石河子大学2013至2014学年第一学期期末试卷 A卷
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石河子大学2013至2014学年第2学期护理本科社区护理学课程试卷A一、名词解释 ( 英文名词解释请先翻译为汉语,再进行解释,每题3分共15分)1. Community health education:2. 自我护理:3. 家庭访视:4. 计划免疫:5. Health record:二、填空题(每空1分共15分)1. 社区护理的发展走过了三个阶段,依次是_____________,_____________,_____________。
2. 社区健康教育评估从以下______________ ,______________,_________________, _____________四个方面收集资料。
3. 社区发生灾害事件时,社区护士的具体工作包括______________ ,______________, _________________ 三项。
4. 预防亚健康的十字方针是_____________,_____________,_____________,_____________,_____________。
三、单项选择题(每题1分共30分)注意:请将选择题答案写在下面的表格里!1.根据WHO的标准,一个有代表性的社区应具备的条件为( )A.人口在10~30万之间B.人口在6~8万人之间C.人口在3~5万人之间D.面积在50~5000平方公里2.社区内的各种社会群体和组织之间的相互关系反应社区的( )A.结构要素特点B.同质性特点C.地域性特点D.人口数量特点3. 保持和增进全民健康最恰当的方法是( )A.使人人重视自我保健B.重视预防C.依靠社区护士D.依靠医院服务4. 关于社区健康护理收集资料的方法中不正确的是( )A.若干年来卫生人力资源情况调查属回顾性调查B.全国性及地方性普查获得的医疗、卫生防疫等资料为一手资料C.社区访谈对象是社区起决定作用的人D.通过问卷的方式进行居民健康普查等是现状调查5. 哪项不是确定社区健康护理诊断的依据( )A.社会环境因素B.社区人群的高血压患病率C.病理生理因素D.可利用的卫生服务资源6. 健康教育目的最终目的是( )A.帮助人们掌握基本的健康知识和技能B.引导和促进人们树立健康观念C.改善、维护和促进个人、家庭、社区的健康D.要求人们自觉采纳有利于健康的行为和生活方式7.下列哪项指标不能反映社区人群的健康状况( )A.发病率与患病率B.死亡率与平均寿命C.少年儿童的生长发育指标D.社会效益和经济效益8.根据优先访问的原则,访视对象应排在首位的是( )A.老年糖尿病人B.新生儿C.独居老人D.传染病人9.下列哪项不属于社区护理管工作的考核指标( )A.居民对护理服务的投诉率B.社区居民的发病率C.护理差错事故发生率D.家庭护理病历建档率10. 在个人、家庭和社区的健康评估中错误的说法是( )A.个人健康护理资料主要以个人生理、心理、社会、文化、精神等内容为主B.家庭健康护理主要收集家庭功能、家庭发展阶段、家庭环境等资料C.社区健康护理主要收集社区人口学资料、社区环境特征指标和社区人群健康状况指标的资料D.都应该有问诊、二手资料分析法和观察法11. WHO提倡的婴儿至少要保持纯母乳喂养( )A.2~3个月B.3~4个月C.4~6个月D.12个月12.学龄期儿童保健重点是( )A.完成基础计划免疫B.定时进行家庭访视C.加强传染病的防治D.保证营养,加强体格锻炼13.进行人工喂养时错误的做法是( )A.按需喂养B.根据月龄选择奶嘴C.调制的配方奶溶液可浓不可稀D.两顿奶之间需喂适量温开水以补充水分14.预防接种应在现场观察的时间是()A.5~10分钟B.15~30分钟C.30~45分钟D.1个小时15. 指出不属于计划生育统计指标的是( )A.新生儿死亡率B.人口自然增长率C.人口出生率D.晚婚率16. 新婚夫妇一般不选用的避孕措施是( )A.避孕套B.子宫帽C.避孕药D.宫内节孕器17.关于孕期各种营养素的需要量正确的是()A.每日总热量约需3000KcalB.妊娠期需蛋白质每日总量约80~90gC.糖的供给量应占总热量的25%D.脂肪的供给量应占总热量的55~60% 18.产前检查应在()A.孕28周后每周1次B.孕36周后每周1次C.孕36周后每4周1次D.孕12周后每2周次19.正确的孕期卫生保健指导是()A.孕妇在整个孕期都可盆浴或淋浴B.孕妇睡眠时应采取侧卧姿势,最好是右侧卧位C.孕妇刷牙时应用软毛牙刷,动作应轻柔,可口服维生素D.扁平或凹陷的乳头不利于哺乳,但产后可自行恢复20. 对糖尿病孕妇护理不当的是()A.适当运动可促进糖利用,提高组织对胰岛素的敏感性B.原则上控制血糖值达正常水平而孕妇又无饥饿感为宜C.应使用胰岛素进行药物治疗D.可使用磺脲类降糖药治疗21.以下对妊娠合并病毒性肝炎孕妇(产妇)的护理措施中描述错误的是( )A.重症肝炎的孕妇,产前应限制蛋白质的摄入量每天<1g/㎏B.产前出现便秘时可用白醋稀释灌肠C.产后严密执行消毒隔离制度,预防感染D.给与高维生素、足量碳水化合物、低脂肪的饮食22.关于摄入食盐的指导叙述不正确是()A.可以使用中药材和辛香料调味B.可以喝一些炒菜的汤C.有盐菜与无盐菜配合吃D.避免食用盐渍小吃23. 按照亚健康概念的构成要素分类,以下哪项不属于亚健康()A.高致病危险因子状态B.不明原因综合征C.不定陈述综合征D.疾病后状态24. 全世界处于亚健康的人群比例占()A.5%B.75%C.25%D.70%25.亚健康的临床表现不包括( )A.抑郁、焦虑B.短时记忆不受影响,长时记忆下降C.食欲不振D.失眠或嗜睡26.关于中年人注意膳食平衡的具体方法中错误的是( )A.每日争取摄取30品种食物B.动物性脂肪与植物性脂肪摄入之比为1:2~1:4C.蔗糖的摄取,每日最好限制在100g以下D.控制脂肪的摄取,应占总热量的20%~25%27.戒烟和减少吸烟指导中错误的做法是( )A.每天减少吸烟量,吸烟时要慢吸B.烟中尼古丁导致心率加快,血压升高,四肢末梢血管收缩C.让吸烟者了解吸烟对人体的危害D.吸尼古丁和焦油含量低的烟28.老年人的生理特点中说法错误的是()A.鼻毛出现白色化则是评价衰老指标之一B.从45岁以后,每10年身高降低1cmC.肾实质的肾单位数目减少,肾小球滤过率下降,肾小管的浓缩及稀释能力减退,导致夜尿增多D.老年人往往药物代谢速度减慢和代偿功能降低,这主要是由于肝细胞体积变大但数量减少所致。
2013—2014学年第一学期《高等数学I 、II 》考试试卷(A 卷)一、填空题(每小题3分,共48分)1. 2()ln(1)f x x =-, 已知 000()(2)3lim2h f x f x h h →--=, =0x 13- .2. 2sin 10()0ax x e x f x x a x ⎧+-≠⎪=⎨⎪=⎩在0x =处连续,则a = 1- . 3. 函数32()391f x x x x =--+的既递减又上凸的区间是 (1,1)- .4. 21tx t y e ⎧=+⎨=⎩,则22d d y x 4t t. 5. 设)(x f 在0=x 点处连续,且0()lim12x f x x→=,那么(0)f '= 2 6. 222||2x x dx x -++⎰ ln3 .7.x y dye dx+=的通解为 y x e e c --=+ 8. 设3(1)f x x +=,则(1)f x '-= 23(2)x - .9. 方程2610y e xy x ++-=确定隐函数()y y x =,则(0)y '= 0 。
10. 若函数)(x f 具有二阶连续导数,,0)()(21='='x f x f ),(0)( 21x f x f ''<<''则12(),().f x f x 的大小关系为 ).()(21x f x f >11. 变上限函数⎰21sin x tdt 的导数等于 2sin 2x x12. 设x ,x e ,x e -是二阶非齐次线性微分方程)()()(x f y x b y x a y =+'+''的三个特解,则该方程的通解为x x e C x e C y x x +-+-=-)()(21。
得 分13. 广义积分21(ln )edx x x +∞⎰= 1 。
14. 微分方程052=+'-''y y y 的通解为12(cos 2sin 2)x y e c x c x =+ 15. ⎰⎰'+=dx x f x c x dx x f )( ,sin )(2 2sin 2sin x x x C -+ .16. 函数x e x f -=)(的四阶麦克劳林公式是)(!!!443243211x o xx x x ++-+-二、计算题(满分24分,每小题6分)17.求020()lim (0,0)ln(1)xt t xx a b dt a b t dt→->>+⎰⎰)(b a ≠原式=-+→limln()x x x a b x 0212 3分=-+→lim ln ln x x x a a b b x 0412=14lna b 3分18、求曲线xex y 12-+=)(的渐近线。
考前注意事项:●试卷统一用A4纸双面打印后提交给各班班长●试题中的题录保存统一按以下标准格式著录:1.期刊论文格式主要责任者.文献题名[J]。
刊名,出版年份,卷号(期号):起止页码.如:褚婷婷.世界经济亟需一个再平衡过程[J].两岸关系,2005,(4):32—33.2.学位论文格式主要责任者.文献题名[D].保存地:保存单位,年份如:张和生.地质力学系统理论[D].太原:太原理工大学,1998。
3。
图书格式主要责任者.书名[M].出版地:出版者,出版年如:刘国钧,郑如斯.中国书的故事[M]。
北京:中国青年出版社,1979。
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海南大学2013-2014学年第一学期《文献信息检索与利用》试卷学号 20121714310090姓名张方石学院经济与管理学院年级大二专业金融学任课老师李春香成绩一、在计算机检索系统中,布尔逻辑符有几个?写出中文和英文的布尔逻辑符号,以及所表达的关系;检索效果评价有哪两个最重要的指标?(10分)答:布尔逻辑符有三种。
分别是“与”、“或”、“非”,分别用“and"、“or”、“not”来表示,也可以用“*"、“+”、“—”来表示。
下面用检索词A和检索词B来表达之间的关系。
逻辑“与”用“AND"或“*”表示.可用来表示其所连接的两个检索项的交叉部分,也即交集部分。
如果用AND连接检索词A和检索词B,则检索式为:A AND B (或 A*B):表示让系统检索同时包含检索词A和检索词B的信息集合C。
逻辑“或”用“OR”或“+”表示.用于连接并列关系的检索词。
用OR连接检索词A和检索词B,则检索式为:A OR B(或 A+B)。
表示让系统查找含有检索词A、B之一,或同时包括检索词A和检索词B的信息。
逻辑“非”用“NOT"或“—”号表示.用于连接排除关系的检索词,即排除不需要的和影响检索结果的概念。
2013-2014年秋季学期期末考试试卷一、单选题1.下列各组中属于相对性状的是()A、玉米的黄粒和圆粒B、家鸡的长腿和毛腿C、绵羊的白毛和黑毛D、豌豆的高茎和豆荚的绿色2.羊的毛色白色对黑色为显性,两只杂合白羊为亲本,接连生下了3只小羊是白羊,若它们再生第4只小羊,其毛色()A、一定是白色的B、是白色的可能性大C、一定是黑色的D、是黑色的可能性大3.基因分离规律的实质是()A、子二代出现性状分离B、子二代性状的分离比为3:1C、测交后代性状的分离比为3:1D、等位基因随同源染色体的分开而分离4.下列基因型中哪一项是纯合体()A、BbDDB、 DdCcC、EERrD、AAbb5.互为同源染色体的两条染色体,没有下列哪项特征()A、一条来自父方,一条来自母方B、在四分体期共用一个着丝点C、形态、大小一般相同D、在减数分裂过程中有联会现象6.下列属于等位基因的是()A. A与bB. Y与yC. E与ED. f与f7.减数分裂与有丝分裂相比较,减数分裂所特有的是()A、DNA分子的复制B、着丝点的分裂C、染色质形成染色体D、出现四分体8.人的精子中有23条染色体,则人的神经细胞、初级精母细胞、卵细胞中分别有染色体多少条()A、46、23、23B、46、46、23C、0、46、0D、0、46、239.右图为某高等哺乳动物的一个细胞示意图,该细胞属于()A、卵原细胞B、初级卵母细胞C、第一极体D、卵细胞10.若某动物细胞内有两对同源染色体,分别用A和a,B和b表示。
下列各组精子中由同一个精原细胞经减数分裂形成的是()A、AB、ab、ab、AB B、AB、aB、aB、ABC、AB、Ab、aB、abD、aB、aB、ab、ab11.根据现代生物进化理论,物种形成的基本环节不包括()A、突变和基因重组B、自然选择C、生存斗争D、地理隔离和生殖隔离12.下列关于种群的说法,错误的是()A、生物进化的基本单位是种群B、一个池塘中全部的鱼是一个种群C、一个种群的全部基因叫做种群的基因库D、种群是生物繁殖的基本单位13.人、噬菌体、禽流感病毒中参与构成核酸的碱基种类数分别是()A、4、4、5B、5、4、4C、4、5、4D、5、4、514.噬菌体侵染细菌的实验证明了()A、蛋白质是遗传物B、DNA是遗传物质C、DNA是主要的遗传物质D、蛋白质和DNA是遗传物质15.决定DNA分子有特异性的因素是()A、两条长链上的脱氧核苷酸与磷酸的交替排列顺序是稳定不变的B、构成DNA分子的脱氧核苷酸只有四种C、严格的碱基互补配对原则D、每个DNA分子都有特定的碱基排列顺序16.一个由N15标记的DNA分子,放在没有标记的环境中培养,复制4次后标记的DNA分子占DNA分子总数的()A、 1/4B、 1/8C、1/16D、1/2417.基因重组的过程发生在()A、减数分裂过程中B、有丝分裂过程中C、受精作用过程中D、不同品种嫁接过程中18.下图是人类一种遗传病的家系图:推测这种病最可能的遗传方式是()A.常染色体显性遗传B.常染色体隐性遗传C.伴X染色体显性遗传D.伴X染色体隐性遗传19.进行无性生殖的生物,其可遗传的变异来源是()A、基因突变和染色体变异B、基因重组和染色体C、基因重组和染色体变异D、基因重组、基因突变和染色体变异20.下列有关染色体、DNA 、基因三者关系的叙述,错误的是()A、每条染色体上含有一个或两个DNA ,DNA 分子上含有多个基因B、生物的传种接代中,染色体的行为决定着DNA和基因的行为C、三者都是生物细胞内的主要遗传物质D、三者能复制、分离和传递21.控制生物性状的基因是指()A、DNA 分子的片段联B、DNA 分子中脱氧核苷酸的排列顺序C、DNA 分子的一条链D、有遗传效应的DNA 片段22.遗传学上的密码子是指()A、DNA一条链上相邻的3个碱基B、mRNA上决定一个氨基酸的3个相邻碱基C、tRNA上一端的3个碱基D、DNA分子上3个相邻的碱基对23.与DNA相比,RNA所特有的成分是()A、脱氧核糖和鸟嘌呤B、核糖和尿嘧啶C、脱氧核糖和胸腺嘧啶D、核糖和胸腺嘧啶24.基因在染色体上的实验证据是()A、孟德尔的豌豆杂交实验B、萨顿蝗虫细胞观察实验C、摩尔根的果蝇杂交实验D、现代分子生物学技术印证25.在一个种群随机抽出一定数量的个体,其中基因型AA的个体占24%,基因型Aa的个体占72%,基因型aa的个体占4%,则基因A和a的频率分别是()A、24%,72%B、36%,64%C、57%,43%D、60%,40%26.下列关于基因与染色体关系的描述,正确的是()A、基因与染色体是一一对应的关系B、基因与染色体毫无关系C、一个基因是由一条染色体构成的D、基因在染色体上呈线性排列27.下列属于利用基因工程技术培育的新品种的是()A、耐寒的小黑麦B、抗棉铃虫的转基因抗虫棉C、太空椒D、试管牛28.水毛茛是一种水生植物,它的叶生长在水中呈丝状,长在水面上呈扁片状,水毛茛叶的这种性状变异说明()A、环境因素引起基因突变B、环境因素引起基因重组C、环境因素引起染色体变D、表现型是基因型和环境条件共同作用的结果29.“DNA指纹技术”在刑事侦破、亲子鉴定等方面作用巨大,这主要是根据DNA具有()A、稳定性B、特异性C、多样性D、可变性30.基因突变是生物变异的根本来源和生物进化的重要因素,其原因是()A、能产生大量有利变异B、发生的频率大C、能产生新基因D、能改变生物的表现型31.测得某DNA片段含有碱基1600个,其中腺嘌呤占27.5%,问该DNA复制两次需要游离的鸟嘌呤脱氧核苷酸有多少个()A.2520个 B.1480个C.1080个 D.720个32.下列说法正确的是()A、基因突变对于生物个体是利多于弊B、基因重组能产生新的基因C、基因突变都可以遗传给后代D、基因重组是进行有性生殖的生物才具有的一种可遗传变异方式33.下列关于育种优点的叙述,不正确的是()A、多倍体较二倍体茎杆粗大,果实种子大B、杂交育种能产生新基因C、人工诱变育种能提高变异频率D、利用单倍体育种能明显缩短育种年限34.由含有三个染色体组的生殖细胞直接发育的生物体为()A、六倍体B、三倍体C、二倍体D、单倍体35.下列与多倍体形成有关的是()A、染色体结构的变异B、纺锤体的形成受到抑制C、个别染色体增加D、非同源染色体自由组合36.一条多肽链中有氨基酸1000个,作为合成该多肽链模板的mRNA分子和用来转录成mRNA的DNA分子,至少含有碱基的数量分别是()A、3000个和3000个B、1000个和2000个C、2000个和4000个D、3000个和6000个37.有翅昆虫有时会出现残翅和无翅的突变类型,这类昆虫在正常情况下很难生存下来,但在经常遭到暴风雨袭击的岛屿,这种突变类型因不能飞行,而未被大风吹到海里淹死,这一事实说明()A、突变多数是有害的B、突变多数是有利的C、突变的有利和有害并不是绝对的D、突变的有利和有害是绝对的38.白化病人出现白化症状的根本原因是()A、病人体内缺乏黑色素B、病人体内无酪氨酸C、控制合成酪氨酸酶的基因不正常D、长期见不到阳光所致39.按自由组合定律遗传,能产生四种类型配子的基因型是()A、YyRRB、AabbC、BbDdEeD、MmNnPP40.减数分裂过程中,染色体的变化行为是()A、复制->分离->联会->分裂B、联会->复制->分离->分裂C、联会->复制->分裂->分离D、复制->联会->分离->分裂41.减数分裂过程中,染色体数目减半发生在()A、精原细胞增长增大时B、第一次分裂结束时C、第二次分裂结束时D、精细胞变成精子时42.下列对四分体的叙述正确的是()A、一个细胞中含有4条染色体B、一个细胞中含有4对染色体C、一个细胞中含有4条染色单体D、一对同源染色体含4条染色单体43.噬菌体在增殖过程中利用的原料是()A、噬菌体的核苷酸和氨基酸B、噬菌体的核苷酸和细菌的氨基酸C、细菌的核苷酸和氨基酸D、噬菌体的氨基酸和细菌的核苷酸44.将单个的脱氧核苷酸连接成DNA分子的主要的酶是()A、DNA连接酶B、DNA酶C、DNA解旋酶D、DNA聚合酶45.某转运RNA的反密码子为UAC,它所转运的氨基酸是()A、缬氨酸(GUA)B、组氨酸(CAU)C、酪氨酸(UAC)D、甲硫氨酸(AUG)46.下列各图所表示的生物学意义,哪一项是错误的( )A、甲图中生物自交后代产生AaBBDD的生物体的概率为1/8B、乙图中黑方框表示男性患者,可推断该病最可能为X染色体隐性遗传病C、丙图所示的一对夫妇,如产生的后代是一个男孩,该男孩是患者的概率为1/2D、丁图表示哺乳动物细胞有丝分裂后期47.在细胞正常分裂的时,雄果蝇精巢中一定含有两个Y染色体的是( )A、减数第一次分裂的初级精母细胞B、有丝分裂中期的精原细胞C、减数第二次分裂的次级精母细胞D、有丝分裂后期的精原细胞48.基因工程的操作步骤包括以下几步,正确的操作顺序是()①目的基因与运载体结合;②将目的基因导入受体细胞;③目的基因的检测与鉴定;④提取目的基因。
石河子大学2013至2014学年第2学期护理本科社区护理学课程试卷A一、名词解释 ( 英文名词解释请先翻译为汉语,再进行解释,每题3分 共15分)1. Community health education :2. 自我护理:3. 家庭访视:4. 计划免疫:5. Health record :二、填空题 ( 每空1分 共15分)1. 社区护理的发展走过了三个阶段,依次是_____________,_____________, _____________。
2. 社区健康教育评估从以下______________ , ______________, _________________, _____________四个方面收集资料。
3. 社区发生灾害事件时,社区护士的具体工作包括______________ , ______________, _________________ 三项。
4. 预防亚健康的十字方针是_____________,_____________, _____________,_____________,_____________。
三、单项选择题(每题1分共30分)注意:请将选择题答案写在下面的表格里!1.根据WHO的标准,一个有代表性的社区应具备的条件为( )A.人口在10~30万之间B.人口在6~8万人之间C.人口在3~5万人之间D.面积在50~5000平方公里2.社区内的各种社会群体和组织之间的相互关系反应社区的( )A.结构要素特点B.同质性特点C.地域性特点D.人口数量特点3. 保持和增进全民健康最恰当的方法是( )A.使人人重视自我保健B.重视预防C.依靠社区护士D.依靠医院服务4. 关于社区健康护理收集资料的方法中不正确的是( )A.若干年来卫生人力资源情况调查属回顾性调查B.全国性及地方性普查获得的医疗、卫生防疫等资料为一手资料C.社区访谈对象是社区起决定作用的人D.通过问卷的方式进行居民健康普查等是现状调查5. 哪项不是确定社区健康护理诊断的依据( )A.社会环境因素B.社区人群的高血压患病率C.病理生理因素D.可利用的卫生服务资源6. 健康教育目的最终目的是( )A.帮助人们掌握基本的健康知识和技能B.引导和促进人们树立健康观念C.改善、维护和促进个人、家庭、社区的健康D.要求人们自觉采纳有利于健康的行为和生活方式7.下列哪项指标不能反映社区人群的健康状况( )A.发病率与患病率B.死亡率与平均寿命C.少年儿童的生长发育指标D.社会效益和经济效益8.根据优先访问的原则,访视对象应排在首位的是( )A.老年糖尿病人B.新生儿C.独居老人D.传染病人9.下列哪项不属于社区护理管工作的考核指标( )A.居民对护理服务的投诉率B.社区居民的发病率C.护理差错事故发生率D.家庭护理病历建档率10. 在个人、家庭和社区的健康评估中错误的说法是( )A.个人健康护理资料主要以个人生理、心理、社会、文化、精神等内容为主B.家庭健康护理主要收集家庭功能、家庭发展阶段、家庭环境等资料C.社区健康护理主要收集社区人口学资料、社区环境特征指标和社区人群健康状况指标的资料D.都应该有问诊、二手资料分析法和观察法11. WHO提倡的婴儿至少要保持纯母乳喂养( )A.2~3个月B.3~4个月C.4~6个月D.12个月12.学龄期儿童保健重点是( )A.完成基础计划免疫B.定时进行家庭访视C.加强传染病的防治D.保证营养,加强体格锻炼13.进行人工喂养时错误的做法是( )A.按需喂养B.根据月龄选择奶嘴C.调制的配方奶溶液可浓不可稀D.两顿奶之间需喂适量温开水以补充水分14.预防接种应在现场观察的时间是()A.5~10分钟B.15~30分钟C.30~45分钟D.1个小时15. 指出不属于计划生育统计指标的是( )A.新生儿死亡率B.人口自然增长率C.人口出生率D.晚婚率16. 新婚夫妇一般不选用的避孕措施是( )A.避孕套B.子宫帽C.避孕药D.宫内节孕器17.关于孕期各种营养素的需要量正确的是()A.每日总热量约需3000KcalB.妊娠期需蛋白质每日总量约80~90gC.糖的供给量应占总热量的25%D.脂肪的供给量应占总热量的55~60%18.产前检查应在()A.孕28周后每周1次B.孕36周后每周1次C.孕36周后每4周1次D.孕12周后每2周次19.正确的孕期卫生保健指导是()A.孕妇在整个孕期都可盆浴或淋浴B.孕妇睡眠时应采取侧卧姿势,最好是右侧卧位C.孕妇刷牙时应用软毛牙刷,动作应轻柔,可口服维生素D.扁平或凹陷的乳头不利于哺乳,但产后可自行恢复20. 对糖尿病孕妇护理不当的是()A.适当运动可促进糖利用,提高组织对胰岛素的敏感性B.原则上控制血糖值达正常水平而孕妇又无饥饿感为宜C.应使用胰岛素进行药物治疗D.可使用磺脲类降糖药治疗21.以下对妊娠合并病毒性肝炎孕妇(产妇)的护理措施中描述错误的是 ( ) A.重症肝炎的孕妇,产前应限制蛋白质的摄入量每天<1g/㎏B.产前出现便秘时可用白醋稀释灌肠C.产后严密执行消毒隔离制度,预防感染D.给与高维生素、足量碳水化合物、低脂肪的饮食22.关于摄入食盐的指导叙述不正确是()A.可以使用中药材和辛香料调味B.可以喝一些炒菜的汤C.有盐菜与无盐菜配合吃D.避免食用盐渍小吃23. 按照亚健康概念的构成要素分类,以下哪项不属于亚健康()A.高致病危险因子状态B.不明原因综合征C.不定陈述综合征D.疾病后状态24. 全世界处于亚健康的人群比例占()A.5%B.75%C.25%D.70%25.亚健康的临床表现不包括( )A.抑郁、焦虑B.短时记忆不受影响,长时记忆下降C.食欲不振D.失眠或嗜睡26.关于中年人注意膳食平衡的具体方法中错误的是( )A.每日争取摄取30品种食物B.动物性脂肪与植物性脂肪摄入之比为1:2~1:4C.蔗糖的摄取,每日最好限制在100g以下D.控制脂肪的摄取,应占总热量的20%~25%27.戒烟和减少吸烟指导中错误的做法是( )A.每天减少吸烟量,吸烟时要慢吸B.烟中尼古丁导致心率加快,血压升高,四肢末梢血管收缩C.让吸烟者了解吸烟对人体的危害D.吸尼古丁和焦油含量低的烟28.老年人的生理特点中说法错误的是()A.鼻毛出现白色化则是评价衰老指标之一B.从45岁以后,每10年身高降低1cmC.肾实质的肾单位数目减少,肾小球滤过率下降,肾小管的浓缩及稀释能力减退,导致夜尿增多D.老年人往往药物代谢速度减慢和代偿功能降低,这主要是由于肝细胞体积变大但数量减少所致。
惠州市 2013— 2014 学年度高中学分认定和期末考试地理(必修3)试题说明: 1.本试题分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(综合题)两卷,第Ⅰ卷卷面成绩100 分,第Ⅱ卷卷面成绩50 分。
2.考试时间100 分钟。
3.请在答题卷上答题。
第Ⅰ卷选择题(共100分)一、单项选择题Ⅰ:(每题 1 分,共 50 分。
下边各题四个选项中,只有一项为哪一项切合题意的。
)1.2013 年 9 月 19 日,受超强台风“天兔”带来的连续影响,广东自东向西经历了一场暴风暴雨。
要对“天兔”台风进行监控,实时预警以减少灾祸的最正确地理信息技术是A.遥感 (RS) B .全世界定位系统(GPS)C.地理信息系统(GIS)D.数字地球地区区分以地理和经济特色为基础。
回答2~3 题。
2.以下各项中,合理描绘地区特色的是A.地区是自然形成的而非人为区分的B.地区拥有必定的区位特色,以及必定的面积、形状,可是没有明确的界限C.全部的地区之间都有严格的界限,比如省份的区分D.地区是地球表面的空间单位,它是人们在地理差别的基础上依据必定的指标和方法区分出来的3.以下地区发展生产,实行相应举措最合理的是A.甲区耕地面积大、盐碱地散布广,所以不可以发展农业只好发展工业B.乙区乡镇公司好多并为地区经济发展作出了重要贡献,应当动员全部农民弃农进厂C.丙区矿产资源丰富,应鼎力开发矿产资源,尽可能快地把资源优势转变为经济优势D.丁区荒漠化现象严重,在发展经济的过程中一定把生态环境的保护和建设放在首位荒漠化位居世界三大生态环境问题之首,被称为人类文明的“冷面杀手”,且在不一样地区的表现不尽同样。
回答4~6 题。
4.右图为我国某地区土地退化表示图,从天气特色的相像性来说,该图能够表示的地区是A.黄土高原地区B.华北平原地区C.西北内地地区D.南方低山丘陵区5.在这些地区,人们解决生活燃料问题最为可取的方式A.联合存储肥料,鼎力发展沼气B.就地取材,充分开发利用风能、太阳能等新能源C.联合植树造林,鼎力发展薪炭林D.联合农田水利建设,开发利用小水电6.以下地区与对应的土地面对问题,与实质符合的是A.山东丘陵——石漠化B.华北地区——次生盐渍化C.青藏高寒地区——荒漠化D.西北地区——红漠化读右二氧化碳在自然界中主要循环表示图,回答7~ 8 题。
2013-2014学年度第一学期期末测试(A卷)八年级生物本试题分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分,满分100分,时间60分钟.第Ⅰ卷(选择题共50分)一、选择题(每题2分,共50分)1.下列对花的描述错误的是A.花萼和花冠对花蕊有保护作用B.雄蕊包括花药和花柱C.花的特征可作为植物分类依据D.花柄有支持和输导的作用2.植物的根能不断长长,主要是依靠根尖的A.成熟区B.伸长区C.分生区和伸长区D.根冠和成熟区3.4.种子中最重要的部分是由()发育来的?A.子房B.珠被C.受精卵D.胚珠5.下列各项中,属于果实的一组是A.芝麻粒、玉米粒B.杏仁、核桃仁C.绿豆、黑豆D.葵花籽、玉米粒6.花生油是烹调时常用的食用油,它主要来自花生种子的A.胚根B.子叶 C.胚乳D.胚芽7.把带芽的马铃薯块栽到土壤中,培育成新植株,这种生殖方式属于A.出芽生殖B.营养生殖C.有性生殖 D.分裂生殖8.下列关于芽的叙述,错误的是A.枝芽将来发育成枝条B.长在侧枝顶端的芽叫侧芽C.花芽将来发育成花,花芽通常比较肥大D.无论是顶芽还是侧芽,都可能是花芽、枝芽、混合芽9.在种植土豆时,若想增加产量,可以适时增施A.钾肥B.磷肥C. 氮肥D.钙肥10.“有心栽花花不开,无心插柳柳成荫”。
在此过程中,柳树枝条上生出的根是A.不定根B.主根C.侧根D.须根11.利用压条、扦插、嫁接等方法繁殖花卉或果树的最主要的优点是A.缩短植物的成熟时间 B.增强植物生活力C.保留了亲代的优良性状 D.有利于大量繁殖新个体12.下图所示某昆虫发育过程,与蝗虫相比,该昆虫的发育过程多了()期13.小蝌蚪在水中游来游去,很是招人喜欢。
小蝌蚪显著区别与青蛙之处在于A.陆生、用肺呼吸、无尾、有四肢B. 水生、用肺呼吸、无尾、有四肢C.陆生、用肺呼吸、有尾、有四肢D. 水生、用鳃呼吸、有尾、无四肢14.下列有关动物生殖、发育的叙述中,不正确的是A.蝗虫在生长发育过程中有蜕皮现象B.青蛙是体外受精,变态发育C.苍蝇的发育过程属于不完全变态发育D.哺乳动物生殖发育的最主要特点是胎生、哺乳15.下列有关人类生殖和发育的叙述,不正确的是A. 青春期男孩出现遗精是一种正常的生理现象B. 胎儿与母体进行物质交换的重要结构是输卵管C. 胎儿从母体产出的过程叫分娩D. 用母乳喂养比用普通奶粉喂养更有利于婴儿的生长发育16.“一母生九子,连母十个样”这句俗语说明的生物现象是A. 遗传B. 变异C. 生殖D. 发育17.据报道,我国科学家利用克隆技术在水稻第7染色体区域分离出控制水稻产量的单基因,只需控制一个单基因就能提高水稻产量。
最大最全最精的教育资源网2013—2014 学年度第一学期期末水平测试七年级生物本试卷共五大题,共 4页。
满分 100 分,考试时间 60 分钟。
注意事项:1.答题前,考生务必先将自己的姓名、准考据号填写在答题卡上。
2.考生作答时,请将答案写在答题卡上,在本试卷上答题无效。
依据题号在各题的答题地区内作答,高出答题地区书写的答案无效。
3.选择题答案使用 2B 铅笔填涂,如需变动,用橡皮擦洁净后,再选涂其余答案标号;非选择题答案使用 0.5 毫米的黑色中性(署名)笔或碳素笔书写,字体工整、字迹清楚。
4.保持答题卡卡面洁净,不折叠,不损坏。
考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
一、选择题(本大题共 25 小题,每题 2 分,共 50 分)1、以下生物的分类中所含的生物数目最少的是()A.门B.纲C.科D.种2、“泊车坐爱枫林晚,霜叶红于二月花”(唐?杜牧《山行》),这句诗所描绘的影响了枫林叶色变化的一种非生物要素是()A.土壤B.温度C.水分D.阳光3、新疆地域日夜温差大,瓜果特别甜,这是因为()A.白日光合作用旺盛,夜晚呼吸作用激烈 B.白日光合作用旺盛,夜晚呼吸作用轻微C. 白日光合作用轻微,夜晚呼吸作用轻微D. 白日光合作用轻微,夜晚呼吸作用激烈4、移栽幼苗时要尽量带些土,其主要原由是()A.防止损害根毛B.减少土壤无机盐的丢掉C.能够促使根毛的生长D.可减少水分的蒸发5、“一朝被蛇咬,十年怕草绳”,这一世理现象所揭露的生物特色是()A.生物能对外界刺激做出反响B.生物需要呼吸C. 生物的生活需要营养D.生物能生长和生殖6、以下对于动植物细胞的说法中错误的选项是()A.动植物细胞的细胞核中都有染色质B.动植物细胞都有细胞膜C .动植物细胞的细胞质中都有液泡D.动植物细胞的细胞质中都有线粒体7、细胞内分解有机物和开释能量的主要场所是()A.细胞质B.线粒体C.叶绿体D.细胞核8、植物在光下制造有机物的实验中,把银边天竺葵放在暗处24 小时的目的是()A.让有机物累积起来B.耗费植物体内的有机物C. 进行光合作用合成有机物D.不让植物产生二氧化碳9、一株小白菜就是一个植物体。
考试时间:120分钟满分:100分题号一二三四五总分评分一、单项选择题(每题1分,共20分)1.皮亚杰的认知发展阶段理论中,哪个阶段儿童开始使用语言符号进行思考:()A.感知运动阶段B.前运算阶段C.具体运算阶段D.形式运算阶段2.埃里克森的心理社会发展理论中,婴儿期的主要冲突是:()A.信任与不信任B.自主与羞怯C.主动对内疚D.勤奋与自卑3.下列哪位心理学家提出了“社会学习理论”:()A.让·皮亚杰B.B ·F ·斯金纳C.列维维果斯基D.阿尔伯特·班杜拉4.维果斯基认为,儿童的学习和发展受到哪些因素的影响:()A.遗传和环境B.成熟和练习C.社会文化和历史背景D.先天能力和后天教育5.根据鲍尔比的依恋理论,哪种依恋类型表现为对母亲既寻求亲近又保持距离:()A.安全型依恋石河子大学《发展心理学》2023-2024学年第一学期期末试卷B.回避型依恋C.矛盾型依恋D.混乱型依恋6.科尔伯格的道德发展阶段理论中,“好孩子定向”阶段属于哪个水平:()A.前习俗水平B.习俗水平C.后习俗水平D.自主水平7.下列哪个阶段不是皮亚杰认知发展阶段的一部分:()A.感觉运动阶段B.符号功能阶段C.具体运算阶段D.形式运算阶段8.青春期自我认同的四个主要方面不包括:()A.身体认同B.性别认同C.角色认同D.家族认同9.根据吉布森的视觉悬崖实验,婴儿在何时表现出深度知觉:()A.出生时B.4个月左右C.8个月左右D.1岁左右10.下列哪项不属于维果斯基的“工具性媒介”概念:()A.语言B.符号C.工具D.遗传11.在鲍尔比的依恋理论中,哪种依恋类型最有利于儿童的心理健康发展:()A.回避型依恋B.矛盾型依恋C.安全型依恋D.混乱型依恋12.下列哪位心理学家提出了“关键期”的概念:()A.弗洛伊德B.皮亚杰C.洛伦兹D.班杜拉13.青春期的主要心理特征不包括:()A.生理快速发育B.情绪波动大C.认知能力稳定D.社交需求增加14.根据塞利格曼的积极心理学理论,哪种策略有助于培养乐观主义:()A.专注于负面事件B.避免挑战C.解释风格调整D.自我批评15.在皮亚杰的认知发展阶段中,哪个阶段儿童开始理解守恒原理:()A.感知运动阶段B.前运算阶段C.具体运算阶段D.形式运算阶段16.下列哪项不属于埃里克森的心理社会发展阶段:()A.婴儿期(信任与不信任)B.学前期(主动对内疚)C.青春期(自我认同与角色混乱)D.老年期(完善与绝望)17.青春期同伴关系的重要性体现在哪些方面:()A.学术成就B.生理发育C.社会技能发展D.家庭关系18.下列哪位心理学家提出了“认知失调理论”:()A.费斯廷格B.皮亚杰C.班杜拉D.弗洛伊德19.在维果斯基的理论中,教学应如何促进学生的发展:()A.仅仅关注学生的当前能力B.始终保持在学生的“最近发展区”内C.专注于学生的弱点进行强化训练D.忽略学生的文化背景20.下列哪个理论强调了社会互动和文化背景在儿童认知发展中的作用:()A.皮亚杰的认知发展阶段理论B.洛伦兹的关键期理论C.维果斯基的社会文化理论D.弗洛伊德的精神分析理论二、简答题(每题5分,共15分)1.解释维果斯基的“最近发展区”概念,并讨论其在教学实践中的应用。
endorsements(代言). “Explain that advertisers pay millions of dollars for celebrities to endorsea product, and that the people who buy the product end up sharing the cost,” she says.3.Supervise with sensitivityAccording to a survey conducted by the Media Awareness Network in 2001, nearly 70 per cent of children say parents never sit with them while they surf the Net and more than half say parents never check where they‟ve been online. The states for TV habits paint a similar picture.A 2003 Canadian Teachers‟ Federation study of children‟s media habits found that roughly 30 per cent of children in Years Three to Six claim that no adult has input into their selection of TV shows; by Year Eight, the figure rises to about 60 per cent.“Research suggests that kids benefit more from having parents watch with them than having their viewing time limited,” says Graydon, noting that many children have TV sets in their bed-rooms, which effectively free them from parental supervision. And what exactly does “supervision”mean? “Rather than ridiculing your child‟s favorite show, game or web-site, which will only create distance between you, you can explain why certain media messages conflict with the values you‟d like to develop in your child,” Graydon says.If you‟re put off by coarse language in a TV show, tell your child that hearing such language sends the (false) message that this is the way most people communicate when under stress. If violence in a computer game disturbs you, point out that a steady diet of onscreen violence can weaken sensitivity towards real-life violence. “And when you do watch a show together,” adds Graydon, “discuss some of the hidden messages, both good and bad.”4.Say no without guiltI‟m not proud to admit it, but when Tara asked me if I could take her shopping, I ended up saying yes. More precisely, I told her that if she continued to work hard and do well in school, I would take her over the school holidays. The holidays have now passed and I still haven‟t taken her, but I have no doubt she‟ll remind me of it soon enough. When I do take her, I intend to set firm limits (both on the price and the clothing items) before we walk into the store.Still, I wonder why I gave in so quickly to Tara‟s request. Author Thompson says that my status as a baby boomer may provide a clue. “We boomer parents spring from a consumer culture in which having the right stuff helps you fit in,” she explains. “Our research has shown that even parents in poor homes will buy Game Boys over necessities.” In fact, 68 per cent of parents routinely give in to their kids‟ requests.To counteract this tendency, Graydon says parents have to “learn, or relearn, how to say no.”And what if the child calls you a miser or reminds you that her best friend has four Barbies (芭比娃娃) and she doesn‟t even have one? Graydon suggests practicing this mantra (祷文) :“We create our own family rules according to our own family values. We create our own family rules according to our own family values. We create …”5.Offer alternativesAs parents know, saying “You can‟t have that” only intensifies a kid‟s desire for whatever “that”is. Rather than arbitrarily restricting their TV or computer time to protect them from media influence, Jeff Derevensky, a professor of applied child psychology at McGill University, suggests creating a list of mutually acceptable alternatives. “If you want to encourage your children to build towers or play board games, be prepared to participate,” he says. “Many kids will do these activities with their parents but not with other kids.”Miranda Hughes, a part-time physician and mother of four, fills her home with such basics as colored pencils and paints, craft materials, board and card games, building toys, a piano with the lid permanently open, sheet music and books of all kinds. “I also offer my own time whenever possible,” she says. Although Hughes has a television in her house, “complete with 150 channels,”she says her kids watch only about an hour a week. “I haven‟t had to implement any rules about TV or computer use,” she says. “There‟s usually something else my kids would rather be doing.”11. According to Nathan Dungan, in teaching your child about money, the most important issue is______A) the way you spend your moneyB) the time children are allowed to watch TVC) the activities shared by you and your childrenD) the amount of money at the children‟s disposal12. What do we learn about Linda Millar from the passage?A) She is the mother of a six-year-old girl.B) She directs a non-profit organization.C) She owns 26 Canadian companies.D) She is a famous Canadian advertiser.13. Shari Graydon suggests that children should be aware of .A) brand loyalty B) the must-have-it feverC) invisible marketing D) exaggerated advertisements14. How many children in Year Eight claim to have selected TV shows without parent‟ssupervision?A) 30 percent B) More than half C) 60 percent D) 70 percent15. Shari Graydon noted that children may benefit more when .A) parents shared TV shows with them B) parents limited their viewing timeC) they had a TV in their own bedrooms D) they were free from parents‟ supervision16. Some TV shows led children to believe that people would communicate with_____when under stress.A) violent behaviors B) psychiatrists C) peer groups D) rude language17. The author promised to take her daughter Tara to if she could do well at school.A) see a film B) go shopping C) the Disneyland D) the game arcade18. It is believed by the , who were born in a consumer culture, that having the right stuff helps one fit in.19. To protect children from media influence, arbitrarily restricting their TV or computer time is not as good as .20. The passage is intended to help parents to raise their kids to be .Part III Reading Comprehension ( Reading in Depth)Section ADirections: In this section , there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blanks from a list of choices given in a word blank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer sheet. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Question 21 to 30 are based on the following passage.As a surgeon, I have seen a lot of deaths. I am rarely astonished by anything. The other day, however, one humorous and slightly odd story I heard touched me. A doctor told me that a very old woman he was treating was lying ____21____ on her pillow face down. He thought she was dead, but when he ____22____, he noticed she was breathing. Her hospital gown ___23_____ her back bare, so he put a cover over her. Just then she sat up slowly, ____24____ the doctor. She seemed quite alive.“I thought you were nearly gone,” the doctor said. “ Your breathing was so ___25_____ and you seemed lifeless.”“Never mind that, doctor, I‟ve been waiting for you,”the old woman said quite ___26_____, as if she were his mother. She had been a good mother to four, but she had ____27____ them all. She gracefully handed the doctor a jar of strawberry jam. “ Take the ___28_____ off and try some,” she said. He ___29_____ a little and told her it was delicious.“Good,” she said, handing him a piece of paper with writing. “This is how to make it.” He understood what a(n) ___30_____ she had given him and took it with thanks and then left. The old woman lay back down and died soon after his departure.Section BDirections: There are 2 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 31 to 35are based on the following passage.America is changing its eating habits. As medical evidence mounts that we are indeed what we eat, consuming a healthier diet has become almost a national passion in the United States. The food-for-fitness phenomenon began in the late‟70s when a U.S. Senate Committee on nutrition reached grim conclusion that six out of the ten leading causes of death --- such as heart disease, cancer, and stroke --- might be linked to diet. The government issued dietary guidelines advising Americans to eat a variety of foods, maintain proper weight, and limit intake of fat, salt, sugar, and alcohol.For most Americans, what to eat is a matter of personal choice, rather than one of supply. An excellent nationwide food distribution system assures that fresh produce is readily available in all parts of the country, regardless of the season. Taking advantage of this abundance(充足), many people are forsaking traditional meat-and-potatoes fare (饮食) in favor of lighter meals of salads, fruits, and vegetables.The single most dramatic change in the American diet has been a reduction in consumption of animal fat, which is thought to increase the risk of heart disease and may contribute to the high U.S. incidence of breast and colon cancer. Margarine (a fatty solid butter substitute) and vegetable oils have replaced butter and lard (i.e. white fat from pigs that is used in cooking) in many homes, and half of all milk now drunk in the United States is low-fat. Fish and poultry (i.e. birds such as chickens and ducks kept on farms in order to produce meat) are increasingly popular sources of protein as consumption of red meat declines. The food industry has responded to concern about fat by producing learner cuts of meat and cholesterol-free (不含胆固醇的) substitutes for eggs.One of the most significant trends in the American way of eating is the healthful change in restaurant food. “One of every two meals in the United States is eaten outside the home,” says Donna Watson, President of the American Dietetic Association. “Restaurants are making special efforts to provide low-fat, low-salt, and low-calorie items.”Salad bars, loaded with fresh greens and raw fruits and vegetables, are found everywhere, even alongside the burgers and French fries in fast-food restaurants.Most important, the focus on prudent diet has led to an unprecedented national quest for a healthier life style. Americans are smoking less, exercising more, and experimenting with new ways to conquer stress. Eating sensibly, they have discovered, is only one important route to good health.31. What is suggested in the guidelines by the US government?A) The whole nation should be on diet for health.B) Foods rich in fat should be limited in people‟s diet.C) Eating is obviously a matter of life and death.D) Having a variety of food helps people lose weight.32. What does the author say about the choice of food in the US?A) People have more choices when fruits and vegetables are in season.B) People prefer traditional foods to those that do not contain very much fat.C) People tend to choose salads because vegetables are more readily available.D) People can choose almost whatever they want thanks to the rich supply of food.33. What do people do to cut the consumption of animal fat according to the passage?A) They use vegetable oils instead of lard.B) They give up the use of butter in food preparation.C) The food industry produces low-fat milk only.D) They abandon the diet that contains meat.34. How do restaurants respond to people‟s pursuit of a healthier diet?A) They are negative toward the trend. B) They take positive action accordingly.C) They are indifferent to people‟s needs. D) They oversupply food made of vegetables.35. According to the passage, “prudent” (Line 1, Para 5) most probably means______.A) low-fat and protein-rich B) riskless C) sensible D) economicalPassage TwoQuestions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.If you‟re a male and you are reading this, congratulations: you are a survivor. According to statistics, you‟re more than twice as likely to die of skin cancer as a woman, and nine times more likely to die of AIDS. Assuming you make it to the end of your natural term, about 78 years for men in Australia, you will die on average five years before a woman.There are many reasons for this-typically, men take more risks than women and are more likely to drink and smoke -but perhaps more importantly, men don‟t go to the doctor.“Men aren‟t seeing doctors as often as they should, ” says Dr. Gullotta. “This is particularly so for the over-40s, when diseas es tend to strike.”Gullotta says a healthy man should visit the doctor every year or two. For those over 45, it should be at least once a year.Two months ago Gullotta saw a 50-year-old man who had delayed doing anything about his smoker‟s cough for a yea r.“When I finally saw him it had already spread and he has since died from lung cancer,” he says. “Earlier detection and treatment may not have cured him, but it would have prolonged (延长) his life.”According to a recent survey, 95% of women aged between 15 and early 40s see a doctor once a year, compared to 70% of men in the same age group.“A lot of men think they are invincible(不可战胜的),” Gullotta says. “They only come in when a friend drops dead on the golf course and they think, …Geez, if it could happen to him …‟”Then there is the ostrich approach. “Some men are scared of what might be there and would rather not know,” says Dr. Ross Cartmill.“Most men get their cars serviced more regularly than they servi ce their bodies,” Cartmill says. He believes most diseases that commonly affect men could be addressed by preventive check-ups.Regular check-ups for men would inevitably place strain on the public purse, Cartmill says. “But prevention is cheaper in the long run than having to treat the diseases. Besides, the ultimate cost is far greater: it is called premature death.”36. Why does the author congratulate his male readers at the beginning of the passage?A) They are more likely to survive serious diseases today.B) Their average life span has been considerably extended.C) They have lived long enough to read this article.D) They are sure to enjoy a longer and happier live.37. What does the author state is the most important reason men die five years earlier onaverage than women?A) Men drink and smoke much more than women.B) M en don‟t seek medical care as often as women.C) M en aren‟t as cautions as women in face of danger.D) Men are more likely to suffer from fatal diseases.38. Which of the following best completes the sentence “Geez, if it could happen tohim…”(line2, para,8)?A) it could happen to me, tooB) I should avoid playing golfC) I should consider myself luckyD) it would be a big misfortune39. W hat does Dr. Ross Cartmill mean by “the ostrich approach” (line 1, para.9)?A) A casual attitude towards one‟s health conditions.B) A new therapy for certain psychological problems.C) Refusal to get medical treatment for fear of the pain involved.D) U nwillingness to find out about one‟s disease because of fear.40. What does Cartmill say about regular check-ups for men?A) They may increase public expenses.B) They will save money in the long run.C) They may cause psychological strains on men.D) They will enable men to live as long as women.Part IV TranslationDirections: This part is to test your ability to translate Chinese into English. There are 10 sentences, numbered 51 through 60, in this part. Write your translation in the corresponding space on the Answer sheet.41. 正餐时不供应饮料,饮料会影响消化。
endorsements(代言). “Explain that advertisers pay millions of dollars for celebrities to endorsea product, and that the people who buy the product end up sharing the cost,” she says.3.Supervise with sensitivityAccording to a survey conducted by the Media Awareness Network in 2001, nearly 70 per cent of children say parents never sit with them while they surf the Net and more than half say parents never check where they‟ve been online. The states for TV habits paint a similar picture.A 2003 Canadian Teachers‟ Federation study of children‟s media habits found that roughly 30 per cent of children in Years Three to Six claim that no adult has input into their selection of TV shows; by Year Eight, the figure rises to about 60 per cent.“Research suggests that kids benefit more from having parents watch with them than having their viewing time limited,” says Graydon, noting that many children have TV sets in their bed-rooms, which effectively free them from parental supervision. And what exactly does “supervision”mean? “Rather than ridiculing your child‟s favorite show, game or web-site, which will only create distance between you, you can explain why certain media messages conflict with the values you‟d like to develop in your child,” Graydon says.If you‟re put off by coarse language in a TV show, tell your child that hearing such language sends the (false) message that this is the way most people communicate when under stress. If violence in a computer game disturbs you, point out that a steady diet of onscreen violence can weaken sensitivity towards real-life violence. “And when you do watch a show together,” adds Graydon, “discuss some of the hidden messages, both good and bad.”4.Say no without guiltI‟m not proud to admit it, but when Tara asked me if I could take her shopping, I ended up saying yes. More precisely, I told her that if she continued to work hard and do well in school, I would take her over the school holidays. The holidays have now passed and I still haven‟t taken her, but I have no doubt she‟ll remind me of it soon enough. When I do take her, I intend to set firm limits (both on the price and the clothing items) before we walk into the store.Still, I wonder why I gave in so quickly to Tara‟s request. Author Thompson says that my status as a baby boomer may provide a clue. “We boomer parents spring from a consumer culture in which having the right stuff helps you fit in,” she explains. “Our research has shown that even parents in poor homes will buy Game Boys over necessities.” In fact, 68 per cent of parents routinely give in to their kids‟ requests.To counteract this tendency, Graydon says parents have to “learn, or relearn, how to say no.”And what if the child calls you a miser or reminds you that her best friend has four Barbies (芭比娃娃) and she doesn‟t even have one? Graydon suggests practicing this mantra (祷文) :“We create our own family rules according to our own family values. We create our own family rules according to our own family values. We create …”5.Offer alternativesAs parents know, saying “You can‟t have that” only intensifies a kid‟s desire for whatever “that”is. Rather than arbitrarily restricting their TV or computer time to protect them from media influence, Jeff Derevensky, a professor of applied child psychology at McGill University, suggests creating a list of mutually acceptable alternatives. “If you want to encourage your children to build towers or play board games, be prepared to participate,” he says. “Many kids will do these activities with their parents but not with other kids.”Miranda Hughes, a part-time physician and mother of four, fills her home with such basics as colored pencils and paints, craft materials, board and card games, building toys, a piano with the lid permanently open, sheet music and books of all kinds. “I also offer my own time whenever possible,” she says. Although Hughes has a television in her house, “complete with 150 channels,”she says her kids watch only about an hour a week. “I haven‟t had to implement any rules about TV or computer use,” she says. “There‟s usually something else my kids would rather be doing.”11. According to Nathan Dungan, in teaching your child about money, the most important issue is______A) the way you spend your moneyB) the time children are allowed to watch TVC) the activities shared by you and your childrenD) the amount of money at the children‟s disposal12. What do we learn about Linda Millar from the passage?A) She is the mother of a six-year-old girl.B) She directs a non-profit organization.C) She owns 26 Canadian companies.D) She is a famous Canadian advertiser.13. Shari Graydon suggests that children should be aware of .A) brand loyalty B) the must-have-it feverC) invisible marketing D) exaggerated advertisements14. How many children in Year Eight claim to have selected TV shows without parent‟ssupervision?A) 30 percent B) More than half C) 60 percent D) 70 percent15. Shari Graydon noted that children may benefit more when .A) parents shared TV shows with them B) parents limited their viewing timeC) they had a TV in their own bedrooms D) they were free from parents‟ supervision16. Some TV shows led children to believe that people would communicate with_____when under stress.A) violent behaviors B) psychiatrists C) peer groups D) rude language17. The author promised to take her daughter Tara to if she could do well at school.A) see a film B) go shopping C) the Disneyland D) the game arcade18. It is believed by the , who were born in a consumer culture, that having the right stuff helps one fit in.19. To protect children from media influence, arbitrarily restricting their TV or computer time is not as good as .20. The passage is intended to help parents to raise their kids to be .Part III Reading Comprehension ( Reading in Depth)Section ADirections: In this section , there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blanks from a list of choices given in a word blank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer sheet. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Question 21 to 30 are based on the following passage.As a surgeon, I have seen a lot of deaths. I am rarely astonished by anything. The other day, however, one humorous and slightly odd story I heard touched me. A doctor told me that a very old woman he was treating was lying ____21____ on her pillow face down. He thought she was dead, but when he ____22____, he noticed she was breathing. Her hospital gown ___23_____ her back bare, so he put a cover over her. Just then she sat up slowly, ____24____ the doctor. She seemed quite alive.“I thought you were nearly gone,” the doctor said. “ Your breathing was so ___25_____ and you seemed lifeless.”“Never mind that, doctor, I‟ve been waiting for you,”the old woman said quite ___26_____, as if she were his mother. She had been a good mother to four, but she had ____27____ them all. She gracefully handed the doctor a jar of strawberry jam. “ Take the ___28_____ off and try some,” she said. He ___29_____ a little and told her it was delicious.“Good,” she said, handing him a piece of paper with writing. “This is how to make it.” He understood what a(n) ___30_____ she had given him and took it with thanks and then left. The old woman lay back down and died soon after his departure.Section BDirections: There are 2 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 31 to 35are based on the following passage.America is changing its eating habits. As medical evidence mounts that we are indeed what we eat, consuming a healthier diet has become almost a national passion in the United States. The food-for-fitness phenomenon began in the late‟70s when a U.S. Senate Committee on nutrition reached grim conclusion that six out of the ten leading causes of death --- such as heart disease, cancer, and stroke --- might be linked to diet. The government issued dietary guidelines advising Americans to eat a variety of foods, maintain proper weight, and limit intake of fat, salt, sugar, and alcohol.For most Americans, what to eat is a matter of personal choice, rather than one of supply. An excellent nationwide food distribution system assures that fresh produce is readily available in all parts of the country, regardless of the season. Taking advantage of this abundance(充足), many people are forsaking traditional meat-and-potatoes fare (饮食) in favor of lighter meals of salads, fruits, and vegetables.The single most dramatic change in the American diet has been a reduction in consumption of animal fat, which is thought to increase the risk of heart disease and may contribute to the high U.S. incidence of breast and colon cancer. Margarine (a fatty solid butter substitute) and vegetable oils have replaced butter and lard (i.e. white fat from pigs that is used in cooking) in many homes, and half of all milk now drunk in the United States is low-fat. Fish and poultry (i.e. birds such as chickens and ducks kept on farms in order to produce meat) are increasingly popular sources of protein as consumption of red meat declines. The food industry has responded to concern about fat by producing learner cuts of meat and cholesterol-free (不含胆固醇的) substitutes for eggs.One of the most significant trends in the American way of eating is the healthful change in restaurant food. “One of every two meals in the United States is eaten outside the home,” says Donna Watson, President of the American Dietetic Association. “Restaurants are making special efforts to provide low-fat, low-salt, and low-calorie items.”Salad bars, loaded with fresh greens and raw fruits and vegetables, are found everywhere, even alongside the burgers and French fries in fast-food restaurants.Most important, the focus on prudent diet has led to an unprecedented national quest for a healthier life style. Americans are smoking less, exercising more, and experimenting with new ways to conquer stress. Eating sensibly, they have discovered, is only one important route to good health.31. What is suggested in the guidelines by the US government?A) The whole nation should be on diet for health.B) Foods rich in fat should be limited in people‟s diet.C) Eating is obviously a matter of life and death.D) Having a variety of food helps people lose weight.32. What does the author say about the choice of food in the US?A) People have more choices when fruits and vegetables are in season.B) People prefer traditional foods to those that do not contain very much fat.C) People tend to choose salads because vegetables are more readily available.D) People can choose almost whatever they want thanks to the rich supply of food.33. What do people do to cut the consumption of animal fat according to the passage?A) They use vegetable oils instead of lard.B) They give up the use of butter in food preparation.C) The food industry produces low-fat milk only.D) They abandon the diet that contains meat.34. How do restaurants respond to people‟s pursuit of a healthier diet?A) They are negative toward the trend. B) They take positive action accordingly.C) They are indifferent to people‟s needs. D) They oversupply food made of vegetables.35. According to the passage, “prudent” (Line 1, Para 5) most probably means______.A) low-fat and protein-rich B) riskless C) sensible D) economicalPassage TwoQuestions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.If you‟re a male and you are reading this, congratulations: you are a survivor. According to statistics, you‟re more than twice as likely to die of skin cancer as a woman, and nine times more likely to die of AIDS. Assuming you make it to the end of your natural term, about 78 years for men in Australia, you will die on average five years before a woman.There are many reasons for this-typically, men take more risks than women and are more likely to drink and smoke -but perhaps more importantly, men don‟t go to the doctor.“Men aren‟t seeing doctors as often as they should, ” says Dr. Gullotta. “This is particularly so for the over-40s, when diseas es tend to strike.”Gullotta says a healthy man should visit the doctor every year or two. For those over 45, it should be at least once a year.Two months ago Gullotta saw a 50-year-old man who had delayed doing anything about his smoker‟s cough for a yea r.“When I finally saw him it had already spread and he has since died from lung cancer,” he says. “Earlier detection and treatment may not have cured him, but it would have prolonged (延长) his life.”According to a recent survey, 95% of women aged between 15 and early 40s see a doctor once a year, compared to 70% of men in the same age group.“A lot of men think they are invincible(不可战胜的),” Gullotta says. “They only come in when a friend drops dead on the golf course and they think, …Geez, if it could happen to him …‟”Then there is the ostrich approach. “Some men are scared of what might be there and would rather not know,” says Dr. Ross Cartmill.“Most men get their cars serviced more regularly than they servi ce their bodies,” Cartmill says. He believes most diseases that commonly affect men could be addressed by preventive check-ups.Regular check-ups for men would inevitably place strain on the public purse, Cartmill says. “But prevention is cheaper in the long run than having to treat the diseases. Besides, the ultimate cost is far greater: it is called premature death.”36. Why does the author congratulate his male readers at the beginning of the passage?A) They are more likely to survive serious diseases today.B) Their average life span has been considerably extended.C) They have lived long enough to read this article.D) They are sure to enjoy a longer and happier live.37. What does the author state is the most important reason men die five years earlier onaverage than women?A) Men drink and smoke much more than women.B) M en don‟t seek medical care as often as women.C) M en aren‟t as cautions as women in face of danger.D) Men are more likely to suffer from fatal diseases.38. Which of the following best completes the sentence “Geez, if it could happen tohim…”(line2, para,8)?A) it could happen to me, tooB) I should avoid playing golfC) I should consider myself luckyD) it would be a big misfortune39. W hat does Dr. Ross Cartmill mean by “the ostrich approach” (line 1, para.9)?A) A casual attitude towards one‟s health conditions.B) A new therapy for certain psychological problems.C) Refusal to get medical treatment for fear of the pain involved.D) U nwillingness to find out about one‟s disease because of fear.40. What does Cartmill say about regular check-ups for men?A) They may increase public expenses.B) They will save money in the long run.C) They may cause psychological strains on men.D) They will enable men to live as long as women.Part IV TranslationDirections: This part is to test your ability to translate Chinese into English. There are 10 sentences, numbered 51 through 60, in this part. Write your translation in the corresponding space on the Answer sheet.41. 正餐时不供应饮料,饮料会影响消化。