mitral valve replacement through transverse aortotomy
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AorticandMitralValveReplacement
Through
aSingle
TransverseAortotomy:AUseftlApproachinDifficultMitralValveExposure
MichaelJ.
Carmichael,M.D.,
DentonA.Cooley,M.D.,andArsenioS.Favor,M.D.
Replacementofthemitralvalvethroughastandardverticalleft
atriotomyin
patientsrequiringbothaorticandmitralvalvereplacementcanbe
verydifficult.
Thisisespeciallytrueinpatientswhohaveundergone
previousmedian
sternot-
omy.Replacementofthemitralvalvethroughthe
aortic
rootafterexcisionofthe
aorticvalveisdescribed
intwo
casereports.
This
isaconvenient
approachwhen
traditionalexposureofthemitralvalve
is
impractical
inpatientsrequiring
double
valvereplacement.
COMBINEDaorticandmitralvalve
replacementtraditionallyentailstwo
separateincisionstovisualizethevalve
ap-
paratus.Thetechniqueemployedby
most
cardiacsurgeonsinvolves
amedian
ster-
notomyandexposureoftheaorticvalve
throughatransverseor
obliqueaortotomy.
Themitralapparatusisbestvisualized
throughaverticalleftatriotomy
posterior
totheinteratrialsulcus
(Sundergaard's
groove).1Alternativeapproachestothe
mitralvalveviamediansternotomyin-
cludeparallelleft
and
rightatriotomies
withdivisionof
the
septumas
describedby
Brawley,2andthe
superior
approachbe-
tweentheaortaand
superior
venacavaas
describedbyMeyerandassociates.3Rea-
sonscitedforusingthe
alternative
ap-
proachesinclude:(1)previousleft
atriotomy,(2)asmall
left
atrium,and
(3)
severeventricularhypertrophy.Two
pa-
tientswhorequireddoublevalve
replace-
ment,andinwhomtheabove-mentioned
alternativeapproachestothemitralvalve
werenotfeasible,underwentmitralvalve
replacementviathetransverseaortotomy
andaorticroot.
CaseReportsCase1
A44-year-oldmanhad
anepisodeof
bacterialendocarditis,wastreatedmedi-
cally,and
wasfound
tohave
ananeurysm
ofthe
ascendingthoracic
aortaandaortic
andmitralvalveinsufficiency.He
wasre-
ferredtothisinstitutionfor
evaluationand
surgicaltreatment.Onadmission,the
pa-
tienthadatemperatureof
99.6°F.Neck
examinationrevealedbilateralboundingcarotidpulses.Oncardiac
examination,
therewasa
diastolicthrillofaorticinsuffi-
ciencyandasoftGrade2/6systolic
mur-
murofmitralinsufficiency.Therewas
basilarpulmonarycrepitusuponexamina-
TexasHeartInstituteJournalFromtheTexasHeartInstituteofSt.Luke's
Episcopal
andTexas
Children's
Hospitals,
Houston,Texas.
Addressforreprznts:Denton
A.
Cooley,M.D.,
Surgeon-in-Chief
TexasHeartInstitute,
PO.
Box20345,Hous-
ton,Texas77225.
415tionofthechest.
Cardiacangiogramstud-
iesshowedapicalleftventricularhypo-kinesiawithhypertrophy,aorticdilatation,
andaorticand
mitralinsufficiency.
Thepatientunderwent
an
operationinMarch1983,withresectionoftheascend-ingaorticaneurysm.Themitralvalvewasreplacedwitha31-mmSt.Judeprostheticvalvethroughtheaorticroot.Theaorticvalveandascendingaortawererecon-structedwitha25-mmBjork-Shileycom-positegraft.4Severalperforationswerenotedintheanteriorleafletofthemitralvalve,and
cysticmedialnecrosiswith
an-
nulo-aorticectasiawas
confirmedbyre-
sultsofthepathologicalexaminationofthe
ascendingaorta.
Thepatient
madeanun-
eventfulpostoperativerecovery.
Fig.1(A)Exposureofthemitralvalvethroughtheaorticrootafterexcisionof
theaorticvalve.
(B)Excisionofthemitralvalve.
(CandD)Placementofthemitralvalveprosthesis
through
theaorticroot
by
using
acontinuous
suture.Theimplantationcouldalsobedonewithinterruptedsutures.
Vol.10,No.4,December1983416