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Module 8 Unit 1 新课标单词classic adj. 经典的，古典的antique n. 古董，古物literary adj. 文学的received adj. 被承认的，被认可的，公认的wisdom n. 智慧；明智；学识dust n. 灰尘，尘土adaptation n. 改编，改写work n. 作品，著作harm n. 伤害，损害，危害；邪恶，uncertainty n. 不确定，不确信；难以预料，不可靠，易变tension n. 紧张；紧张局势plot n. （小说、戏剧等的）情节generous adj. 慷慨的，大方的fortune n. 财富；运气，好运abrupt adj. 突然的，生硬的constant adj. 持续的，不断的reminder n. 提醒（指人或物），提示shabby adj. 破旧的，破烂的；卑鄙shallow adj. 浅薄的，肤浅的；浅的prejudiced adj. 有偏见的companion n. 同伴；伴侣rigid adj. 死板的，严格的civil adj. 有教养的，文明的bent adj. 决意的，极想的theme n. 主题，主旨wealth n. 财富settle vt. 使定居；安顿，安放；解决educated adj. 受过教育的；有教养的acquaintance n. 相识；熟人abnormal adj. 不正常的，反常的，异常的abuse vt. 虐待；辱骂；滥用criminal n. 罪犯pity vt. 同情，怜悯reform vt., vi.& n.（使）改过自新，改造；改革，改良crime n. 犯罪，罪行，罪恶pressure vt. 对……施加压力，迫使violence n. 暴力，暴行resist vi. & vt. 抵抗，反抗，抵制misfortune n. 不幸，灾祸home-made adj. 自制的；家里做的；国产pale adj. 淡的；暗淡的；苍白的；无力的swiftly adv. 迅速地envelope n. 信封brand new 崭新的，全新的muddy adj. 沾满泥巴的；泥泞的sorrow n. 悲伤，难过sigh n. & vi. 叹息，叹气anger n. 愤怒dot n. 点，小圆点gently adv. 轻轻地，轻柔地lovely adj. 可爱的modern-day adj. 现代的，当代的ugly adj. 丑陋的，难看的stepmother n. 继母，后母greedy adj. 贪婪的gravity n. 严重性；地球引力sugary adj. 甜的；含糖的mistaken adj. 犯错的；错误的shade n. 色度；荫，阴凉处cheek n. 脸颊entertaining adj. 令人愉快的，有趣的poetic adj. 富有诗意的；诗歌的supreme adj. 最高的，至上的，卓越的typical adj. 典型的reputation n. 名誉，名声，声誉debt n. 债务transform vt.&vi. （使）变形，（使）改观，（使）改变urban adj. 城市的shorten vt. 缩短，使变短statue n. 雕像，塑像publicly adv. 公开地exhibit vt. 展览，展出，陈列exhibition n. 展览，展览会tend vi. 趋向，倾向dreamlike adj. 如梦的，梦境般的，朦胧的stress vt. 重读；强调comparison n. 比较，对照，比照课文出现短语1. give one’s opinion on sth2. have a place in3. be performed on stage4. develop the shortcomings of5. be bent on doing sth6. make the acquaintance of sb7. become a servant to sb8. a pair of brand new sneakers9. have little/ some talent for10. from beginning to end11. donate sth to support sb12. be intended to be done13. a guide to poetry 14. recommend sth to sb15. base sth on sth16. be set in17. convince sb to adopt sth18. be abused by sb19. force sb back into sth20. throw sth at sb21. become famous nationwide overnight22. involve sth as23. write in Scots dialect24. have nothing to do with25. at a time26. set sb free from sth27. be linked to28. give away29. be taken to court30. pressure sb with the threat 31. make sth out of sth32. hug sth to one’s chest33. consist of34. compare sth to sth35. the antiques of the literary world36. be left to gather dust37. an old –fashioned film38. an award-winning film39. a place in the world40. be make into sth…41. at a time42. in the early43. at one time44. on stage45. the monument to sb.46. set sb free from…47. have prejudice against sb. 48. add up to49. an educated person50. take sb to court51. be forced to do sth52. make sth out of……53. serve as54. be filled with sorrow55.have a talent for56. pi n sth to sth…57.get caught58. have talent for…59. let out a sad sigh60. a deal of一．单词应用根据单词的首字母或汉语意思填写正确单词，注意形式变化1.Mist is a symbol of danger and u_______ in Great Expectations.2.Is an e_______ person with a lot of money a gentleman ?3.He made an a_________ turn to avoid hitting another car .4.Children must swim in the s________ end of the swimming pool.5.John is b_______ on getting the first place in the following race .6.The a_______ chair was made in 1628.7.He graduated from Cambridge University, so he was able to speak s ___________ English.8.Oliver Twist was written by one of the greatest n______ in the world.9.Better be envied than p______（怜悯）.10.This is a new kind of glassware thatr_______ heat.11.The hungry boy ate his food g_______（贪婪地）.12.He became famous nationwide o_______________.13.Sunlight is___________ (使变化) into chemical energy, when it falls on the leaves of plants .14.He is __________(展出) his paintings at our school .15.You may praise your child ___________(公开地).16. A fool always wants to ____________(缩短)space and time .17.She ____________(叹气) with relief .18.The teacher was ____________(生气)at him for being late again than before.19.The dog was his closet _____________(伙伴).20.The idea for the film was ____________(根据)on his childhood dreams.二．词形转换1. Literary adj…_______(n.)2. dust n…._________(adj.)3. adaptation n. …________(v.)4. harm n. …____________(adj.)5. fortune n. …_________(adj.)6. financial adj. …___________(n.)7. violence n….____________(adj)8. shorten v….____________(adj.)9. tend v…._____________(n.)10. comparison n…._________(v.)三．选词填空1. It was the little girl who began to cry __________ the nurse.2. He drove after drinking.________, he was fined $100.3. Surrounded for 3 days, the enemy ___________ to give in.4. 1’ll ______ something______-for dinner on my way home.5. This is a secret. Who has ______ it_______?6. We had_________ time to discuss this problem.7. This maths problem is________ easy. In fact , it is difficult.8. Do come at7 o’clock, _______ I call you up.9. When her son returned, she was ________ anxiety.10. I _______ play tennis ______ watch TV.四．句型结构重点句型1. They are novels, plays and poems that were written a long time ago and were so well written and well received that people still read them today. (P2) 它们是很久以前创作的小说，戏剧和诗歌，写得很好，很受欢迎，直至今日人们仍然在阅读这些作品。
时间课题M8 Unit1 Project 授课时数 1【教学目标】：1. Enable the Ss to read the passage about the poetry of Robert Burns2. Enable Ss to recite a poem【教学重点】：Enable the Ss to understand the meaning of the poem A Red,Red RoseEnable the Ss to make a survey and recite a poem for the classEnable the Ss to list the characteristics about poetryEnable the Ss to recite a poem【教学方法】：Task-based learning and cooperative learning教学过程一备二备Teaching procedures:StepⅠIntroduction1.Discuss about poem2.Recite a poem to the classStepⅡ Discussion1. Talk about the famous poem and tell what’s important in it.t Step Ⅲ Reading1.Read fast and list the main points2.Read carefully and give the main idea of each paragraph3.practice summarizing the text4.Read for detailed information and finish the diagram5.List the useful phrasesStep Ⅳ Project1.Introduce the project.2.Plan to work in groups and give clear assignment3.Decide the class and grade of each group4.prepare for the tasks for each group5. Interview the classmates6.Analyze the questions and answer themStep V Homework1. Do Part A, B on poetry in Workbook.2.Review words and phrases in this unit.教学反思：。
牛津译林版高中英语选修八Skills building 1: completing a quizIn a quiz, we are usually asked to answer some questions. What should we do when we take a quiz and what steps we should take to make sure that we answer the questions correctly? Let’s read the guidelines and the three steps on our books. After that you will have a chance to complete a quiz about the film industry.Step 1: completing a quiz about the film industryThis part is designed to help you develop your listening skills. You will listen to two radio programmes discussing the early days of film, and then read a web page about film facts. You are expected to use all of the information to complete a film quiz. Before listening, you can look through the questions first.TapescriptHost: Today on History’s Greatest Inventions, we are discussing films, which were once called ‘moving pictures’!Guest: Well, that isn’t such a strange name. That’s what films are——moving pictures. What our eyes see as movements are really just the small differences between thousands of still photographs.Host: Really?Guest: Yes, every film is made of frames, and each frame is just a photograph. We first started viewing them as connected films back in the 1880s. William Friese-Green was the first man to record and then play back what we now think of as a film. He made his film in Hyde Park, London, and later watched it in his home. On the twenty-eighth of December eighteen ninety-five, two Frenchmen, the Lumière brothers, made a film and presented it to pay ing audiences. They are often considered the ‘fathers of the modern film industry’Host: These first films were not like the ones we see today, were they?Guest:No. One big difference is the speed of the filming—at first, cameras were operated by hand, and it was hard to keep the film moving at the same speed all the time. When we see these old films today, the actors look like they are moving too fast. Another big difference is that old films had no sound. We now refer to them as silent films. When people went to see them, there would be a piano player, or even an orchestra in the theatre to provide music. The first ‘talking film’ or film with sound was shown in New York in nineteen twenty-seven. It was called The Jazz Singer. The first words ever heard in a film were, ‘wait a minute. Wait a minute. You ain’t heard nothin’yet.’ Audiences were so excited they even stood up in the theatre and applauded!One other thing you will notice if you watch an older film is that they were all in3. Listen to another radio programme in Part B. This time you will listen to some information about Hollywood, and you can use the information to answer some of the remaining questions onafter listening to the recording in this part.This part is designed to help you pay attention to the words or information emphasized in a question to answer it exactly. In the Grammar and usage section of this unit, we learnt how to emphasize some parts of sentences by adding some words or using certain sentence structures. Are there any other ways that we can emphasize some words or information, especially when we are speaking? Sometimes we stress the words we want to emphasize. Now let’s go over Skills building 2.Step 2: asking and answering questions about Chinese filmsIn this part, you should work in pairs to conduct an interview about Chinese films. You are expected to practice the speaking skills you have learnt in Skills building 2.1. Go over the instructions so that you know what to do in Step2. Then read all the questions and answers and make sure that you know what you are going to do.2. Work in pairs to do this role-play activity, asking and answering questions about Chinese films. When asking questions, you should emphasize the words in bold. The student who is answering questions should repeat the emphasized words. After you finish asking and answering these questions, you should switch roles. In this way, every one of you will have a chance to practiceSkills building 3: using information from more than one sourceIn this part, you will learn what you need to do to prepare the information for a speech or an essay competition.T: What will you do before you attend a speech or an essay competition? Give as many answers as you can.S1: know what the subject of the competition isS2: find out different aspects of the subject and write the draftS3: do research on the aspects that you do not knowT: Review what you have learnt about the film industry in Steps 1 and 2. List the information you have already obtained, and think about what else you will need in making the speech or writing the essay for the competition. For example:● The information I have already got:the first film-maker/ fathers of modern film;where the first film was made;the first studio in Hollywood;the title of the first ‘talking film’;the title of the first film made in China;the differences between old and modern films● The information I need to do r esearch on:the titles of the best films in some famous film festivals this year;some famous actors/ actresses in Hollywood/ ChinaStep 3: writing a speech about the film industryNow you are required to write a speech using information gathered in the previous steps. Firstread the guidelines in Step 3 and find out what you are asked to do. Then work in groups to。
Period 3 Word PowerⅠ. Teaching aims:Enable Ss to use the new words about the literatureEnable Ss to learn useful strategy to expand their vocabularyⅡ. Teaching important points:Enable Ss to learn and master words about literatureEnable Ss to know the classification of literatureⅢ. Teaching difficult points:Enable Ss to give correspondent definition of each new wordEnable Ss to classify literatureⅣ. Teaching methods:Cooperative learning, task-based learningⅤ. Teaching aids:A computer, a blackboard, a tape-recorderⅥ. Teaching procedures:StepⅠ GreetingsStepⅡ Brainstorming1. Are you interested in books? What kind of books are you fond of?2. How many categories of literature can you name? What does each of them include? StepⅢ PracticePart A1. Read the article and find out all the types of literatures mentioned.2. Read part A again and fill in the Chart below.Discussion1. Who are they?2. Match the names and worksPart B1. Look at the following pictures and describe their works and contributions2. Use more information to introduce each literary figures.Part C1. Practice reading the words in bold from parts A and B.2.Read the passage of Part C carefully3. Fill in the blanksStep IV. Vocabulary extensionWork in groups1. match the words and their meanings2. complete the crossword puzzleStep V. Homework1. Try to find more names of literature.2. Do exercises about literature in your workbook.3. Talk about different literary figures.。
单元：Unit 1 The written world板块：Task 1Thoughts on the design:本节课是以听和写为主的语言综合技能训练课，以学习写文学评论为话题，分两部分进行教学。
教师在教学中要给予学生充分的听和读的时间。
对于课本上的如何听关键词的指导性的文字，要给学生理解及热身的时间；而对于如何做笔记、提炼要点，也可作一点温故知新的工作。
Teaching aims:In this part, students will learn to listen carefully for key words. Students will first learn some useful skills to li sten for key word s and then put them into practice to listen for key words in a talk about how to write a review. Then students will make notes for their review on their own and check answers through another listening activity.Teaching procedures:Step 1 Lead-inAsk students to read the instruction for skills building 1 and find out the key words to finish the follo wing summary.In order to _______________ about something, we often use key words, which are the most important words in a sentence or a paragraph.Key words are often ________, ________, or ___________ with a _______ before them.Answers:give useful hints; stressed; repeated; summariz ed; pauseNow, listen to me and take notes of key words in my speech.Just as a proverb says, ‘life is filled with twists and turns.’ One can’t gain any success if he or she never experiences difficulty and failure. In other words, trouble exists from beginning to end during our lifetime. Students may fail in their exams, scientists may fail in their experiments, and players may be defeated in their matches.Now, let’s read out the paragraph together and check our answers. [Explanation]本节课的导入，从阅读课本相关材料，找出关键词着手。
Unit 1 The written word Grammar 教学案Step 1: General introductionThe grammar items in this unit focus on negative statements. You are expected to understand the meanings of negative statements. You will also learn the ways to make a negative statement. Then you may apply what you have learnt to practical use by finishing two exercises.Step 2: ExercisesTurn the following into negative statements.1. They are listening to pop music now.________________________________2. Many people can speak English nowadays._________________________________3. You must make your bed after you get up every day._______________________________________________4. His mother has a beautiful car.________________________________________________5. We need a pen and piece of paper.________________________________________________6. I need wear a warm coat._________________________________________________7. The old man always goes for a walk in the park after supper._______________________________________________8. The doctors volunteer in the countryside every year._________________________________________9. Mike does sports in the afternoon.________________________________10. You’d better talk with your parents right now.___________________________________Step 3: Explanation and practice1. Make a list of the most commonly used negative words:no，not，never，neither，hardly，seldom，few，little，barely…2. Please decide whether it is a true statement: John Keats was a famous short story writer.This statement is untrue. We can correct an untrue statement in the following way:John Keats was not a famous short story writer.3. As we learned，negative statements are often used to correct a mistaken idea. Let’s recall the ways to make negative statements.4. Read Part 1 and Part 2. When not is used with a negative prefix，the meaning of the sentence is positive. However，the positive meaning is not as strong as that of a direct positive statement. For example:Students are not discouraged to discuss things with their classmates. (Students are encouraged to discuss things with their classmates.)Your actions were not inexcusable，but they were certainly not appropriate. (Your actions were excusable，but certainly not appropriate.)It is not uncommon for him to be late. (It is very common for him to be late.)not can be used before a phrase of time，distance or a noun phrase to emphasize the negative。
Unit 1 The written wordProject---教案Teaching aims:To teach the students one of the English literary treasures and help them analyze ancie nt poem.To appreciate another piece of Rabindranath Tagore ' s poem.Steps :Part A: ReadingLook at the scree n and liste n to the tape, trying to grasp the theme of the poem.It ' s a roma ntic poem. As we all know, roma ntic theme s tend to be emoti on al. Today, we ' later recite a romantic poem about love by Robert Burns A Red, Red Rose. Let ' s come to the readingprt of Project.1. Read the report on the poetry of Robert Burns, Skim for the main idea of this article and tell how it is orga ni zed.Paragraphs 1— 4 in troduct ion of Robert BurnsParagraphs ” 7 some information about a mov ement of poets called the Romantic MovementParagraphs 8— 9 the poem ‘ A Red, Red Rose ' with its introduction and explanation2. Pair work: Rearrange the events in the order of time. Fill in the following table:3. Read the article for a third time to get more information about this report, and then fill in the following ll read and4. Read and recite the poem A Red, Red Rose,trying to u nderstand the meaning of the poem.5. poem appreciation: by Rabindranath TagoreThe Furthest Distance in the worldThe furthest dis tance in the worldIs not betwee n life and deathBut whe n I sta nd in front of youYet you don't know thatI love you.The furthest dista nee in the worldIs not when I stand in front of youYet you can\'t see my loveBut whe n un doubtly knowing the love from bothYet cannot be together.The furthest dista nee in the worldIs not being apart while being in loveBut whe n I pla inly cannot resist the year ningYet prete nding you have n ever bee n in my heart.The furthest dista nee in the worldIs not struggli ng aga inst the tidesBut using on e\'s in differe nt heartTo dig an un crossable riverFor the one who loves you .Part B1. Group work: Discuss the eight questi ons in Part B. Then prepare your project.2. Present your project.Homework1. Read the passage in project and recite the poem.2. Do Parts B1 and B2 on page 101 of the Workbook.。
Unit 1 The written wordTask ---教案Teaching aims:To develop students’s ablity of listening.To teach them how to write literatury review.Skills building 1: listening for key wordsRead the guidelines in Skills building 1 on Page 10. Try to give a speech, following the guidelines. Step 1: recognizing key words1. Listen to this speech, trying to fill the table in Part A on Page 10.2. Listen to the tape again, and check the answers.3. What role do you think friendship plays in our daily life? Now, let’s r ead a short story. After that,you may get a better understanding of friendship.4. Read the story again and then complete the table with the key words in the short story.5. Listen to the conversation in Part C and check your notes in Part B against what you hear in PartC.Skills building 2: asking for and giving opinions1. Group work: Discussion: How to ask for and give opinions?2. Pair work: Create a situation and make a dialogue, you’ll practice using the phrases you listed just now.3. Read the guidelines on Page 12.Step 2: giving your opinion on a literary review1. Read the literary review of “The Attic” on page 12. Focus on the plot, characters and the theme of the story.2. Have a discussion about the five questions listed below the review. Give your ideas freely.3. Acting: Work in pairs, making a dialogue. One acts as the reporter and the other as the reader. Try to use as many questions as possible.Sample answersReporter:Good morning, Miss Yang. I’ve just read your literary review of ‘The Attic’ in a magazine. Could I ask you a few questions about it?Reader: Sure. What would you like to know about?Reporter:Do you think the plot of ‘The Attic’ sounds interesting?Reader: Yes, it is really entertaining and poetic from beginning to end.Reporter:People say the author uses colours to describe Cindy’s mood. What do you think of this way of writing?Reader:I like the way. In my eyes, colours add beauty to theReporter:Well, why do you think Virginia Fox uses chocolate as a symbol of happiness? Reader: I feel that chocolate usually helps us think of a sweet and rich life, which symbolizes happiness and success in Cindy’s life.Reporter:Personally I feel the same way. Bythe way, which character do you think is the most interesting in the story?Reader:If you ask me, I would say my favourite character is definitely Stuart, the ‘prince’. Reporter: Can you tell me why?Reader:Because I feel that he adds some comedy to this otherwise dark tale. Reporter:Do you think ‘the beauty of freedom’ is a good theme for a short story? Reader:Yes, it is an important theme in ‘The Attic’, which makes it different from other Cinderella stories. Reporter:Thank you very much.Skills building 3: writing a literary review1. Read the guidelines at the top of page 13. Remember what should be included in a review.2. Work in groups of four to write an outline of a literary review.Step 3: writing your reviewYou are expected to write a literary review of “The home-made ball” based on the information you have collected in Steps 1 and 2 and through this to practice the skills you have learnt in Skills buildings 1, 2 and 3.1. Review the information you have collected and the main points you need to include in writing a review.2. Work in groups of four to write the review.Possible example‘The home-made ball’ is a short story written by jerry Johnson.The story is set in modern-day America.The main character of ‘The home-made ball’ is a boy calledKevin. Kevin and Mike are good friends who play soccer with heir home-made ball every day, but when Kevin gets new sneakersand a soccer ball, things change.Friendship is an important theme in this short story. The author, Jerry Johnson, uses the old and new things, like the old home-made ball and the new soccer ball, and the old bench and the new sneakers As symbols. The old things symbolize the most valuable thing,friendship, which needs to be cherished.I think this story is really good and I give it a rating of four out of five.。
U1重点词汇讲解1. vain adj. 自负的；自视过高的e.g. He was vain about his looks, spending hours in the gym.他对自己的外表很自负，在健身房里一呆就是好几个小时。
adj. 不成功的；无用的；徒劳的e.g. They made a vain attempt to protect the town from attack.他们企图保护这个镇不受攻击，结果没有成功。
in vain没有成功；徒劳e.g. We walked a couple of blocks, looking in vain for a cab.我们走了两三个街区寻找出租车，但没找到。
2. wisdom n. 智慧；学识；明智e.g. One can not have wisdom without living life.一个人不经历生活不可能有智慧。
In those homely sayings was couched the collective wisdom of generations.在那些朴实的谚语中蕴含着几代人集体智慧的结晶。
wise adj. 聪明的，英明的，明智的3. abuse v. 虐待；凌辱e.g. Prisoners reported being regularly abused by their guards.囚犯们举报说他们遭到了看守经常性的虐待。
v. 滥用；妄用e.g. They were accused of abusing their power to keep prices artificially high.他们被控滥用权力，人为地太高物价。
v. 辱骂e.g. He was fined $ 10,000 for verbally abusing the judge.他因恶言辱骂裁判被罚款10,000美元。
4. adaptation n. 适应，改编，改写本；适应e.g. The play is an adaptation of a short novel. 这部戏剧是一部短篇小说的改编本。
I bought my son an adaptation for children of a play by Shakespeare.我给我儿子买了为儿童改编的莎士比亚剧本。
adapt vt. 使适应，改编adopt vt. 采用，收养adapted themselves to city life 使他们适应城市生活adopt a new technique 采用新技术5. twist vt. 使转弯，使扭曲，曲解，歪曲vi. 扭弯，扭曲，缠绕，扭动，呈螺旋形e.g. String is made of threads twisted together. 绳子是由卷捻在一起做成的。
The path twisted up the hill. 这条小路盘绕在小山上。
to twist the handle 转动把手Twist the lid to open it. 拧这盖儿打开它。
n. 转弯，弯曲，曲折路a twist of fate命运的扭转a story with a quirky twist 跌宕起伏的故事twist of the wrist 巧妙的手法twist off 扭断；扭开twist up 把……卷成螺旋形；扭弯；歪曲twists and turns 迂回曲折之处；各个角落；精微处6. fortune n. 财富，运气，大量财产，好运，命运e.g. She had the good fortune to be free from illness. 她运气好，没得病。
Through all his changing fortunes, he never lost courage. 任凭命运变换，他从不丧失勇气。
It is also believed that it will bring good fortune in the coming year.而且，据说放鞭炮还能为人们在新的一年里带来好运气。
Fortune smiled on him. 他万事如意。
make a fortune / make one’s fortune发财致富seek one’s fortune 找出路try one’s fortune 碰运气7. desperate adj. 绝望的e.g. The missing man’s family are getting increasingly desperate. . 失踪者的家人越来越绝望。
adj. 孤注一掷的e.g. In a desperate attempt to escape, he killed the guard.他孤注一掷想逃走，便杀死了警卫。
adj. 极需要的；及向往的desperate fore.g. They were sold by families desperate for money to buy food.它们是由极需要钱来购买食品的家庭出售的。
be desperate to do sth.e.g. He was desperate to see her again. 他非常想再见到她。
adj. 非常严重的e.g. Parts of this school are in desperate need of repair. 这所学校的一些地方急需维修。
desperately adv. 绝望地；拼命地；非常；很8. civil adj. 有教养的，文明的，公民的，国内的e.g. Be civil to the headmaster. 对校长要礼貌些。
Keep a civil tongue in your head! Don’t speak rudely! 说话要文明有礼!be civil to 对……有礼貌say sth. civil说奉承［恭维］话9. bent adj. 决意的，极想的，下决心……的e.g. be bent on 一心想要，决心要；专心致志于He was bent on making them happy. 他决心要让他们开心。
All eyes were bent on me. 大家都把目光投向我。
bend v. 弯曲，屈服动词过去式：bent；过去分词：bent；现在分词：bending；第三人称单数：bendse.g. It is possible to bend nature to human will? 有可能让大自然服从人类的意志吗?She bent (over) to pick up a book from the floor. 她弯腰从地板上捡起一本书。
10. fancy adj. 华而不实的，花哨的，高档的，极好的a fancy hat精美的帽子e.g. paid a fancy price for the car.以过高的价格买下一辆汽车。
I hate the fancy education especially in our school. 我讨厌华而不实的教育，尤其在我们学校。
11. reform n. 改革，改善e.g. The reform and open policy has brought us Chinese people a rich and colourful life. 改革开放的政策给我们中国人民带来了富裕和多彩的生活。
vt. 改革，革新，重新组成vi.革新，改过，重组to reform criminals 改造罪犯to reform society 改革社会12. pressure n. 压，压力，电压，压迫，强制，紧迫e.g. Do not put much pressure on the handle, it may break. 不要在把柄上太用力了，它会坏的。
He works well under pressure. 他在有压力的情况下工作很出色。
put pressure on sb. 对……施加压力= pressureunder the pressure of 在……压力下at high pressure 紧张的，用力的work at high pressure紧张工作13. threat n. 恐吓，凶兆，威胁e.g. The threat of war has depressed business activity. 战争的危胁使商业变得不景气。
He took no notice of his father’s threat. 他不理会他父亲的恐吓。
threaten vt. 恐吓，威胁threatened threatening14. resist vt. 抵抗，反抗，抗，忍得住e.g. She could hardly resist laughing. 她真忍不住要笑。
I was unable to resist laughing. 我忍不住笑了。
resist aggression 抵抗侵略resist temptation不受引诱the power to resist disease 抗拒疾病的能力resistance n. 反抗，抵抗，抵抗力make some resistance 进行抵抗15. kick v. 踢e.g. Don’t kick the ball into the road. 不要把球踢到马路上。
The baby was lying on its back, kicking its legs in the air. 婴儿平躺着，两腿向空中踢。
n. 踢e.g. If t he door won’t open, give it a kick. 如果门开不开的话，就踢它一脚。
16. spin v. 旋转，纺，纺纱e.g. The wheels of the car were spinning. 小汽车的轮子飞速旋转。
The heavy blow sent the enemy spinning to the ground. 猛烈的一击打得敌人昏头转向，倒在地上。
spin sb. round 使某人很快转身17. mistaken adj. 犯错的，错误的e.g. If you thought he intended to be impolite, you were mistaken.如果你认为他是故意粗鲁无礼，那你就误会了。
Y ou are mistaken about him. 你错看了他了。
(你误会他了。
)18. reputation n. 名声a man of good/high reputation 很有声望的人has/earn a reputation for 以……出名e.g. He did not have a good reputation in his hometown. 他在家乡的名声不好。
