高级英语精读(二)

大学英语精读第三版第二册Book2Unit4答案上海外语教育出版社董亚芬主编1) few2) A little3) little4) few5) a few little6) a few few7) little8) few1) function2) corresponded with each other3) immune to4) at ease5) displayed6) approach7) puzzle8) a household word9) capable of carrying out10) so much so that1) a series of2) approaches3) are pursuing4) ambition5) fame6) come to terms with7) work out8) singled out9) personality10) taken apart11) at ease12) observe13) modest14) application15) curiosity16) solutions1) He writes exclusively for the "Washington Post".2) The friendship your people have for our people impressed me deeply during my visit in your country./ I was deeply impressed during my visit in your country by the friendship your people have for our people.3) It took Joe a long time to come to terms with the fact that he would no longer be able to go sailing again.4) Jim's grandfather believes more in fresh air and exercise than in medicine.5) Owing to his poor education he was frustrated in his attempt to find a good job.6) Most American cities are relatively small in terms of population when compared to Chinese cities like Shanghai and Beijing.1) emotional2) angry3) atomic4) exclusive5) famous6) jealous7) safe8) simple9) important10) valuable11) central12) delightful/delighted13) feasible14) fortunate15) personal16) capable17) sandy18) original19) curious20) easy1) typewriter2) honeymoon3) airport4) schoolmaster5) necklace6) eyesight7) loudspeaker8) sunrise9) heartbeat10) blood-test11) motorcycle12) crossroad13) spaceship14) superpower15) lifeboat16) rainstorm1) handbook/handmade/handsaw/handshake/handwork/handwriting2) housebreaker/housekeep/housekeeper/house arrest/housemate/housework3) workbook/workday/workmate/workshop/worksite/worktable4) bookkeeper/bookmark/book review/bookseller/bookshelf/bookstall5) riverside/roadside/bedside/dockside/inside/outside6) classroom/living room/reading room/waiting room/consulting room/dark room1) a drop of blood2) a grain of wheat3) a length of rope4) a lump of sugar5) a ball of string6) a block of marble7) a roll of toilet paper8) a helping of pie9) a blanket of heavy mist10) a slice of beef1) Joe's father was seen to return after dark.2) The wind was heard to roar through the trees.3) I don't think Tom can be made to take the boss's orders.4) The young man was seen to enter the building next to the bank.5) When she was in Shanghai the actress was heard to say she had long thought of this city as her second home.6) After the minister of education had finished speaking at the press conference, he was made to answer all sorts of questions.1) The doctor advised (that) Mike (should) stay in hospital until he was fully recovered.2) Cathy's father insisted (that) she (should) take a two-week rest before going back to work.3) The chairman of the Trade Union suggested (that) a special committee (should) be set up to look into the problem./ The chairman of the Trade Union suggested (that) they set up a special committee to look into the problem.4) The commander ordered (that) our company (should) start the attack before dawn.5) Knowing Jack to be dishonest, I demanded (that) he (should) tell me nothing but the truth.6) The dean of the philosophy department requested (that) the visiting scholar (should) give a lecture on Sartre.1) bewildered2) impressed3) modest4) profound5) displayed6) ambition7) singled out8) puzzle9) capable10) at ease1) by2) with3) listened4) gave5) told6) lecture7) sure8) Why9) for10) agreed11) two12) hall13) before14) place15) began16) single17) success18) people19) shaking20) followed21) before22) stopped23) a24) listened25) not26) nodded27) did28) thought29) but30) order31) was32) answer1) childhood2) a slow start3) mathematics4) grew up5) devote himself to research6) world-famous7) explain8) you think it's two hours9) the physical world10) conquer翻译1) 那小女孩跑得太快，身体一下失去平衡，跌倒了。

Starting as low-income economies in the 1960s, a few economies in East Asia managed,in a few decades, to bridge all or nearly all of the income gap that separated them from the high-income economies of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).Meanwhile many other developing economies stagnated .What made the difference?One way to grow is by developing hitherto unexploited land.Another is to accumulate physical capital:roads, factories, telephone networks.A third is to expand the labor force and increase its education and training.But Hong Kong (China) and Singapore had almost no land.They did invest heavily in physical capital and in educating their populations,but so did many other economies.During the 1960s through the 1980s the Soviet Union accumulated more capital as a share of its gross domestic product (GDP) than did Hong Kong (China), the Republic of Korea, Singapore, or Taiwan (China).And it increased the education of its population in no trivial measure. Yet the Soviets generated far smaller increases in living standards during that period than did these four East Asian economies.Perhaps the difference was that the East Asian economies did not build, work, and grow harder so much as they built, worked, and gr ew smarter.Could knowledge, then, have been behind East Asia’s surge ?If so, the implications are enormous,for that would mean that knowledge is the key to development—that knowledge is development.How important was knowledge for East Asia’s growt h spurt ?This turned out not to be an easy question to answer.The many varieties of knowledge combine with its limited marketability to present a formidable challenge to anyone seeking to evaluate the effect of knowledge on economic growth.How, after all, does one put a price tag on and add up the various types of knowledge?What common denominator lets us sum the knowledge that firms use in their production processes; the knowledge that policymaking institutions use to formulate, monitor, and evaluate policies; the knowledge that people use in their economic transactions and social interactions?What is the contribution of books and journals, of R&D spending, of the stock of information and communications equipment, of the learning and know-how of scientists, engineers, and students? Compound ing the difficulty is the fact that many types of knowledge are accumulated and exchanged almost exclusively within networks, traditional groups, and professional associations.That makes it virtually impossible to put a value on such knowledge.Reflecting these difficulties in quantify ing knowledge,efforts to evaluate the aggregate impact of knowledge on growth have often proceeded indirectly, by postulat ing that knowledge explains the part of growth that cannot be explained by the accumulation of tangible and identifiable factors, such as labor or capital.The growth not accounted for by these factors of production—the residual in the calculation—is attributed to growth in their productivity, that is, using the other factors smarter, through knowledge.This residual is sometimes called the Solow residual, after the economist Robert M. Solow,who spearheaded the approach in the 1950s,and what it purports to measure is conventionally called total factor productivity (TFP) growth.Some also call the Solow residual a measure of our ignorance ,because it represents what we cannot account for. Indeed, we must be careful not to attribute all of TFP growth to knowledge,or there may be other factors lurking in the Solow residual.Many other things do contribute to growth—institutions are an example—but are not reflected in the contributions of the more measurable factors.Their effect is (so far) inextricably woven into TFP growth.In early TFP analyses,physical capital was modeled as the only country-specific factor that could be accumulated to better people’s lives.Technical progress and other intangible factors were said to be universal, equally available to all people in all countries,and thus could not explain growth differencesbetween countries.Their contributions to growth were lumped with the TFP growth numbers.Although this assumption was convenient, it quickly became obvious that physical capital was not the only factor whose accumulation drove economic growth. A study that analyzed variations in growth rates across a large number of countries showed that the accumulation of physical capital explained less than 30 percent of those variations.The rest—70 percent or more—was attributed directly or indirectly to the intangible factors that make up TFP growth (Table 1.1).Later attempts introduced human capital to better explain the causes of economic growth.A higher level of education in the population means that more people can learn to use better technology. Education was surely a key ingredient in the success of four of the fastest-growing East Asian economies: Hong Kong (China), the Republic of Korea, Singapore, and Taiwan (China). Before their transformation from developing into industrializing economies, their school enrollment rates had been much higher than those of other developing countries (Table 1.2).They had also emphasized advanced scientific and technical studies—as measured by their higher ratios of students in technical fields than in even some industrial countries—thus enhancing their capacity to import sophisticated technologies.Moreover, the importance of education for economic growth had long been recognized and established empirically .One study had found that growth in years of schooling explained about 25 percent of the increase in GDP per capita in the United States between 1929 and 1982.Adding education reduced the part of growth that could not be explained,thus shrinking the haystack in which TFP growth (and knowledge) remained hidden.Some analysts even concluded, perhaps too quickly,that physical and human capital, properly accounted for, explained all or virtually all of the East Asian economies’ rapid growth,leaving knowledge as a separate factor out of the picture.One re ason these analysts came up with low values for TFP growth is that they incorporated improvements in labor and equipment into their measurement of factor accumulation.So even their evidence of low TFP growth in East Asia does not refute the importance of closing knowledge gaps.Indeed, it shows that the fast-growing East Asian economies had a successful strategy to close knowledge gaps:by investing in the knowledge embodi ed in physical capital, and by investing in people and institutions to enhance the capability to absorb and use knowledge.Looking beyond East Asia,other growth accounting studies have examined larger samples of countries.Even when human capital is accounted for,the unexplained part of growth remains high.One such study, of 98 countries with an unweighted average growth rate of output per worker of 2.24 percent,found that 34 percent (0.76 percentage point) of that growth came from physical capital accumulation,20 percent (0.45 percentage point) from human capital accumulation,and as much as 46 percent (just over 1 percentage point) from TFP growth.Even more remains to be explained in variations in growth rates across countries. The same study found the combined role of human and physical capital to be as low as 9 percent, leaving the TFP residual at a staggering 91 percent.To take another example:Korea and Ghana had similarly low incomes per capita in the 1950s,but by 1991 Korea’s income per capita was more than seven times Ghana’s.Much of that gap remains unexplained even when human capital is taken into account .All these results are subject to measurement problems.For example, the measured stock of human capital may overstate the actual quantity used in producing goods and services.High rates of school enrollment or attainment (years completed) may not translate into higher rates of economic growthif the quality of education is poor, or if educated people are not employed at their potential because of distortion s in the labor market.Moreover, it is now evident that education without openness to innovation and knowledge will notlead to economic development.The people of the former Soviet Union, like the people of the OECD countries and East Asia, were highly educated, with nearly 100 percent literacy .And for an educated population it is possible,through foreign direct investment and other means,to acquire and use information about the latest production and management innovations in other countries.But the Soviet Union placed severe restrictions on foreign investment, foreign collaboration, and innovation.Its work force did not adapt and change as new information became available elsewhere in the world, and consequently its economy suffered a decline.(excerpted from World Development Report 1998/1999)一些东亚国家在20世纪60年代还是低收入国家，但是在短短的几十年之间，他们成功地弥补了其与经济合作与发展组织（OECD）中高收入国家之间的差距；与此同时，也有许多发展中国家的经济停滞不前。

1．Gases such as carbon monoxide, emitted by factories and automobiles, have seriously polluted the atmosphere.工厂和汽车发出的一氧化碳一类的气体严重污染了大气2．The industrial engineer’s letter indicates that he doubts the feasibility of the plan.那为工业管理工程师来的信表明，他对改项计划是否可行有怀疑3．Many parents in the United States set aside a fund for their children’s education before they are born.美国许多父母在孩子出生之前就为他们的教育留出一笔专款4．I have made sure that her conclusion is based on facts.我已了解清楚，她的结论是以事实为根据的5．The medical team, composed of three doctors and two nurses, set off for the mountain(ous) area a few days ago.几天前，由三位医生和两名护士组成的医疗队出发到山区去了6．The village is named after the high mountain that stands in front of it.这个村庄是以树立在它前面的那座高山命名的7．He was ill for about a week, which has really set him back in his studies.他病了一个月左右，这使他在学习上耽误了很多8．The war that broke out between the North and the South in 1861 is known in history as the American Civil War.南方和北方之间于一八六一年爆发的那场战争在历史上称为“美国内战”1．Their argument ended when she slammed the door and left without a word.她砰地关上门，一声不吭地走了，他们间那场争执就此结束2．The guest at the dinner party were slightly surprised at the commanding tone of the American.出席晚宴的客人对那个美国人威严的语气感到有点以外3．Johnny has outgrown the fear of staying at home alone.约翰尼已长大成熟，不再害怕独自呆在家里了4．While all the other passengers made for the exit, he alone remained in his seat as if unwilling to leave the plane.当全部乘客都向出口处走去时，他却独自留在座位上，好象不愿意离开这架飞机似的5．The letter is to be handed to Dr. Wilson himself.这封信必须交给威尔逊博士本人6．While she felt like joining in the argument, Nancy was too shy to open her mouth.南希虽然很想参加辩论，但腼腆得不敢开口7．What do you think is the likeliest time to find him at home?你觉得什么时候最有可能在家里找到他8．The hunter’s face (was) lit up with excitement as soon as he saw a fox emerge from among the bushes and run in thedirection of/ make for the trap he had laid.猎人一看见有只狐狸从树丛中出现并向他设下的陷阱方向跑去，脸上顿时闪出了兴奋的表情It was suggested at the meeting that a committee of 11 be appointed to make a new constitution.会上有人建议任命一个十一人委员会来制定新章程2．By making on-the-spot observation, the young scientist obtained first-hand information they needed in their research work.这些青年科学家通过现场观察，获得了研究工作所需的第一手资料3．It is very likely that he will be rejected by the army because of his bad eyesight.他很可能会因视力不好而被拒收入伍4．The committee members have conflicting opinions as to the best location of the new airport.委员会成员在新机场最佳选址这一问题上持有不同意见5. Henry’s works of art are superior in many respects to those of his brother’s.亨利创作的艺术品在许多方面比他兄弟的要好6. The steady rise in the quality of our products owes much to the improvement of our equipment我们产品质量的稳步提高在很大程度上是由于设备有所改进7. Jim would have preferred to act on his own judgment, but he didn’t because as a soldier he had to obey the order.吉姆本想按照自己的判断行事，但他没有这样做，因为作为军人他得服从命令8. Were it left to me to decide whether we should have a city without bikes or one without cars. I should not hesitate amoment to prefer the latter.如果让我来决定我们是要一个没有自行车的城市呢，还是要一个没有汽车的城市，我会毫不犹豫地选择后者1. She got a post as a cashier at a local bank. But she was soon fired because she proved to be incompetent.她在当地一家银行找到一份出纳员的工作，但不久因不称职而被解雇了。

第三单元While waiting to enter university….1) advertised2) local3) slim4) apply5) disapproval6) consisted of7) attached importance8) Obviously9) in common10) salary11) prospect● A gentleman put an advertisement in a ….1) Out2) apply3) others4) know5) preferred/chose/select6) single7) a8) at9) behind10) careful11) to12) considerate/thoughtful13) when14) questions15) polite16) rest/others17) floor18) placed19) turn20) When21) noticed22) brushed23) nails24) excellent25) more翻译1. She got a post as a cashier at a local bank. But she was soon fired because she proved to be incompetent.她在当地…2. It is obviously/clearly his young assistant who is running the book store.很明显…3. No sooner had the proposal been announced at the meeting than she got to her feet to protest.这项建议…4. Bill has applied to Harvard University for a teaching assistantship, but his chances of getting it are slim.比尔已向…5. Being short of funds, they are trying to attract foreign capital. 由于缺乏资…6. The room smells of stale air. It must have been vacant for a long time. 这个房间…7. As far as hobbies are concerned, Jane and her sister have little in common.就业余爱好…8. It is self-evident that the education of the young is vital to the future of a country.不言而喻，青年…第思单元As a boy and as an …1) bewildered2) impressed3) modest4) profound5) displayed6) ambition7) singled out8) puzzle9) capable10) at ease●At one time einstein traveled all…1) by2) with3) listened4) gave5) told6) lecture7) sure8) Why9) for10) agreed11) two12) hall13) before14) place15) began16) single17) success18) people19) shaking20) followed21) before22) stopped23) a24) listened25) not26) nodded27) did28) thought29) but30) order31) was32) answer翻译1) 那小女孩…The little girl ran so fast that she was thrown off balance and fell over / down.2) 他致力于研究…I was impressed by his devotion to research but I did not have the slightest interest in his profound theories.3) 千万别说可…Be sure not to say anything capable of being misunderstood.4) 我被他们互相…I was so bewildered by their conflicting advice that I did not know how to act/what to do.5) 起初，这个复杂问…At first this complicated problem frustrated them, but after thinking it over carefully they finally worked out a solution.6) 体育代表团团…The head of the sports delegation beamed with delight when a young pioneer presented him with a bunch of flowers.7) 这学期我们都学习得不错，…I really don't see why our English teacher should single out our monitor for praise since we have all done quite well this term.8) 我相信比较高级的…I believe in the theory that the higher animals developed from the lower ones.\第五单元、It is__that the ….1) apparent2) disappear3) pressure4) widespread5) collapse6) alternative7) does us no harm8) tissue9) liberate10) visible11) radiation12) by itself13) consume14) in all likelihood●As the concentration of carbon… 1) grow2) hotter3) seem4) run5) fall6) melt7)means8) away9) retreat10) to11) necessarily12) possible13) so14) exist15) gained16) though17) found18) another19) piled20) stay21) causing22) flooded23) farther翻译1) 如果富…If the rich countries spent more money on green industries, instead of on building up military machines and nuclear weapons, many of today's widespread pollution problems would gradually disappear.2) 烧煤的时…The burning of coal not only consumes the oxygen in the house but also gives out poisonous gases.3) 显然，找到…Apparently, finding alternative energy sources is essential to the steady development of our economy.4) 太阳能电池…Solar cells can absorb sunlight and convert it into electricity.5) 如果地球上的…If the temperature on the Earth continues to go up from year to year, the polar ice caps will begin to melt and, in all likelihood, half of the buildings in coastal cities will disappear beneath splashing sea waves.6) 因为这些生物…Because these creatures are small and tend to hide beneath leafy plants, they are not always visible to the naked eye.7) 由于受到原…As a result of exposure to atomic radiation, he finally collapsed at work.8) 有明显的…There is distinct evidence of the connection between heavy pressure of work and some disorders of the body.第六单元Dr.nolen believes that…1) surgical2) confident3) dwell on4) emergency5) sweat6) competent7) at one time or another8) relax●A man went to see his … 1) from2) examined3) nothing4) trouble5) much6) same7) ago8) advice9) you10) pay11) worry12) followed13) again14) quite15) that16) tailor The patient was lying in ….B1) how2) answer3) cut4) surgeon5) had6) over7) only8) found9) by10) got11) then12) saying13) around翻译1) 只要你不断…If / As long as you keep (on) trying, you will be able to resolve this difficult problem sooner or later.2) 我们预料我…We anticipate encountering / that we will encounter resistance to our plan / our plan will meet with resistance.3) 吉姆的朋友说，他们那…Jim's friends said that the noise pollution in their city was terrible, but they had to live with it.4) 汤姆起初认为，凭他的知识、…At first Tom thought that with his knowledge, skill and experience he was bound to find a satisfactory job.5) 冷静耐心地处理…It would be wise / advisable to handle this delicate problem with calmness and patience.6) 迪克以为，如果他拆不开…Dick thought that if he wasn't able to take the machine apart, chances were that no other worker in the plant could, either.7) 你是否认为公共…Do you think bus drivers should take full responsibility for the passengers' safety?8) 你不必再去多想那…You needn't dwell on your mistakes in judgment any more. What's important is to try your best to avoid repeating them.第七单元My friends and I …1) moved in2) waged3) property4) take a stand5) drifted6) tragedy7) prompt8) impact9) took to10) got through to11) ran into12) fussingA mos’s heart sank when his… 1) Judging2) Confronted3) change4) You5) treated6) But7) set8) never9) called/named10) boy's11) your12) the13) on14) make15) bring16) through17) later18) showing翻译1) 在当地政…Under the leadership of the local government, the villagers rose to the serious food crisis caused by the floods.2) 这个展览会…The exhibition is very popular and is attracting a steady stream of visitors.3) 妈妈上楼来…When Mom came upstairs to check on us kids, I turned overand pretended to be asleep.4) 对阿姆斯特德来说…Waging a battle against the drug pushers was a challenge to Armstead. She felt rather nervous but she decided to confront them.5) 老太太叫我小…The old lady told me to be cautious and not to talk to the guys hanging out on the street corner.6) 一个卫生组织…A health organization prompted the local government to raise a three-million-dollar fund for a new hospital.7) 那个曾放火烧教…Opening the door, the man who had set fire to the church found himself confronted by a dozen policemen with guns.8) 据报道，燃…It is reported that the fire which raged for more than two hours started in an abandoned warehouse / store.第八单元Tom brown was a good boxer…1) pair2) never3) very4) won5) On6) happened7) when8) along9) stopped10) help11) to12) station13) found14) gone15) lying16) this17) recognized18) back19) like20) strong21) fists22) got23) never24) on翻译1) 巨额投资…Vast amounts of investment have enabled the economy of the area to grow rapidly.2) 他们为新建…They launched a campaign to raise money for a new hospital.3) 成功在于…Success lies in diligence. Dr. Nolen is a case in point.4) 他们都具有…Men of high moral standards, they are never to be tempted into taking such expensive gifts.5) 有迹象表明，…There are indications that numerous factories are faced with a very difficult situation.6) 警方找到谁是罪..The police arrested the criminal on a charge of armed robbery several hours after they found an important clue to his identity.7) 调查显示，对某些…Investigation has revealed that retirement tends to cause psychological troubles for some people.8) 医疗队并没有一味抱…The medical team did more than complain about the relatively poor working conditions at the local hospital. For instance, several doctors bought simple medical instruments with their own money.。

【英语学习】大学英语精读第三版第二册英语课后翻译答案共（4页）大学英语精读第二册(第三版)翻译答案[(Gases such as carbon monoxide, emitted by factories and automobiles, have seriously polluted the atmosphere.工厂和汽车发出的一氧化碳一类的气体严重污染了大气2(The industrial engineer’s letter indicates that he doubts the feasibility of the plan.那为工业管理工程师来的信表明，他对改项计划是否可行有怀疑3(Many parents in the United States set aside a fund for their children’s education before they are born.美国许多父母在孩子出生之前就为他们的教育留出一笔专款4(I have made sure that her conclusion is based on facts.我已了解清楚，她的结论是以事实为根据的5( The medical team, composed of three doctors and two nurses, setoff for the mountain(ous) area a few days ago.几天前，由三位医生和两名护士组成的医疗队出发到山区去了6( The village is named after the high mountain that stands in front of it. 这个村庄是以树立在它前面的那座高山命名的7( He was ill for about a week, which has really set him back in his studies. 他病了一个月左右，这使他在学习上耽误了很多8( The war that broke out between the North and the South in 1861 is known in history as the American Civil War.南方和北方之间于一八六一年爆发的那场战争在历史上称为“美国内战”英语翻译第二章1( Their argument ended when she slammed the door and left without a word. 她砰地关上门，一声不吭地走了，他们间那场争执就此结束2( The guest at the dinner party were slightly surprised at the commanding tone of the American.出席晚宴的客人对那个美国人威严的语气感到有点以外3( Johnny has outgrown the fear of staying at home alone.约翰尼已长大成熟，不再害怕独自呆在家里了4( While all the other passengers made for the exit, he alone remained in his seat as if unwilling to leave the plane.当全部乘客都向出口处走去时，他却独自留在座位上，好象不愿意离开这架飞机似的5( The letter is to be handed to Dr. Wilson himself.这封信必须交给威尔逊博士本人6( While she felt like joining in the argument, Nancy was too shy to open her mouth. 南希虽然很想参加辩论，但腼腆得不敢开口7( What do you think is the likeliest time to find him at home? 你觉得什么时候最有可能在家里找到他8( The hunter’s face (was) lit up with e xcitement as soon as he saw a fox emerge fromamong the bushes and run in thedirection of/ make for the trap he had laid.猎人一看见有只狐狸从树丛中出现并向他设下的陷阱方向跑去，脸上顿时闪出了兴奋的表情英语翻译第三章1( It was suggested at the meeting that a committee of 11 be appointed to make a new constitution.会上有人建议任命一个十一人委员会来制定新章程2( By making on-the-spot observation, the young scientist obtained first-hand information they needed in their research work.这些青年科学家通过现场观察，获得了研究工作所需的第一手资料3( It is very likely that he will be rejected by the army because of his bad eyesight. 他很可能会因视力不好而被拒收入伍4( The committee members have conflicting opinions as to the best location of the new airport.委员会成员在新机场最佳选址这一问题上持有不同意见5. Henry’s works of art are superior in many respects to those of his brother’s.亨利创作的艺术品在许多方面比他兄弟的要好6. The steady rise in the quality of our products owes much to the improvement of our equipment.我们产品质量的稳步提高在很大程度上是由于设备有所改进7. Jim would have preferred to act on his own judgment, but he didn’t because as a soldier he had to obey th e order.吉姆本想按照自己的判断行事，但他没有这样做，因为作为军人他得服从命令8. Were it left to me to decide whether we should have a citywithout bikes or one without cars. I should not hesitate a moment to prefer the latter.如果让我来决定我们是要一个没有自行车的城市呢，还是要一个没有汽车的城市，我会毫不犹豫地选择后者英语翻译第四章1. She got a post as a cashier at a local bank. But she was soonfired because she proved to be incompetent.她在当地一家银行找到一份出纳员的工作，但不久因不称职而被解雇了。

英语精读方法和技巧英语精读方法和技巧（精选篇1）一、每天坚持读书。

朗读:一般*读2到3遍,带着理解去读,而不只是为读而读。

二、听从最初级的听力入手,听懂每个单词、每句话、每段话及每篇*。

逐步增加难度。

每天至少半小时。

三、写每两天写一篇英文日记或者作文,注意写作的语法和单词,好的语法是会为作文加分的。

四、语法从基础到高级,掌握每一个语法点,详细的用笔记记录下来。

笔记所记的都是自己所会的,直到把所有语法细节都掌握。

笔记不能是记的,还要及时的复习,这样记笔记才有用处。

五、词汇每天记忆100到150个新单词,并复习前一天的旧单词。

对于生疏的旧单词,可记录下来,安排适当时间记忆。

这样下来,温故而知新,就不会学着前面忘记后面的了。

六、练习大量的练习可以巩固所学知识。

从练习中增加词汇量和语法的了解。

英语精读方法和技巧（精选篇2）一半是基本功，一半是技巧。

基本功漫谈阅读的基本功是取得阅读高分重要保证，但这需要从长计议，非短期能奏效。

中国大学英语教学体制是中国考生阅读理解能力低的主要原因。

几乎所有到美国读书的中国学生会感觉到自己的阅读能力明显不足，因为在国外，通常学生每次课后作业需要阅读长达数十页到数百页的*，非常不适应，感到自己多年来在中国炼就的高超语法水平(如虚拟语气有多少种特例、很多八百年都用不上一次的词语搭配)却无用武之处。

据我多年应试与教学的体会，中国学生阅读最大的障碍在于对英语长句、复杂句的感觉和把握。

*读不懂，其实读不懂的还是难的句子，目前在研究生入学考试阅读部分中出现含有50~70个词汇长度的句子已属司空见惯，如果文中充满了主系和主谓宾单句的话，恐怕没有谁读不懂!对于大多数同学而言，个别单词不认识并不会造成语义理解的障碍，除非您的单词量实在是太小了，事实上很多同学阅读水平处在这样的一个阶段：很多单词是认识的，但句子长的，结构复杂了，句子语义理解起来就很慢、很吃力，或根本不理解，从而导致整个*理解的障碍。

英语100篇精读荟萃（中级篇）Passage One (Violence Can Do Nothing to Diminish Race Prejudice)In some countries where racial prejudice is acute, violence has so come to be taken for granted as a means of solving differences, that it is not even questioned. There are countries where the white man imposes his rule by brute force; there are countries where the black man protests by setting fire to cities and by looting and pillaging. Important people on both sides, who would in other respects appear to be reasonable men, get up and calmly argue in favor of violence –as if it were a legitimate solution, like any other. What is reall y frightening, what really fills you with despair, is the realization that when it comes to the crunch, we have made no actual progress a t all. We may wear collars and ties instead of war-paint, but our instincts remain basically unchanged. The whole of the recorded histor y of the human race, that tedious documentation of violence, has taught us absolutely nothing. We have still not learnt that violence nev er solves a problem but makes it more acute. The sheer horror, the bloodshed, the suffering mean nothing. No solution ever comes to li ght the morning after when we dismally contemplate the smoking ruins and wonder what hit us.The truly reasonable men who know where the solutions lie are finding it harder and herder to get a hearing. They are despised, mistru sted and even persecuted by their own kind because they advocate such apparently outrageous things as law enforcement. If half the ene rgy that goes into violent acts were put to good use, if our efforts were directed at cleaning up the slums and ghettos, at improving livi ng-standards and providing education and employment for all, we would have gone a long way to arriving at a solution. Our strength is sapped by having to mop up the mess that violence leaves in its wake. In a well-directed effort, it would not be impossible to fulfill t he ideals of a stable social programme. The benefits that can be derived from constructive solutions are everywhere apparent in the worl d around us. Genuine and lasting solutions are always possible, providing we work within the framework of the law.Before we can even begin to contemplate peaceful co-existence between the races, we must appreciate each other’s problems. And to d o this, we must learn about them: it is a simple exercise in communication, in exchanging information. ‘Talk, talk, talk,’the advocate s of violence say, ‘all you ever do is talk, and we are none the wiser.’It’s rather like the story of the famous barrister who painst akingly explained his case to the judge. After listening to a lengthy argument the judge complained that after all this talk, he was none the wiser. ‘Possible, my lord,’the barrister replied, ‘none the wiser, but surely far better informed.’Knowledge is the necessary pr erequisite to wisdom: the knowledge that violence creates the evils it pretends to solve.1.What is the best title for this passage?[A] Advocating Violence.Violence Can Do Nothing to Diminish Race Prejudice.[C] Important People on Both Sides See Violence As a Legitimate Solution.[D] The Instincts of Human Race Are Thirsty for Violence.2.Recorded history has taught us[A] violence never solves anything.nothing.[C] the bloodshed means nothing.[D] everything.3.It can be inferred that truly reasonable men[A] can’t get a hearing.are looked down upon.[C] are persecuted.[D] Have difficulty in advocating law enforcement.4.“He was none the wiser”means[A] he was not at all wise in listening.He was not at all wiser than nothing before.[C] He gains nothing after listening.[D] He makes no sense of the argument.5.According the author the best way to solve race prejudice is[A] law enforcement.knowledge.[C] nonviolence.[D] Mopping up the violent mess.Vocabulary1.acute 严重的，剧烈的，敏锐的2.loot v.抢劫，掠夺；n.赃物3.pillage v.抢劫，掠夺4.crunch v.吱嘎吱嘎咬或嚼某物；n.碎裂声when it comes to the crunch = if/when the decisive moment comes. 当关键时刻来到时。

专业及代码4月20日（星期六）4月21日（星期日）09:00--11:30 14:30--17:00 09:00--11:30 14:30--17:00公共课管理系统中计算机应用00051复变函数与积分变换02199毛泽东思想、邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想概论03707中国近现代史纲要03708普通逻辑00024教育学（一）00429思想道德修养与法律基础03706计算机应用基础00018政治经济学（财经类）00009管理学原理00054物理（工）00420线性代数02198马克思主义基本原理概论03709线性代数（经管类）04184概率论与数理统计（二）02197基础会计学00041心理学00031概率论与数理统计（经管类）04183英语（一）00012日语（一）00013俄语（一）00014英语（二）00015日语（二）00016俄语（二）00017高等数学（一）00020高等数学（工专）00022高等数学（工本）00023对外经济管理概论00053大学语文04729本科及独立本科段（107个专业）金融020106 市场营销学00058 管理学原理00054 银行会计学00078 对外经济管理概论00053国际贸易020110 外贸英语写作00097企业经济统计学00045经贸知识英语00095外刊经贸知识选读00096涉外经济法00099经济学020115 西方经济学00139 发展经济学00141 国际经济学00140中英合作金融管理020120 中国近现代史纲要03708马克思主义基本原理概论03709英语（二）00015调查与分析020121市场营销学00058 管理经济学02628公司管理020143 公司文化学07526公司管理学07519企业知识产权管理05319管理经济学02628公司理财07524组织行为学00152国际经济与管理020148 国际商务07786企业知识产权管理05319产业经济学05322WTO与国际惯例05317技术经济学06270公司人力资源管理与开发07523国际商务经济学概论05323投资理财020177 金融营销08591税收筹划05175企业信用管理学05318房地产投资08592 金融衍生品投资08593工商企业管理020202 企业经营战略00151管理学原理00054金融理论与实务00150质量管理（一）00153 组织行为学00152工商企业管理（工业管理方向）020202A WTO基础知识05159宏微观经济学05168中小企业质量管理05169中小企业战略管理05171企业信息管理05173会计020204 市场营销学00058 金融理论与实务审计学00160 资产评估0015800150市场营销020208 商品流通概论00185金融理论与实务00150市场营销策划00184 消费经济学00183旅游管理020210 中外民俗00199导游学概论06123旅游市场营销04929中国城市史01248欧洲旅游文化01249诗文鉴赏与楹联掌故01252电子商务020216 电子商务法概论00996互联网数据库00911网络营销与策划00908数量方法（二）00994计算机网络安全04751电子商务与金融00913电子商务案例分析00902人力资源管理020218 管理思想史06088管理学原理00054劳动关系与劳动法06089人力资源开发与管理06093人员素质测评理论与方法06090中英合作商务管理020226 中国近现代史纲要03708马克思主义基本原理概论03709英语（二）00015物流管理020229物流运筹学07796 供应链物流学03364 国际物流05729劳动和社会保障020232 社会保险基金管理与监督03327公共管理03328 社会学概论00034项目管理020256 项目论证与评估05066 项目管理学05059 项目管理软件07171项目融资资源管理03811项目管理法规05065铁道财务会计020264 施工企业会计05290铁路旅客运输组织07109铁路会计报表编制05594铁路货运组织07108运输市场营销07269铁路运输经济学07106铁路运输安全管理05207铁路现代企业制度基础07141工程管理020279 建设监理01878房地产开发与经营管理00118施工组织与管理01879工程建设招标与投标04396采购与供应管理020282采购战术与运营03616财务管理020303 市场营销学00058 投资项目分析08309 审计学00160企业管理概论00144税法00233现代企业管理020309 现代物流学07114计算机财务管理08822现代企业管理信息系统08816经济学导论07520销售管理020314 管理系统中计算机应用00051消费经济学00183法律030106 国际私法00249中国法律思想史00264国际经济法概论00246西方法律思想史00265公证与律师制度00259劳动法00167保险法00258知识产权法00226税法00233经济法学030107 企业与公司法学07945税法原理07946商法总论05554金融法概论07947 环境法学07948行政法030114 外国行政法06912行政处罚法06908行政执法理论与实务06914行政管理学00277国家公务员法06913行政诉讼法06909社会工作与管理030203 团体社会工作00279个案社会工作00282社会救助00298中国福利思想00285家庭社会学00304社区社会工作00281社会调查方法00288机关管理与办公自动化030316 公共政策00318社会调查理论与方法00267现代管理学00107计算机网络基本原理03137办公自动化与电脑汉字处理04590多媒体技术及应用（一）04087学前教育040102 学前教育原理00398学前心理学00384学前游戏论00399学前卫生学00385学前教育史00402课程与教学论00467学前教育学00383心理健康教育040110 变态心理学（一）05626学校心理学05955儿童发展心理学03585临床心理学05622人格心理学04269健康心理学05956小学教育040112 大学数学06227心理卫生与心理辅导00465比较教育00472 课程与教学论00467电脑美术教育040306 Photoshop 5.0 01370 美术鉴赏00744青少年心理学06052工艺制作实践01369工艺美术设计01368秘书学050104 中国秘书史00523传播学概论00642文书学00524管理信息的收集与处理00528中外秘书比较00527档案管理学00511公文选读00525汉语言文学050105 美学00037现代汉语语法研究00821中国现当代作家作品专题研究00812中国古代文学史（一）00538中国古代作家作品专题研究00422中国现代文学史00537中国古代文论选读00814朝鲜语言文学050110 中国近现代史纲要（朝文卷）03708美学概论（朝）01291马克思主义基本原理概论（朝文卷）03709西方现代派文学（朝）01294汉朝翻译01292中国朝鲜族文学史01289汉语言文学教育050113 语文教育及课程研究05938文学评论研究01271二十世纪西方现代主义文学01270青少年心理学06052 古汉字学01268对外汉语050140 英美概况01212中国古代文学（二）01206对外汉语教学法01210中国古代文学（一）01205西方文化与礼仪01209英语050201 英语阅读（一）00595英语翻译00087英语科技文选00836综合英语（一）00794英语词汇学00832英语国家概况00522综合英语（二）00795英美文学选读00604日语050202 现代汉语00535旅游日语03417基础日语（一）00605日语句法篇章法00611高级日语（二）00610第二外语（俄语）00839第二外语（英语）00845外贸函电（日语）06044俄语050203 基础俄语（一）00613高级俄语（一）00617翻译技巧00619基础俄语（二）00614现代俄语概论00620俄罗斯概况00615第二外语（日语）00840第二外语（英语）00845朝鲜语050205 高级韩国语01111 韩国语阅读01113 韩国文学史与文学作品翻译（汉韩互译）（二）韩国语写作01117 选读01115 01118第二外语（日语）00840第二外语（英语）00845英语教育050206 英语语音学（一）07862高级英语精读（一）01257青少年心理学06052高级英语精读（二）01258英美文学选读00604商务英语050225 商务英语阅读（一）01312国际市场营销（英语）09129商务英语阅读（二）01313英语语法00831国际商务英语谈判09131商务英语精读（二）01311商务英语精读（一）01310英语国家概况00522国际商务会计01317商务英语写作（一）01316第二外语（日语）00840国际商务文化09130广告学050302 美学00037传播学概论00642现代管理学00107中国现代文学作品选00530社会学概论00034法学概论00040新闻学050305 传播学概论00642 中外新闻作品研究00661新闻评论写作00658播音与主持050310 艺术概论00504传播学概论00642播音与主持创作基础07173即兴口语表达07176新闻评论写作00658中国古代文学作品选（一）00532中国现代文学史00537音乐教育050408 音乐欣赏（二）07976音乐分析与创作00733学前儿童音乐教育00397中国音乐史07123歌曲分析与写作07127美术教育050410美术教育学00747 中学美术教学法00741动画设计（特教）050438 中国近现代史纲要03708（聋哑试卷）原画理论与创作01062马克思主义基本原理概论03709（聋哑试卷）计算机应用基础00018数字影视后期合成04513三维动画04511卡漫创作与短片制作01071服装设计与工程050443服装结构设计00680 成衣工艺设计03913 西洋服装史03907 服装材料学03908艺术设计050448 设计概论（一）03521艺术概论00504电气设计01383 预算01384 广告学原理03442应用心理学071502 普通心理学02106人体解剖生理学02068心理学史06056心理统计02110学习心理学07051实验心理学02108变态心理学06053心理咨询原理与技术07049心理学071504 变态心理学（一）05626教育原理00405团体心理辅导03372人格心理学03378工程心理学08669消费与广告心理学08670信息管理与服信息揭示02116 信息检索02118 信息咨询02140 信息用户与服务02119务071602 信息组织02117 计算机信息检索02139 信息系统设计与分析02134信息分析方法02124机械制造与自动化080302 电气传动与可编程控制器（PLC）02207自动化制造系统02211现代设计方法02200 经济管理02204光机电一体化工程080308 工程光学06012电子技术基础（一）02234传感器原理及应用06016计算机技术基础06014数控加工与模具设计080327 机械制造技术02191模具制造工艺学02222机床数控原理05661冲压工艺及模具设计02218数控编程05787工程力学与机械设计05799汽车车身数字化设计080332 车身三维数字化设计技术01903车身及零部件快速建模技术01899车身CAD与CAM基础01894汽车造型三维设计技术01901车身及零部件实验技术01898车身工程应用数学基础01891汽车车身设计01897测控技术与仪器080333 应用光学01905光学系统设计01913仪器零件设计01910传感器原理及应用06016微型计算机原理与接口技术02205过程装备与控制工程080342 工程力学（二）02391过程装备控制技术及应用08839机械设计基础02185化工原理（二）03146金属工艺学01666电厂热能动力工程080502 传热学（二）02261电力企业经济管理02268流体力学及泵与风机02259热力发电厂02266汽轮机原理及运行02265工业自动化080603 自动控制理论（一）02291计算机软件基础（一）02243电力拖动自动控制系统02297工业自动化仪表与过程控制02299企业管理概论00144控制系统数字仿真02296电力系统及其自动化080605 计算机软件基础（二）02365电磁场02305电力企业经济管理02268电力系统微型计算机继电保护02313电力电子变流技术02308高电压技术02653汽车电子控制技术080606 公差与测量06925单片机原理及应用02358汽车制造工艺学06930工程图学基础06918汽车机械基础06921汽车电工电子技术基础06931汽车营销管理学06933汽车构造06893电气工程与自动化（铁道电气化方向）080612 计算机控制系统08241 系统辨识基础08243 远动控制系统12323人工智能导论07844计算机仿真11041计算机软件技术11049计算机及应用080702离散数学02324 操作系统02326 计算机系统结构02325 计算机网络原理04741计算机网络080709 网络操作系统02335 计算机网络安全04751通信概论04742计算机网络原理04741计算机软件（编程技术方向）080711 Visual Basic程序设计07759计算机专业英语（一）07757C++语言03858WIN2000 07758计算机网络06540数据库原理02336信息技术教育080713 计算机组成原理02318操作系统02326计算机网络基本原理03137网页设计与制作00900青少年心理学06052数据库o及学校应用01263数控技术080741 模具与现代加工技术概论05665数控系统维护及调试05667模拟、数字及电力电子技术02238微型计算机原理与接口技术02205动画080746 计算机应用技术02316艺术概论00504多媒体技术应用05710网页动画设计04744三维动画04511 剪辑学04743网络管理080758 网络数据库技术07237网络资源规划与管理技术03719电子邮件系统构筑、管理及应用03717网络攻防技术与实践03720实用IT项目管理03715计算机网络工程设计07242计算机应用软件080762 汇编语言与微机原理01337计算机外围设备原理01352Visual C++ 05708计算机专业英语（一）07757编译技术06370计算机文化基础05829计算机安全技术01353计算机常用算法01339网络应用程序开发01350计算机应用数学01332建筑工程080806 结构力学（二）02439 建筑设备02446计算机基础与程序设计02275钢结构02442道路与桥梁工程080807 计算机应用与辅助设计07965工程数学（一）07961公路工程地质07966隧道工程06081公路施工组织与概预算06084测量学00113道路勘测设计02405道路建筑材料06280公路与城市道路工程080821 土力学与地基基础04057 城市道路设计05506 交通工程学05113结构设计原理（二）06287环境工程081102 有机化学（二）02066流体力学与水泵08831环境微生物学04892计算机基础与程序设计02275环境监测（一）02469环境影响评价08291化学工程与工艺081205 化工热力学02485 绿色化学概论08840化工安全生产与管理04882化工原理（二）03146工业化学02486应用化学081209 有机化学（二）02066 物理化学（二）02051 化工原理（二）03146精细化工过程与设备08829食品科学与工程081308 食品分析03277食品机械与设备03279生物化学（二）02634 食品营养学03286食品安全与品控081314 食品加工与保藏（本）05767食品工厂设计与环境保护03794有机/绿色食品概论03797食品营养学03286食品包装学04193汽车维修与检测081710 汽车车身电控技术06903维修企业管理06892汽车智能化检测技术06899工程图学基础06918汽车发动机电控技术06901汽车运用工程06898汽车电工电子技术基础06931机械设计基础02185汽车构造06893特种车辆06905汽车运行材料06906交通铁路运输081711 计算机在铁道工程中应用05589铁路集装运输05206铁路运输收入管理06348铁道概论06349铁路计划管理05596国际货物运输07113高速运输系统安全05597交通运输管理信息系统07299 铁路运输工程081712交通运输经济法规07111 铁路管理运筹学05588隧道工程06081液压及气动技术05598铁路运输安全管理05207 铁路运输经济学07106高速运输系统安全05597铁路运输能力计算07115 汽车营销与售后技术服务081727汽车售后服务管理05870 汽车维修技术05835 汽车服务企业管理03991 汽车消费心理学01320 汽车电子商务03977现代汽车新技术01322汽车消费信贷技术01319 旧机动车贸易01325 车辆工程基础05841 汽车营销技术05871汽车保险与理赔06904汽车营销商务谈判01330计算机信息管理082208运筹学基础02375 信息资源管理02378管理经济学02628操作系统概论02323 计算机网络原理04741 工程造价管理082231工程项目管理06087城市规划原理03305 房屋建筑构造与识图04617建设工程工程量清单计价实务04228 工程财务06961建设工程合同（含FIDIC ）条款04231 工程造价确定与控制06962汽车服务工程082232汽车智能化检测技术06899 汽车鉴定与评估04444 汽车营销与贸易04446汽车节能技术06895 汽车运用工程06898 汽车概论04442 汽车维修工程04447 汽车保险与理赔05873汽车电控新技术04438管理信息系统082237计算机信息处理04023 财务信息管理系统01365 竞争情报系统01355信息系统设计与分析02134 国际企业管理资讯01354 农学090102 作物栽培学（二）02670种子生产与经营管理02683作物育种学02672 农业推广学02678 植物生产概论02717生物化学（二）02634 农产品加工02680土壤肥料学02668 植物科学技术090122植物育种学05147现代生物学导论05146植物生理学02662 植物生产概论02717设施农业05148畜牧兽医090403动物遗传育种学02794 养牛学06714动物营养与代谢病防治02795农业推广学02678 小动物疾病诊断与防治07920养猪学06712 畜牧微生物学02798动物科学090407 家禽学06700 畜牧概论02788 羊生产学06702 猪生产学06701 牛生产学06698 畜牧微生物学02798 现代牧业生产090416配合饲料学01376禽生产学05945农业推广学02678 猪生产学06701畜产品加工02074牛生产学06698牧草加工与贮藏06723 护理学100702 内科护理学（二）03202 预防医学（二）03200护理学导论03201老年护理学04435 社区护理学（一）03004 急救护理学03007 社区护理学100705护理社会学概论03700 社区护理学导论03621 预防医学（二）03200 老年护理学04435社区健康评估03622 中医护理学基础03629中药学100802 药事管理学03034中药制药工程原理与设备03052 无机化学（三）02911 药理学（三）03050中药制剂分析03053生理学02899药物制剂药物制剂工程03747工业药剂学03750 生物药物分离纯化技术生物药剂学04960100806 药物制剂生产专用设备及车间工艺设计0374403746卫生事业管理100902 卫生政策与法规03062医院管理学03059现代管理学00107高级卫生经济学03061预防医学（一）（含流行病学）02881人体解剖组织学02893组织行为学00152药学与药品营销100904 药物化学（一）07957现代生物制药技术03748药物经济学与新药研究开发07962药物分析03031生物制药100907 医学免疫学06792药学生物制品学01245微机基础及操作01242 基因工程原理01244园林090115 园林生态学07427 园林育种学05883 园林苗圃学06631 观赏植物栽培学06045公共关系050309 创新思维理论与方法03298公共政策00318公共关系口才03292企业文化03297现代谈判学03293公共关系案例03294组织行为学00152社会学概论00034英语翻译050134 英汉语言文化比较05349中级英语笔译05350英语语法00831英美文学选读00604第二外语（日语）00840视觉传达设计（装潢设计方向）050433 中国近现代史纲要03708马克思主义基本原理概论03709英语（二）00015专科及基础科段（48个专业）国际贸易020109 市场营销学00058国际商法00091国际贸易00089 基础会计学00041 国际技术贸易00093中英合作金融管理020116 毛泽东思想、邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想概论03707政治经济学（财经类）00009大学语文04729公司管理020168 市场营销学00058公司战略管理07525中国税制00146基础会计学00041 企业管理概论00144会计020203 管理会计（一）00157 中国税制00146 中级财务会计00155基础会计学00041企业管理概论00144市场营销020207 市场营销学00058谈判与推销技巧00179市场调查与预测00178基础会计学00041消费心理学00177企业管理概论00144中英合作商务管理020214 毛泽东思想、邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想概论03707政治经济学（财经类）00009大学语文04729物流管理020228物流数学05361 物流运输管理03365 物流企业会计05364 物流运作实务06997劳动和社会保障020231 劳动与社会保障法制建设03313采购与供应管理020265 物流数学05361商业组织与过程05734物流企业会计05364采购谈判与供应商选择05728销售管理020313 市场营销学00058商品流通概论00185计算机应用基础00018消费心理学00177概率论与数理统计（经管理学原理00054 管类）04183法律030112 宪法学05679国际法00247刑法学00245 刑事诉讼法学00260 法理学05677社会工作与管理030202 社会心理学（一）00266社会调查理论与方法00267社会保障概论00071行政管理学00277社会工作实务00273社会学概论00034机关管理及办公自动化030307 信息资源管理02378 办公室管理00344 行政管理学00277行政法与行政诉讼法00220心理健康教育040109 心理健康教育概论05615青少年心理卫生05618社会心理学04265特殊儿童心理与教育03518秘书050102 现代汉语基础00854 当代中国政治制度00315秘书实务00510社会学概论00034法学概论00040汉语言文学050114 现代汉语00535教育学（一）00429普通逻辑00024中国现代文学作品选00530写作（一）00506心理学00031中国古代文学作品选（一）00532朝鲜语言文学050119 毛泽东思想、邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想概论（朝文卷）03707现代朝鲜语00587思想道德修养与法律基础（朝文卷）03706古代朝鲜语00586文学概论（二）（朝文卷）00542朝语写作00828外国文学00598英语050207 英语语法00831综合英语（一）00794外贸函电00094英语国家概况00522综合英语（二）00795日语050208 基础日语（一）00605 日语语法00607 日语阅读（二）00844 商务日语06043 俄语050209 基础俄语（一）00613 俄罗斯概况00615 俄语语法00234朝鲜语050211 朝鲜语阅读00849 朝鲜语基础（二）00628朝鲜语基础（一）00627翻译（汉韩互译）（一）01108视觉传达设计050406设计概论（一）03521音乐教育050407 教育学（一）00429艺术概论00504基本乐理00721 心理学00031 和声06114美术教育050409 教育学（一）00429艺术概论00504中国美术史（二）07071心理学00031艺术设计（特教）050436 毛泽东思想、邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想概论（聋哑卷）03707思想道德修养与法律基础（聋哑卷）03706现代设计史05424 大学语文04729服装设计与工程050442 成衣制作工艺05409服装发展简史03902服装纸样原理05401服装材料00677服装生产管理03904服装企业督导管理03905地铁电动客车技术080312 电路理论基础07437 机械制图基础05463现代交流传动及其控制系统05468电力机车电器05470数控加工与模具设计080326 数控机床04114机械制图及AutoCad04068公差配合与测量04110机械设计基础02185金属材料与热处理05508数控加工编程与操作04118汽车车身数字化设计080331 汽车造型概论01887工程图学基础06918车身及零部件制造工艺01886三维数字化设计技术基础01888汽车构造06893电厂热能动力工程080501 机械制图（一）02183电厂汽轮机02255电工与电子技术02187热工测量及仪表02256工程流体力学02250微型计算机原理与接口技术02205电力系统及其自动化080604 电力系统继电保护02302 电机学02271计算机基础与程序设计02275电力系统自动装置02304电子技术基础（二）02273工程制图02151现代信息技术教育080725 数字图像处理04586数据库原理与程序设计05918创意图形设计03785计算机基础与程序设计02275计算机文化基础05829电脑动画07227创意网页设计05551数控技术应用080744 机械制图及AutoCad04068机械制造技术02191公差配合与测量04110数控原理与数控技术运用05785机械工程材料02561数控编程05787工程数学06268道路与桥梁工程080802 工程力学（二）02391桥梁工程02409道路施工与管理02411结构力学（一）02393土木工程制图02386路基路面工程02407建筑材料02389道路勘测设计02405公路与城市道路工程080815 工程招标与合同管理06289画法几何及工程制图00706线路工程（专）06529建筑力学04054高速公路06080道路建筑材料06280食品安全与品控081320 计算机在食品工程中的应用04186食品微生物学02517食品生物化学02516食品毒理学05764 食品分析与检验02521地铁运输与管理081721 电路理论基础07437 地铁行车组织05776 旅客运输07297铁路运营管理自动化05780汽车服务工程082229 汽车发动机构造与维修05875职业道德与礼仪05868汽车电气设备与维修05879汽车底盘构造与维修05877汽车营销技术05871兽医公共卫生090415 兽医微生物及免疫学07410食用动物传染病学01412动物性食品卫生管理学01419食用动物卫生病理学01414食用动物组织解剖学01410眼视光技术100310眼镜市场营销学03771 眼镜片工艺学03760 低视力康复学03768 眼视光器械学03764护理学100701 健康教育学00488护理学基础02997生物化学（三）03179营养学03000微生物学与免疫学基础02864生理学02899儿科护理学（一）03003社区护理学100704 健康教育学00488社区护理学导论03621营养学03000微生物学与免疫学基础02864社区健康评估03622生理学02899中药学100803 中药化学03038 中药药剂学03044 中药药理学03046 药用植物学03037 中药炮制学03042药学与药品营药物化学03023 网络药学07951 药事法规07956 网络广告实务07955销100903生物制药100906 有机化学（二）02066生物药理学01399无机化学（二）02173代谢与调控01398药事法规07956注射药品制剂学01406网络管理080757 计算机组成原理02318 信息安全工程07875 计算机网络06540HTML、XML语言与网页设计03712环境艺术设计050425 毛泽东思想、邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想概论03707思想道德修养与法律基础03706大学语文04729酒店管理与导游020290 现代酒店营销策划03960 导游基础知识01521酒店餐饮实务与操作01522酒店前厅与客房运行实务01523。

高考英语外刊时文精读精练 (2)Rise of the robots机器人的崛起主题语境：人与社会主题语境内容：科学与技术【外刊原文】（斜体单词为超纲词汇,认识即可；下划线单词为课标词汇,需熟记。

）The word “robot” was coined（创造） in 1920 by the Czech playwright Karel感器）, fast wireless communications and powerful, smaller computer chips（芯social care and much more.the pandemic（疫情）and some people have left the workforce（劳动rising numbers of boxes. They are even beginning to trundle（移动）slowly alongpandemic-ravaged world, short of workers but with lots of elderly folk to look after,And yet many people fear that robots will destroy jobs. A paper in 2013 by economists at Oxford University was widely misinterpreted（曲解） as meaningfor labour markets. Japan and South Korea have the highest robot penetration （渗透）but very strong workforces. A Yale University study that looked atJapanese manufacturing（生产）between 1978 and 2017 found that an increase of one robot unit per 1,000 workers boosted a company’s employment by 2.2%. Research from the Bank of Korea found that robotisation（机器自动化） moved jobs away from manufacturing into other sectors（领域）, but that there was no decrease in overall vacancies（空位）. Another study, by researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and colleagues elsewhere, looked at Finnishhiring.For all that, the march of the robots will bring big changes to workplaces. Theof lasers.make society as a whole better off. One lesson from the freewheeling（自由放纵的）globalisation of the 1990s and 2000s is that the growth in trade that wasbecause the losers felt left behind. That is one more reason why firms and governmentsand manage the robots that will increasingly be their colleagues.The potential gains from the robot revolution are huge. In Capek’s play, the robots revolt（反叛）against their human masters and cause mass unemployment and worse. The beginnings of the world’s real robots have not matched Capek’s satire （讽刺）. There is no reason to think that their future needs to either.【课标词汇】1.artificial人造的,人工的；仿造的•clothes made of artificial fibres人造纤维质地的服装•an artificial heart人造心脏•an artificial lake人工湖•artificial fur/sweeteners/flowers人造毛皮／人造甜味剂／假花2.functional 实用的 ;作用的；功能的；（能）起作用的,工作的,运转的Bathrooms don't have to be purely functional. 浴室不必完全只为了实用。

Now read the following text carefully.Brain drain is the loss suffered by a region as a result of theemigration of a (highly) qualified person, while brain gain iswhen a country benefits as a consequence of immigration of a highly qualified person.Brain drain has a socio-economic impact on concerned regions. Human capital flight, more commonly known as brain drain, is a problem faced by many parts of Europe. It is characterized as the emigration of highly skilled laborers to other countries. The EU countries such as Romania, Poland, Italy, and Portugal are especially affected by brain drain, while other countries such as Sweden, Ireland, Estonia, and Denmark notice the opposite effect, namely brain gain.The main effect is ‘brain waste’. This happens when workers who are highly skilled move to a region with incomplete or one-sided information on the labor/skill demand and then end up in being unemployed or employed in a job not requiring their high skills.There are both push and pull factors affecting brain drain. Pull factors include higher employment rate, higher salary and a perceived increase in quality of life, while the push factors are high youth unemployment and high enterprise death rate.Brain drain can have a negative impact on the sending region, such as reduction of human capital, limited capacity to innovate, reduced economic growth, demographic shifts, and a higher cost of public goods. Albeit small, there are positive side-effects as well, such as return migration, incentives for investment in education and improvement of governance.This calls for a territorial approach. The Committee of the Regions therefore suggests that Local and Regional Authorities develop instruments and promote measures to increase the attractiveness of the regions facing a Brain drain and to set up local alliances, which can help in drafting and implementing of local policies in order to mitigate brain drain.The brain drain and its negative effects have been key concerns of the Commission for Social Policy, Education, Employment, Research and Culture of the European Committee of the Regions. As current economic and social disparities between European regions are the main trigger to brain drain, Mr. Emil Boc has stressed the need for a strong association between Europe’s cohesion policy, which will help in addressing the existing imbalances and further promote an even development across the regions of Europe. This will also help in putting out front the measures expected to combat the problem of brain drain including investing in education, employment, innovation and social inclusion in European regions.A study founded by the Commission for Social Policy, Education, Employment, Research, and Culture analyzed several programs across Europe and came up with the following list of best practices for combating brain drain. This list includes steps like understanding the need of skilled workers, creating mechanisms for cooperation between government, corporations, and universities, stimulating inflow of outside talent, removing structural barriers, cooperating with authorities facing the same challenges, etc.In February 2020, the Committee of the Regions adopted an opinion, ‘Brain drain in the EU: addressing the challenge at all levels’. It observes the complex issue of Brain drain in Europe and stresses the need for a stronger association between cohesion policy and measures envisaged to deal with brain drain.Two of the key Europe 2020 objectives, increasing the percentage of employed people and improving social inclusion, are also directly relevant to creating favorable conditions which will diminish brain drain.https://aer.eu/brain-drain/-19 February, 2020 By Shubhaangi SrivastavaComplete the sentences according to the text.1.Due to emigration some countries _____2.Brain drain has not only a _____ but also an ____ one.3.Countries like Portugal ______ while others like Sweden ____.4.Brain drain happens because of ____ whereas brain gain is a consequence of _____5.The EU is trying to fight the brain drain negative consequences with measures like ______What do the underlined words refer to in the text.1.It2.This3.Which4.ItWhat do these words/ expressions mean in the text?1.Human capital flight2.side-effects3.Mitigate4.triggerA.Rewrite the following sentences starting them with the given words.1.Human capital flight is a problem faced by many parts of Europe.Many parts of Europe ________2.People are unemployed or employed in a job not requiring their highskills, so they emigrate to other country.If people weren’t ___________3.Push and pull factors are affecting brain drain.Brain drain _________4.African countries get little return from their investment in higher education, since too many graduated leave or fail to return home at the end of their studies.As ________。

现代大学英语精读21. 课程简介现代大学英语精读2是大学英语专业的一门主干课程，旨在提高学生的英语阅读能力和理解能力。

本课程主要通过阅读各类英语文本，培养学生的阅读技巧和阅读理解能力，提高学生的综合语言能力。

本文档将对课程的教学内容、教学标准和学习方法进行详细介绍。

2. 教学内容现代大学英语精读2的教学内容主要包括以下几个方面：2.1 文本阅读本课程将为学生提供丰富的英语文本，包括新闻报道、学术论文、文学作品等。

学生需要通过阅读这些文本，提取关键信息并理解其中的逻辑关系。

通过阅读不同类型的文章，学生将了解不同领域的知识，拓宽自己的视野，并提高自己的阅读理解能力。

2.2 语法和词汇在阅读的过程中，学生也会遇到各种各样的语法和词汇问题。

本课程将对常见的语法知识和词汇进行讲解和练习，帮助学生理解和运用这些语法和词汇知识。

通过学习语法和词汇，学生将提升自己的语言运用能力，更好地理解和分析所读的文本。

除了提供文本和语言知识的学习，本课程还注重培养学生的阅读技巧。

学生将学习如何快速获取文本的主题和重点信息，如何分析文本的结构和逻辑关系，以及如何有效地记笔记和总结。

这些阅读技巧将有助于学生更高效地阅读各种英语文本，提高自己的阅读效率和准确性。

3. 教学标准现代大学英语精读2的教学标准旨在提高学生的英语阅读能力和理解能力。

教学标准包括以下几个方面：3.1 阅读能力学生需要通过本课程的学习，提高自己的整体阅读能力。

他们应能够快速阅读并理解各种类型的英语文本，并能够准确地提取文本中的关键信息。

同时，学生需要能够分析文本的结构和逻辑关系，把握文章的主题和推理过程。

3.2 词汇掌握学生需要掌握一定量的英语词汇，能够理解并正确使用常见的词汇。

他们还需要学会通过上下文推理词义，并能够积累和运用新的词汇。

3.3 语法运用学生需要掌握常见的英语语法知识，并能够正确运用这些知识。

他们需要理解句子的结构和语法规则，并能够根据需要调整句子的结构和表达方式。

你外语系英语专业（国际传播方向）本科培养方案一、专业中英文名称和专业代码英语专业 English 专业代码: 050201二、学科门类和授予学位类别英国语言文学，授予文学学士学位三、专业培养目标本专业培养具有扎实的英语语言基本功，较强的英语语言运用能力，掌握国际新闻传播领域的基本专业知识与技能和一定的经济专业知识，具备较强的能力和较高的素质，能够应用中英文在国际新闻传播等领域胜任经济新闻采编、编译、节目主持、英语教学等工作的高素质复合型、应用型英语人才。

毕业适用单位为国内外各类新闻媒体、各级对外宣传部门、外事部门和企业单位等。

培养要求：1．英语语音、语调正确，词法、句法、章法规范。

认知15，000左右的词汇，熟练掌握5000个左右的常用词和短语，能流利运用英语进行日常生活的交流，在口头和书面表达时能够做到通顺流畅；能熟练运用英语进行经济新闻与文化传播的口笔译、英语广播及电视节目的播音与主持工作；2.能听懂英语广播新闻报道及各种经济新闻报道，能够正确、流利地运用英语从事国际经济新闻传播领域的相关工作；3．能阅读英文报刊杂志上有关政治、经济、文化等方面的专业报道，能阅读英文原著文献；了解英语国家的经济文化，能恰当处理各种经济新闻及文化传播业务，能参与各类中外经济文化交流活动；4．掌握国际传播方面的专业知识与技能和一定的经济专业知识，能用英语进行采访、经济新闻采编，能够迅速、准确地完成英语经济新闻稿件的撰写、编译以及文化交流活动。

四、学制四年五、毕业合格标准及学分要求（一）毕业学分要求最低总学分：178学分其中：必修课111学分选修课最低学分：42学分实践环节：25学分（二）获得学士学位除满足学校规定的学位授予条件外，英语必须通过国家专业四级或大学英语六级。

六、教学计划进程表英语专业（国际传播方向）课程设置及教学进程表（2007）七、课程结构分析表表一英语（国际传播方向）专业毕业生应修学分参考表表二课程结构分析表表三英语专业（国际传播方向）课程结构表八、学生选课指导外语系英语专业学生经过前两年四个学期基础学习后，从第三年的第五学期开始，外语系提供两个方向供选择：国际商务和国际传播。

Unit 2Part I New Wordsdeclaration n. 宣布，宣告，宣言，声明a declaration of independence 独立宣言The government will issue a formal declaration tomorrow. 政府将于明天发布正式声明。

declare v. 断言，宣称He declared (that) he was right. 他力陈他是对的。

He declared his true feelings to her. 他向她表白了自己的真实感情。

independence n. 独立；自主；自立I've always valued my independence. 我一向很重视自己的独立。

I-Day 美国独立纪念日(7月4日)Young people have more independence these days. 现在的年轻人更加独立自主。

independent a. 自主的；独立的India became independent in 1947. 印度于1947年独立。

I wanted to remain independent in old age. 我希望年老时还能自给自足(独立生活)。

obtain v. 得到，获得；行，得到公认，应用Where can I obtain the book? 我在哪里能买到（得到）这本书?These ideas no longer obtain. 这些见解已经行不通了。

Different laws obtain in different places. 不同的法律适用在不同的地方。

besides prep./ad. 除…以外（还）；而且，也He had other people to take care of besides me. 除了我以外, 他还需要照料其他人。

I don't want to go; besides, I'm too tired. 我不想去, 再说我也太累了。

Unit One Techn‎o logy‎vs. Terro‎r ism参考译文应对恐怖主‎义的技术毒素嗅探器‎、导弹人为干‎发射机、放射性核弹‎探测器：‚9〃11‛事件后闪电式的‎保卫行动不‎仅影响着公‎共安全——还在改变着‎科学的进程‎。

史蒂芬〃汉德曼[1] 在防止未来‎的“9·11” 事件式攻击‎—或更恶劣的‎攻击—的竞赛中，华盛顿以前‎苏联发射人‎造地球卫星‎以来所未有‎的规模对美‎国的科学机‎构做了安排‎。

自2003‎年以来，联邦政府对‎国土防卫研‎究的投资猛‎增到近 40 亿美元，而这只不过‎是安全总开‎支的沧海一‎粟。

更重要的是‎，加快的开支‎把以前截然‎不同的科学‎项目结合了‎起来：软件工程师‎、流行病学家‎和生物学家‎合作开发保‎护空气与食‎物不遭受生‎物恐怖手段‎破坏的技术‎。

核物理学家‎和生物恐怖‎活动专家如‎今与行为科‎学最好的智‎囊人物合作‎，设计减少核‎走私与自杀‎式炸弹威胁‎的方法。

[2] 然而有些专‎家认为，这么大的开‎支实际上只‎能提供一种‎安全上的错‎觉。

《超脱恐惧：明智地考虑‎变幻莫测世‎界的安全问‎题》的作者布鲁‎斯· 施奈尔说：“这当中有许‎多都是做表‎面文章的保‎安技术，目的是让你‎感到更安全‎。

” 他指出，高技术防护‎措施大量涌‎入了从白宫‎到各地市政‎厅等标志性‎建筑内，他声称这就‎会将恐怖分‎子的注意力‎引向地铁与‎体育场等“ 较软性” 目标。

但政府似乎‎也赞同此观‎点。

不断扩大的‎国土保安措‎施不仅包括‎了大目标，而且也包括‎了国家广大‎易受攻击的‎区域。

下面是 5 个风险最高‎的领域以及‎今后几年会‎出现的一些‎保卫它们的‎技术。

空气、水、食品[3] 这个领域里‎最大的难题‎之一是研制‎一系列传感‎器，它们能觉察‎出对从田地‎里的庄稼到‎公共场所的‎空调系统等‎各样事物所‎发动的攻击‎。

环保局和疾‎病控制预防‎中心及联邦‎调查局协作‎，在美国 30 个城市部署‎了一个微型‎毒素检测器‎的网络，作为叫做“ 生物警卫” 的 3 亿美元项目‎的一部分。

《高级英语高级英语》》课程教学大纲一、课程基本信息课程代码：080029；080030课程名称：高级英语I;高级英语II英文名称：Advanced English课程类别：专业课学时：72X2=144学 分：4X2=8适用对象:英语（旅游管理方向）、英语（国际商务方向）专业高年级学生考核方式：笔试先修课程：《现代大学英语》精读（基础英语）1-4册二、课程简介高级英语课程题材广泛，时代气息浓厚，选材体裁多样，除说明文外，还有记叙文、叙述文和论说文，是一门训练学生综合英语技能尤其是阅读理解、语法修辞与写作能力的课程,注重培养学生对不同体裁﹑不同题材﹑不同风格的文章的理解和欣赏能力。

课程材料主要选自名家作品，内容涉及政治﹑经济﹑社会﹑文化、文学﹑教育﹑哲学诸方面。

通过精心阅读与分析，学生的知识面得以扩大，对社会和人生的理解得以加深，分析理解能力及逻辑思维能力得以升华，英语语言综合运用能力得以提高。

为此，每课都配有大量的相关练习，包括阅读理解、词汇研究、句子释义，文体分析、中英互译和写作练习等。

Featured in a wide range of materials with strong flavor of thetimes and various types of writing—exposition,description,narration and argumentation,Advanced English is a course designed to train students’comprehensive English skills,especially in reading comprehension,grammar,rhetoric and writing.Great attention is paid to students’development in comprehension and appreciation of the articles with different types,themes and styles.Materials are selected largely from some famous contemporary masters’works with respect to politics, economics,society,culture,literature,education,philosophy,etc. Students’scrupulous reading and analysis of the articles help to broaden their knowledge,deepen their understanding of life and society,elevate their analysis and logical thinking and enhance their ability comprehensively in application of the English language.For those purposes,plenty of relevant exercises are attached to each lesson forreading comprehension,word study,sentence paraphrase,style analysis, writing and Chinese-English cross-translation.三、课程性质与教学目的根据全国英语专业教学大纲规定，在基础阶段的英语教学完成以后，必须继续进行更高一级的英语阅读教学。

大学英语精读第二册课后习题答案Unit4II Comprehension of the text1-5 BCADC 6-8 ABDIII Vocabulary Activities1． 1) few2)A little3)little4)few5)a few , little6)a few , few7)little8)few2.1) function2) corresponded with each other3)immune to4)at ease5)displayed6)approach7)puzzle8)a household word9)capable of carrying out10)so much so that1)a series of3. 1) a series of2)approaches3)are pursuing4)ambition5)fame6)come to terms with7)work out8)singled out9)personality10)taken apart11)at ease12)observe13)modest14)application15)curiosity16)solutions4.1) He writes exclusively for the "Washington Post".2)The friendship your people have for our people impressed me deeply during my visit in your country./ I was deeply impressed during my visit in your country by the friendship your people have for our people.3)It took Joe a long time to come to terms with the fact thathe would no longer be able to go sailing again.4)Jim's grandfather believes more in fresh air and exercise than in medicine.5)Owing to his poor education he was frustrated in his attempt to find a good job.6)Most American cities are relatively small in terms of population when compared to Chinese cities like Shanghaiand Beijing.IV Enriching Your Word Power1.1) emotional2) angry3) atomic4) exclusive5) famous6) jealous7) safe8) simple9)important10)valuable11)central12)delightful/delighted13)feasible14)fortunate15)personal16)capable17)sandy18)original19)curious20) easy2.1) typewriter2)honeymoon3)airport4)schoolmaster5)necklace6)eyesight7)loudspeaker8)sunrise9)heartbeat10)blood-test11)motorcycle12)crossroad13)spaceship14)superpower15)lifeboat16)rainstorm3.1)handbook/handmade/handsaw/handshake/handwork/handwr iting2)housebreaker/housekeep/housekeeper/house arrest/housemate/housework3)workbook/workday/workmate/workshop/worksite/worktab le4)bookkeeper/bookmark/bookreview/bookseller/bookshelf/bookstall5)riverside/roadside/bedside/dockside/inside/outside6)classroom/living room/readingroom/waiting room/consulting room/dark roomV Usage1.1) a drop of blood2)a grain of wheat3)a length of rope4)a lump of sugar5)a ball of string6)a block of marble7)a roll of toilet paper8)a helping of pie9)a blanket of heavy mist10)a slice of beefVI Structure1.1) Joe's father was seen to return after dark.2) The wind was heard to roar through the trees.3)I don't think Tom can be made to take theboss's orders.4)The young man was seen to enter the buildingnext to the bank.5)When she was in Shanghai the actress was heard tosay she had long thought of this city as her second home. 6) After the minister of education had finishedspeaking at the press conference, he was made to answer all sorts of questions.2.1) The doctor advised (that) Mike (should) stayin hospital until he was fully recovered.2)Cathy's father insisted (that) she (should) takea two-week rest before going back to work.3)The chairman of the Trade Union suggested (that)a special committee (should) be set up to look into the problem./ The chairman of the Trade Union suggested(that) they set up a special committee to look into the problem.4)The commander ordered (that) our company (should)start the attack before dawn.5)Knowing Jack to be dishonest, I demanded (that)he (should) tell me nothing but the truth.6)The dean of the philosophy department requested(that) the visiting scholar (should) give a lecture Sartre.onVII Cloze1.1) bewildered2)impressed3)modest4)profound5)displayed6)ambition7)singled out8)puzzle9)capable10)at ease2.1) by2)with3)listened4)gave5)told6)lecture7)sure8)Why9)for10)agreed11)two12)hall13)before14)place15)began16)single17)success18)people19)shaking20)followed21)before22)stopped23)a24)listened25)not26)nodded27)did28)thought29)but30)order31)was32)answerVIII Spot Dictation1)childhood2)a slow start3)mathematics4)grew up5)devote himself to research6)world-famous7)explain8)you think it's two hours9)the physical world10)conquerIX Translation1)那小女孩跑得太快，身体一下失去平衡，跌倒了。

高级英语（二）教与学指南Practice Testsfor Advanced English(2)主编张华鸿前言编写本书的目的：目前英语专业三年级所使用的由上海外国语大学李观仪教授主编的〈新编英语教程〉第五、六册本书的主要特点：1．紧扣精读课文编写练习，实用性、针对性强。

2．对于同义词辨析的练习配以详尽的解释和相应的例句，旨在帮助学生真正弄懂并掌握这些词的用法。

3．设计了旨在提高学生语言运用熟练程度的系列练习，分别为：一、英语释义二、英语句型转换三、汉译英四、完形填空五、成段改错4．练习均配有参考答案。

本书由张华鸿主编。

高华老师负责编写同义词辨析部分；郑艳丽老师负责编写句型转换部分；张华鸿老师负责编写英语释义、汉译英、完形填空和成段改错四部分，以及全书的编排、设计、整合与审编定稿等工作。

本书承华南师范大学外国语言文化学院领导的大力支持，以及英语系高年级教研室全体同仁的热心帮助，编者在此表示衷心的感谢。

编者2003年1月于华南师范大学外文学院ContentsUnit One: VESUVIUS ERUPTS 3 Unit Two: THE FINE ART OF PUTTING THINGS OFF16 Unit Three: WALLS AND BARRIERS28 Unit Four: THE LADY，OR THE TIGER？40 Unit Five: THE LADY，OR THE TIGER？53 Unit Six: DULL WORK65 Unit Seven:BEAUTY 74 Unit Eight: APPETITE84 Unit Nine: A RED LIGHT FOR SCOFFLAWS98 Unit Ten: STRAIGHT-A ILLITERACY114131 Unit Eleven: ON CONSIGNING MANUSCRIPTS TOFLOPPY DISCS AND ARCHIVES TO OBLIVIONUnit Twelve: GRANT AND LEE147 Unit Thirteen: EUPHEMISM163 Unit Fourteen: THAT ASTOUNDING CREATOR---NA TURE175 Unit Fifteen: TEACHING AS MOUNTAINEERING191Unit OneTEXT IVESUVIUS ERUPTSI. Paraphrase the parts underlined in the following:So the letter which you asked me to write on my uncle’s death has made you eager to hear about the terrors and also the hazards I had to face 1when left at Misenum, for I 2broke off at the beginning of this part of my story.I took a bath, dined, and then dozed 3fitfully for a while. For several days past there had been earth 4tremors which were not particularly alarming because they are frequent in Campania: but that night the shocks were so violent that everything fell as if it were not only shaken but overturned.I don’t know whether I sh ould call this courage or 5folly on my part (I was only seventeen at the time) but I 6called for a volume of Livy and went on reading as if I had nothing else to do.Up came a friend of my uncle’s who had just come from Spain to join him. When he saw us sitting there and me actually reading, he scolded us both —me for my 7foolhardiness and my mother for allowing it.By now it was dawn [25 August in the year 79], but the light was still dim and 8faint. The buildings round us were already 9tottering, and the open space we were in was too small for us not to be in real and 10imminent danger if the house collapsed. This finally 11decided us to leave the town. We were followed by a panic- stricken mob of people wanting to act on someone else’s decision 12in preference to their own (a point in which fear looks like 13prudence), who 14hurried us on our way by pressing hard behind in a dense crowd.We also saw the sea sucked away and apparently forced back by the earthquake: at any rate it receded from the shore so that 15quantities of sea creatures were left 16stranded on dry sand. On the landward side a fearful black cloud was 17rent by forked and quivering bursts of flame, and parted to reveal great tongues of fire, like flashes of lightning magnified in size.At t his point my uncle’s friend from Spain 18spoke up still more urgently: “If your brother, if your uncle is still alive, he will want you both to be saved; if he is dead, he would want you to survive him so why put off your escape?”Soon afterwards the cloud sank down to earth and covered the sea; it had already 19blotted out Capri and hidden the promontory of Misenum from sight. Then my mother 20implored, entreated, and commanded me to escape as best I couldI looked round: a dense black cloud was coming up behind us, spreading over the earth like a flood. “Let us leave the road while we can still see,” I said, “or we shall be knocked down and 21trampled underfoot in the dark by the crowd behind.”You could hear the shrieks of women, the 22wailing of infants, and the shouting of men; some were calling their parents, others their children or their wives, trying to recognize them by their voices. People 23bewailed their own fate or that of their relatives, and there were some who 24prayed for death in their terror of dying. Many 25besought the aid of the gods, but still more imagined there were no gods left, and that the universe was plunged into eternal darkness forevermore. There were people, too, who 26added to the real perils byinventing 27fictitious dangers: some reported that part of Misenum had collapsed or another part was on fire, and though their tales were false they found others to believe them. A 28gleam of light returned, but we took this to be a warning of the approaching flames rather than daylight.I could boast that not a groan or cry of fear 29escaped me in these perils, 30had I not derived some poor consolation in my mortal lot from the belief that the whole world was dying with me and I with it.We returned to Misenum where we 31attended to our physical needs as best we could, and then spent an anxious night alternating between hope and fear.II. Rewrite the followingFor each of the sentences below, write a new sentence as close in meaning as possible to the original sentence by using the given words as the beginning.1. We were followed by a panic-stricken mob of people wanting to act on someone else’s decision in preference to their own, who hurried us on our way by pressing hard behind in a dense crowd.Panic-stricken, the mob of people close behind us ___________ _ 2. We replied that we would not think of considering our own safety as long as we were uncertain of his.Unless we were ___________________________________3. There were people, too, who added to the real perils by inventing fictitious dangers: some reported that part of Misenum had collapsed or another part was on fire, and though their tales were false they found others to believe them.By reporting that part of Misenum had collapsed or another part was on fire, _______ 4. I could boast that not a groan or cry of fear escaped me in these perils, had I not derived some poor consolation in my mortal lot from the belief that the whole world was dying with me and I with it.Because I derived some poor consolation_____________________5. Several hysterical individuals made their own and other people’s calamities seem ludicrous in comparison with their frightful predictions.Compared with several individuals’ frightful predictions, the calamities____________ III. Translate the following into English1. 还未等我们坐下来喘息，夜幕已经降临，这黑暗使你觉得不是在无月色或多云的夜晚，而像是在灯火熄灭的紧闭的房间里。