英语初二上册重点知识点讲解Module 1 How to learn English1．pair n.一对,一副a pair of two pairs of2．Correct v. 改正,纠正3．advice1为不可数名词,可用some,much,a piece of,pieces of等修饰2表示“有关……的建议”时,用介词on,接名词、代词或由疑问词引导的不定式;4、常见搭配：take/follow one’s advice接受某人的建议ask for advice 征求意见offer advice to sb. 向某人提供建议advise sb. to do sth.advise that sb. should do sth.2.letsb.dosth.让某人做某事6.practicedoingsth.练习做某事7.match…with…把…与…搭配起来8plete…with…用…完成…9.It’s+adj.+forsb.+todosth.做某事对某人来说是怎样的12.awaytodosth.做某事的方式17.Whydon’tyoudosth./Whynotdosth.为什么不做某事18. forgettodosth.忘记做某事19.It’sagoodideatodosth.做某事是个好主意;23.begoodatdoingsth.=dowellindoingsth.擅长做某事24.somany+n复/somuch+n不可数如此多25.needtodosth.需要做某事29.writetosb.写信给某人30.agreewithsb.同意某人的意见agreetodosth.同意做某事agreeonsth.同意某事33.adviceonsth.在某方面的意见34.lookupsth.inthedictionary/lookinthedictionary在字典中查找36.smileatsb.对某人微笑laughatsb.嘲笑某人38.sendsb.sth.=sendsb.送某人某物44.beafraidtodosth./beafraidofdoingsth.害怕做某事51.sayhellotosb向某人问好52.makefriendswithsb与某人交朋友53.take/showsb.around带领某人参观5、Try 的用法12译为“尽量”、“尽最大努力可能”,主要用于 as...as possible/one can;6、time的用法：1time用作不可数名词,前面可much, little, a lot of, plenty of等修饰; 2当作“次数；倍数”讲时,time是可数名词;3time构成的短语：at a time 一次, 每一次at one time 曾经,一度at times /from time to time 有时,偶尔all the time 总是,一直in time 及时,迟早on time 准时4time构成的句型：① It’s time for sb. to do sth./It’s high time sb. did sth.该是某人干……的时间了;② each time每次,next time下次,the first/last time第一次/最后一次……的时候等词组引导的时间状语从句;7、suggest,做动词,表示“建议,提议”的意思,对应的名词是suggestion;suggest的用法：Module 2 My home town and my country1、population n. 意思是“人口,居民”,它是一个集体名词,它的用法有时较为特殊, 所以很容易用错;① population常与定冠词the连用,作主语用时,谓语动词常用第三人称单数形式;② 当主语是表示“人口的百分之几、几分之几”时,谓语动词用复数形式;③ 有时population可用作可数名词,其前可用不定冠词;④表示人口的“多”或“少”,不用“much”或“little”,而要用“large”或“small”;⑤在问具体人口时用“What...”;2、形容词比较级用法① 表示两者进行比较时用形容词比较级,最明显的提示词是than,其结构为“A…+比较级+than+B”;② 有表示程度的副词a little,a bit,a few,a lot,much,even,still,far,rather,any等修饰时,用形容词比较级;③比较级前面可以加上表示具体数量差别的结构,表示具体“大多少”,“小多少”,“长多少”,“短多少”等;④表示“两者之间最……一个of the two”时,常用“the+比较级”结构;⑤表示“越来越……”,用比较级重叠结构,即“比较级+and+比较级”,多音节词和部分双音节词时用常用搭配：比…,the比…越…越…3.比较级and比较级比ofthetwo两者中较怎样的…nexttocloseto附近fact事实上the1980s在20世纪80年代17.asadj/advas+对象和…一样soonas一…就well也wellas除了…还…；和…一样好many+可数as和…一样多much+不可数as和…一样多27.over=morethan超过other+复数许多其他…other+单数任何其他…=alot+比较级更…得多famousfor…/as…以…着名/作为…着名university一所大学as+n/doingsth例如…13.ispartof的部分14.anisland.一座岛屿areasof的区域17.Whata/anadj.n主+be/vanytimeoftheyear在一年的任何时间Module 3 Sports… at all 根本不sure about 对;;;确信mind 别介意+adj+adjof+可数/ 不可数大量的’s the matter with you 你怎么啦两种 =what’s wrong with youusual 和往常一样the match 输掉比赛 win the match 赢得比赛14 beat sb 打败某人16 lose to sb 输给某人good at doing sth 擅长做;;两种 =do well in doing sthup 热身运动time to do sth 有时间做;;;late for sth 做;;;迟到 =be late to do sthsb on 为;;;加油a chance to do sth 有机会做;;两种; =have a chance of doing sth a pity 多么遗憾啊against 与;;;比赛26 be against 反对;;;,违反;;;27 stop sb against 阻止;;;做30 do better 做的更好is +adj/adv for sb to do sth 做;;;是;;; happen to sb 某人发生某事;;;37 sb happen to do sth 某人碰巧做;;;40 be pleased with sb 对;;;感到满意41 be pleased to do sth 对做;;;感到满意开心42 take part in+ 活动参加;;;活动43 join in+活动参加;;;活动Module 4 Planes, ships and trains1规则变化：2不规则变化：3形容词最高比较级用法① 表示三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时,用最高级形式;形容词最高级前必须加定冠词the,句末常跟一个in/of短语来表示范围;of表示同范围,in表示不同范围is the strongest of the three boys.在三个男孩子中,他是最强壮的;Shanghai is the biggest city in China.上海是中国最大的城市;② 表示在三者或三者以上的人或物进行选择时,用“Which/Who is+the+最高级,A,B or C”结构;city is the most beautiful, Beijing, Shanghai or Fuzhou哪个城市最漂亮,北京,上海还是福州③ 表示“最……的……之一”时,用“one of the+形容词最高级”结构,该形容词后面的名词要用复数形式;Jielun is one of the most popular singers.周杰伦是最受欢迎的歌星之一;④ 形容词最高级前面可以加序数词,表示“第几最……”;Changjiang River is the first longest river in China.长江是中国第一大长河;⑤ 形容词最高级前面可以有物主代词,指示代词,名词所有格等修饰,但此时不能再用定冠词the;is our last lesson today.这是我们今天的最后一节课;⑥ 形容词比较级结构可以表示最高级含义;Lei is the tallest student in his class.李雷是班上最高的学生;=Li Lei is taller than any other student in his class.李雷比班上其他任何一个学生都高;=Li Lei is taller than the other students in his class.李雷比班上其他所有的学生都高;=Li Lei is taller than anyone else in his class.李雷比班上其他任何人都高;Module 5 Lao She Teahouse重点知识讲解1．offer1做动词,意思是“提供；提议；提出”;常用的搭配：① offer sth.people willingly offered their blood.很多人自愿献血;② offer sb. sth.=offer sth. to sb. 把某物给予某人young man offered the old man his own seat on the bus.=The young man offered his own seat to the old man on the bus. 那个年轻人在公共汽车上将自己的座位让给了那位老人;③ offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事offered to lend me her bike.她提出将自行车借给我;2做名词,表示愿做某事或给予某物后接of/to do sth ;you for your kind offer of helping me.= Thank you for your kind offer to help me.谢谢你提供的帮助;show做及物动词,意为“展示；显示；给……看”,show后可接双宾语;① show sb. sth.或show sth. to sb. 给某人看或者展示某物me your pen, please.=Show your pen to me, please.请让我看一下你的钢笔;Show your tickets, please.请出示车票;注意：在“show+间接宾语+直接宾语”结构中,若直接宾语为指物的代词it或them时,只能用“show itthem to sb.”结构;你有一支钢笔,请给我看看;You have a new pen, please show it to me. √You have a new pen, please show me it. ×②意为“带领”,常构成短语show sb. to, 意为“带某人去……”；show sb. around,意为“带某人参观”;show me to your school.请带我到你们学校去;Uncle Wang is going to show us around his farm.王叔叔将带领我们参观他的农场.③ show+ that从句看出或者显示说明……homework shows that you are careful.从你的作业上可以看出你很认真;此外,show还可用作名词,意为“展览；陈列；演出”,常构成短语on show,意为“陈列,展览” ;is going to be a picture show in our school.我们学校将举办一次画展;His pictures are on show now.他的画现在正在展览;3．If you like the Beijing Opera, traditional music or magic shows, you can enjoy them at the teahouse.如果你喜欢京剧、传统音乐和魔术表演,你可以在这家茶馆里欣赏到它们;1这个句子是一个由if引导的条件状语从句;if是连词,意思是“如果；若”;主句是you can enjoy them at the teahouse,从句是you like the Beijing opera, traditional music or magic shows;思考：如何使用if条件状语从句呢① 在句中做条件状语的从句是条件状语从句,可以放在句首,也可以放在句末;常见的if条件状语从句表示在某条件下,某事很可能发生;紧跟在if后面的句子是从句;you ask him,he will help you．如果你请他帮忙,他会帮你的;If you fail in the exam,you will let him down．如果你考试不及格,你会让他失望的;② 另外,if从句还表示不可实现的条件或根本不可能存在的条件,也就是一种虚拟的条件或假设;从句多用一般过去时或过去完成时,表示对现在或过去的一种假设;I were you,I would invite him to the party．如果我是你,我会邀请他参加聚会;学习小窍门：if 条件句不一般,几个要点记心间；条件句,放在前,逗号要放句中间;条件句表可能,主句多用将来时；条件句表事实,主句常用现在时;③ if：当“是否”讲时,引导宾语从句;don’t know if he will be free tomorrow.我不知道他明天是否有空;注意：if引导的条件状语从句中,如果主句使用的是一般将来时,或含有情态动词的句子或祈使句,从句通常用一般现在时;it rains tomorrow, we will not go to the zoo.如果明天下雨的话,我们将不去动物园;If he comes, let me know.如果他来,让我知道;从句用一般现在时,主句是祈使句难点知识讲解：动词不定式I1动词不定式的含义生活中我们常遇到“我努力去理解”、“决定留下来”等表达方式,其中连续出现了两个动词,这种情况下英语应该如何表达呢首先请看下面的例句：We decided to stay for a cup of tea.我们决定留下来喝杯茶;I tried to understand the words.我努力理解这些话;I want to go to the teahouse.我想去茶馆;这三个句子中使用了decide to do sth.,want to do sth.,try to do sth.的表达方式,即行为动词后的动词都采用了“to+动词原形”的结构;我们把这种结构称为动词不定式;其否定形式是“not to do”;2动词不定式作宾语的用法动词不定式置于谓语动词之后,作动词的宾语,表明意图、希望或决定的内容;在英语中,并不是所有两个动词连用时都采用“动词+不定式”的形式,一般说来,用不定式时,所表示的多为将来的行为;但是在具体使用中同学们还要注意记忆,因为动词不同,其后动词形式的要求也就不同;常见的后面接“to十动词原形”作宾语的动词有：plan, decide, hope, want, agree, offer, try, like, love等;口诀接不定式作宾语的动词想要学习早打算 want learn plan快准备有希望 prepare hope wish expect同意否供选择agree offer choose决定了已答应decide determine promise尽力去着手做manage undertake别拒绝别假装refuse pretend失败不是属于你failrefused to lend me his pen.汤姆拒绝把他的钢笔借给我;We hope to get there before dark.我们希望在天黑之前到达那儿;The girl decided to do it herself.这个女孩决定自己做;注意：某些及物动词可用-ing也可用动词不定式作宾语,但意义不同的有：Module 6 Animals in danger1.形容词变成副词的规律;一般在形容词的词尾加-ly可以变成副词;例如：quick—quickly, slow—slowly, loud—loudly, sudden—suddenly等;特殊情况：温馨提示：副词修饰行为动词这一点;如：He is very ________careful.He does everything ________carefully第一句中是作表语,用形容词careful；第二句中修饰行为动词does用副词carefully;常考的形容词和副词辨析有：hard 努力——hardly 几乎不；late迟的,晚的——lately 近来；deep 深——deeply 深深地；near靠近——nearly 差不多；wide 宽——widely 广泛地；high高的——highly 高度地；close 靠近的——closely 密切地； free免费的——freely 自由地;典例剖析：Tom studies ________ but his sister ________ studies.A．hard,hard B．hardly,hardlyC．hard,hardly D．hardly,hard答案：C解题技巧：此题第一个陷阱是hard和hardly的区别,通常我们会认为hard的副词是hardly,事实上hard 既是adj.又是adv.,而hardly是另外一个adv.,中文是“几乎不……”;hard作为adv.时,通常在修饰的动词之后,而hardly通常在动词之前,译这句中文“Tom学习努力,而他的妹妹则几乎不学习;”同根副词意义有别的;4．-ing形容词和-ed形容词的区别;5．复习动词不定式;1不定式的基本形式是“to＋动词原形”,或省略to用动词原形;在句中使用时不能作谓语,但可以和自己的宾语或状语构成不定式短语;mother wants her to read English every day.母亲要她的儿子每天读英语;My mother asked me not to read in bed.我的母亲要求我不要躺在床上看书;2不定式的句法作用：动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的作用,它可以作宾语、宾补和状语;① 作宾语wants to go out with her.他想和她一起出去;want to do sth.意为“想要做某事”注意：a. 一些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语,常见的这类词是表示命令、打算或希望,如：would like, want, wish, hope, decide, plan, expect等;you like to see a film this evening你今晚想去看电影吗b. 在find, think后跟不定式作宾语时,常用it代替,而将真正的宾语放在句末;find it easy to read English every day.我发现每天读英语很简单;② 作宾语补足语：动词不定式作宾补时,它与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系;asked him to turn down the radio.露丝要他关小收音机;他关小收音机注意：动词不定式在使役动词make, let和感官动词see, watch, hear, feel等词后作宾补时,常省去不定式符号to;had better, would rather后的不定式也不带to,help后的不定式可带to,也可不带to;mother makes her do homework every evening.她母亲要她每天晚上都写作业;Let’s see the dolphins.我们去看海豚吧;I hear her sing every day.我听见她每天都唱歌;You’d better do homework first.你最好先做作业;但make, see, hear等词在被动语态中,其后的不定式要带to;was heard to speak English.有人听到她说英语;③ 作目的状语,表示某一动作或状态的目的,常常翻译成“为了……”;它可置于句首或者句末;为了使目的意义更加清楚或表示强调意义时,还可以在前面加 in order to或so as to;Wang went to Shanghai to see her daughter.王女士去上海看望她的女儿;To arrive in time, we’ll start early.为了及时到达,我们将早出发;We should work hard in order to pass the exam.=We should work hard so as to pass the exam.我们应该努力学习以便我们能通过考试;注意：不定式的否定形式是在不定式前加not;told us not to play basketball too long.他们告诉我们不要打太长时间的篮球;You’d better not go to bed late.你最好不要睡觉太晚;M7 A famous story1. a girl called Alice.此处called为过去分词,修饰girl,放在名词之后;相当于named.down 跌倒,掉下 fall behind 跟不上,落在……后面fall into 落入……中 fall off 从……上掉下来 fall back 退回fall asleep 入睡 fall ill 生病Eg：She fell down and hurt her leg yesterday.Leaves fall off the trees in fall.They felt tired and fell asleep quickly.3. It was sitting in a tree and smiling at everyone.in a tree 外来物或人在树上on a tree 树上本身有的东西：apple等在树上Eg：There is a bird in the tree.There are a lot of apples on the tree.smile at sb 对sb微笑Eg：Lucy is very kind and always smiles at others.4.“到达”的表达：arrive in+大地点 get to +地点 reach +地点at+小地点 get home\there\here5. have a tea party 举办茶会6. To see if you remember the story.To see 为不定式,在此处作目的状语,表示“为了看看”If引导的是一个宾语从句,表示“是否”,不充当任何成分,与whether可以互换7. have nothing to do 没什么事可做 nothing\something to eat\drinknothing 作主语时,谓语动词用第三人称单数8. once or twice=from time to time 偶尔Eg：Once or twice he goes to school on foot.once 一次 twice 两次三次及以上：数词+times three times six times9. what……for=why…… 为什么；……有什么用Eg：1 ---What are you sitting on the eggs for---I’m sitting on them to hatch the chicks.2 ---Why are you late again---Because there is an accident on the road.10. nothing strange 没什么奇怪的事形容词strange作后置定语,修饰不定代词nothing;在英语中,当形容修饰不定代词something\anything\nothing\everything等时,形容词必须放在不定代词后面,作后置定语;Eg：I have something important to do.There is something strange appeared in the sky.11. hear sb do sth 听到sb 做sth此处是省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语,类似的有make\let\have\help sb do sth 等hear sb doing sth 听到sb 正在做sthEg：I heard her play the piano in the next room just now.I hear someone singing in the room.sth out of sp 把sth从sp掏出rush\jump out of sp 从sp冲\跳出去13. across 表示动作是在物体的表面进行,如过河,过桥,过马路;through 表示动作是在物体的内部空间进行,如穿过森林、门、隧道,光线射入等Eg：Be careful to look both ways before you go across the road.The driver must slow down when they drive through the tunnel.14. too……to…… 太……而不能……Eg：He is too young to carry the heavy bag.拓展：1 too……to……可以和so……that……互换Eg：She is too young to go to school.=She is so young that she can’t go to school.2 too……to……可以和not……enough to……互换not后的形容词与too后的形容词是相反的Eg：She is too young to go to school.=She is not old enough to go to school.15. land on 落到……上；着陆Eg：The plane will land on the island in five minutes.16. 宾语从句：1 定义：在主从复合句中,充当宾语成分的从句就叫做宾语从句;2 位置：常在及物动词或介词之后;3 引导词：that 无意义,不充当任何成分,常可以省略；if\whether表示“是否”,不充当任何成分,两者可以互换,但有or not时只能用whether；who\what\where\when\why等表示“谁”、“什么”、“哪里”、“何时”、“为什么”,分别可以充当主语、宾语、地点状语、时间状语和原因状语,不可以省略;4 语序：陈述句语序,即“主语+谓语”5 时态：当主句为现在或将来时态时,宾语从句可以使用任何时态；当主句为过去时态时,宾语从句可以使用过去的某种时态一般过去时,过去进行时等；当主句为过去时态时,宾语从句表示一种客观真理、事实时,用一般现在时;Eg：I know that you met him yesterday.He asked if I would come.I don’t understand what you say.He said there were no classes yesterday afternoon.The teacher said that light travels faster than sound.M8 Accidents1. on the phone 通过电话通话on 表示“通过”2. look pale 看起来很苍白此处look作为半系动词,后跟adj. 常见的半系动词有taste\smell\sound\feel.Eg：The music sounds good.The food tastes delicious.The sofa feels comfortable.3. listen 听强调听的过程,后接宾语时需加to,即listen to……hear 听到强调听到的结果,后接do或doingEg：We should listen to the teachers carefully.I hear someone singing in the next room. 我听到有人正在隔壁房间唱歌I hear someone sing in the next room. 我听到有人在隔壁房间唱歌v. 出现→ appearancen. disappearv. 消失Eg：He suddenly disappeared in front of us.5. hit 撞击；打Eg：The bus hits the bridge.He hits me on the head.此外,hit 还可以作名词,表示“轰动一时的成功”Eg：His song made a hit.6. be glad to do sth 很高兴去做sthEg：I am glad to see you again.7. in time 及时on time 准时,按时Eg：I hope you can come back in time.Please hand in your homework on time.8. fall off=fall down from 从……摔下来你 fall asleep 入睡 fall into 掉入fall in love with sb 爱上某人 fall behind 落在……后面9. the risk of ……的风险 side by side 肩并肩pay attention to注意……to 是一个介词,后接名词或doingEg：We should pay more attention to developing economy.10. sometimes 有时 some times 几次；几倍sometime 将来或过去某个时候 some time 一段时间Eg：He sometimes sends me an e-mail.Remember it some times, or you will forget it.Let’s have a party sometime next week.I will stay with you for some time.11. try to do sth 试图去做某事try one’s best to do sth 尽某人全力去做某事 have a try 试一试Eg：The little boy tries to go across the road by himself.We should try our best to save the animals in danger.Do you have a try12. pick up 捡起,拾起代词只能放中间,名词放在中间或后面均可pick sb up 开车接某人 pick sth up 学会某事Eg：After school, his father drives his car to pick him up everyday.Mike picked up a few words of Chinese last summer.13. call sb call up=ring up 打电话给sb call on 拜访sbEg：Call me up tomorrow.I called on my grandparents yesterday.14. take photos 照相15. hide—hid—hidden 隐藏 hide up 包庇坏人hide sth from sb 瞒着某人某事 hide out 躲藏Eg：---Why did the policeman catch the man just now---He hid up the murderer.She hid her brother’s death from her parents.16. throw—threw—thrown 扔；抛 throw away 抛弃throw about 到处乱扔 throw at 向……扔去Eg：Don’t throw about the waste paper.The naughty boy throws at the dog a stone.17. As he was lying there in great pain,Henry suddenly remember the photo.lie 此处为不及物动词,意为“躺”;其过去式、过去分词分别为lay,lain；现在分词为lying;He was lying on the bed.lie 的其他用法：①不及物动词,意为“说谎”;过去式、过去分词均为lied；现在分词为lying;lie to sb 向sb撒谎 Eg：Don’t lie to me.②不及物动词,意为“位于”;此时其过去式、过去分词分别为lay,lain；现在分词为lying;Shandong lies in the east of China. 山东位于中国东部;18. hurry up hurry to do sth in a hurry19. as 当……时=when\whilel as……a s 与……一样 not as\so……as 与……不一样l as……as possible尽可能=as……as sb can\couldl as soon as 一……就Eg：He is as tall as me.We should study as hard as possible.I will call you as soon as I get home.20. send sth to sb=send sb sthshow sth to stb=show sb sth21. use A to do B 用A去做B → A be used to do B A被用来做Bget\be used to doing 习惯于做sth used to do sth 过去常常做sthEg：We can use the bamboo to make a basket.He is\gets used to getting up early.He used to get up early.22. on one’s way to 在sb去……路上 get in the way 妨碍in this way 用这种方法 by the way 顺便问下 in a way 在某种程度take off 飞机起飞；脱下衣服make a decision to do sth=decide to do sth 决定做某事语法全解：when和while 都表示主从句的动作或状态同时发生,但二者意义不尽相同;1.when引导的从句可表示时间点,也可表示时间段,从句的位于动词既可以是延续性动词,也可以是非延续性动词；while引导的从句通常表示时间段,从句中宜用延续性动词作谓语;They arrived while we were watching TV.2.含有when引导的时间状语的主从复合句,如果主句用过去进行时,从句应该用一般过去式,表示一个动作正在进行的时候另一个动作发生,强调后一动作发生的突然性;We were watching TV when suddenly the lights went off.3.当主从句的动作都是延续的或同时发生,主从句都用过去进行时的时候,从句多用while引导;They were reading while we were writing .4. 如果表示从句的动作在主句的动作“之前”或“之后”发生时,多用when,不用while;此外,when还含有“at the moment “的意思,此时引导的句子不能放在句首,也不能用while来替换主谓一致判断法主谓一致是指在一个英语句子中,主语和谓语在人称和数上要保持一致,这种一致性体现在联系动词be和助动词do, have的人称和数上,以及实义动词的第三人称单数上1. 不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式2. 动名词或动词不定式作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式3. Either…or… : neither…nor…: not only…but also…: 连接两个名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词与邻近的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致;4. 在here : there 开头的倒装句中,谓语动词与后面的珠玉在数上保持一致;M9 Population1. The population of China is about .The population of sp is……. 表示sp有多少人;此外用sp has a population of……也可以表示sp有多少人;形容人口population的多少用big/ large 或 small 当population 作主语时,谓语动词用单数●询问某地有多少人口有两种表达方法：1．What’s the population of …2. How large is the population of …注意：询问某地有多少人口时不用how many 和 how muchhundred\thousand\million\billion等前有数字,用单数形式 three hundredhundred\thousand\million\billion等后有of,用复数形式 thousands of2. noise n. 噪音 noisyadj. 吵闹的 make noise 发出噪音voice 指嗓音人说话或唱歌sound 指一切声音3. prepare 准备 prepare for 为……做准备 prepare to do sth 准备去做某事.Eg：They are preparing for the New Year.We prepare to go fishing next weekend.4. report 报告；报道 make a report 做报告 reporter 记者,通讯员notes 名词复数形式“笔记随笔” make notes 记笔记5. such as \for example 例如,比如too much+不可数名词 much too+adj. 太……too many+可数名词Eg： I like fruit, such as apples, bananas.I have too much homework to do today.That dress is much too long for me.There are too many people in the shop on Sunday.6. increase by+倍数\百分数增加了……to+具体增长后的数字增加到……Eg：The number of teachers increased by twice.The population of the town increased to 50000.7. be born in+年份\地点 I was born in 1985.of+家庭 He was born of a rich family.8. one fifth 五分之一分数的表达法：分子在前,用基数词；分母在后,用序数词;当分子大于1时,分母需要用复数如：two thirds9. hang on a minute. 稍等10. quiet adj. 安静的；宁静的 quietlyadv. 安静地quite adv.相当,十分 Eg：Please keep quiet, my father is sleeping now. She is quite beautiful in that red coat.11. close to=next to 靠近,挨着 Eg：His house is close to a supermarket.12. move to 移到 Eg：More and more people move to the big cities these years.13. It be +adj. to do sth one of + 可数名词复数……之一谓语动词用单数14. local 当地的 close down 关闭 Eg：The local government should do something to solve the water pollution. This shop closed down last year.15. It takes sb st to do sth sb spends st\sm on sth in doing sth sth costs sb sm sb pay sth for sm 16. public services 公共服务 a public telephone 公用电话 in public 在公共场合 the public 公众17. in fact 事实上 all over the world 全世界18. face danger 面对危险 face to face 面对面地 make a face 做鬼脸 as a result 结果是；因此19.die from 由于……而死死于外因,如事故等die of 因……而死死于内因,如疾病等 Eg：He died from an accident. A lot of people died of cancers20.leave 离开某地① leave for+目的地前往目的地启程去某地I’ll leave for Shanghai next week.② leave 还有“忘了带,留下”之意 I left my book at home .21.辨析： job 与 work job cn 指具体的职业或零工 workun指人们日常生活和工作中从事的体力或脑力劳动Grammer: 冠词：是限定的一种词,不能单独使用,常用于修饰名词;冠词有三种形式：不定冠词a/an, 定冠词the和零冠词/;● 1.不定冠词的用法不定冠词用来修饰可数名词单数,指人或物种的某一个或某一类,但不具体说明是何人何物;不定冠词的常见用法有：①表示“一个”的概念; Population is a big problem for cities .②表示“每一“的概念,相当于every ; I watch TV once a week .③首次提到的某人或某物,不定冠词起介绍作用; A student wants to ask you some questions④某些固定短语中,要用不定冠词; have a good time have a look have a rest ●2.定冠词的用法①指前文中提到过的人或物; I have a dog . The dog is black .②特指某人或某物; The girl with long hair is my younger sister .③指说话双方都知道的人或物I had to write the same report last term .④用于专有名词前; the Great Wall the Pacific Ocean ⑤用于世界上独一无二的事物前; the sun the moon ⑥用于姓氏复数形式之前,表示“一家人”或“夫妇二人”; the Smiths⑦用于形容词最高级前; the biggest city⑧用于序数词前;the first boy⑨用于西洋乐器名词前; play the piano ⑩某些形容词前加定冠词 the ,表示一类人或物;the young the old⑾用于某些固定短语中 : in the morning the day after tomorrow ●3.零冠词的用法①在球类活动,学科名词前以及节日,月份,星期前不用冠词; Tom can play volleyball .②名词前已有指示代词,物主代词,不定代词或数词等作定语时名词前不用冠词There are many books in her schoolbag.③在某些固定短语或习惯用语中不用冠词 by bus have breakfast at home at night 『注意』:在某些短语中,名词前用冠词和不用冠词的意义有所不同;in hospital in the hospital at table at the table in class in the class数字 : 分为基数词和序数词;本模块中,我们重点学习数字的读法;在英语中,每三位数字为一个单位,按照百,十,个位向下读;而进位的读法则为thousand, million , billion向上递增;数次的常见用法：①分数表达法在英语中,分子用基数词,分母用序数词;当分子是1时,分母用原形；当分子大于1时,分母用复数形式;1/3 ：one thirds 2/3 : two thirds ②百分数的表达百分数用percent 表示,符号为% 如： 5% 读作 five present .M10 The weather1.关于天气的单词：名词 cloudrainsnowsunwindfog。
