruct middle school students on the topic.But the most cutting-edge tool under development is the “ teachable agent ” —a computerized character who learns, tries, makes mistakes and asks questions just like a real-world pupil. Computer scientists have created an animated (动画的）figure called Betty's Brain, who has been “taught” about environmental science by hundreds of middle school students. Student teachers are motivated to help Betty master certain materials. While preparing to teach, they organize their knowledge and improve their own understanding. And as they explain the information to it, they identify problems in their own thinking.Feedback from the teachable agents further enhances the tutors 'learning. The agents 'questions compel student tutors to think and explain the materials in different ways, and watching the agent solve problems allows them to see their knowledge put into action.Above all，it 's the emotions one experiences in teaching that facilitate learning. Student tutors feel upset when their teachable agents fail，but happy when these virtual pupils succeed as they derive pride and satisfaction from someone else 's accomplishment.46. What are researchers rediscovering through their studies?A)Seneca's thinking is still applicable today.B)Better learners will become better teachers.C)Human intelligence tends to grow with age.D)Philosophical thinking improves instruction.47. What do we learn about Betty's Brain?A)It is a character in a popular animation.B)It is a teaching tool under development.C)It is a cutting-edge app in digital games.D)It is a tutor for computer science students.48. How does teaching others benefit student tutors?A)It makes them aware of what they are strong at.B)It motivates them to try novel ways of teaching.C)It helps them learn their academic subjects better.D)It enables them to better understand their teachers.49.What do students do to teach their teachable agents?A)They motivate them to think independently.B)They ask them to design their own questions.C)They encourage them to give prompt feedback.D)They use various ways to explain the materials.50.What is the key factor that eases student tutors' learning?A)Their sense of responsibility.B)Their emotional involvement.C)The learning strategy acquired.D)The teaching experience gained.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.A new batch of young women—members of the so-called Millennial (千禧的)generation has been entering the workforce for the past decade. At the starting line of their careers, they are better educated than their mothers and grandmothers had been—or than their young male counterparts are now. But when they look ahead，they see roadblocks to their success. They believe that women are paid less than men for doing the same j ob. They think it’s easier for men to get top executive jobs than it is for them. Andthey assume that if and when they have children, it will be even harder for them to advance in their careers.While the public sees greater workplace equality between men and women now than it did 20 - 30 years ago, most believe more change is needed. Among Millennial women, 75% say this country needs to continue making changes to achieve gender equality in the workplace, compared with 57% of Millennial men. Even so, relatively few young women (15%) say they have been discriminated against at work because of their gender.As Millennial women come of age they share many of the same views and values about work as their male counterparts. They want jobs that provide security and flexibility, and they place relatively little importance on high pay. At the same time, however, young working women are less likely than men to aim at top management jobs: 34% say they’ re not interested in becoming a boss or top manager；only 24% of young men say the same. The gender gap on this question is even wider among working adults in their 30s and 40s, when many women face the trade-offs that go with work and motherhood.These findings are based on a new Pew Research Center survey of 2,002 adults, including 810 Millennial (ages 18 -32)，conducted Oct. 7 - 27, 2013. The survey finds that, in spite of the dramatic gains women have made in educational attainment and labor force participation in recent decades, young women view this as a man’s world—just as middle-aged and older women do.51.What do we learn from the first paragraph about Millennial women starting their careers?A)They can get ahead only by striving harder.B)They expect to succeed just like Millennial men.C)They are generally quite optimistic about their future.D)They are better educated than their male counterparts.52.How do most Millennial women feel about their treatment in the workplace?A)They are the target of discrimination.B)They find it satisfactory on the whole.C)They think it needs further improving.D)They find their complaints ignored.53.What do Millennial women value most when coming of age?A)A sense of accomplishment.B)Job stability and flexibility.C)Rewards and promotions.D)Joy derived from work.54.What are women in their 30s and 40s concerned about?A)The welfare of their children.B)The narrowing of the gender gap.C)The fulfillment of their dreams in life.D)The balance between work and family.55.What conclusion can be drawn about Millennial women from the 2013 survey?A)They still view this world as one dominated by males.B)They account for half the workforce in the job market.C)They see the world differently from older generations.D)They do better in work than their male counterparts.P art IV Translation (30 minutes) Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.公交车曾是中国人出行的主要交通工具。

2018年6月英语四级听力词汇阅读翻译作文真题试卷及答案英语四级答案出炉（试卷一）2018年6月英语四级听力原文：试卷一短篇新闻1News report 1A message in a bottle sent out to sea by a New Hampshire man more than five decades ago was found 1,500 miles away. And it has been returned to his daughter. A long-last message was discovered by Clint Buffington of Utah while he was vacationing. Buffington says he found a soda bottle half-buried in the sand that looked like it had been there since the beginning of time. The note inside the bottle said, 'Return to 419 Ocean Street, and receive a reward of $150 from Richard and Tina Pierce, owners of a beachcomber motel/ The motel was owned by the parents of Paula Piece in 1960. Her father had written the note as a joke and had thrown it into the Atlantic Ocean. Buffington flew to New Hampshire to deliver the message to Paula Piece.She held up to her father's promise, giving Buffington that reward. But the biggest reward is the message in the bottle fin ding its way back home.Question 1. What is the news report mainly about?Question 2. Why did Paula Piece give Clint Buffington the reward?2018年6月英语四级听力原文：试卷一长对话1M: Do you feel like going out tonight?W: yeah, why not? We haven't been out for ages! Whafs on?M: Well, there is a film about climate change・ Dose it sound good to you?W: Oh, not really. It doesn5t really appeal to me. Whafs it about? Just climate change?M: I think ifs about how climate change affects everyday life.I wonder how they make it entertaining.W: Well, it sounds really awful. Ifs an important subject, I agree. But I'm not in the mood for anything depressing. What else is on?M: There's a Spanish dance festival.W: Oh, I love dance. That sounds really interesting.M: apparently, ifs absolutely brilliant. Let's see what it says in the paper. Anna Gomez leads in an exciting production of a great Spanish love story, Carmen.W: Okay then, what time is it on?M: at 7:30W: well, thafs no good. We haven't got enough time to get there. Is there anything else?M: There's a comedy special on.W: where is it on?M: It's at the city theater. Ifs a charity comedy night with lots of different acts・ It looks pretty good・ The critic in the local paper says it's the funniest things he's ever seen. It says here Roger white head is an amazing host to a night a fun performances・W: Hummm, Tm not keen on him. He is not very funny.M: Are you sure you fancy going out tonight? You are notvery enthusiastic.W: Perhaps you are right. Okay, lets go see the dance. Buttomorrow, not tonight.M: Great, 111 book the tickets online.Q8: What dose the woman think about climate change?Q9: Why do the speakers give up going to the Spanish dance festival tonight?Q10: What dose the credit says about the comedy performed in the city theater?Q11: What does the woman decide to do tomorrow?英语四级选词填空原文及答案26 pollutants27 restricted28 consequence29 innovation30 detail31 intended32 outdoor33 collaborating34 in habitants35 creating【原文】过去，乘飞机出行对大多数中国人来说是难以想象的。

2018 年6 月大学生英语四级真题试题一(完整版)Part I Writing (30 minutes) (请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an a short easy on the importance of speaking ability and how to develop it.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes) Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and questions will be spoken only once. After you hear questions, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

Questions 1 to 2 are based on the new report you have just heard.1.A) The return of a bottled message to its owner'saughter.B)A New Hampshire man's joke with friends on hiswife.C)A father's message for his daughter.D)The history of a century-old motel.2.A) She wanted to show gratitude for his kindness.B)She wanted to honor her father's promise.C)She had been asked by her father to do so.D)She was excited to see her father's handwriting.Questions 3 to 4 are based on the new report you have just heard。