医学英语教程(生物医学)u1-u4 A课后单词

Unit 4 Common Diseases and Ailments现代医疗与疾病There is no end in sight in the battle between human beings and the diseases that can destroy them. However, in the past few decades, the nature of the enemy has changed dramatically.人类与摧毁他们的疾病之间的战斗看来将永无休止的进行下去。

然而，在过去的几十年里，自然界的敌人已经发生了戏剧性的改变。

In countries where modern medical facilities are available, infectious diseases that were once widespread killers can now be prevented or diagnosed early and cured.在一些现代医疗设施齐备的国家，过去一度是大规模的杀手的传染性疾病现在已经可以被预防或者被很早地诊断出来并治愈。

Thanks to vaccines, antibiotics, and improved sanitation, most of the dreaded epidemics of the past are not likely to recur.多亏了疫苗，抗生素，还有公共卫生条件的改善，过去绝大部分令人可怕的传染病已经不大可能会卷土重来了。

Today's major killers are noninfectious diseases-especially the various forms of cardiovascular disease and cancer. As life expectancy increases, people are more likely to succumb to degenerative conditions that the aging body is susceptible to.今天人类主要的杀手是那些没有传染性的疾病---------尤其是指各种各样类型的的心血管疾病和癌症。

生物及医学专业课程 biology and medical science应用生物学 applied biology医学技术 medical technology细胞生物学 cell biology医学 medicine生物学 biology护理麻醉学 nurse anesthesia进化生物学 evolutionary biology口腔外科学 oral surgery海洋生物学 marine biology口腔/牙科科学 oral/dental sciences微生物学 microbiology骨科医学 osteopathic medicine分子生物学 molecular biology耳科学 otology医学微生物学 medical microbiology理疗学 physical therapy口腔生物学 oral biology足病医学 podiatric medicine寄生物学 parasutology眼科学 ophthalmology植物生物学 plant physiology预防医学 preventive medicine心理生物学 psychobiology放射学 radiology放射生物学 radiation biology康复咨询学 rehabilitation counseling理论生物学 theoretical biology康复护理学 rehabilitation nursing野生生物学 wildlife biology外科护理学 surgical nursing环境生物学 environmental biology治疗学 therapeutics运动生物学 exercise physiology畸形学 teratology有机体生物学 organismal biology兽医学 veterinary sciences生物统计学 biometrics牙科卫生学 dental sciences生物物理学 biophysics牙科科学 dentistry生物心理学 biopsychology皮肤学 dermatology生物统计学 biostatistics内分泌学 endocrinology生物工艺学 biotechnology遗传学 genetics生物化学 biological chemistry解剖学 anatomy生物工程学 biological engineering麻醉学 anesthesia生物数学 biomathematics临床科学 clinical science生物医学科学 biomedical science临床心理学 clinical psychology细胞生物学和分子生物学 celluar and molecular biology精神病护理学 psychiatric nursingc语言与生物医学信息处理 c language & biomedical information processing现代生物概率 probability of modern biology激光生物医学 laser biomedicine生物医学光子学 biomedical photonics生物技术 biotechnology生物技术专题 currents issues in biotechnology生物技术实验 biotechnology experiment遗传工程 genetics engineering生物学基础 basic of biology生物化学技术 measurement for biochemistry生物合成实验 biotechnology compose experiment生物化学检测与控制 biochemical examining & controling生物化学课程设计 biochemistry course design生物检测课程设计course design of measurement for biotechnique低温生物冻干技术 biological cryo freezing drying technology 普通生物学 general biology生物工程产品 bio-engineering products生物工程导论 introduction to bio-engineering生物化学 biochemistry生物化学工程 biochemical engineering生物化学及实验 biochemistry experiment生物检测技术 measurement for biotechnique生物控制论 biocybernetics生物流变学 biorheology生物物理 biophysics生物学专题 currents issues in biology生物医学超声学 biomedical supersonics细胞生物学 cell biology现代生物概论 introduction of modern biology生物合成实验 biotechnology compose experiment生物化学检测与控制 biochemical examining & controling生物化学课程设计 biochemistry course design生物检测课程设计course design of measurement for biotechnique。

“In my view,”--- their functions and actions. ”“在我看来，”托马斯杰斐逊在1814年写道，“没有比使人了解到自身的构造、部件、功能和行为更能让人愉悦了。

”Distinguished thinkers --- wholeheartedly shares.历史上有许多杰出的思想家都持有和杰斐逊一样的观点。

但有趣的是，不是每一个普通人都能接受这个理论。

Man’s attitude toward his own body—his single most precious possession —is decidedly ambivalent.人对于自身——这个他所拥有的最宝贵的财富，是持有一种矛盾的态度的。

At one and the --- complicated to understand.一方面，人们沉醉于研究自身，另一方面也因为上古的禁忌而对其充满恐惧。

也从某种程度上反映了人们觉得人体太过复杂以至于太难理解。

The possible approaches --- all-too-ailing hulk.研究人体的可行途径有许多。

对愤世嫉俗者来说，贱如黏土陋室，对于吟咏诗歌之人来说，人体贵为灵魂殿堂，对于妙手医师，人体弱如娇柔之躯。

The psychiatrist --- experience of the past.精神学家将其视为思维与人格的寄宿地，遗传学家将其视为使自身的特质永存之人，生物学家将其视为可以总结过往并改变未来的有机体。

All the specialized --- anatomy and physiology.所有与人体相关的专业的科学观点都是有用的，然而，这些观点都必须从同一个前提出发，那就是对研究人体的基本结构和功能在解剖学和生理学上的认识。

And the bedrock --- and function.我们对了解身体的基本原则就是：所有的生物都是由结构和功能基本相似的细胞构成的。

Unit 1 Medical TrainingNew Words & Expressions1.triage center [triˈɑ:ʒ] 分诊处2.triage n.治疗类选法（决定哪些人优先治疗）3.hands-on training 手把手地教，实操训练4.curriculum [kəˈrikjuləm]全部课程；履历5.gynecologist [ˌgai niˈkɔlədʒist]妇科医生6.fake adj.假的；冒充的n.骗子；冒牌货，赝品；冒充，诈骗v.伪造，篡改；假装7.bruise [bru:z]n.伤痕；青肿；擦伤；感情受到伤害v.使挫伤；碰伤，擦伤8.residency [ˈrezidənsi] n.住所，住院医生实习期9.neurosurgeon [ˌnjʊərəʊˈsɜ:d ʒən] 神经外科医生10.cadaver [kəˈdævə] 尸体11.orthopedic [ɔ: θəʊˈpi:dɪk] adj.骨科的;整形手术的，矫正外科的12.endoscopic [,endə'skɔpik] adj.内镜的;内窥镜检查的13.lumbar [ˈlʌmbə]n.腰椎；腰动脉；腰神经adj.腰部的14.sacral [ˈseikrəl]adj.骶椎的;祭奠的，圣礼的15.spine 脊柱16.incision [inˈsiʒən]n.切入；切开；切口17.degenerative [diˈdʒenərətiv]退化的；变坏的18.numbness [ˈnʌmnɪs]n.麻木；感觉迟钝19.numb adj.麻木的；无动于衷的，没感情的v.使麻木，使麻痹20.vertebra [ˈvə:tibrə]脊椎；椎骨21.dissection [diˈsekʃən]n.解剖,切开，切割22.state-of-the-art 最新的，使用最先进技术的，体现最高水平的23.practice 业务; 诊所24.surgery [ˈsə:dʒəri] 外科；外科手术；诊疗所25.surgical mask 医用口罩；手术口罩26.generosity [ˌdʒenəˈrɔsiti]慷慨大方；宽宏大量27.teaching hospital 教学医院28.endoscopic surgery 内窥镜手术29.the lumbar and sacral spine 腰骶椎30.recovery process after surgery31.surgical site 手术部位；外科切口32.be leery of ['liəri]对...怀有戒心的33.disc 椎间盘34.degenerative disk disease 椎间盘退变35.disabling pain 伤残性疼痛36.take one’s toll on sth 给某人的...造成坏影响(或痛苦)37.spinal fusion['spainəl 'fju:ʒən]脊柱融合术；脊柱制动术38.midline incision ['midlain]中线切口; 正中切口39.muscle dissection 切开肌肉40.invasive [in'veisiv]扩散的；开刀的；侵入性的（需作切开手术或向体内插入仪器的）41.screw 螺钉42.plate 钢板43.the less invasive technique 微创技术e old tricks in a new way 旧法新用45.be stuck in the same rut 一成不变46.feel like oneself 觉得身体情况正常47.medication [ˌmedi'keiʃən]药物；用药物治疗48.domestic violence 家庭暴力49.elder abuse 虐待老人50.bio-terrorism ['baiəu 'terərizəm]生物恐怖51.generosity [ˌdʒenəˈrɔsiti]慷慨大方；宽宏大量52.gestational[dʒe'steiʃənəl]妊娠期的53.diabetes [ˌdaiə'bi:ti:z] 糖尿病54.anatomy[ə'nætəmi] 解剖;解剖学55.anthrax ['ænθræks]炭疽56.smallpox ['smɔ:lpɔks]天花57.an array of [ə'reɪ]一批；大量58.pose as (sb.)假扮；冒充59.one-on-one 一对一；面对面60.inclusive of 包括，连…在内61.birthing center 妇产科分娩中心62.expectant[ik'spektənt] 怀孕的；待产的63.engage sb. as 使某人以……身份加入64.chemical reaction 化学反应65.neural pathway 神经通路66.inpatient n.住院病人；adj.夜间看病的67.pharmaceutical [ˌfɑ：məˈsu：tɪkl ] adj.配药的，制药的n.药物68.practitioner n.从业人员，执业医师69.scornfully ['skɔ:nfəlɪ] adv.轻蔑地，鄙视地70.physician n.医生，内科医生；医治者，抚慰者71.specialty n.专业，专长72.supervision 监督；管理73.perform one’s medical duties行使医务职责74.intervene 药物；用药物治疗75.accreditation 鉴定合格；认可76.The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education 美国医学研究生教育认证委员会Unit 2 Medical ProfessionNew Words & Expressions1.transition [træn’siʒən]n.转变；变化；过渡2.simulation [,simju’leiʃən] n.模拟；假装,装病；[生]拟色，拟态3.mannequin [’mænikin] 人体模型；服装模特儿4.coordinator [kəu’ɔ:dinit] 协调人5.scary [‘skεəri] 可怕的；吓人的；使人惊慌的；胆小的6.fumble vi.乱摸，摸索；笨手笨脚地做vt.弄乱；笨拙地做n.摸索；失球，漏接球7.fumble one's way [’fʌmbl] 摸索8.assessment [ə’sesmənt] 评定；评价9.certification [,sə:tifi’keiʃən] 证明；鉴定10.designation [,deziɡ’neiʃən]任命；选派11.administer [əd’ministə] 给予；供给；给药；管理，执行12.acute [ə’kju:t] 急性的；剧烈的；尖的，锐的；敏锐的13.anesthetic [,ænis’θetik]n.麻醉药；麻醉的adj.感觉缺失的；麻木的，麻醉的14.vital signs [’vaitəl] 生命体征15.vital adj.维持生命必须的；至关重要的，生死攸关的16.intensive care unit = ICU [in’tensiv]加护病房17.pertain to [pə:’tein]属于, 关于, 适合18.clinic nurse 临床护士19.Patient Care Services 病患护理机构20.RN = Registered Nurse注册护士21.magnet hospital [’mæɡnit]磁性医院22.the American Nurses Association Credentialing Center[kri’denʃəl]美国护士协会认证中心23.certify 正式证明（某人，某物）具有某种资格（或达到某标准）24.shortfall 差额；不足之量25.vital organ 生命器官26.pain relief 止痛剂27.expertise [,ekspə'ti:z]专门技能；专门知识28.physiology [,fizi'ɔlədʒi] 生理学29.pharmacology [,fɑ:mə'kɔlədʒi] 药理学30.one’s hospital stay住院31.cardiovascular [,kɑ:diəu'væskjulə]心血管32.acute phase 急性期33.anesthesia[,ænis’θi:ʒə]麻木；麻醉(法)34.anesthetist [ə’nesθitist]麻醉师35.anesthesiology[,ænisθizi’ɔlədʒi]麻醉学36.anesthesiologist[,ænəs,θi:zi’ɔlədʒist] 麻醉师37.allergy [,ælədʒi] 过敏(症)38.critically ill 病危39.fly by the seat of their pants act without careful thought瞎撞；凭直觉40.mortality [mɔː’tælɪtɪ] 死亡(率)41.bloodstream [’blʌdstri:m]血流；体内循环的血液42.general anesthetic(s)全身麻醉(药)43.render使成为；使得44.recovery room 手术后的特别病房；恢复室45.forensic science [fɔ’rensik]法医(学)46.toxicology [,tɔksi’kɔlədʒi] 毒物学；毒理学47.bodily fluids 体液48.tissue [ˈtɪʃu:]组织49.chromatography [,krəumə’tɔɡrəfi] 层析法；色谱法；色层分析；色层分析50.gas chromatography 气相色谱法51.spectrometry [spek’trɔmitri] 光谱学；光谱测定法；光谱测量52.mass spectrometry 质谱法53.mass 质量；大堆；大团54.radiology [,reidi’ɔlədʒi] 放射学；放射医疗55.molecules [’ mɔlikjul] 分子56.tomography [tə’mɔɡrəfi]体层摄影（利用X射线和超声波清楚显示体内结构）;断层摄影；断层摄影术；断层扫描；57.CT= Computed Tomography 计算机断层扫描58.magnetic resonance imaging = MRI [mæɡ’netik] [‘rezənəns](核)磁共振成像59.radiologist [,reidi’ɔlədʒist] 放射科医生60.remains[rɪˈmeɪnz]遗骨；遗体；残骸；残余61.beyond recognition 面目全非的62.symptom [ˈsɪmptəm]症状；征兆63.practitioner [præk’tiʃənə] (艺术、学科或职业尤指医药)开业者Unit 3 The Internet and Health ServiceNew Words & Expressions1.be of the essence 极其重要的；必不可少的2.log in 登入电脑工作系统3.relay ['riːleɪ] 传达；转运；转接服务4.referral [ri'fə:rəl 转诊；转诊病人5.confidential [,kɔnfi'denʃəl] 秘密的；机密的6.refill 再配药；再填；再补充；再配方7.workload 工作量8.ritual ['ritʃuəl] 例行公事；老规矩9.insulin ['insjulin]胰岛素10.primary care 初级保健11.caution 警告；告诫12.reams of [riːm]大量的13.juvenile ['dʒu:vinail] 青少年的；年少的14.misinterpret [,misin'tərprət] 曲解；误释；误译15.mind-boggling 大得惊人的；难以想象的16.get a hold of 找到17.put on hold 搁置、延期18.flight nurse 飞行护士19.at a moment’s notice随叫随到20.take a back seat 退居其次21.hectic schedule ['hektik] 忙乱行程表；紧张的日程22.on a regular basis 经常23.log on 注册；登录；登入24.relay health system 医疗转接服务系统25.messaging (计算机)信息手法、电邮的发送和处理26.billing department 计费处；财务部门27.fill a prescription 按配方抓药28.revolutionize [,revə'lju:ʃənaiz]改革，彻底变革29.a handful of 一把；一小撮；少数30.on –line access to 网上接触…31.renew [ri'nju:] 更换32.insulin pump ['insjulin]胰岛素泵33.be selective about [si'lektiv] 精心挑选34.fresh off 刚从ser printer ['leɪzə]激光打印机36.Juvenile diabetes [,daɪə'biːtiːz]青少年糖尿病37.URL =uniform resource locator 统一资源定位器38.put together 创建；编辑；拼拢；装配；加在一起39.miracle cure 特效疗法40.healthcare professional 医护专业人员41.in the position of 有办法；处在……位置上42.There is no better way to … than to…没有比……更好的……办法了e down to 归根结底44.substitute for ['sʌbstitju:t] 取代45.e-prescribing 电子处方46.electronic health record 电子健康记录；电子病例47.illegible [i'ledʒəbl] 字迹模糊的，难以辨认的48.no laughing matter 不是闹着玩的事；不是好笑的事；不是玩笑事49.pay off 取得成功50.leading edge (尤指技术发展)尖端，前沿51.an automated data entry system 自动数据输入系统52.facet ['fæsit] 方面；特征53.electronic medical record 电子病历；电子医疗记录54.drug interaction 药物相互作用55.allergic reaction 过敏反应56.paperless medical system 无纸化医疗系统57.credit 赞扬58.legibility [,ledʒə'biliti] 字迹清楚，易读59.systemic infection [si'stemik] 全身性感染60.intensive care 重病特别护理61.shoot up 上升；暴涨；飙升62.tweak[twi:k] 稍加改进63.regimen ['redʒimen] (为病人规定的)生活规则；养生法64.hypertension [,haipə'tenʃən] 高血压；血压过高65.a complicated medical history 复杂病史Unit 4 Meeting the Health Needs of the CommunityNew Words & Expressions1.Muslim [ˈmʌzləm] 穆斯林2.disquietude [dis'kwaiətju:d] 不安;忧虑3.mosque [mɔsk]清真寺4.kick off 开始(某种活动)5.jeopardy ['dʒepədi]危险6.emergency room 急诊室7.encompass [in'kʌmpəs] 包含；包围8.billing 结账；收款9.swelling 肿胀；增大；肿瘤；隆起10.facilitate [fə'siliteit] 促进；帮助；使容易11.advocate ['ædvəkeit]拥护者；提倡者12.wheeze [wiːz]气喘；喘息；呼哧呼哧地响13.SHIFA Clinic 希法诊所14.medical care system 医疗保健制度15.health insurance 健康保险16.free clinic 免费诊所17.taboo [tə'buː]禁忌18.sensitivity [,sensi'tiviti] 敏感性；过敏19.intake 摄入量；吸入量20.medical history 病历；病史21.preliminary[priˈliminəri]准备；初步措施；初步的；预备的22.physical exam 体检23.staff physician 在职医生；正式医生24.grand opening 正式开业；开幕开幕；开张25.fateful 重大的；决定性的；毁灭性的26.uncertainty [ʌn'səːtnti]犹豫；不确定性；不肯定27.unfounded 无事实根据的；未确定的28.outpour 流露; 倾泻29.outpouring 倾泻；喷涌；流露；源源不断的30.tremendous [tri'mendəs]极大的；可怕的；惊人的；极好的tino [lə'ti:nəu]拉丁美洲人32.E-R 急诊33.integral ['intiɡrəl]必不可少的；完整的34.BP 血压35.patient load 病人数量；病人护理工作量36.career 职业性质的37.regular schedules 固定(上班)时间38.a phone call away 只需要打个电话；随叫随到39.Medical Interpreting Services 医疗口译服务站40.prescription [pris'kripʃən]处方41.workload 工作量42.sign language 手语43.video interpreting 视频口译44.I-V Pole 点滴架45.family practice 家庭医疗；社区医疗；大众医疗46.pediatric [,pi:dɪ'ætrɪk] 小儿科的47.pediatrics 儿科学48.embrace [ɪm'breɪs] 拥抱；欣然接受49.impartial 公正的；不偏不倚的50.healthcare provider 医护人员；医疗服务提供者51.asthma ['æsmə] 哮喘，气喘52.asthma attack 哮喘发作53.telemedicine 远程医疗；遥控医学54.medical care cost 医药费55.radiation [,reidi'eiʃən] 放射疗法56.private insurance 私人保险；个人医疗保险57.humanitarian [hju(:)ˌmæniˈtɛəriən] 人道主义的58.the Salvation Army [sæl'veɪʃ(ə)n]救世军59.Medicaid ['medi,keid] 医疗补助制度（美国政府向贫困者提供的医疗保险）60.The State Children’s Health Insurance Program 美国国家儿童健康保险计划61.prescription medicine 处方药62.Medicare[ˈmediˌkɛə]保障制度，老年保健医疗制度（美国政府向65岁以上的人提供的医疗保险）63.the Great Society 伟大社会64.health account 医疗账户65.medical message system 医疗信息系统66.online consultation [,kɔnsəl’teiʃən] 网上(医疗)咨询67.literate[’litərit] 有读写能力的puter-literate 懂电脑的69.medical institution [,insti’tju:ʃən] 医疗机构70.postoperative care [pəust’ɔpərətiv] 术后护理71.office visit 去诊所看医生72.doctor’s waiting room 候诊室73.Medicare system 医保制度74.the authority concerned 有关当局75.daily hospital visits 医院日就诊人次76.realm [relm] 领域；王国77.to one’s credit 值得赞扬Unit 5 Pregnancy & Baby CareNew Words & Expressions1.fertility [fə'tiliti] 生育力；繁殖力2.notion ['nəuʃən] 想法；看法；观点；观念3.archaic [ɑ:'keiik]陈旧的；过时的4.therapist ['θerəpɪst]治疗师5.maternal [mə'tə:nl]母亲的；母性的6.bank on 依赖；指望；依靠7.reproductive [,ri:prə'dʌktiv] 生殖的; 繁殖的8.incredulously [in'kredjuləsli]怀疑地；不相信地9.crusade [kru:'seid]改革运动；努力奋斗10.fetus ['fi:təs] 胎儿11.ovulate ['əuvjuleit]排卵12.ovulation [,əuvju'leiʃən] 排卵；产卵作用13.puberty ['pjuːbətɪ]青春期；青春；妙龄14.anemia/anaemia [ə’ni:miə]贫血15.bawl [bɔ:l] 喊叫；咆哮；嚎啕大哭16.hemoglobin/ haemoglobin [,hi:məu'ɡləubin] 血红蛋白17.recurrent [ri'kə:rənt] 周期性发作的；循环的18.diarrhea [,daiə'riə]腹泻；痢疾19.cross-section ['krɔs,sekʃən] 剖面；典型20.ethnicity [eθ'nisəti]种族划分；种族特点21.mandate ['mændeit] 命令；指令22.mommy-to-be 准妈妈23.school counseling ['kaunsəliŋ]学校心理咨询24.sensitive fertility zone 生育年龄警戒线25.childbearing ['tʃaild,bεəriŋ]分娩；生子26.biological clock [,baiəu'lɔdʒikəl] 生物钟27.massage [mə’sɑ:ʒ] 按摩28.massage therapist 按摩师；按摩理疗师29.established [i'stæbliʃt] 知名的；稳定的30.maternal instinct ['instiŋkt]母性本能31.kick in 开始32.throw in 考虑到；免费外加33.fertility treatment 生育治疗；不孕症治疗34.reproductive system 生殖系统；繁殖方式35.pregnant ['preɡnənt] 怀孕的36.pregnancy ['preɡnənsi] 怀孕，妊娠；怀孕期；妊娠期37.next-door neighbor 隔壁邻居38.endocrinologist [,endəukri'nɔlədʒist] 内分泌学家39.reproductive endocrinologist 生殖内分泌专家40.raise awareness about 提高意识; 提高自觉性41.egg 卵子42.uterus ['ju:tərəs]子宫43.utero ['juːtə,rəʊ] 子宫44.reproductive life span 育龄期；生育年限45.drop off 下降46.dirt bike 越野轻骑摩托47.premature [,premə'tjuə] 早产的；过早的48.premature pregnancy 过早怀孕；早孕；青少年妊娠49.birth control 避孕；节育50.overestimate [,əuvər'estimeit]过高估计51.breast-feed [‘brestfi:d] 母乳喂养52.The American Academy of Pediatrics 美国儿科学会53.exclusively [ik'sklu:sivli]唯一地；专有地；排外地54.The World Health Organization 世界卫生组织55.nutrition [nju:'triʃən]营养；吸收营养56.nutritional [nju:’triʃənəl] 营养的；滋养的57.deficiency [di'fiʃənsi] 缺乏; 不足58.nutritional deficiency 营养不良；营养缺乏症59.plea [pliː]恳求；抗辩；托辞60. a world of 大量，无数，许多61.dose responsive [dəus][ri'spɔnsiv] 剂量反应的62.diminishing return [di’miniʃiŋ] 回报递减；报酬减少63.pediatrician [,pi:diə'triʃən]儿科医生64.hypothesis [hai'pɔθisis]假设；假说65.respiratory[‘respərətɔːri] 呼吸的66.gastrointestinal [,ɡæstrəuin'testinəl] 肠胃的67.conclusive [kən'klu:siv] 确凿的；决定性的；最终的68.pneumonia[nju:'məunjə]肺炎69.multiple ['mʌltipl]多重的；多次的70.ear infection [in'fekʃən]耳部感染71.breast milk 母乳72.formula ['fɔ:mjulə] (婴儿食物等的)配方；婴儿食物73.smoke exposure [ik'spəuʒə] 接触烟雾；被动吸烟74.variable ['vεəriəbl] 可变因素；变量；易变的75.overwhelmingly [,əuvə'hwelmiŋli]压倒性地；势不可挡地76.recurrent colds 反复感冒；周期性感冒77.valid 有根据的；有效的78.underestimate 低估；看轻79.cumulative [’kjuːmjulətiv]累积的80.cumulative effect 累积效应；蓄积作用81.solid food 固体食物；干粮82.hold off 拖延；不接近83.formula-fed baby 配方奶喂养的婴儿84.breast-fed baby 母乳喂养的婴儿85.iron-rich solids [’aiən] 富铁固体食物；富含铁的非流质食物86.iron-fortified cereal [’siəriəl]铁强化谷类食品87.supplemental iron drop [,sʌplə'mentəl] 附加铁滴剂88.outweigh [,aut'wei] (在重要性或意义上) 超过89.preventable [pri'ventəbl] 可预防的90.full/exclusive breast-feeding 纯母乳喂养91.minimal breast feeding 微量母乳喂养92.pump breast milk 挤母奶93.cold treatment 冷处理；冷疗法94.oxygen loss [’ɔksidʒən]氧损失；失氧95.the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development 国家儿童保健和人类发育研究所96.oxygen-deprived 缺氧的；无氧的；氧气稀薄的97.oxygen deprivation [,depri'veiʃən]缺氧；失氧98.Fahrenheit ['færənhait] 华氏度；华氏度的99.neonatal [,ni:əu'neitəl] 新生的；新生儿的100.Neonatal Research Network 新生儿调查网络101.body temperature 体温102.circulate ['sə:kjuleit]循环；流通103.regulate ['reɡjuleit]管理；控制；调整104.standard care 标准治疗105.cooling treatment 冷却疗法106.carefully-controlled conditions 严格控制条件107.exercise extreme caution 万分小心108.ongoing ['ɔn,ɡəuiŋ]进行中的; 继续存在的109.hypothermia [,haipəu'θə:miə] 体温过低；降体温110.the New England Journal of Medicine 新英格兰医学杂志111.Copenhagen University Hospital [,kəupən'heiɡən] 哥本哈根大学国立医院112.The Journal of the American Medical Association 美国医学协会杂志113.consideration 考虑因素114.fatty acid [’æsid] 脂肪酸115.nutrient ['nju:triənt] 营养物Unit 6 ProfessionalismNew Words & Expressions1.sinus ['saɪnəs] 窦；瘘2.otolaryngologist [,əʊtəʊlærɪŋ'gɒlədʒist] 耳鼻喉科医师3.tonsil ['tɒns(ə)l] 扁桃体rynx ['lærɪŋks] 喉5.skull-base 颅底6.preeminent [prɪ'emɪnənt] 卓越的；杰出的7.cranial ['kreɪniəl] 颅的；颅侧的8.dura ['djʊərə]硬(脑脊)膜plication [,kɒmplɪ'keɪʃ(ə)n] 并发症10.tracheal ['treɪkɪəl] 气管的11.excision [ɪk'sɪʒn]切除12.in conjunction with 与……共同；与……协力13.cavity ['kævəti]腔；穴；窝；盂14.dietitian [,daɪə'tɪʃ(ə)n] 膳食学家；营养学家15.resume ['rezu,meɪ] 简历16.tornado [tɔː(r)'neɪdəʊ]大旋风；龙卷风17.articulation [ɑː(r).tɪkjʊ'leɪʃ(ə)n] 发音；发音的方法18.wrap up 完成；结束；包起来19.brunt [brʌnt] 冲击；撞击20.sit on 担任(委员)21.academic surgeon 学术型的外科医师；学术型的外科医生22.skeleton ['skelɪt(ə)n] 骨架；骨骼23.hectic 忙碌的；狂热的【医】潮红24.ENT = Ear Nose and Throat 耳鼻喉25.salivary [’sælɪvəri] 唾液的；唾液的；26.saliva 唾液27.salivary gland 唾腺28.microscopy 显微术；显微镜检查;29.high power microscopy 高倍显微镜检查30.advanced tumor 晚期肿瘤31.neurosurgeon [,njʊərəʊ'sɜːdʒən] 神经外科医生32.single-handedly 单独地33.resection [rɪ'sekʃ(ə)n] 切除术34.malignant [mə'lɪɡnənt] 恶性的；恶意的35.malignant tumor 恶性肿瘤36.radiation therapy 放射疗法37.expire [ɪk'spaɪə(r)] 到期；届满；逝世38.rigorous ['rɪɡərəs]谨慎的；细致的；彻底的39.aspire to do 渴望（成就）；有志（成为）40.rejuvenate [rɪ'dʒuːvəneɪt] 使年轻；使更有活力；返老还童41.uplifting [ʌp'lɪftɪŋ] 令人振奋的；鼓舞人心的ser excision 激光切除术43.impairment [ɪm'peə(r)mənt]障碍；某种缺陷；损伤44.clinical nurse specialist 临床护理专家；临床专科护理师45.life-altering 改变生活的；改变人生的46.in an instant 立刻；马上47.every step of the way 一路相伴48.oral cavity cancer 口腔癌49.tracheal device 气管50.stomach tube 胃管51.on call 随叫随到；随时待命；值班52.tube feeding 管喂养；胃管喂食53.prayer list 祷告簿；祈祷名单；代祷事项54.diabetic 糖尿病患者；糖尿病的55.bedside manner 医生对病人的举止、态度56.tops 最高的；很好的；极棒的57.make rounds 查房，巡视58.whip 抽打；鞭打59.speech therapist 语言矫正专家；语言治疗师60.wrap up 完成；结束；包裹；总结61.the brunt of sth. 首当其冲；……的冲击62.the Common Sense Book of Baby and Child care 《婴儿及儿童护理常识》63.Christian Bible 《圣经》64.pediatrician [,piːdɪər'triʃ(ə)n] 儿科医生65.plot 阴谋；密谋66.day care centre 托儿所Unit 7 Medication Safety New Words & Expressions1.herbal ['hə:bəl]草药的；草本的2.supplement ['sʌplimənt]补充3.efficacy['efikəsi] 功效，效力4.batch [bætʃ] 一批；一炉；一次所制之量5.immunologist [imju'nɔlədʒist] 免疫学家6.expiration[,ekspi'reiʃən] 终止；截止；满期7.medicinal[me'disinəl] 药用的；治病的8.rip off 偷窃；扯掉；欺诈9.interaction [,intər'ækʃən]相互影响；干扰10.medication [,medi'keiʃən]药物；药剂；药物治疗11.devastating ['devəsteitiŋ]破坏性的12.contraceptive [,kɔntrə'septiv]避孕的；避孕药；避孕用品13.post-menopausal [,menəu'pɔ:zəl]绝经后的；更年期后的14.pharmacologic [ˌfɑ:məkəˈlɔdʒɪk]药理的；药物学的15.anesthetic [,ænis'θetik]麻醉药16.anesthesia [,ænis'θi:ziə]麻醉17.in conjunction with[kən'dʒʌŋkʃən]与……共同18.ingredient [in'ɡri:diənt] 成分；要素19.lotion ['ləuʃən] 洗液；洗剂20.ointment ['ɔintmənt] 软膏；药膏21.thermometer [θə'mɔmitə]温度计；体温表22.bandage ['bændidʒ] 绷带；包带23.syrup ['sirəp]糖浆24.peroxide [pə'rɔksaid] 过氧化物；漂白；消毒剂25.antacid [,ænt'æsid]解酸剂；抗酸剂26.permeate ['pə:mieit] 渗入；渗透27.medicine cabinet ['kæbinət]医药箱；药柜28.minor ['mainə] 不严重的；无生命危险的29.FYI (=For Your Information) 供参考30.a jumble of 杂乱的一堆31.throw in 添上；额外奉送32.beauty product 美容化妆品33.restock [,ri:'stɔk] 补充；重新进货34.pharmacist ['fɑ:məsist]药剂师35.overhaul [,əuvə'hɔ:l]全面检修；彻底改变36.moisture ['mɔistʃə]潮气；水分37.decompose [,di:kəm'pəuz] 分解；腐烂38.opt for 选择39.lock up 藏好；锁住40.countdown ['kaunt,daun]倒计时41.sun screen 防晒霜；防晒油42.sun protection factor(SPF) 防日晒指数43.floss ['flɔs]牙线；用牙线洁牙44.must-have 必备品45.teething gel [dʒel]婴儿出牙止痛凝胶46.soothe [su:ð]缓和(疼痛或不适)47.gums ['ɡʌmz] 牙龈48.sore gums 牙龈肿痛49.rectal ['rektəl]直肠的50.rectal thermometer 直肠温度计；肛门体温计51.Band-Aid ['bændeid] 创口贴52.hydrogen ['haidrədʒən]氢53.hydrogen peroxide 过氧化氢；双氧水i.（注：医用双氧水可杀灭肠道致病菌、化脓性球菌，一般用于物体表面消毒。

Chapter 1Human Body as a WholeMedical TerminologyLearn the following combining forms, prefixes and suffixesand write the meaning of the medical term in the space provided.1. a hormone secreted from the adrenal gland2. inflammation of the adrenal gland3. pertaining to medicine4. pertaining to biology5. pertaining to chemistry6. pertaining to the blood vessel7. pertaining to cells8. pertaining to molecules9. pertaining to the medicine of the living thing10. the study of the living thing11. pertaining to the physics of the living thing12. the study of the heart13. the disease of the heart14. the record of the heart waves15. the study of the human inner secretion from glands16. pertaining to the production of hormone17. the study of inner gland secretion18. the red blood cell19. the white blood cell20. the lymph cell21. the study of cell22. the study of chemistry of cell23. the study of biology of cell25. the tumor of the embryo26. the study of the disease of the embryo27. the study of the human inner secretion from glands28. pertaining to the inside of the heart29. pertaining to the inside of the cell30. above the skin31. above the skin32. inflammation of the skin33. red blood cells34. instrument of measuring red blood cells35. to breathe out the waste gas36. to drive somebody or something out37. to spread outside38. sth that produces diseases39. the study of blood40. blood cells41. the study of tissues42. the study of tissue pathology43. therapy treatment, hence tissue treatment44. pertaining to the base45. pertaining to the toxin46. pertaining to symptoms47. the study of body’s auto protection from diseases48. protected from49. deficiency in the immune system of the body50. substance from the adrenal gland51. water from it52. the study of societies53. the study of urinary system55. lymph cells56. tumor of the lymphatic system57. the study of the lymphatic system58. the study of physical growth59. a doctor of internal medicine60. treatment by physiological methods61. the new growth ,tumor62. the study of mind63. abnormal condition of the mind64. the study of the relationship between psychology and biology65. a condition of over activity of the thyroid gland66. the condition of under activity of the thyroid gland67. the inflammation of the thyroid gland68.cutting apart the human body as a branch of medical sciences69. cut open the bone70.to cut the heart open71. pertaining to the blood vessel72. inflammation of the blood vessel73. pertaining to the lymphatic system and the blood vesselKey to the Exercises B.1.（embryo）embryology2.(process/condition) mechanism3.(heart) cardiovascular4.(color) chromatin5.(secretion) endocrinology6.(cell) cytology7.(sth. that produces or is produced) pathogen8.(lymph) lymphatic9.(the study of) psychology10.(pertaining to) regularLanguage Points:put together组成known as 叫做joints between bones关节to provide points of attachment for the muscles that move the body牵动骨骼肌引起各种运动hip joint髋关节flexible有韧性的cushioning缓冲replaced by bone 骨化one bone moves in relation to the other两骨彼此靠近产生运动contents物质nourishment营养物质function发挥功能waste products废物accumulate积聚poison the body危害生命distributes运送needed materials有用的物质unneeded ones废物is made up of包括protect…against foreign invaders防止外来侵袭（See! Power Point）identical对等的receives吸收traveled through流经forced out压送reenter流入directly直接地channels 管道filters过滤larynx喉管trachea气管two lungs左右肺very large number of 大量的air spaces肺泡release释放出extending 延伸到broken down分解absorbed into吸收进chewing咀嚼esophagus食管Key to the Section B Passage 1 Exercises B.1. (The skeletal system consists of bones, joints and soft bones.)2. (Heart is generated when muscles are contracted, which helps keep the bodytemperature constant.)3. (The circulation of blood carries useful materials to all body cells while removing wasteones.)4. (Oxygen is inhaled and carbon dioxide is exhaled in the process of respiration.)5. (The digestion of food involves both mechanical and chemical procedures.)6. (The urinary system keeps normal levels of water and of certain chemicals in the body.)7. (The pituitary is a major gland located under the brain in the middle of the head.)8. (The brain collects and processes information and then sends instructions to all parts ofthe body to be carried out.)9. (The main function of the male reproductive system is to generate, transport and keepactive male sex cells.)10. (The largest of the body’s organs, the skin protects the inner structure of the body with acomplete layer.)Key to the Section A Passage 1 Exercises E.1.cardiovascular diseases2. function of the pituitary3. the urinary tract4. molecules5. artery6. endocrinology7. dyspnea / difficulty in respiration 8. saliva9. histology 10. blood circulation11. hematology 12. physiology13. anatomy 14. the female reproductive15. nervous cells 16. immunology17. indigestion / poor in digestion 18. voluntary muscle19. embryology 20. psychologySection B, Passage 2 Cells and TissuesLanguage PointsOrganized组（构）成arranged in to构成in turn are grouped into又进一步组成serves its specific有特定的bear in mind记住result from源于billions亿万determind确立fit on合在一起by contrast相比之下machinary机构while normally在正常情况下function with great efficiency高效地发挥作用are subject to易于发生result in导致millionth百万分之一equal等于average一般 a speck barely visible基本上看不见的一个小点The science that deals with cells on the smalleststructural and functional level is called molecular biology.从最小的结构及功能水平研究细胞的科学叫分子生物学。

医学英语词汇表(精选)Aalimentary /æli'menteri／a．营养的；消化器官的alkaline／'ælkəlain／a．碱性的n．碱性，碱度allergic / ə'lə:dʒik / a．过敏的alleviate／e'li:vieit／v．减轻(痛苦)，缓和alveolus／æl'vi:ələs／n．小窝，牙槽；肺泡ambulant／æmbjulənt / a．走动的；适宜于下床活动的ameliorate／ə'mi:ljəreit／v．改善，改良，转好ammonia／'æmaunia／n．氨anatomy／ə'nætəmi／n．解剖学amputate／'æmpjuteit／V．切断，截(肢)anemia／e'ni:mia／n．贫血症anesthesia／ænis'θi:ziə／n．感觉缺失；麻醉anesthetic／ænəs'θetik／a．麻木的n．麻醉剂anhydrous／æn'haidrəs／a．脱水的，无水的ankle／'ænkel／n．踝anorexia / ænə'reksiə／n．食欲缺失；厌食anoxia / æ'nɔksiə／n．缺氧(症)antacid ／ænt'æsid／n．解酸药，抗酸剂antibiotics / æntibai'ɔtiks／n．抗生素antibody／'ænti.bɔdi／n．抗体antifebrile／,ænti'fi:brail/ a．退热的n．退热药antigen／'æntidʒən／n．抗原antiseptic／ænti'septik／a．防腐的，抗菌的n．防腐剂；抗菌剂Antitoxin / ænti'tɔksin／n．抗毒素antiviral／ænti:'vaiərəl／a．抗病毒的antivirus／ænti:'vaiərəs／n．抗病毒素apparatus /.æpə'reitəs／n．器械，仪器，装置appendicitis／ə.pendi'saitis／n．阑尾炎appendix／ə.pendi'saitis／n．附录；阑尾appetite／'æpitait／n．食欲，胃口，要求，欲望appliance／a'plaians／n．器具；用具；器械arrhythmia [ə'riθmiə] n．心率不齐；心率失常artery／'ɑ:tər i／n．动脉，干线arthritis [ɑ:'θraitis]n关节炎articular／a:'tikjulə / a．关节的aseptic／aseptic／a．无菌的；防腐的；冷漠的asphyxia／æs'fiksiə／n．窒息aspirate／'æspəreit／v．吸出；抽出aspirin／'æspərin／n．阿司匹林assay／e'sei／n．测定，鉴定；化验v．化验，分析；尝试’assimilate／ə'simileit／v．吸收；同化asthma／'æsma／n．气喘，哮喘asymmetric(a1)／eisi'metrik(kl)／a．不对称的；不匀称的；偏位的atrium／'eitriəm／n．心房中庭天井atropine l'ætrɔpi:n／n．阿托品attenuate／ə'tenjueit／vt．使变稀薄，稀释atypical／ei'tipikəl／a．非典型的；不规则的，不匀称的；不正常的audiometer／ɔ:di'ɔmitə／n．听度计，听力计augment／ɔ:g'ment,'ɔ:gmənt／V．扩大；增长aural／'ɔ:rəl／a．听觉器官的；耳的auscultate /'ɔ:skəlteit/ v．听诊auspice／'ɔ:spis／n．预兆，先(前)兆；吉兆autoclave／ɔ:taukleiv／n．高压消毒锅autopsy／'ɔ:tɑ:psi／n．尸体解剖，尸检axilla／æk'silə／n．腋(窝)Bbacillus／bə'siləs／n．芽孢杆菌backache／'bækeik／n．背痛bacterial／bæk'tiriəl／a．细菌的bactericidal／bæk.tiəri'saidl／a．杀菌的bacteriology／bæk.tiəriə'ɔlədʒi／n．细菌学的bacterium／bæk'tiəriəm／n．细菌bandage /'bændidʒ／n．绷带barbiturate／bɑ:'bi'tjureit／n．巴比妥盐BCG ( bacillus calmette-guerin ) 卡介苗bellyache／'belieik／n．腹痛beriberi／'beri'beri／n．脚气病bicarbonate／bai'kɑ:bəni t／n．碳酸氢盐bilateral／bai'lætərəl／a．两边的，双侧的bile／bail／n．胆汁biliary／'biliəri／a．胆汁的bioactive /bai'æktiv]／a．生物活性的biochemistry／'baiəu'kemistri／n。

Unit 1Readi‎n g A The Human‎compl‎e x— A Never‎–faili‎n g Sourc‎e of Wonde‎r ment‎(人类的复杂‎性——一个永远不‎会失去惊叹‎的话题)―‎In‎my‎view, ‖‎wrote‎Thoma‎s Jeffe‎r son in 1814 , ―no‎knowl‎e dge can be more satis‎f acto‎r y to a man that of his own frame‎, its parts‎, their‎funct‎i ons and actio‎n s. ‖‎Disti‎n guis‎h ed think‎e rs befor‎e and since‎Jeffe‎r son have held this belie‎f, but curio‎u sly, it is not one that the avera‎g e perso‎n whole‎h eart‎e dly share‎s.Man’s‎attit‎u de towar‎d his own body—his singl‎e mostpreci‎o us posse‎s sion‎—is decid‎e dly ambiv‎a lent‎. At one and the same time he isfasci‎n ated‎by it and fearf‎u l of it, partl‎y in echo of ancie‎n t taboo‎s, partl‎y in the convi‎c tion‎that the body is too compl‎i cate‎d to under‎s tand‎.(‎―在我看来，‖托马斯杰佛‎逊于181‎4年写道：―对人来说，没有什么知‎识会比了解‎自身的架构‎、部件、功能和作用‎更能使他满‎足。

welcome['welk2m]adj.受欢迎的v.欢迎offer['0f2]vt.&n.提供；贡献be about to...[](不久)就要，即将training['treini8]n.培训，训练，培养[同]disciplineprogram['pr2ugr9m]n.规划；(教学)大纲general['d7en2r2l]a.一般的，普遍的basic['beisik]电脑初学者通用符号指令码；a.基本的，基础的；碱的course[k0:s]n.课程；过程；疗程biology[bai'0l2d7i]n.生物（学）；n.生物学；生态学devote[di'v2ut]vt.贡献medical['medik2l]a.医学的；医疗的；医药的anatomy[2'n9t2mi]n．解剖，分析；n.解剖学，解剖；功能，结构，组织physiology[fizi'0l2d7i]n.生理学biochemistry['bai2u'k/mistri]n.生物化学term[t2:m]n.学期；期限；术语；(pl.)条件/款vt.称为internal[in't2:nl]a.内服的；内部的surgery['s2:d72ri]n.外科学，外科and so on[]等等；诸如此类clinical['klinikl]a.门诊的，临床的have to[]不得不，只好in addition[]conj.另外，加之follow-up[]a.接着的，后续的；n.紧接着的问题，后续事物advanced[2d'va:nst]a.先进的；高级的；a.超前的；开明的；年迈的besides[bi'saidz]ad.此外prep.除…之外qualified['kw0lifaid]a.合格的；胜任的 ；a.有资格的；有条件的，有限度的storey['st0:ri]n.层楼；n.楼层；层collection[k2'lek62n]n.收藏品；收集物central['sentr2l]adj.中心的；中央的；主要的laboratory[l2'b0r2tri]n.实验室，研究室(lab)[]dormitory['d0:mitri]n.集体寝室；n.宿舍，寝室altogether['0:lt2'ge52]ad.总共；全部地treat[tri:t]n.款待；v.对待；处理；治疗；招待n.请客；招待divide[di'vaid]vt.分；隔开speciality['spe6i'9liti]n.专业；特征department[di'pa:tm2nt]n.科室；系；学部traditional[tr2'di62nl]adj.传统的，惯例的affiliate[2'filieit]v.使隶属(或附属)于；v.使加入，接受为分支机构；vt.使…加入；使附于out-patient[]n.门珍病人in-patient[]n.住院病人emergency[i'm2:d72nsi]n.急诊；紧急情况 ；n.紧急情况，突然事件emergency room[]急诊室timely['taimli]a.及时的；合时的available[2'veil2bl]a.可取得的；可采用的；a.可用的；有效的round the clock[]全天二十四小时；昼夜不停地consult[k2n's3lt]vt.请教；看病；查阅consulting room[]诊室complaint[k2m'pleint]n.抱怨；怨言；控告，发牢骚；疾病ward[w0:d]n.病房 ；n.病房；选区；受监护人vt.避开surgical['s2:d7ikl]a.外科的；外科手术的，外科用的pediatric[pi:di'9trik]a.儿科的intensive care unit[]特别护理组；监护抢救小组(室) separate['sep2reit, 'sep2rit]a.单独的；分离的separate... from...[]把…分开；使…和…分离section['sek62n]n.(组织)部分X-ray[]n.Ｘ射线，Ｘ光；n.X射线，X光(线)；X光照片pharmacy['fa:m2si]n.药房；药学sterilize['sterilaiz]vt.消毒；使…断种instrument['instrum2nt]n.器械；仪器store[st0:]vt.储藏；n.商店，店铺；备用品vt./n.贮藏，贮存in store for[]贮藏以备…bank[b98k]n.库；银行；河岸blood bank[]血库transfusion[tr9ns'fju:7n]n.输血；注入staff[sta:f]n.全体人员；n.(全体)工作人员；(全体)职员medicalstaff[]医务人员make up[]v.组成；决定；配制be made up of...[]由…组成operator['0p2reit2]n.话务员；技术员operate['0p2reit]vi.&vt.运转；开动operate on[]对…施行手术；给…动手术engage[in'geid7]vi.(in)从事于，参加vt.使从事于，使忙于put... throughto...[]接通(电话)…go on[]继续下去；继续进行；发生preparation['prep2'rei62n]n.准备；制备；制剂perform[p2'f0:m]vt.执行；施行；演出appendicitis[2pendi'saitis]n.阑尾炎immediately[i'mi:dj2tli]ad.即刻，立即rib[rib]n.肋骨，肋状物fracture['fr9kt62]vt.使折断n.骨折arrange[2'reind7]v.安排，筹划；整理，使有条理，排列，布置arrange for[]为…作准备(安排)arrangement[2'reind7m2nt]n.安排；布置；筹备right away[]立即，马上，立刻by the way[](用于转入新话题)顺便问一下，顺便说type[taip]n.类型；典型；榜样anesthesia[9nis'4i:zi2]n.麻醉general anesthesia[]全身麻醉assist[2'sist]v.协助，帮助planet['pl9nit]n.行星non-living[]a.无生命的by...we mean[]所谓…指的是…whereas[w/2r'9z]conj.而，却；反之recognize['rek2gnaiz]vt.认识，识别；承认example[ig'za:mpl]n.实例，范例for example[]例如([]for instance)例如，比如；举例说function['f38k62n]n.机能vi.活动(器官)activity[9k'tiviti]n.活动，活跃；行动；n.活动；活性,活力；积极性；能动性；放射性；what is more[]更重要的，更有甚者，而且on one's own[]靠(某人或某物)自己by oneself[]靠..自己；独立surroundings[]n.周围的事物；n.环境，周围事物stimulus['stimjul2s]n.刺激物；鼓励thirdly['42:dli]adv.第三environment[in'vai2r2nm2nt]n.环境，周围状况，自然环境，四周，外界ability[2'biliti]n.能力；能耐，才能；n.专门技能，天资be known as[]以…闻名，通常名叫；叫作；称为；以…闻名irritability[irit2'biliti]n.易怒；n.应激性，兴奋性reproduce['ri:pr2'dju:s]vt.繁殖，再生，复制reproduction['ri:pr2'd3k62n]n.繁殖，再生，复制offspring['0(:)fspri8]n.后代，后裔process['pr2uses]n.过程，程序vt.处理generation['d7en2'rei62n]n.一代(人)；发生，产生；生育to sum up[]总之；总结；总而言之，总之growth[gr2u4]n.生长，增加respond[ris'p0nd]vt.回答，答复；vi.回答；响应，反应respond to[]对…有反应；回答response[ris'p0ns]n.作答，回答；响应，反应response to[]对…的反应property['pr0p2ti]n.财产 ；n.财产，资产；财产权，所有权；特性increase[in'kri:s, 'inkri:s]v.增加，增大brain[brein]n.脑子likely['laikli]a.可能的；似乎合适的man-like[]a.象人的minute['minit,mai'nju:t]n.分，分钟；一会儿，片刻a.微小的，详细的electron[i'lektr0n]n.电子virus['vai2r2s]n.病毒；病原体single['si8gl]a.唯一的；单一的thread[4red]n.线；线索v.穿针线等；穿过nylon['nail2n]n.尼龙；尼龙长袜astonishing[2s't0ni6i8]a.非常惊人的computer[k2m'pju:t2]n.电脑，计算机；；电子计算器automatic['0:t2'm9tik]a.自动的；机械的，无意识的；n.小型自动武器thousand['4auz2nd]num.千，千个[pl.]成千上万a.一千的control[k2n'tr2ul]v./n.控制；支配wonderful['w3nd2ful]a.奇妙的；令人惊奇的artificial['a:ti'fi62l]a.人工的，非天然的attempt[2'tempt]vt.尝试，试图n.企图，试图copy['k0pi]vt.抄写；仿效n.副本robot['r2ub0t]n.机器人；自动机happen['h9p2n]vi.发生；偶然，碰巧human['hju:m2n]a.人的，人类的n.人solve['s0lv]vt.解决；解答(难题)reference['ref2r2ns]n.参考；谈到look after[]v.照顾；寻求librarian[lai'br/2ri2n]n.图书馆管理员，馆长；n.图书管理员，图书馆馆长provide[pr2'vaid]v.提供，供给；规定as well as[]conj.又；以及periodical['pi2ri'0dik2l]a.周期的；定期的n.期刊；杂志classify['kl9sifai]v.分类，归类；vt.把…分类，分等级ownership['2un26ip]n.所有权，所有制content['k0ntent, k2n'tent]n.内容；容量；目录engineering['end7i'ni2ri8]n.工程学；n.工程(学)，工程师行业frequently['fri:kw2ntli]ad.时常，屡次contain[k2n'tein]vt.包含，容纳；装有nowadays['nau2deiz]adv.当今；现在；ad.现今；在这时代fiction['fik62n]n.小说，虚构，杜撰；n.小说；虚构的故事non-fiction[]n.非小说类文学作品encyclopedia[en'saikl2u'pi:dj2]n.百科全书refer to[]v.查阅；参考；提及deal with[]v.论述；处理；对待subject['s3bd7ikt,s3b'd7ekt]n.主题，题目；n.学科；主语；n.臣民；v.征服；v.以…为条件subject-matter[]n.主题；素材author['0:42]n.作者 ；n.作家；作者title['taitl]n.标题；书目catalog['k9t2l0g]n.目录(本、卡)v.编目录；n.目录，目录册v.将…编入目录alphabetical['9lf2'betik2l]a.按字母顺序的locate[l2u'keit]vt.查出；设置be located in[]坐落在；座落于，位于information['inf2'mei62n]n.通知，报告，消息，情报；n.信息；情报；资料well-informed[]a.见多识广的；a.消息灵通的regular['regjul2]a.定期的；经常的resource[ri's0:s]n.资源；富源amount[2'maunt]n.数量，数额，总数vi.合计，共计a large amount of[]大量creation[kri'ei62n]n.创造；创造物centimetre[]n.公分，厘米width[wid4]n.宽度，宽大organism['0:g2niz2m]n.生物 ；n.生物，有机体；(如生物的)机体、有机组织range[reind7]vi.(在一定幅度或范围内)变动；显示不等 ；n.范围,领域;排列,连续;(山)脉v.排列成行range from...to...[]从…到…particle['pa:tikl]n.颗粒；虚词(语法)bacterium[b9k'ti2ri2m]n.细菌；拳击迷Greek[gri:k]a.希腊的n.希腊人；希腊语invent[in'vent]vt.发明，创造；虚构，捏造Dutch[d3t6]a.荷兰的n.荷兰人merchant['m2:t62nt]a.商业的；商人的；n.商人，零售商homemade['h2um'meid]a.国产的；家庭制的grind[graind]vt.磨；碾lens[lenz]n.透镜，(凹、凸)镜片；n.透镜；镜头magnify['m9gnifai]vt.放大，扩大；夸大，夸张identify[ai'dentifai]vt.辨认；视为同一unit['ju:nit]n.工作单位；n.单位；单元；部件，装置；小队，部队compound['k0mpaund,k2m'paund]n.复合物，复合词a.复合的；n.化合物，复合物a.复合的，化合的eyeglass['aigl9s]n.(通常用复数形式)眼镜go by[]v.过去(时间)；依照degree[di'gri:]n.度，度数；程度precision[pri'si72n]n.精确，精确度principle['prins2pl]n.原则，原理；主义，信念optical['0ptik2l]a.光学的；视觉的，视力的on the other hand[]另一方面，反过来说beam[bi:m]n.一道(光线)，一束play...a role in...[]在…中起…作用physicist['fizisist]n.物理学家，研究物理学的人structure['str3kt62]n.结构；组织care for[]关心；照顾；喜欢；照顾，照料；喜欢take care of[]照顾，照料；承担，处理，负责personnel['p2:s2'nel]n.全体人员，全体职员；n.人员，职员；a.有关人事的；n.[总称]人员，员工；人事部门contact['k0nt9kt,k2n't9kt]n.联系；社会关系；接头vt.联系，接触have contact with[]与……有联系；和…接触；和…联系in case[]conj.如果；万一thorough['43r2]a.彻底的；详尽的profession[pr2'fe62n]n.职业(尤指脑力劳动或受过专业训练的)the profession[]同行，同业substance['s3bst2ns]n.物质；实体cure[kju2]vt./n.治疗；痊愈；n.治愈；良药，疗法v.治愈，医治；矫正cure...of[]医好某人的病；纠正clinic[klinik]n.门诊所；临床further['f2:52]a.更远的；较远的；a./ad.更进一步的treatment['tri:tm2nt]n.治疗；处理，对待seriously['si2ri2sli]ad.认真地；严肃地；严重地specialize['spe62laiz]vt.专门研究，专门化specialize in...[]专攻…；专于…particular[p2'tikjul2]adj.特殊的；特别的；a.特殊的；特定的branch[bra:nt6]n.分科，学科；分枝for instance[]例如，比如，举例说physician[fi'zi62n]n.(内科)医生 ；n.内科医生；医生solely['s2uli]ad.单独地，只non-surgically[]ad.非外科手术地cardiologist['kadi'0l2d7st]n.心脏病学家specialist['spe62list]n.专家，行家；n.专家；专科医生hematologist[]n.血液学家damage['d9mid7]n.破坏，损害；n.毁坏vt.损害；损坏dentist['dentist]n.牙科医生；n.牙医specially['spe62li]ad.特别地，专门地；ad.特别地，特地；特别，格外地ounce[auns]n.盎斯(英制重量单位)；一点点；少量；n.盎司，英两；少量means[mi:nz]n.方法，手段，工具；金钱，财产prevention[pri'ven62n]n.预防，防止，阻止，妨碍smallpox['sm0:lp0ks]n.[医]天花case[keis]n.病例；患者；情况die[dai]v.死亡，去世die of...[]死于…die from[]死于…recover[ri'k3v2]vt.恢复，复元recover from...[]vi.恢复健康，痊愈scar[ska:]vt.使留下伤疤n.伤疤rare[r/2]a.稀有的；难得的 ；a.稀薄的；稀有的，稀疏的，珍奇的ad.很，非常，煎得嫩的notice['n2utis]n.通知v.注意到immune[i'mjun]a.有免疫力的；不受影响的；a.免疫的；免除的；不受影响的immune to...[]对…有免疫力immunity[i'mjuniti]n.免疫性；n.免疫；免除observation['0bz2:'vei62n]n.注意；观察；n.观察；观测inoculation[in0kju'lei62n]n.接种；预防注射deliberately[di'lib2ritli]ad.有意地；审慎地diseased[]a.生病的；有病的mild[maild]a.轻微的；和缓的severe[si'vi2]a.严厉的；严格的 ；a.严重的；严厉的，剧烈的acquire[2'kwai2]vt.取得；获得；学到，习得；养成(习惯)resist[ri'zist]vt.抵抗；抗，耐set to work[]开始工作cowpox['kaup0ks]n.牛痘germ[d72:m]n.病菌；胚芽transfer[tr9ns'f2:]vt.转移；转变；转让vaccination[v9ksi'nei62n]n.种痘；接种疫苗practically['pr9ktik2li]ad.实际上；几乎；实用地，实际地wipe out[]v.消灭；根除obvious['0bvi2s]a.清楚的；明白的obviously['0bvi2sli]ad.显然地；ad.明显地，显而易见地intricate['intrikit]a.复杂的，难了解的spaceship['speis6ip]n.宇宙飞船，太空船microscopic['maikr2'sk0pik]a.极微小的，微观的macroscopic['m9krou'sk0pik]a.肉眼可见的，宏观的block[bl0k]n.砌块；部件；街区structural['str3kt62r2l]a.结构的，构造的unaided[3n'eidid]a.无助的；独立的；a.没有帮助的unaided eye[](不借助设备的)肉眼similar to...[]与…相似fashion['f962n]n.样子；方式；时髦tissue['tisju:]n.薄纸，棉纸；n.组织；薄纸，纸巾namely['neimli]ad.即；也就是epithelial[epi'4i:li2l]a.上皮的cover['k3v2]vt.覆盖；包括n.盖子outer['aut2]a.外面的；外层的surface['s2:fis]n.表面a.表面的，肤浅的line[lain]n.直线；排列；生产线；n航线；n.绳子；v.排队；n.(剧)台词organ['0:g2n]n.器官，机关muscular['m3skjul2]a.肌肉的；强有力的；a.肌肉发达的，强健的connective[k2'nektiv]a.连接的；结合的；连接词；连接的connective tissue[]结缔组织naked['neikid]a.无遮盖的；裸体的naked eye[]肉眼in turn[]反过来，转过来，依次complex['k0mpleks]a.复杂的，复合的stomach['st3m2k]n.胃；腹部circulatory['s2:kjul2t2ri]a.循环的(血液)respiratory[ris'pai2r2t2ri]a.呼吸的digestive[di'd7estiv]a.消化的；有消化力的vessel['vesl]n.管，脉管；n.容器；船，飞船；管blood vessel[]血管tube[tju:b]n.管子，筒air tube[]气管spinal['spainl]a.脊椎骨的cord[k0:d]n.髓；索；带spinal cord[]脊髓coordinate[k2u'0dinit]vt.使协调；使同等nervous['n2:v2s]a.神经的；神经紧张的nervous tissue[]神经组织circulation['s2:kju'lei62n]n.血液循环；n.循环；流通，传播；(报纸，书刊的)销售量circular['s2:kjul2]a.圆形的，环形的；循环的；a.圆形的；循环的；间接的n.传单，通报circulate['s2:kjuleit]vt.循环(血液)；流通define[di'fain]vt.解释；给…下定义be defined as...[]下定义为…accomplish[2'k0mpli6]vt.实行；完成；vt.完成(任务等)；v.完成，实现，达到vascular['v9skjul2]a.血管的，脉管的compose[k2m'p2uz]v.组成，构成；创作；排字；使安静be composed of...[]由…组成component[k2m'p2un2nt]n.成分；部分a series of...[]一系列的…collectively[]ad.总体地；集体地；ad.集体地，共同vessel['vesl]n.管，脉管；n.容器；船，飞船；管artery['a:t2ri]n.动脉；干线，要道capillary[k2'pil2ri]n.毛细血管a.毛细管道；毛状的vein[vein]n.静脉，血管；叶脉；纹理；方式，风格；n.静脉；矿脉；情绪connect[k2'nekt]v.连接；相连；联系；vt.连接；与…联系，接通(电话)vi.连接connect... with...[]把…与…连接bringabout[]v.引起；发生；带来hollow['h0l2u]n.腔；穴；凹a.空的all the time[]每时每刻briefly[]ad.简短地；简单地oxygen['0ksid72n]n.氧；氧气oxygen-laden[]n.带氧的；携氧的deoxygenate[di:'0ks2d72neit]vt.除去氧气aorta[ei'0:t2]n.主动脉give off[]v.放出，排出absorb[2b's0:b]vt.吸收；接受；vt.吸引…的注意；vt．吸收（水、光、蒸汽等）；vt.并入，同化intestine[in'testin]a.内部的；国内的n.肠liver['liv2]n.肝脏carbon['ka:b2n]n.碳元素dioxide[dai'0ksaid]n.二氧化硫；n.二氧化物carbon dioxide[]二氧化碳by wayof...[]经由…；通过…方法pulmonary['p3lm2n2ri]a.肺的；肺状的discharge[dis't6a:d7]vt.排出(气体)；解除cycle['saikl]n.自行车;周期,循环v.骑自行车;循环major['meid72]a.较大的；主要的n.主修课；少校vi.主修systemic[sis'temik]a.全身的；系统的transport[tr9ns'p0:t]vt.输送；运输lesser['les2]a.较小的；更少的；次要的minor['main2]a.较小的，较少的；较次要的hepatic[hi'p9tik]a.肝的n.保肝药cerebral['ser2br2l]adj.脑的；睿智的；a.脑的，大脑的；深思的，用脑的pollute[p2'lju:t]v.污染；弄脏polluter[]n.污染者；污染物质；n．造成污染者;污染源community[k2'mju:niti]n.社团；社会；团体bothersome['b052s2m]a.令人厌恶的；麻烦的in...way[]以…方式partly['pa:tli]ad.部分地；不完全地exhaust[ig'z0:st]n.排气，排出vt.用尽pipe[paip]n.管子，导管；烟斗vt.用管道输送exhaust pipe[]排气管trash[tr96]n.废物，垃圾；断枝invisible[in'viz2bl]a.看不见的，无形的detect[di'tekt]vt.检测；探测current['k3r2nt]n.气流；电流；趋势trap[tr9p]vt.止住blanket['bl98kit]n.毛毯；毡a blanket of...[]一片或一页的smog[sm0g]n.烟雾irritate['iriteit]vt.刺激，使兴奋keep...from...[]v.阻止；避开like[laik]vt.喜欢；喜爱prep.像；跟…一样；v.希望，想要emphysema[emfi'si:m2]n.肺气肿bronchitis[br08'kaitis]n.支气管炎affect[2'fekt]v.影响；感动；(在感情方面)打动，震动；(疾病)侵袭，使染患uncomfortable[3n'k3mf2t2bl]a.不舒服的；不自在的lack[l9k]n.&vt.缺乏，不足soil[s0il]vt.弄脏n.污点；土壤rust[r3st]vt.生锈，使…生锈discolor[dis'k3l2]vt.使…变色(或褪色)tremendous[tri'mend2s]a.非常的，惊人的；a.巨大的，极大的；非常的，极好的sum[s3m]n.总数；总和a sum of money[]一笔钱research[ri's2:t6]n.调查；研究；科研conduct['k0nd2kt,k2n'd3kt]vt.实施；进行；传导effective[i'fektiv]a.有效的；有力的combat['k0mb9t]vt.与…斗争；反对obviously['0bvi2sli]ad.显然地；ad.明显地，显而易见地diagnosis['dai2g'n2usis]n.诊断；诊断书determine[di't2:min]v.决定；决心；测定，确定nature['neit62]n.性质；种类；自然symptom['simpt2m]n.症状 ；n.症状，征候，征兆sign[sain]n.符号，记号；vi.做暗号，作手势；n.告示，迹象；v.签名；n.海报，布告objective[0b'd7ektiv]a.客观的；真实的n.目标，目的observe[2b'z2:v]vt.观察；遵守；评说vi.注意；说，评论characteristic['k9rikt2'ristik]a.表明特性的；特有的characteristic of...[]表明…特性的accompany[2'k3mp2ni]vt.陪伴，陪同；伴随，一起发生；伴奏syndrome['sindroum]n.综合病症，综合症状；n.综合症状；一系列表现(事件等) frequently['fri:kw2ntli]ad.频繁地；屡次地evaluate[i'v9ljueit]vt.评价，估计；vt.评价，评估，估价，求...的值extremely[iks'tri:mli]ad.极其，非常disorder[dis'0:d2]n.失调；轻病；混乱prescribe[pris'kraib]vt.开(药方)；规定therapy['4er2pi]n.疗法 ；n.治疗；疗法chemotherapy[kemou'4er2pi]n.化学疗法(化疗)physiotherapy[fizi2'4er2pi]n.物理疗法(理疗)measure['me72]n.措施；办法；量度carry out[]v.进行；执行；实施recent['ri:snt]a.最近的，近日的；a.新近的；近来的recently[]ad.近来relate[ri'leit]vi.有关；涉及；v.叙述,讲述;使互相关联professional[pr2'fe62nl]a.职业的；业务的take on[]呈现，具有，装出；接纳，接受；承担，从事responsibility[ris'p0ns2'biliti]n.责任；负责aim[eim]n.目的；目标；瞄准vt.把…瞄准vi.瞄准，针对aim at[]瞄准，针对；目的在于…exist[ig'zist]vi.存在；生存，生活existing[]a.现存的，目前的；a.现有的concept['k0nsept]n.概念，理论；想法；n.概念，观念，思想seek[si:k]vt.试图；寻找；请求actually['9ktju2li]ad.实际上；实际地；adv.实际上，事实上promotion[pr2'm2u62n]n.促进；增长；晋级vast[va:st]adj.巨大的；广阔的；大量的；非常的；巨额的organization['0:g2nai'zei62n]n.组织；机构；团体international['int2(:)'n962nl]adj.国际的；世界的individual['indi'vidju2l]a.个别的，单独的；独特的n.个人，个体maintenance['meintin2ns]n.维持，保持；维修；坚持，维护；n.维修,保养;维持,保持mental['mentl]adj.精神的；脑力的；a.智力的；精神的；神经不正常的，精神病的antibiotic[9ntibai'0tik]n.抗生素a.抗生的resistant[ri'zist2nt]a.有抵抗能力的；a.抵抗的，反抗的resistant to...[]对…有抵抗力antibiotic-resistant[]a.耐抗生素的arrest[2'rest]vt.阻止；抑止；逮捕pathogenic[p942'd7enik]a.[医]病原的，致病的，发病的upset[3p'set]vt.扰乱n.紊乱vital['vaitl]a.充满生机的 ；a.生命的；有活力的；致命的；至关重要的；adj.极重要的derive[di'raiv]vt.取得，得到be derived from...[]由…而来；起源于mold[m2uld]n.模子，气质v.塑造n.([]mould)模子；模型vt.用模子做，浇铸；n.霉(菌)；性格penicillin[peni'silin]n.盘尼西林，青霉素Penicillium[peni'sili2m]n.特异青霉，点青霉；[拉]青霉属Be made from...[]由…制成Streptomyces['strept2'maisi:z]n.链霉菌属streptomycin[strept2'maisin]n.链霉素incalculable[in'k9lkjul2bl]a.不可数的；无数的benefit['benifit]n.利益，好处of benefit to...[]对…有好处mankind[m9n'kaind]n.人类 ；n.［用作单或复］人类give rise to[]v.引起，使发生，招致complication['k0mpli'kei62n]n.并发症；复杂的情况secondary['sek2nd2ri]a.继发的，第二次的specific[spi'sifik]a.特殊的；特定的coexist['kouig'zist]vi.同时存在，共存fungus['f38g2s]n.真菌，真菌类植物；n.真菌，霉菌up to[]直到；该由；胜任administration[2d'minis'trei62n]n.管理，经营；行政机关；政府；n.管理(事务等)；经营eliminate[i'limineit]vt.消灭，除去unaffected['3n2'fektid]a.不受影响的；a.自然的，不矫揉造作的prevent... from...[]防止...免于；v.使…不能，阻止unrestrainedly[-idli]ad.无限制地set up[]v.引起；设立，建立allergy['9l2d7i]n.过敏性反应，过敏症；n.过敏症，厌恶abnormal[9b'n0:m2l]a.反常的；异常的 ；a.不正常的；变态的；不规则的reaction[ri'9k62n]n.反应；反作用(力)；(against)反动，对抗consequence['k0nsikw2ns]n.结果；后果 ；n.结果，后果，影响；重要性，要紧(和of连) widespread['waidspred]a.分布广的；普及的result in...[]v.产生…的结果，导致evolution['i:v2'lju:62n]n.发展；发育，进化strain['strein]n.株(细菌等)；品系medication[medi'kei62n]n.药疗法；药剂prevalence['prev2l2ns]n.流行；普遍fast[fa:st]a.抗拒的drug-fast[]抗药的，耐药的staphylococci[]n.葡萄状球菌；葡萄球菌quinine[kwi'nin]n.奎宁free from...[]a.无…的，免去…的value['v9lju:]n.价值；重要的Spaniard['sp9nj2d]n.西班牙人count[kaunt]n.伯爵(贵族的头衔)Lima['li:m2]n.利马(秘鲁首都)Peru[p2'ru:]n.秘鲁(拉丁美洲一国家名)Peruvian[p2'ru:vi2n]a.秘鲁的 ；a.秘鲁的；秘鲁人的America[2'merik2]n.美洲；美国Amerindian['9m2r'indj2n]n.美洲印第安人Indian['indi2n]a.印度的，印度人的；印地安人的n.印度人；印第安人mosquito[m2s'ki:t2u]n.蚊子breed[bri:d]n.种；属 ；n.种，品种vi.繁殖vt.饲养；养育；酿成drain[drein]v.排去；排水；引流drain away[]排去…的水bark[ba:k]n.树皮；n.吠叫声vi.吠，叫vt.厉声地说出powder['paud2]n.粉末；粉剂mix[miks]v.混淆；v.混合；混在一起mix with...[]与…混在一起fall ill[]生病；患病intimate['intimit]a.亲密的；密切的worry about...[]为…担心，为…着急secretly['si:kritli]ad.秘密地；隐蔽地secret['si:krit]n.秘密；秘诀；奥妙murder['m2:d2]vt.&n.杀害；谋杀disclose[dis'kl2uz]vt.揭开；泄露utter['3t2]vt.说出；表达absent['9bs2nt,2b'sent]a.缺席的；a.不在的；心不在焉的；茫然的；缺乏的inquire[in'kwai2]vt.打听，询问；调查servant['s2:v2nt]n.仆人；雇工get to[]到达（某地）；到达，抓住问题的要害，本质square[skw/2]n.广场；街区in time[]及时；迟早at the last moment[]在最后的时刻wonder['w3nd2]vi.纳闷，想知道；vt.想知道，惊奇vi.惊讶n.惊奇；奇迹reveal[ri'vi:l]vt.揭示，揭露；vt.揭露，泄露；展现，显示；上帝(启示) Europe['ju2r2p]n.欧洲Swedish['swi:di6]a.瑞典的，瑞典人的n.瑞典语；瑞典人name... after...[]v.以…命名countess['kauntis]n.伯爵夫人；女伯爵as to[]prep.至于…；关于…kidney['kidni]n.肾脏；n.肾，腰子；性格transplant[tr9ns'pla:nt]vt.&n.移植(物)fail[feil]vi.(后接不定式)不，不能；v.失败；不及格；不能remedy['remidi]n.治疗法；药物paw-paw[]n.番木瓜grocery['gr2us2ri]n.食品杂货店，杂货exotic[ig'z0utik]a.外来的，异国的strip[strip]n.一片，一条infect[in'fekt]vt.传染，感染；影响…的心情，给…以影响surprise[s2'praiz]n.惊奇；意外之事to one's surprise[]使…感到惊奇remark[ri'ma:k]vt.&n.说；谈论，评论impress[im'pres, 'impres]vt.给予深刻印象in one's opinion[]据某人看来efficacious[efi'kei62s]a.有效的(不指人)otherwise['352waiz]ad.在其他方面detrimental['d/tr2'm/ntl]a.有害的，有损的anyhow['enihau]ad.无论如何，不管怎样；随便地，马马虎虎explanation['ekspl2'nei62n]n.解释，说明；辩解decay[di'kei]vt.&n.腐烂，衷败lay[lei]vi.躺；vt.放置；产卵beetroot['bi:tru:t]n.甜菜根onion['3nj2n]n.洋葱，洋葱头herbal['h2:bl]a.草的；草本的；a.草本植物的herb[h2:b]n.草药；n.草本植物；药草；香草digitalis[did72'teilis]n.洋地黄，毛地黄originate[2'rid7ineit]vi.起源于，来自；v.发生，发起；发明originate from...[]起源于…despite[dis'pait]prep.不管，尽管；prep.不管，不顾，任凭criticism['kritisiz2m]n.批评意见hold[h2uld]vt.认为；相信；握heal[hi:l]v.使(伤、病)痊愈；v.治愈，愈合，痊愈normal['n0:m2li]a.正常的，正规的n.正常状态routine[ru:'ti:n]a.常规的，例行的；n.常规；惯例expensive[iks'pensiv]a.昂贵的，花钱多的import[im'p0:t''imp0:t]vt.输入，进口idea[ai'di2]n.主意,想法；概念，思想；计划，建议medicinal[me'disinl]a.有药性的；医药的；a.药的，药用的，有治疗作用的defence[di'fens]n.保护，保卫，防御by far[]大量；最；非常droplet['dr0plit]n.飞沫；小滴droplet infection[]飞沫感染swarm[sw0:m]vi.密集；涌往；充满inside[in'said]prep.在…内adv.在内部；prep.在…里面n.内部a.内部的ad.在里面positively[]ad.绝对地；肯定地helpful['helpful]a.有用的；a.有帮助的；有益的gain entrance to...[]进入…ensue[in'sju:]vi.随着发生；结果是disease-producing[]a.致病的overcome['2uv2'k3m]vt.战胜，克服；[常用被动语态]压倒fairly['f/2li]ad.相当地，适度地terminate['t2:mineit]vi.(使)结束，(使)停止；v.结束；终止fortunately['f0:t62nitli]ad.幸运地，幸好manage['m9nid7]v.管理，经营，处理；设法对付；控制，操纵penetrate['penitreit]vt.进入；穿透；渗透invader[in'veid2]n.侵略者，侵犯者，入侵者invasion[in'vei72n]n.发病；侵袭；侵略barrier['b9ri2]n.障碍；障碍物；n.栅栏，屏障；障碍(物)guard[ga:d]vt.保护，保卫；防止break[breik]v.打断，打破；v.损坏，违反；n.休息时间；v.穿越；v．(向……)透露；破产beneath[bi'ni:4]prep.在…下面expense[iks'pens]n.花费；费用；n.费用；消耗；代价at the expense of...[]以…作代价，牺牲…host[h2ust]n.宿主；主人a host of...[]许多fluid['flu(:)id]n.液体 ；n.流体，液体a.流体的，流动的release[ri'li:s]vt.放生；释放；v.释放,解放;发表,发行n.释放,豁免,放松responsible[ris'p0ns2bl]a.有责任的；a.负责的；有责任感的normally['n0:m2li]ad.正常地；平常地swallow['sw0l2u]vt.吞；吞没n.吞，咽secrete[si'kri:t]v.分泌；藏匿acid['9sid]n.酸,酸性物质a.酸的,酸味的；尖刻的；讥讽的digest[di'd7est,'daid7est]vt.消化；领会；vt.消化；吸收，领悟n.文摘counteract['kaunt2'r9kt]vt.对…起反作用，对抗，抵消；vt.抵抗；抵消leucocyte['lu:k2sait]n.白细胞；n.白血病site[sait]n.部位，位置；场所eat up[]吃光；吃完；消耗；用完engulf[in'g3lf]v.吞没phagocytosis[f9g2sai'tousis]n.噬菌作用；吞噬作用phagocyte['f9g2sait]n.[吞]噬细胞antibody['9ntib0di]n.抗体(身体中的抗病物质)manufacture['m9nju'f9kt62]n./vt.制造；生产；v.制造,加工n.制造,制造业;产品bloodstream[常the ~, one's~]n.血液；n.血流protection[pr2'tek62n]n.保护 ；n.保护，防护物cross[kr0s]vt.横过n.十字(形)cross infection[]交叉感染admit[2d'mit]vt.允许进入；v.承认，供认；准许…进入，准许…加入occur[2'k2:]vi.发生；存在occur to sb.[]想起，想到fatal['feitl]a.致命的；命中注定的be aware of...[]意识到；明白；觉察到take place[]发生；进行；举行secretion[si'kri62n]n.分泌物；隐藏faeces[]n.粪；排泄物，渣滓urine['ju2rin]n.小便，尿indirectly[]ad.间接地 ；a.间接地；不直接了当地lesion['li:72n]n.创伤(身体上的)；n.身体上的伤害access['9kses]n.接近；通道，入口；n.接近的机会；享用(权)；n.访问vt.存取；vt.取得gain access to...[]进入…inhalation[inh2'lei62n]n.[医]吸入;吸入药剂ingestion[in'd7est62n]n.咽下；吸收significant[sig'nifik2nt]a.有意义的，意味深长的；重要的，重大的significance[sig'nifik2ns]n.重要性；重大；n.意义，意味；重要性strict[strikt]a.严格的；精确的preventive[pri'ventiv]a.预防的n.预防法attend[2'tend]v.出席，参加；照顾，护理，照料attend to...[]护理，照顾；专心considerable[k2n'sid2r2bl]a.重要的，值得重视的consequently['k0nsikw2ntli]ad.因而，所以equipment[i'kwipm2nt]n.装备；设备；n.设备，器材，装置article['a:tikl]n.物品，东西；n.文章，论文；物件，物品；条款；冠词linen['linin]n.亚麻织物(指台布等)bedsheet[]n.床单disinfect[disin'fekt]vt.给…消毒；清除；vt.消毒；净化thoroughly['43r2li]ad.彻底地，全面地free of[]无…的；免除的；没有route[ru:t]n.路线；航线；n．途径；道路transmission[tr9nz'mi62n]n.传染；传送；发射essential[i'sen62l]a.必不可少的；实质的above-mentioned[]a.以上提到的，上述的undertake['3nd2'teik]vt.进行，从事；承担be sure to[]必定，一定reduce[ri'dju:s]vt.减少，缩减；复位pharmacologist[f1:m2'k0l2d7ist]n.药理学家，药物学家pharmacology[f1:m2'k0l2d7i]n.药理学，药物学noted['n2utid]a.著名的，有声望的province['pr0vins]n.省；领域，范围childhood['t6aildhud]n.幼年；童年期keen[ki:n]a.强烈的；锐利的go into...[]从事…；加入…concern[k2n's2:n]vt.涉及；对…有关render['rend2]vt.提供；翻译；使得commence[k2'mens]n.开始，着手；vt.开始vi.获得学位carry on...[]继续；经营tradition[tr2'di62n]n.传统，习俗delay[di'lei]n.&vt.耽误；延迟recipe['resipi]n.处方；秘诀integrate['intigreit]vt.使成为整体integrate...with...[]使…与…结合in 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医学英语教程生物医学课文翻译生物医学课文翻译：Medical English Tutorial - Biomedical TextbookBiomedical research plays a crucial role in advancing our understanding of human health and developing new treatments for diseases. In this tutorial, we will explore various topics in the field of biomedical sciences.Lesson 1: Introduction to Biomedical ResearchBiomedical research is the investigation of biological processes and diseases at the molecular, cellular, and organismal levels. This lesson will provide an overview of the different research methodologies used in the field, including genome sequencing, proteomics, and animal studies. We will also discuss the ethical considerations associated with biomedical research.Lesson 2: The Human Genome ProjectThe Human Genome Project was a landmark scientific initiative that aimed to map and sequence the entire human genome. This lesson will delve into the history of the project, its impact on biomedical research, and the novel insights gained from analyzing the human genome. We will also explore the future implications of this project in personalized medicine.Lesson 3: Genetics and DiseaseUnderstanding the genetic basis of diseases is crucial for the development of effective treatments. This lesson will focus on the relationship between genetics and common diseases, such as cancer, cardiovascular disorders, and neurodegenerative conditions.We will also discuss the advancements in genetic testing and the potential of gene therapy.Lesson 4: Stem Cells and Regenerative MedicineStem cells have the unique ability to differentiate into various cell types, making them valuable tools in regenerative medicine. This lesson will explore the different types of stem cells, their therapeutic potential, and the current challenges in their clinical application. We will also discuss recent breakthroughs in tissue engineering and organ transplantation.Lesson 5: Drug Discovery and DevelopmentDeveloping new drugs is a complex and rigorous process. In this lesson, we will explore the steps involved in drug discovery, from target identification to preclinical and clinical trials. We will also discuss the role of animal models in drug testing and the importance of drug safety and efficacy.Lesson 6: Biomedical ImagingImaging techniques play a vital role in diagnosing diseases and monitoring treatment efficacy. This lesson will provide an overview of various imaging modalities used in biomedical research, such as X-ray, MRI, and PET. We will also discuss the advancements in imaging technology and their application in precision medicine.Lesson 7: Biomedical EthicsEthical considerations are essential in biomedical research to ensure the welfare of human and animal subjects. This lesson will discuss the ethical principles and guidelines governing biomedicalresearch. We will also explore the ethical dilemmas associated with emerging technologies, such as gene editing and artificial intelligence in healthcare.By the end of this tutorial, you will have a comprehensive understanding of key concepts and advancements in the field of biomedical sciences. This knowledge will enable you to actively engage in discussions and contribute to the ever-evolving field of medical research.。