2020年中考英语语法复习：直接引语与间接引语

第 1 页 共 5 页 2020年中考英语语法复习：直接引语与间接引语

1. 直接引用别人的原话叫直接引语，无需做任何改变，但书面引用时，必须加双引号；转述别人的原话叫间接引语，一般用宾语从句或复合句来表达。 如：

a). John said , “ I like reading story-books.” 约翰说：“我喜欢看故事书”（直接引语）

b). John said that he liked reading story-books. 约翰说他喜欢看故事书。（间接引语）

2. 直接引语变间接引语

1). 陈述句、感叹句变成that引导的宾语从句；口语中that常常省略；句尾用句号。 如：

a). He often says , “China is great.” 他常说：“中国是伟大的”

He often says (that) China is great. 他常说这个是伟大的。

2). 一般疑问句、选择疑问句和反义疑问句变成whether引导的宾语从句，口语常用if代替whether；注意用陈述语序。 如：

a). He says , “Is Tom an Englishman ?” 他说：“汤姆是英国人吗？”

He asks whether/if Tom is an Englishman. 他问汤姆是否是英国人。

3). 特殊疑问句，常变成疑问词同形的引导词引导的宾语从句；用陈述语序；句尾用句号。 如：

a). He said , “Where is she going ?” 他说：“她去哪了？”

He asked where she was going. 他问她去哪了。 第 2 页 共 5 页 4). 祈使句，常变成带to的不定式作宾语补足语的复合宾语。并根据句子的意思在不定式的前面加上tell , ask , order等动词，其结构为：tell / ask / order sb to do sth。如果祈使句是否定句，在不定式前要加not。 如：

a). “ Tom”, he said to him , “ Come here , please.” “汤姆”，他对他说，“请过来”

He asked Tom to go there. 他要求汤姆去那儿。

b). Don’t smoke in the room,”he said to me.“不要在房间吸烟，”他对我说。

He told me not to smoke in the room. 他告诉我不要在房间吸烟。

5). 直接引语中的时间状语在变成间接引语时，常做如下调整。

直 接 引

语 间 接 引

语

today that day

this

morning/afternoon

… that morning/afternoon

yesterday the day before / the previous(以前的) day

(the) day before

yesterday two days before

tomorrow the following/next day 第 3 页 共 5 页 (the) day after

tomorrow two days after / in two days time

next week month … the next week/month …

last week/month … the week/month before …

now then

ago before

6).其它词的转换：this变成that , these变成those , here变成there ,

come变成go

7). 主句的动词为过去时，直接引语变间接引语按逆推原理，时态调整如下：

直 接 引 语 转

换 成 间

接 引 语 的 时

态 变 化 例

句

直 接 引

语 间 接 引

语

一般现在时 一般过去时 He said , “ I’m afraid I

can’t finish the work.” He said that he was

afraid he couldn’t finish

the work.

现在进行时 过去进行时 He said , “ I’m using the

knife.” He said that he was

using the knife

一般将来时 过去将来时 She said , “ I’ll do it

after class.” She said that she would

do it after class. 第 4 页 共 5 页 一般过去时 过去完成时 He said , “ I came to

help you.” He said that he had

come to help me.

现在完成时 过去完成时 She said , “ I’ve not

heard from him since

May.” She said that she had

not heard from him

since May.

过去完成时 过去完成时 He said , “ I had

finished my home-

work before supper.” He said that he had

finished his home- work

before supper.

8). 注意几点变化：

(1).陈述句中的say to sb.常变为tell , ask等带双宾语的动词；直接引语中的人称，也要作适当调整。 如：

a). “ I don’t like computers,” Sarah said to her friends. “我不喜欢电脑”，塞拉对她的朋友说。

Sarah told her friends that she didn’t like computers. 塞拉告诉她的朋友她不喜欢电脑。

b). He said to me , “ Did you see him last night ?”他对我说：“你昨天晚上看到他了吗？”

He asked me whether I had seen him the night before. 他问我之前的那天晚上我是否看到她了。

(2). 疑问句中的say常变为ask , wonder(想知道) , want to know等表 第 5 页 共 5 页 示疑问的词语。 如：

a). “ What can I do for you ? Did he say to you ? “我能为你做些设么”他对你说了吗?

He asked/wondered/wanted to know what he could do for you. 他问/想知道它能为你做些什么。

(3). 直接引语如果是客观真理，变为间接引语时，时态不变。 如：

a). He said , “ Light travels much faster than sound.” 他说：“光传播得比声音快得多”

He said that light travels much faster than sound. 他说光传播得比声音快得多。

b). “ A friend in need is a friend indeed ,” mother said to me. “患难的朋友才是真正的朋友，”妈妈对我说。

Mother told me that a friend in need is a friend indeed. 妈妈告诉我患难的朋友才是真正的朋友。

(4). 如果在当地转述，here不必改为there，动词come不必改为go；如果在当天转述，yesterday , tomorrow等时间状语也不必改变。