儿科支气管镜
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支气管镜检查在儿童喘息性疾病诊治中的应用张奕;郑宝英;崔菲菲;朱春梅;曹玲【期刊名称】《中国医刊》【年(卷),期】2016(051)011【摘要】目的:探讨支气管镜检术对儿童反复喘息性疾病的诊断及治疗价值。
方法收集本院2009年1月至2016年1月因反复喘息住院并应用支气管镜诊疗的743例患儿的临床资料。
所有病例均在局部黏膜表面麻醉下行支气管镜检术,通过镜下直视、支气管肺泡灌洗液病原学检查进一步明确病因,行支气管肺泡灌洗及药物治疗,并评判其疗效和并发症发生情况。
结果743例反复喘息患儿镜下表现:支气管内膜炎437例(58.8%),气管支气管狭窄、软化171例(23.0%)、支气管异物81例(10.9%)、分泌物壅塞33例(4.4%)、气管食管瘘4例(0.5%)、喉软骨软化3例(0.4%)等。
不同年龄段喘息患儿支气管镜下病因构成比有所不同,各年龄段均以支气管内膜炎症为主要镜下表现,其次为气管、支气管狭窄、软化和支气管异物、分泌物壅塞,其中在1~3岁年龄组支气管异物所占比例明显增高,≥4岁患儿炎性改变所占比例明显升高。
通过支气管镜灌洗、取异物及外科手术治疗原发病,患儿症状多可好转。
结论小儿反复喘息的病因以炎症、先天性发育异常及呼吸道异物多见,婴幼儿反复喘息应警惕先天性心肺发育异常及呼吸道异物。
支气管镜检查对儿童反复喘息的病因诊断具有重要价值。
支气管镜检查安全、便捷、并发症少。
%Objective To explore the clinical value of bronchoscopy in diagnosis and treatment of wheezing diseases in children.Method Clinical data of 743 pediatric patients with recurrent wheezing were retrospectively analyzed from Department of Respiratory inour Hospital from Jan 2009 to Jan 2016. Under local anesthesia, bronchoscopy was used to identify the pathogeny with the methods of straight inspect,bronchoalveolar lavage fluid examine, and therapy with bronchoalveolar lavage and inject medicine were performed. Result Through bronchofibroscopy, there were 437 cases withinflammation(58.8%), 171 cases with bronchomalacia and/or tracheal stenosis(23.0%), 81 cases with bronchial foreign bodies(10.9%), 33 cases with secretion of congestion(4.4%), 4 cases with trachea-esophageal fistula(0.5%), and 3 cages with laryngomalacia (0.4%), etc. The bronchoscopy examination discovered that there are different pathogeny constituent ratios in different age group; the inflammation is the primary manifestation, followed by bronchomalacia and/or tracheal stenosis, bronchial foreign bodies, secretion of congestion. The ratio of bronchial foreign bodies at the age 1-3 and the ratio of inflammation at the age≥4 increased obviously.Conclusion Inflammation, airway congenital malformation andbronchial foreign bodies were main reasons for recurrent wheezing. Airway congenital malformation and bronchial foreign bodies must be care of in infants who had recurrent wheezing. Bronchoscopy is useful in the etiologic identification of recurrent wheezing in children. The bronchoscopy examination was safe, convenient and had less complications.【总页数】3页(P57-59)【作者】张奕;郑宝英;崔菲菲;朱春梅;曹玲【作者单位】首都儿科研究所附属儿童医院呼吸科,北京 100020;首都儿科研究所附属儿童医院呼吸科,北京 100020;首都儿科研究所附属儿童医院呼吸科,北京 100020;首都儿科研究所附属儿童医院呼吸科,北京 100020;首都儿科研究所附属儿童医院呼吸科,北京 100020【正文语种】中文【中图分类】R725.6【相关文献】1.儿童喘息性疾病治疗药物的选择(二)合理应用喘息性疾病症状缓解药物 [J], 张岩2.纤维支气管镜检查在非外压性肺不张诊治中的应用 [J], 陈丽秀3.支气管镜检查在小儿阻塞性肺不张诊治中的应用 [J], 陈恩河;李创伟4.细胞学快速现场评价技术联合纤维支气管镜检查在肺占位性疾病诊断中的应用[J], 张敬;邢春燕;王欣5.超声心动图联合肺功能检查在儿童喘息性疾病诊断中的价值 [J], 许益;余琦;代强;王俐;李超;刘影因版权原因,仅展示原文概要,查看原文内容请购买。
儿童气管支气管软化症合并肺部感染的临床特征及电子纤维支气管镜的诊治意义作者:谢鹤吴灿红蔡燕杏余仙蕾陈宜升来源:《新医学》2023年第12期【摘要】目的分析儿童气管支气管软化症(TBM)合并肺部感染的临床特征,探讨电子纤维支气管镜在该类疾病中的诊断及治疗意义。
方法收集因反复肺部感染住院的236例患儿资料,其中经电子纤维支气管镜确诊TBM 37例,分析儿童TBM的临床特征及电子支气管镜检查结果,比较TBM患儿与非TBM患儿的差异。
结果 TBM患儿1岁内者占比高(30/37)。
TBM患儿年龄小于非TBM患儿,住院时间长于非TBM患儿(P均< 0.05)。
TBM患儿与非TBM患儿均主要表现为咳嗽、喘息及反复呼吸道感染,男女性别比例比较差异无统计学意义(P均> 0.05)。
TBM患儿镜下以轻、中度及1个部位软化为主,转归良好。
结论 TBM是低龄儿童反复肺部感染、喘息的重要因素之一,TBM症状难以识别,支气管镜检查有利于及时诊治。
【关键词】儿童;气管支气管软化症;支气管镜检查;肺部感染Clinical characteristics of tracheobronchomalacia complicated with pulmonary infection in children and the significance of electronic fiberoptic bronchoscopy in diagnosis and treatment Xie He, Wu Canhong, Cai Yanxing, Yu Xianlei, Chen Yisheng.Department of Pediatrics II,Chaozhou Central Hospital,Chaozhou 521000, ChinaCorresponding author, Chen Yisheng, E-mail:***************【Abstract】 Objective To analyze the clinical features of children with tracheobronchomalacia (TBM) complicated with pulmonary infection,and to explore the significance of fiberoptic bronchoscopy in the diagnosis and treatment of this disease. Methods Clinical data of 236 children admitted to our hospital due to recurrent pulmonary infection were collected. Among them, 37 children were diagnosed with TBM by fiberoptic bronchoscopy. Clinical features of TBM and fiberoptic bronchoscopy results were analyzed. The differences between TBM and non-TBM children were statistically compared. Results The proportion of TBM children aged<1 year was high(30/37) . The average age of TBM children was significantly younger than that of non-TBM counterparts, and the average length of hospital stay of TBM children was significantly longer than that of non-TBM counterparts, and the differences were statistically significant (both P < 0.05). The main manifestations of TBM and non-TBM children were cough, wheezing and recurrent respiratory tract infection, and there were no statistical differences in the male-to-female ratio (all P > 0.05). Fiberoptic bronchoscopy found mild and moderate TBM at a single site in TBM children, and favorable outcomes were obtained. Conclusion TBM is one of the important factors of recurrent pulmonary infection and wheezing in young children. It is challenging to identify the symptoms of TBM. Bronchoscopy is beneficial to timely diagnosis and treatment.【Key words】 Children; Tracheobronchomalacia; Bronchoscopy; Pulmonary infection氣管软化症是一种阻塞性气道疾病,其特征是主气道后膜松弛和冗余,导致呼吸时气道塌陷引起呼吸系统症状,仅累及主支气管,若主支气管与各亚段的支气管同时受累,则被称为气管支气管软化症(TBM)[1-3]。
儿童支气管镜术613例操作体会目的探讨儿童支气管镜术操作方法,并将术中操作心得体会与同道分享。
方法对2015年3月~2018年3月昆明市儿童医院综合内科613例因呼吸系统疾病住院(包括重症肺炎、肺炎支原体肺炎并肺不张/肺实变、迁延性肺炎、反复咳喘原因待查、慢性咳嗽查因、喉喘鸣、上气道梗阻)接受软式支气管镜检查及肺泡灌洗治疗患儿的临床资料进行回顾性分析。
结果613例患儿接受支气管镜检查及肺泡灌洗治疗,433例(70.6%)术中术后无任何并发症发生,180例(29.4%)有不同程度的并发症,仅有1例(0.16%)因本身肺部病变严重导致术后出现二氧化碳潴留引发心律失常而死亡。
术后并发症主要以一过性发热最为常见,71例(11.6%),术后刺激性咳嗽30例(4.9%),低氧血症28例(4.5%),声音嘶哑18例(2.9%),咳喘加重23例(3.7%),出血9例(1.5%)。
各年龄段并发症之间比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。
结论支气管镜技术对于儿童呼吸道疾病的诊断及治疗价值较高,且总体上并发症少,创伤小,是一種安全可靠的技术。
[Abstract] Objective To explore the bronchoscopic operation method in children and share the experience of intraoperative operation with colleagues. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of 613 children patients (including severe pneumonia,mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia complicated with atelectasis/lung consolidation,protracted pneumonia,unresolved causes of repeated cough,unresolved causes of chronic cough,laryngeal stridor,and upper airway obstruction)undergoing soft bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage for respiratory diseases who were hospitalized in the Department of General Internal Medicine in Kunming Children’s Hospital from March 2015 to March 2018. Results 613 children patients were given bronchoscopy and alveolar lavage. There were 433 patients(70.6%)who had no complications during and after surgery. There were 180 patients(29.4%)who had varying degrees of complications. Only one case(0.16%)died of arrhythmia induced by postoperative carbon dioxide retention due to severe lung disease in himself/herself. Postoperative complications were mainly transient fever which was the most common one,showing in 71 cases(11.6%),followed by postoperative irritative cough in 30 cases(4.9%),hypoxemia in 28 cases(4.5%),hoarseness in 18 cases(2.9%),aggravated cough in 23 cases(3.7%),and bleeding in 9 cases(1.5%).The complications were compared between various ages,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05). Conclusion Bronchoscopic technique is of a high value in the diagnosis and treatment of respiratory diseases in children. It has fewer complications and less trauma generally,and is a safe and reliable technique.[Key words] Bronchoscopy;Children;Operation;Complications;Safety自20世纪60年代日本学者池田(Ikeda)等将纤维支气管镜应用于临床以来,至今纤支镜已发展了50多年,现在,支气管镜在我国成人科已普遍应用[1],但在儿科,由于儿童气道较成人窄,配合度差,支气管镜的操作难度更大,加上对其安全性的担忧,使得儿科支气管镜技术的普及程度与成人相比,存在较大的差距[2]。