辽宁省大连市2018_2019学年高一英语上学期期末考试试题(含解析)

- 1 - 大连市2018～2019学年度第一学期期末考试试卷

高一英语

说明：1. 请在答题纸上作答，在试卷上作答无效。

2. 本试卷共120分，考试时间100分钟。

选择题部分

第一部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分35分)

第一节(共10小题；每小题2. 5分，满分25分)

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。

A

Easy floating

If you have ever been swimming in the ocean, you may have noticed that sea water

is easier to float in than pool water. Here’s why:

You’ll need Two clear bowls Food coloring Spoon Salt Two eggs

1. Fill bowls halfway with water.

2. Add 10 tablespoons of salt to one bowl, mix until it dissolves, and then add several

drops of color.

3. Carefully put an egg into each bowl of water, and watch what happens.

What happens?

- 2 - The egg in the plain water sinks. The egg in the salt water floats.

(If the salt water egg does not float well, mix more salt into the bowl. )

The water and salt particles (粒子) in the salt water bowl are closer together

than plain water particles are. They press harder against the egg than the plain water

particles do and the egg floats.

1. The purpose of the experiment is to explain ________.

A. why the egg floats in the salt water

B. why people float more easily in the sea

C. how we can make the egg float in water

D. how the water and salt particles act together

2. According to the text, if the egg in the salt water doesn’t float, which is the

reason?

A. The water is too hot. B. The egg is not fresh.

C. The bowl is too small. D. The salt is not enough.

3. Why does the egg float in the salt water instead of in the plain water?

A. The egg gets more pressure. B. The salt particles press harder.

C. The water particles are closer. D. The food coloring gives a force.

【答案】1. B 2. D 3. A

【解析】

这是一篇科普类阅读。文章通过做实验的方法，解释了为什么人们更容易漂浮在海水里。

【1题详解】

细节理解题。答案定位在第一段If you have ever been swimming in the ocean, you may have

noticed that sea water is easier to float in than pool water.可知这个实验的目的是解释为什么人们更容易漂浮在海里，故选B。

【2题详解】

推理判断题。根据If the salt water egg does not float well, mix more salt into the

bowl.（如果盐水里的鸡蛋不能很好地漂浮，在碗里加入更多的盐。）由此可知如果鸡蛋在盐水中不漂浮，是因为盐不够，故选D。

【3题详解】

推理判断题。答案定位在最后一段They press harder against the egg than the plain water - 3 - particles do and the egg floats.（它们比普通的水粒子对鸡蛋的压力更大，鸡蛋就会漂浮起来。）由此推断出鸡蛋浮在盐水里而不是在白水里，是因为鸡蛋得到更多的压力，故选A。

B

Spanish artist Pablo Picasso (1881—1973) is one of the greatest artists of the

20th century. It is said that everything his brush touched turned to gold. But in

truth, the value of his work could be worth more than any precious metal. Picasso

created more than 20,000 works in his life, including two of the world’s 10 most

expensive paintings.

Between 1907 and 1913, Picasso and his colleague(同事) Georges Braque started

a revolution(革命) in painting. Before that, paintings were like windows — they were

painted to look as if they had depth. You could tell which objects were “close”

to you and which objects were “far away”. But Picasso and Braque didn’t want to

paint like that any more. To them, a painting wasn’t a window to the world; it was

marks and lines on a flat surface. Why, they thought, should an object like a guitar

be shown only from one angle (角度)? A guitar can look very different depending on

which angle one looks at it from. Their answer was to show all the angles. They broke

the guitar up into pieces. Their style of painting is called cubism.

But why did they feel such a need to change things? Well, the world around them

was changing, too. Science was turning people’s ideas upside down. Albert Einstein’s

theory was proving that what we knew about time and space was wrong. And new political

movements like socialism were on the rise. The world was becoming different; artists

needed to start seeing and painting it differently.

The famous and terrifying painting Guernica (1937) shows the horror of the

bombing(轰炸) of the town of Guernica during the Spanish Civil War. In the painting,

you can actually see the sky falling. Picasso couldn’t have painted it without the

skills he learned during his cubist period. Breaking a guitar into pieces was his

preparation for showing the world being blown to pieces.

4. What is the article mainly about?

A. The high price of Picasso’s paintings. B. Picasso’s difficulties in

career. - 4 - C. The popularity of Picasso’s paintings. D. Picasso’s achievements in art.

5. In what way did Picasso and Braque paint?

A. They painted objects with different depths.

B. They made their paintings look like windows.

C. They painted an object from different angles.

D. They broke objects into pieces and painted them.

6. What caused Picasso and Braque to start cubism?

A. Einstein’s theory. B. The changing world.

C. The rising socialism. D. New political movements.