高考英语语法—定语从句(简介)

定语从句

一、概念：…… 定语从句的三要素是：先行词、引导词和从句，期

中引导词在从句中充当一定的成分。

二、相关知识点

1. 关系代词引导的定语从句

关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主

语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动

词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。

①who, whom, that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作

主语和宾语。

②whose 用来指人或物，（只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互

换）。

③which, that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主

语、宾语等。

④one of修饰先行词时如果前面有the only, the very, just the等限定词，从

句中谓语动词用单数，否则用复数，

2. 关系副词引导的定语从句

　关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状

语。关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构，因此

常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用。

3. 判断关系代词与关系副词：一看先行词，二看从句中所缺的成分。

4. 限制性和非限制性定语从句

①定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺

少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的

附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分

开。

②当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从

句通常是非限制性的。

③非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词,对其进行修饰,这时从

句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。

④限制性和非限制性翻译成汉语后意思不完全一样

说明：关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。

5. 介词+关系词

①介词后面的关系词不能省略。 ②that前不能有介词。

③某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的"介词+关系词"结构可以

同关系副词when 和where 互换。

④在非限定性定语从句中，名词、代词、序数词、数词、分数、最高级

和比较级+of+关系词时，也可以用“of+关系词+代词、数词、分数、最高级和比较级”的形式，

6. as, which 非限定性定语从句

由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，

相当于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。

as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表

达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要

有三点：

①as 引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which不可。

②as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是

系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which.。

③as引导的定语从句可以翻译成“这一点…”，which引导的定语从句可以

翻译成“这使得…”。

7. that 的用法

①不用that的情况 a） 引导非限定性定语从句时。

b） 介词后不能用。例如： We depend on the land from which we get

our food. 我们依赖土地获得食物。

②只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况

a）在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。

b）在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any,

little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。

c）先行词有the only, the very修饰时，只用that。　

d）先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。.

e）先行词既有人，又有物时。例如：

f）当先行词是who连接的特殊疑问句时。Who is the man that is

standing under the tree?

三、巩固练习

1. His parents wouldn’t let him marry anyone _____ family was poor. A. of

whom　B. whom　C. of whose　D. whose

2. She heard a terrible noise, _______ brought her heart into her mouth. A.

it B. which　C. this D. that

3. In the dark street , there wasn’t a single person _____ she could turn for

help.

A. that B. who C. from whom　D. to whom　

4. The weather turned out to be very good , ____ was more than we could

expect.

A. what B. which C. that D. it　

5.After living in Pairs for fifty years he returned to the small town ____ hegrew up as a child.　

A. which B. where C. that D. when

6．Carol said the work would be done by October, ＿＿＿＿＿personally I

doubt very much.　

A. it B. that C. when D. which　

7．Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, ____,of

course , made the others unhappy.

A．who B．which C．this D．what

8. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase , _____ was very reasonable.

A. which price B. the price of which C. its price D. the price of whose

9.___ has already been pointed out , grammar is not a set of dead rules.

A. As B. It C. That D. Which

10. He lived in London for 3 months , during __ time he learned some

English.

A. this B. which C. that D. same

11. Oh the wall hung a picture, _____ color is blue.

A. whose B. of which C. which D. its

12.Whenever I met him , ____ was fairly often, I like his sweet and hopeful

smile.　

A. what B. which C. that D. when

13. The visitor asked the guide to take his picture _____ stands the famous

tower.

A. that B. where C. which D. there

14.The boss ____ department Ms King worked ten years ago look down upon

women.　

A. in which B. in that C. in whose D. whose

15. I don’t like _____ you speak to her.

A. the way B. the way in that C. the way which　D. the way of which

16.I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella ._______ I got wet through .

A. It’s the reason B. That’s why C. There’s why D. It’s how

17. He made another wonderful discovery , ____ of great importance to

science.

A. which I think is B. which I think it is

C. which I think it D.I think which is 1-5DBDBB 6-10DBBAB 11-

15ABBCA 16-20BADAA

18.He was very rude to the customs officer, ____ of course made things evenworse.

A. who B. whom C. what D. which

19. a) He is an interesting speaker, and, _______ is more important, he knows

his subject thoroughly.

b) He went to the meeting, and, _______ was worse, insisted on speaking.

A. what B. which C. that D. when

20. The farmer uses wood to build a house ________ to store grain.

A. in which B. where C. which D. with which

21. I will invite _______ my daughter loves.

A. whoever B. whomever C. whichever D. whatever

22.You can buy as many copies of this book ________ you wants.

A. that B. which C. as D. for which

23. Tom ate more food _______ was good for his health.

A. that B. as C. than D. which

24. He was hiding behind the door ____ he could see what was happening.

A. which B. from where C from which D. where

25. She wore, _______ was very uncommon in the country, a red garment.

A. what B. that C. which D. it

26. The English play ____ my students acted at the New Year's party was a