mitral valve replacement through transverse aortotomy

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AorticandMitralValveReplacement

Through

aSingle

TransverseAortotomy:AUseftlApproachinDifficultMitralValveExposure

MichaelJ.

Carmichael,M.D.,

DentonA.Cooley,M.D.,andArsenioS.Favor,M.D.

Replacementofthemitralvalvethroughastandardverticalleft

atriotomyin

patientsrequiringbothaorticandmitralvalvereplacementcanbe

verydifficult.

Thisisespeciallytrueinpatientswhohaveundergone

previousmedian

sternot-

omy.Replacementofthemitralvalvethroughthe

aortic

rootafterexcisionofthe

aorticvalveisdescribed

intwo

casereports.

This

isaconvenient

approachwhen

traditionalexposureofthemitralvalve

is

impractical

inpatientsrequiring

double

valvereplacement.

COMBINEDaorticandmitralvalve

replacementtraditionallyentailstwo

separateincisionstovisualizethevalve

ap-

paratus.Thetechniqueemployedby

most

cardiacsurgeonsinvolves

amedian

ster-

notomyandexposureoftheaorticvalve

throughatransverseor

obliqueaortotomy.

Themitralapparatusisbestvisualized

throughaverticalleftatriotomy

posterior

totheinteratrialsulcus

(Sundergaard's

groove).1Alternativeapproachestothe

mitralvalveviamediansternotomyin-

cludeparallelleft

and

rightatriotomies

withdivisionof

the

septumas

describedby

Brawley,2andthe

superior

approachbe-

tweentheaortaand

superior

venacavaas

describedbyMeyerandassociates.3Rea-

sonscitedforusingthe

alternative

ap-

proachesinclude:(1)previousleft

atriotomy,(2)asmall

left

atrium,and

(3)

severeventricularhypertrophy.Two

pa-

tientswhorequireddoublevalve

replace-

ment,andinwhomtheabove-mentioned

alternativeapproachestothemitralvalve

werenotfeasible,underwentmitralvalve

replacementviathetransverseaortotomy

andaorticroot.

CaseReportsCase1

A44-year-oldmanhad

anepisodeof

bacterialendocarditis,wastreatedmedi-

cally,and

wasfound

tohave

ananeurysm

ofthe

ascendingthoracic

aortaandaortic

andmitralvalveinsufficiency.He

wasre-

ferredtothisinstitutionfor

evaluationand

surgicaltreatment.Onadmission,the

pa-

tienthadatemperatureof

99.6°F.Neck

examinationrevealedbilateralboundingcarotidpulses.Oncardiac

examination,

therewasa

diastolicthrillofaorticinsuffi-

ciencyandasoftGrade2/6systolic

mur-

murofmitralinsufficiency.Therewas

basilarpulmonarycrepitusuponexamina-

TexasHeartInstituteJournalFromtheTexasHeartInstituteofSt.Luke's

Episcopal

andTexas

Children's

Hospitals,

Houston,Texas.

Addressforreprznts:Denton

A.

Cooley,M.D.,

Surgeon-in-Chief

TexasHeartInstitute,

PO.

Box20345,Hous-

ton,Texas77225.

415tionofthechest.

Cardiacangiogramstud-

iesshowedapicalleftventricularhypo-kinesiawithhypertrophy,aorticdilatation,

andaorticand

mitralinsufficiency.

Thepatientunderwent

an

operationinMarch1983,withresectionoftheascend-ingaorticaneurysm.Themitralvalvewasreplacedwitha31-mmSt.Judeprostheticvalvethroughtheaorticroot.Theaorticvalveandascendingaortawererecon-structedwitha25-mmBjork-Shileycom-positegraft.4Severalperforationswerenotedintheanteriorleafletofthemitralvalve,and

cysticmedialnecrosiswith

an-

nulo-aorticectasiawas

confirmedbyre-

sultsofthepathologicalexaminationofthe

ascendingaorta.

Thepatient

madeanun-

eventfulpostoperativerecovery.

Fig.1(A)Exposureofthemitralvalvethroughtheaorticrootafterexcisionof

theaorticvalve.

(B)Excisionofthemitralvalve.

(CandD)Placementofthemitralvalveprosthesis

through

theaorticroot

by

using

acontinuous

suture.Theimplantationcouldalsobedonewithinterruptedsutures.

Vol.10,No.4,December1983416