Student Personnel Point of View 1949
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培养大学生信息素养的意义及途径(Meaning and methods of educating the students information literacy)Two thousand and nine point sixSignificance and ways of training university students' Information LiteracyLiang Jianguo - Zhang Bin Wang Xinwei(Qingdao Harbour Vocational and Technical College, Shandong, Qingdao 266404)[author's brief introduction]: Liang Jianguo (1981~), male, teacher of Qingdao Harbour Vocational and Technical College.Abstract: This paper introduces the definition and content of information literacy, and analyzes the cultivation of College Students' creative ability, self-learning ability and the formation of moral quality with information literacyIt points out the main ways to improve the information literacy level of college students in China: constructing new digital libraries and optimizing various information;To carry out the information literacy education that adapts to each other; to strengthen the collection construction of the library; to train a full-time high-level information teacher team.Key words: college students; information literacy; lifelonglearning; University LibrariesInformation literacy means that people acquire knowledge and information in the information societyInformation initiative and basic abilities. As we enter the 21 worldJi, the advent of the information age, has brought great changes to societyThe quality of information literacy is also getting higher and higher, and is responsible for the future of the nationTo set up a task for college students, information literacy is essential qualityFirst, information literacy education is related to the improvement of College Students' innovative ability,It is related to the cultivation of autonomous learning ability, which is related to quality education in Colleges and UniversitiesSuccess or failure. Therefore, it is new to train and improve the information literacy of College StudentsAn important task of educational reform in the 21st century.First, the definition and content of information literacyIn 1974, Paul Zekas, President of the Information Industry Association of the United StatesZurkowski (Paul) defines information literacy as "people are solving."Take advantage of information technology and skills when deciding a problem". Later, information literacyThe definition was constantly developed, and in 1992, the American Library Association raisedInformation literacy refers to the ability to determine when information is needed and canThe ability to retrieve, evaluate, and utilize information effectively. 1992The American Library Association and the American Educational Communications and Technology AssociationStep has formulated the student to study 9 big literacy standards, this standard from the letterInterest, skills, independent learning and social responsibility are described in three aspects,It further expands and enriches the connotation and extension of information literacy. This [1]It is the definition of authority put forward by foreigncountries, and there are dozens of scholars in ChinaYears of exploration, there has been no authoritative statement, but basically have been connectedThe following definition is made: information literacy is the individual catching in a purposeful wayOne of the processes in the process of catching, selecting, storing, processing, and utilizing informationThe composite quality is the individual's attitude towards information activities and informationAcquisition, analysis, processing, evaluation, innovation, communication and so onCombining ability. Information literacy should be defined as the way individuals treat informationDegree, and the synthesis in the process of carrying out information related activitiesAbility to combine and self-discipline.Information literacy is a comprehensive quality, is the original human cultureAn extension of the new era, it can include the following: (1) letterConcept of interest. The attitude of an individual to information includes how to recognize informationDoes the positive value and the negative influence of the society have the consciousness to obtain the letter?Interest,Understanding, insight, and observation of various types of information. (2)Information knowledge. Information knowledge is what people are using information technology tools,Expanding the ways of information dissemination and improving the efficiency of information exchangeThe nature and characteristics of information, the law of information movement, and the information systemAnd its principles, information technology and information methodsKnowledge constitutes the basis of information literacy. (3) information ability. informationThe core of literacy is whether an individual is able to achieve what he wantsTake, synthesize, analyze, evaluate information, and process informationOn the basis of information, innovate and form independent views and generate new onesInformation. (4) information morality. Information morality is the spirit of information literacyWithout information morality, information activities can not only take place for societyFortune, on the other hand, creates disaster, even though there is no actual workYes, but it's what information literacy calls literacy. letterInterest literacy is essentially a humanistic quality, can give technical divisionLearning to inject humanistic care.The United Nations Educational, scientific and Cultural Organization says that only lifelong learning can be achievedTrain qualified qualified personnel, and only those who have information literacy,In order to implement lifelong learning, it becomes a required learning in the era of knowledge economyFour hundred and two thousand and nine point sixInnovative and high quality talents. Comprehensive quality education should be implementedTherefore, we must educate the college students in information literacy.Two, the significance of university students' Information Literacy Education1. information literacy relates to the cultivation of innovative ability of College StudentsNow, our country's education is turning from examination oriented education to quality educationChange, and the ability to innovate is the core content of quality education.As the name suggests, innovation is the creation of new thingsBreakthrough. "Content" has a very wide range, including societyVarious aspects of the field, such as academic theoretical innovation, enterprise systemDegree innovation, state system innovation and so on. Precisely because there are always newReplace the old things, will have social development and progress.New things do not arise out of thin air. They need the knowledge they haveShield. Newton has modestly attributed his achievements to "because of me."Stand on the shoulders of giants". Because of this, information literacy can be achieved in innovationThe cultivation of force is the foundation, so to speak, there is no definite informationLiteracy is nothing new. This is especially true for College StudentsWith the reform of higher education, the demand for college students is from knowledgeThe memory into the importance of scientific research ability, scientific research is the goalInnovation, while scientific research capability is based on the accumulation of knowledge and sufficient informationMastery as premise. Have the right information concept and sufficient informationKnowledge and the necessary information ability, college students can achieve innovation. IfIt is difficult for college students to accept and preserve knowledge, but it is difficult to accomplish itAnd other institutions to become social development "gas station" mission. Information literacy isThe essential quality of creative talents is the catalyst of innovation activities.Constructivism is regarded as the latest theoretical foundation of modern educational technologyThink, knowledge is a learner in certain social background, with the aid of himHuman help,Make full use of all kinds of learning resources; think bigStudents are the main body of information processing, emphasizing that college students should study autonomously,Self discovery and active exploration; the most conducive to learning is divergentThinking, reverse thinking, divergent thinking. Therefore, information literacy educationInnovation education has a special position.2. information literacy relates to the improvement ofself-study ability of College StudentsOne of the goals of quality education in China is to cultivate students' AutonomyAbility to learn. From the point of view of students, from "want me to learn""To "I want to learn" changes; from the point of view of educators, that isRealize its role from "teach people to fish" to "teach people to fish". sinceThe cultivation of academic ability is largely related to the cultivation of information literacyThere is consistency, but the two are different angles. asToday, the process of social informatization is speeding up and social information resources are expanding constantly,The proportion of information outside the library's literature resources has been increasing and carrierForms also change constantly. Some people learn at CollegeAfter five years of knowledge, more than half will not be used, a lot of new knowledgeThe acquisition mainly depends on self-study. [2] therefore,higher education must be paid attention toThe cultivation of important students' self-study ability, and the cultivation of self-study abilityIn essence, through the cultivation of university students' information literacy, learn how to distinguishAbout information, how to collect and obtain information, in this sense,Information literacy is an important weapon to gain self-study ability. And information literacyEducation is the introduction of knowledge and the importance of information to the UniversityThe student sets up the correct information concept, obtains the enough information knowledgeThrough literature retrieval and the use of information skills and methods of training to make itHave excellent information skills and form good letters in the processInterest morality can use the network to seek scientific information and communicate with each otherCapable of carrying out search, selection, or application of information with purposeInnovation on the basis of information, and really get rid of the passive learning processThe recipient's status becomes lifelong independent with good information literacyLearner。
译林版九年级英语下册第二单元全套教学案设计译林版九年级英语下册第二单元全套教学案设计Unit 2 Great peopleWelcome to the unitTeaching aims:1. Learn some new words and expressions about describing great people.2. Introduce some great people in history and talk about them.Teaching procedures:Step 1 PresentationShow some pictures to introduce some great people and ask: Do you admire them?Why or why not?Step 2 PresentationIntroduce the six great people in history with pictures and captions.Peter Tchaikovsky was a Russian. He was a composer of classical.QianXueson was a great scientist. He was the pioneer of China’s space technology programme.William Shakespeare was English. He was a great writer of English literature. Nelson Mandela was once the president ofSouth Africa. He was a fighter for the rights of black Africans all his life.Thomas Edison was a great inventor who created over 1,000 inventions.Christopher Columbus was a great explorer. He was one of the first Europeans to discover America.Step 3 Write and matchComplete Part A& B on page 21.Mr Wu is showing the Class 1, Grade 9 students the pictures of some famous people. Help the students write the correct word under each picture.Keys: inventor explorer writer president scientist composer Mr Wu is telling the students about the famous people in Part A. Help the students match the names on the left with the correct information on the right.1. Christopher Columbus2. William Shakespeare3. QianXueson4. Thomas Edison5. Nelson Mandela6. Peter Tchaikovskya. Chinese, the pioneer of China’s space technology programmeb. South African, a fighter for the rights of black Africans allc. American, created over 1,000 inventionsd. Italian, one of the first Europeans to discover Americae. Russian, a composer of classical musicf. English, a great writer of English literatureKeys: 1-d 2-f 3-a 4-c 5-b 6-eStep 4 Listen and answerI. Listen to the conversation between Hobo and Eddie and answer the following questions:1. What are they talking about?2. Who does Eddie think is the greatest person in history?3. Why does Eddie think so?Keys: 1. They are talking about who is the greatest person in history.2. Paul Yum.3. Because he thinks Paul Yum invented his favourite food.II. Read and act out the conversation.Step 5 Explanation1. I’ve never heard of him.hear of … 听说hear 听见,听到e.g. 你能听到她在隔壁房间唱歌吗?Can you hear her singing in the next room?你以前听说过这首歌吗?Have you heard of this song before?2. He invented my favourite food.invent vt.发明inventor n. 发明家,发明者invention n.发明物,创意e.g. 托马斯·爱迪生,一位伟大的发明家,发明了1000多种发明Thomas Edison, a great inventor, invented over 1,000 inventions.3. Who do you think is the greatest person in history, Eddie?句中的do you think是该疑问句中的插入部分。
托福听力tpo48section1对话讲座原文+题目+答案+译文Conversation1 (1)原文 (1)题目 (3)答案 (5)译文 (5)Lecture1 (6)原文 (6)题目 (9)答案 (11)译文 (11)Lecture2 (13)原文 (13)题目 (16)答案 (18)译文 (18)Conversation1原文NARRATOR:Listen to a conversation between a student and a university employee at the campus employment office.FEMALE EMPLOYEE:Hi,can I help you?MALE STUDENT:I hope so.My name's Mark Whitman,I'm--FEMALE EMPLOYEE:Don't I remember you from last year?You worked in uh…where was it,the art library?MALE STUDENT:Yeah.You're good.That was me.And I really enjoyed the work.FEMALE EMPLOYEE:Right.Yeah,your supervisor gave us some really great feedback at the end of the year.“Oh,he’s so organized,always on time,helpful...”MALE STUDENT:Really?Well,I'm glad.It was a good job.FEMALE EMPLOYEE:Well,we usually try to match students'jobs with their academic interests...MALE STUDENT:Yeah,I'm not exactly sure what career I'm headed for,but librarian is a possibility.It was a great experience to learn how it works and,and meet some people working in the field.But for this year...well,that’s what I wanted to ask about.FEMALE EMPLOYEE:Oh.How come you waited so long to come in?You know how fast campus jobs fill up.If you’d come in earlier,you could probably have gotten the library job again--I mean,since you have the experience from last year,you don't need the training and all...but it's been filled now.MALE STUDENT:Yeah,I know.But I'd planned to get a job working at a restaurant off-campus this year.I really need to make more money than I did last year,and working as a waiter,there's always the tips.But…I've tried a ton of places and I haven't found anything.I know it’s really late,but well,uh,I was wondering…if maybe there was some job that hadn't been taken?Or maybe,umm,someone started a job and,ya know,had to drop it or something?FEMALE EMPLOYEE:Well,I doubt you'll find..MALE STUDENT:Could you,could you possibly check?I know it's a long shot but…My friend Suzanne,she takes photography classes in Harrison Hall.And,um,she sort of thought there might be an opening in the janitorial staff.FEMALE EMPLOYEE:Um,why does your friend,the photography student,think she has information about a janitorial staff opening?I'm pretty sure those jobs're filled. In fact,I remember taking lots of applications for them.Let me double check itonline…MALE STUDENT:She said the whole studio arts building and especially the photo lab have been kind of,uh…sort of messy lately?I mean,she says there's,uh,chemicals and stuff left out and,ya know,it's like no one's been cleaning up.But that could just be,ya know,students using the lab after hours or something.Like,after it's been cleaned.FEMALE EMPLOYEE:Hmm…hang on.There's…uh…there is um…an asterisk…uh, next to one of the job numbers here.There's a note.Let's see…Huh!…Your friend's right.Seems like one of the student janitors quit a couple weeks ago for some reason….Well,whatever.It looks like this is your lucky day.MALE STUDENT:Wow!That is so great!So who's the contact person?FEMALE EMPLOYEE:Check with the janitorial office.MALE STUDENT:Fine.Thanks so much.题目1.Why does the student go to the employment office?A.To get feedback from his previous supervisorB.To try to have his work hours reducedC.To find out about getting an on-campus jobD.To compare various job offers that he has received2.Why does the university employee seem surprised at the student's request for on-campus jobs?A.Because she knows he is interested in off-campus jobsB.Because she expected him to apply earlier in the semesterC.Because she knows he recently quit an on-campus jobD.Because she thought he already had an on-campus job3.What does the student imply about the job he had at the library last year?A.It did not require as much training as jobs in restaurants.B.It did not pay as well as jobs in restaurants.C.It offered a flexible work schedule for students.D.It convinced him to become a librarian in the future.4.Why does the student mention his friend Suzanne?A.To compare his restaurant job with her job at the photograph labB.To suggest that he wants to work with herC.To explain why students do not want to have janitorial jobsD.To explain why he thinks there is a job opening5.What can be inferred about the woman when she says this:FEMALE EMPLOYEE:Um,why does your friend,the photography student,think she has information about a janitorial staff opening?I'm pretty sure those jobs're filled.A.She believes that there is no way to confirm that information.B.She is concerned about information security.C.She doubts the accuracy of the information.D.She does not find the information helpful.答案C B BD C译文听一段一个学生和大学工作人员在校园职业介绍办公室的对话。
美高校学生事务管理对中国高校学生工作的启示解勇国(陕西师范大学学工部部长)一、美国高校学生事务管理的理念1、学生事务与学生事务管理学生事务(Student Affairs)与学生事务管理(Student Affairs Administration or Practice)是美国高等教育的产物,是典型美国式的用法和表达。
它是相对于学术事务(academic affairs)及其管理而言的,包括学生入学、新生适应、注册报到、咨询服务、住宿生活、经济资助、课外活动、职业发展、学生健康、纪律处理等所有非学术性学生事务的总称,基本对应于我国高校学生工作。
2、学生事务美国高校学生事务出现于美国高等教育发展和变化的时代,伴随美国高等教育发展变化的进程,学生事务在不同的历史阶段所表达的内涵也不断发展变化,而且具有鲜明的时代特征,从“学生人事”(student personnel )、“学生服务”(student service)到“学生发展”(student development),再到的“学生学习”(Student Learning)。
这几个概念除了学生人事之外,学生服务、学生发展和学生学习仍是当前美国学生事务的重要内容。
3、学生事务管理“学生事务管理”是个典型的美国术语,曾经受到过理性主义、新人道主义、实用主义和存在主义哲学思想的影响。
在美国,“学生事务习惯用来描述校园内对学生课外教育负责的组织结构或单位,学生事务管理一般被理解为这一职业领域的总称”。
学生事务管理,通俗一点来讲,就是对学生事务的管理。
与我国通行的校院系两级管理体制和条块结合运行机制有明显不同的是,美国高校学生事务管理的机构设置和权限分配只在学校一级,学生事务及其管理是直接面对学生及学生组织进行的管理。
而学院和系一级没有对应的组织和分工要求。
当然,美国是一个典型的高等教育分权国家,学生事务与高校其他事务一样,主要是地方与大学的事情。
美国几乎所有高校都独立设置学生事务管理的组织机构,自主开展学生事务工作,大多数美国的学生事务工作者都是从本校出身,不同的学校又会有不同的特色。
CopyrightZEB-CAM™ User’s Manual © 2017 GeoSLAM Ltd. All rights reserved.CONTENTSIntroduction (5)1.1Specification (5)1.2Principal of operation (5)1.3List of parts (6)Safety (7)2.1General safety (7)2.2System Disposal (7)2.3Installation (7)2.4Further help and information (7)Data capture (9)3.1Mounting ZEB-CAM (9)3.2ZEB-CAM SETTINGS (9)3.3Capturing data with ZEB-CAM (10)Data Processing (11)GOPro Basics (14)5.1Charging the battery (15)5.2Inserting and removing the memory card (16)5.3Wireless settings (17)INTRODUCTIONThe ZEB-CAM is a colour camera accessory for GeoSLAM’s ZEB-REVO portable laser scanner. ZEB-CAM incorporates a GoPro Hero Session action video camera. The image data collected by the camera can be viewed alongside the 3D point cloud created by the ZEB-REVO and used to extract contextual information.1.1SPECIFICATIONCamera Type GoPro Hero SessionMode VideoVideo Resolution 1440pFrames per Second 30Image Resolution 1920 x 1440Field of View Ultra-wide (~120°x 90°)Logging Medium Internal SD cardPower Supply Internal BatteryBattery Life 2 hours continuous useImage Syncing Optical flow using integrated inertial sensor1.2PRINCIPAL OF OPERATIONThe operation of the camera on ZEB-CAM is independent from operation of the ZEB-REVO. The camera must be started and stopped manually at the start and end of each scan. The resulting video data is logged directly to an internal microSD card in the camera.The video data from ZEB-CAM and laser data from ZEB-REVO are combined in the GeoSLAM Desktop processing application. A unique optical flow algorithm is used to determine the relative timing between the video and laser data.The viewer in GeoSLAM Desktop can be used to view the video data alongside the point cloud data from the ZEB-REVO.1.3LIST OF PARTSSAFETY2.1GENERAL SAFETYThe ZEB-CAM camera accessory should only be used by trained operators. Always follow basic safety precautions when operating the ZEB-CAM to reduce the risk of personal injury and to prevent damage to the equipment. Do not operate the equipment with suspected defects or obvious mechanical damage. Please refer all servicing of the equipment to qualified service personnel. Only use the components and accessories supplied with your system or other accessories recommended by GeoSLAM Ltd. Before operating the system for the first time please read this manual.2.2SYSTEM DISPOSALWhen the ZEB-REVO Portable Mapping System reaches the end of itslife-cycle please dispose of the equipment in accordance withDirective 2002/96/EC on Waste Electrical and Electronic equipment(WEEE).GeoSLAM Ltd is prepared to take back the waste equipment andaccessories free of charge at the manufacturing unit in Bingham, UKfor proper treatment with the objectives of the WEEE.2.3INSTALLATIONThe ZEB-CAM can only be used with be used in conjunction with a GeoSLAM ZEB-REVO handheld laser scanner. For instructions how to mount ZEB-CAM see Section 3.1 Mounting ZEB-CAM2.4FURTHER HELP AND INFORMATIONContact GeoSLAM by any of the following methods:Phone: +44 1949 831814Email:****************Website:DATA CAPTUREThis chapter describes how to mount ZEB-CAM to the ZEB-REVO and how to operate ZEB-CAM during REVO data capture.3.1MOUNTING ZEB-CAMIf the ZEB-CAM is not already mounted on the ZEB-REVO, mount the camera by following these steps:1Remove the ZEB handle by unscrewing the orange knurled wheel at the top of the handle.2Fit the ZEB_CAM to the base of the REVO using the 3 x M4x8 caps screws supplied with the ZEB-CAM and tighten with the 3mm hex key. Do notovertighten or you risk stripping the threads in the base of the REVO, justnip the screws tight.3Refit the handle into the underside of the ZEB-CAM mount.4Connect the Micro-USB end of the ZEB-CAM cable into the socket on the side of ZEB-CAM mount.5Connect the other end of the ZEB-CAM cable to the AUX (blue) socket on the ZEB-DL2600 data logger.3.2ZEB-CAM SETTINGSThe GoPro Hero Session camera is delivered with configuration settings required for use in ZEB-CAM pre-set. If for any reason the camera settings are changed the settings listed in Table 3-1 must be reset to the values shown in order for the ZEB-CAM data to process correctly.3.3CAPTURING DATA WITH ZEB-CAM(real-time) users please refer to section 3.3.2Ensure the microSD card is inserted into the card slot behind the cover on the side of the camera (see 5.2 Inserting and removing the memory card).Ensure there is adequate free space on the SD card.Ensure the camera battery is adequately charged (see 5.1 Charging the battery). Connect the ZEB-REVO to the AUX port on the data logger, boot up the data logger. Once booted, he LED on the ZEB-REVO should pulse red twice per second to indicate that the ZEB-CAM has been detected and the system is in standby mode. Without the ZEB-CAM the LED will pulse once per second.Initiate a scan as described in the ZEB-REVO User Manual.After the system has initialised and the REVO LED has changed to green and before activating the rotation of the REVO head, [short} press the shutter/select button on the top of the camera. After approximately 2 seconds the camera emits three beeps, and automatically begins recording video. The camera status led flashes red while the camera is recording.Warning – do not hold down the shutter/select button [long press]. This will switch the camera from video to time lapse mode.Immediately after starting the video recording, start the REVO rotation by pressing the button on the side of the REVO, pick up the scanner and start the scan.Perform the scan following the guidelines set out in the ZEB-REVO User’s Manual.At the end of the scan, stop the REVO head rotation and immediately stop the video recording by [short] pressing the shutter/select button on top of the camera. The camera beeps several times and automatically powers off to maximize battery life.Ensure the microSD card is inserted into the card slot behind the cover on the side of the camera (see 5.2 Inserting and removing the memory card).Ensure there is adequate free space on the SD card.Ensure the camera battery is adequately charged (see 5.1 Charging the battery). Connect the ZEB-REVO to the USB socket on the REVO RT data processing unit, boot up the data processing unit and initiate the scan in the same way described in the ZEB-REVO RT User Manual.After the system has initialised and before activating the rotation of the REVO head, [short} press the shutter/select button on the top of the camera. After approximately 2 seconds the camera emits three beeps, and automatically begins recording video. The camera status led flashes red while the camera is recording.Warning – do not hold down the shutter/select button [long press]. This will switch the camera from video to time lapse mode.Immediately after starting the video recording, start the REVO rotation by pressing the button on the side of the REVO, pick up the scanner and start the scan.Perform the scan following the guidelines set out in the ZEB-REVO RT User Manual.At the end of the scan, stop the REVO head rotation and immediately stop the video recording by [short] pressing the shutter/select button on top of the camera. The camera beeps several times and automatically powers off to maximize battery life.DATA PROCESSINGThe ZEB-CAM records video data to internal microSD card in MP4 format. Remove the microSD card from the camera and copy the MP4 file(s)* to the processing computer using the microSD to SD or microSD to USB adapter.Select the corresponding video MP file(s)* when requested to do so by the GeoSLAM Desktop application.*ZEB-CAM video files are limited in files size to 4GB due to a limitation of the FAT32 disk format. Videos in excess of 4GB (approximately 9 minutes) are split into multiple MP4 files or chapters, each with a common file name plus index number to differentiate each chapter. All chapters must be selected at the start of processing in order for the data to process correctly.GOPRO BASICS1 Camera Status Screen2 Shutter/Select Button3 Microphone4 Camera Status LED (red) / Wireless Status LED (blue5 Micro-USB Port6 microSD Card Slot7 Info/Wireless Button5.1CHARGING THE BATTERYThe integrated battery comes partially charged. No damage occurs to the camera or battery if used before being fully charged. To Charge the Battery:1Open the side door.2Connect the supplied USB cable to the Micro-USB port.3Connect the other end to a 5V 1A USB power source, e.g. a standard USB port on a computer.The camera status led turns red during charging and turns off when charging is complete. When charging the camera with a computer, be sure that the computer is connected to a power source. If the camera status lights do not turn on to indicate charging, use a different USB port.5.2INSERTING AND REMOVING THE MEMORY CARDTo insert the memory card:1Ensure the camera is powered off.2Open the side door.3Insert the microSD memory card into the card slot at a downward angle with the label facing down.4Press the card in until it latches in placeTo remove the memory card1Ensure the camera is powered off.2Open the side door.3Gently press the memory card in to unlatch it.4Carefully extract the memory card5.3WIRELESS SETTINGSThe GoPro can be used remotely using the free GoPro App for Mobile via a WiFi connection. We do not recommend using in this mode since it significantly reduces the battery charge life.The camera WiFi settings have been pre-set to the last eight digits of the camera serial number. The serial number can be found on the inside of the side door:SSID NNNNNNNNPassword NNNNNNNNWhere NNNNNNNN is the last eight digits of the camera serial number.。
《大学英语Ⅱ》练习题适用层次:专升本Unit One Is There Life on Earth?ⅠExercisesDirection: Fill in the blanks with the words or expressions given below.proceed, pollute, originally, as to, base on,know as, indicate1.George Washington, the first President of the United States, is _______ the Fatherof His Country.2.The movie we are going to see is said to be _______ the life story of an Americangeneral.3.The doctor’s report _______ that her death was due to heart disease.4.My native town, which was _______ rather small, has now been built into one ofthe biggest cities in the province.5.The speaker said something about the actors first and then _______ to talk aboutthe film.Translations6.几天前,由三位医生和两名护士组成的医疗队出发到山区去了。
7.他病了一个月左右,这使他在学习上耽误了很多。
ⅡKeys1.known as2.based on3.indicated4.originally5.proceeded6.The medical team, composed of three doctors and two nurses set off for themountain area a few days ago.7.He was ill for about a week, which has really set him back in his studies.Unit Two The Dinner PartyⅠExercisesDirection: Fill in the blanks with the words or expressions given below.widen, emerge, make for, impulse, unexpected,at the sight of, outgrow1.New problems _______ when old ones are solved.2.At the first light of dawn the warships _______ the open sea.3.The attack on Perl Harbor on December 7, 1941 was a(n) _______ event whichbrought American into World War Ⅱ.4.The coat fits the boy perfectly now, but he will _______ it in a year’s time.5.Johnny’s mouth watered _______ the big pudding.Translations6.出席晚宴的客人对那个美国人威严的语气感到有点意外。
写国庆的英语作文带翻译National Day is one of the most important holidays in China. It is celebrated on October 1st every year to commemorate the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949. On this day, people all over the country come together to celebrate with various activities and events.国庆节是中国最重要的节日之一。
它每年的10月1日庆祝,以纪念1949年中华人民共和国的成立。
在这一天,全国各地的人们聚集在一起,通过各种活动和事件来庆祝。
The day usually starts with a grand flag-raising ceremony in Tiananmen Square in Beijing. Thousands of people gather to watch the national flag being raised, and the national anthem being sung. It is a very patriotic and moving moment for everyone present.这一天通常以在北京的天安门广场举行盛大的升旗仪式开始。
成千上万的人聚集在一起观看国旗的升起和国歌的奏唱。
对于在场的每个人来说,这是一个非常爱国和感人的时刻。
After the flag-raising ceremony, there is usually alarge parade featuring military personnel, vehicles, and weaponry. It is a display of the country's militarystrength and a way to honor the men and women who serve in the armed forces.升旗仪式之后,通常会有一场大型的阅兵式,其中有军事人员、车辆和武器。
THE STUDENT PERSONNELPOINT OF VIEWE. G. Williamson, ChairmanWillard W. BlaesserHelen D. BragdonWilliam S. CarlsonW. H. CowleyD. D. FederHelen G. FiskForrest H. KirkpatrickEsther Lloyd-JonesT. R. McConnellThornton W. MerriamDonald J. ShankSERIES VI – STUDENT PERSONNEL WORK – NUMBER 13Washington, D. C. Volume XIII, September 1949AMERICAN COUNCIL ON EDUCATION STUDIESFORWARDI N 1937 THE AMERICAN COUNCIL ON EDUCATION held a two-day conference on problems related to the clarification of the field of student personnel work, the relationship of student personnel work to other phases of institutional programs, and the need for research and special studies to determine the nature and direction of future developments in student personnel work. The report of this conference was published under the title The Student Personnel Point of View. For many years prior to this conference the Council had taken an active interest in the field of student personnel work, and as early as 1926 had published a report of a survey made by L. B. Hopkins. Special consideration had also been given to this are by several Council committees, among them the Committee on Personnel Methods and its successor, the Committee on Measurement and Guidance.The Student Personnel Point of View constituted a distinct contribution in the personnel field (1) because it delimited personnel activities from other administrative and instructional functions more clearly than had any previous statement; (2) because it stressed the importance of coordinating various types of personnel services; (3) because it pointed the way for future studies and special brochures; and (4) because it led to the appointment by the Council of its Committee on Student Personnel Work, which has been responsible for the preparation of a number of important brochures. It was used widely by administrative officers and faculty committees, by faculty members teaching courses in personnel work, and by staff members performing designated functions in the personnel field.The demand for The Student Personnel Point of View has been continuous and strong. Student personnel work has developed so markedly during the past twelve years that it seemed advisable to revise and bring up to date the original report. For this reason it was decided to ask the Council’s Committee on Student Personnel Work to meet in Washington on June 1, 2, and 3, 1948 for that purpose. The revised brochure presents a new formulation of the philosophical basis for personnel work and details the elements in a comprehensiveinstitutional program. The Council is especially indebted to the committee for itsthoroughgoing revision of the original brochure and to the chairman of the committee, DeanE. G. Williamson, for putting into final form the revised report. The Council hopes that thisrevised edition of The Student Personnel Point of View will serve as important a purpose inadvancing the interests of student personnel work as did the original brochure.George F. ZookPresidentJune 1, 1949I.PHILOSOPHY AND OBJECTIVEST HE CENTRAL PURPOSE of higher education is the preservation, transmittal, and enrichment of culture by means of instruction, scholarly work, and scientific research. During the past few decades experience has pointed up the desirability of broadening this purpose to embrace additional emphases and objectives. Among these new goals, three stand out:cation for a fuller realization of democracy in every phase of living;cation directly and explicitly for international understanding and cooperation;cation for the application of creative imagination and trained intelligence to thesolution of social problems and to the administration of public affairs. 1Although these added goals aim essentially at societal growth, they affect positively theeducation and development of each individual student. The development of students as wholepersons interacting in social situations is the central concern of student personnel work andof other agencies of education. This emphasis in contemporary education is the essential partof the student personnel point of view.The student personnel point of view encompasses the student as a whole. The concept ofeducation is broadened to include attention to the student’s well-rounded development-physically, socially, emotionally and spiritually,-as well as intellectually. The student is thought of as a responsible participant in his own development and not as a passive recipient of an imprinted economic, political, or religious doctrine, or vocational skill. As a responsible participant in the societal processes of our American democracy, his full and balanced maturity is viewed as a major end-goal of education and, as well, a necessary means to the fullest development of his fellow citizens. From the personnel point of view any lesser goals fall short of the desired objective of democratic educational processes and is a real drain and strain upon the self-realization of other developing individuals in our society.The realization of this objective-the full maturing of each student-cannot be attained without interest in and integrated efforts toward the development of each and every facet of his personality and potentialities. His deepening understanding of his world is not sacrificed to his emotional maturing. His physical well-being does not become a limited end in itself.His maturing sense of values, social and spiritual, is not sacrificed to his understanding of the world of man and nature. His need for developing sound philosophy of life to serve as the norm for his actions now and in adult life is not neglected in the college’s emphasis on his need for intellectual and professional competence. Rather are all known aspects of the personality of each student viewed by the educator and personnel worker as an integrated whole --as a human personality living, working, and grow ing in a democratic society of other human personalities.A long and honorable history stands behind this point of view. From the Middle Ages until the beginning of the nineteenth century, European higher education and its American offshoots gave as much attention to the social, moral, and religious development of students as to their intellectual growth. But the rise of the modern research-centered Germanuniversity early in the nineteenth century led to the abandonment of this personal concern for students and centered on an intellectualistic concern. Influenced by German models, American educators steered American higher education toward intellectualism.Prosecution of scientific research and the stimulation of the intellectual development of students became the dominant emphases in American higher education. The earlier concern of Colonial educators for the spiritual, social, and personal development of students was shunted aside for more than a half century in most universities and in some colleges. At the turn of the present century certain great social forces matured and converged to shift attention back to the student’s broad development in all aspects of his personality.The student personnel movement developed during the early twentieth century in part as a protest against German-born intellectualism and also as the result of the findings of the psychology of individual differences during the second decade of the present century. Its evolution was stimulated by the huge growth of American colleges and universities following the First World War. With hordes invading institutions of higher education, colleges sought means to maintain some personal and individual relationship with students.Present-Day ObjectivesThe student personnel movement constitutes one of the most important efforts of American educators to treat the college and university students as individuals, rather than as entries in an impersonal roster. The movement, at the same time, expresses awareness of the significance of student group life in its manifold expressions from student residence to student mores, from problems of admission to problems of job placement. It has developed as the division of college and university administration concerned with students individually and students as groups. In a real sense this part of modern higher education is an individualized application of the research and clinical findings of modern psychology, sociology, cultural anthropology, and education to the task of aiding students to develop fully in the college environment.The specific aspects of the student personnel program stemming from the above point of view will be discussed in a later section. In addition, however, certain fundamental issues in education are affected by the application of the personnel point of view.The optimum development of the individual necessitates the recognition by teachers and administrators, as well as by professional personnel workers, of individual differences in backgrounds, abilities, interests, and goals. In the light of such individual variations each institution should define its educational purposes and then select its students in terms of these purposes. This concept of development demands flexibility in methods of teaching and in the shaping of content to fit the individual differences found in students. It also requires integration of various aspects of the curriculum.The individual’s full and balanced development involves the acquisition of a pattern of knowledge, skills, and attitudes consistent with his abilities, aptitudes, and interests. The range of acquisition is a broad one. Through his college experiences, he should acquire an appreciation of cultural values, the ability to adapt to changing social conditions, motivation to seek and to create desirable social changes, emotional control to direct his activities, moral and ethical values for himself and for his community, standards and habits of personal physical well-being, and the ability to choose a vocation which makes maximum use of his talents and enables him to make appropriate contributions to his society.But such broad-gauge development of the individual should in no sense be considered as a sufficient and complete goal in itself. It is axiomatic today that no man lives in a social vacuum. Rather individual development is conditioned by the kind of society in which a person lives, and by the quality of interpersonal and group relationships which operate around him. He is constantly affecting society; and society is constantly shaping him. These relationships constitute the cultural patterns with which higher education must be concerned in its efforts to stimulate and guide the development of each of its students.The cultural patterns of America have been, and will continue to be, deeply affected by the emergence of the United States as a world power. With the nation’s new status in world affairs, the preservation of basic freedoms and responsibilities at home becomes increasingly important. Our way of life depends upon a renewed faith in, and extensive use of, democratic methods, upon the development of more citizens able to assume responsibilities in matters of social concern, and upon the active participation of millions of men and women in the enterprise of social improvement.Such a social philosophy as that outlined above thrusts upon the college an urgent responsibility for providing experiences which develop in its students a firm and enlightened belief in democracy, a matured understanding of its problems and methods, and a deep sense of responsibility for individual and collective action to achieve its goals. Both classroom and out-of-class activities of the college should be related to these ends, and students’ organizations should be incorporated in the institution’s total educational program. In both the curricular and cocurricular program of the college the dynamic forces of society should be skillfully organized for the use of their learning values in furthering the development of students.As educators, our attention should be focused upon the social forces on the institution itself, which also provides learning experiences for the student. For example, the relationship among the various groups on the campus affect such social development. If faculty and students and faculty and administration work closely together in achieving common objectives, curricular and cocurricular, the learning of socially desirable processes is thereby enhanced.The college or university which accepts these broad responsibilities for aiding in the optimum development of the individual in his relations to society will need to evaluate carefully and periodically its curricular offerings, its method of instruction, and all other resources for assisting the individual to reach his personal goals. Among its important resources, it also will need to provide and strengthen the type of services, as outlined in the next section, encompassed within the field of student personnel work.II. STUDENT NEEDS AND PERSONNEL SERVICESD URING THEIR COLLEGE YEARS, students have opportunities for intensive classroom learning supplemented by many of the major elements of community living. Students live, work, make friends, have fun, make financial ends meet-all within the community of scholars. Since colleges seek to assist students to achieve optimum development of powers and usefulness, a comprehensive and explicit plan and program embracing many personnel services are necessary for this undertaking. The essential parts of such a plan and program are outlined the following sections.The student personnel point of view holds that the major responsibility for a student’s growth in personal and social wisdom rests with the student himself. Necessarily, however, his development is conditioned by many factors. It is influenced by the background, the abilities, attitudes, and expectancies that he brings with him to college, by his college classroom experiences, and by his reactions to these experiences. A student’s growth in personal and social wisdom will also be conditioned by the extent to which the following conditions are attained:The student achieves orientation to his college environment. Individuals are freer to learn, are under less strain, suffer less confusion, and have more consistent and favorable self-concepts if they feel at home and oriented in relation to their environment. The personnel worker attempts to help students feel at home in their college environment through:1.Interpreting institutional objectives and opportunities to prospective students, totheir parents, and to high school faculties;2.Selecting students who seem, after study, to be able to achieve in relation to thecollege offerings and requirements;3.Orienting students to the many phases of their college lives through a carefullydesigned program that involves such methods and experiences as personnel records, tests, group instruction, counseling, and group life.The student succeeds in his studies. The college or university has primary responsibility in selecting for admission students who have basic qualities of intelligence and aptitudes necessary for success in a given institution. However, many otherwise able students fail, or do not achieve up to the maximum capacity, because they lack proficiency or personal motivation for the tasks set by the college, because of deficiency in reading or study skills, because they do not budget their time properly, have emotional conflicts resulting from family or other pressures, have generally immature attitudes, are not wisely counseled in relation to curricular choices, or because of a number of other factors. In order that each student may develop effective work habits and thereby achieve at his optimum potential, the college or university should provide services through which the student may require the skills and techniques for efficient utilization of his ability. In addition to the contribution of counseling and removing blockages from his path toward good achievement, the student may also need remedial reading and speech services, training in effective study habits, remediation of physical conditions, counseling concerning his personal motivations, and similar related services.He finds satisfactory living facilities. Comfortable and congenial living arrangements contribute to the peace of mind and efficiency of the student. If effectively organized and supervised, the facilities that provide for food and shelter can also contribute to his social development and to his adjustments to group opportunities and restraints.The student achieves a sense of belonging to the college. To a large extent the social adjustment of an individual consists of finding a role in relation to others which will make him feel valued, will contribute to his feeling of self-worth, and will contribute to a feeling of kinship with an increasing number of persons. The student personnel program will help him achieve these goals through:1.Stimulating the development of many small groups;2.Fostering the development of a program of student-initiated activities;3.Encouraging the development of a diversified social program;4.Developing opportunities for participation in college-community co operativeactivities;5.Fostering teacher-student intellectual and social relationships outside of theclassroom.The student learns balanced use of his physical capacities. It is not enough to conceive of a health service as an agency only for the treatment of illness in order to keep the student operating in the classroom at regular maximum efficiency. To be broadly effective, the health program should also aggressively promote a program of health education designed to equip each student with self-understanding and self-acceptance at his optimum personal level of physical competence. The adjustment of the individual to his physical potentialities as well as to his irremediable limitations is a basic element in his full development of personality.The student progressively understands himself. This is the process of self-discovery and rediscovery which, progressively over a period of time, must unfold for the student in terms of his individual readiness for it. Through a rich program of experiences and skilful [sic] counseling, the student may acquire an understanding of himself, his abilities, interests, motivations, and limitations. With such understanding the student becomes ready to make long-range life plans; he acquires the understandings and skills necessary to cope with life problems; he learns to face and solve his own personal problems; he grows personally and, in the process, makes constructive social contributions. To aid in this development, the college or university provides:1.Adequate services for testing and appraisal;2.Skilled counselors trained in the art of stimulating self-understanding without directingdecisions;eful records available for study so that the student may inform himself of hispresent status and be apprised of whatever growth and development he has thus far achieved;4.Other services which will help the student acquire such specialized knowledge as theindividual should have concerning himself in order to make reasoned and reasonable choices and decisions.The student understands and uses his emotions. As mainsprings of action, emotions either may lead to disorganized and random behavior or to concerted, directed, worthwhile accomplishment. Directed emotions may enrich and strengthen action which is otherwise sterile and terminal. A human being is a creature of emotions as well as intellect. Effective personal counseling will help the student to understand and use his emotional powers for maximum, directed action. Without such understanding and self-direction, the student may soon find himself not only ineffective, but also socially inept and unacceptable. The counseling service, psychiatric services, and organized group activities are among the parts of the student personnel services which may assist the student in this area of achievement.The student develops lively and significant interests. Many aspects of personality directly related to attractiveness, alertness, and forcefulness are conditioned by the number and depth of interests an individual is able to cultivate. The effective college will recognize this by:1.Helping the student to discover his basic interests; and,2.Fostering a program of recreational and discussional activities that is diversified.The student achieves understanding and control of his financial resources. Learning how to live within his income, how to increase that income, how to find financial aids that are available are part of an understanding of the student’s economic life. Such an understanding of money values must be achieved in balanced relationships to physical energy, curricular, and social demands.Counseling students on financial matters and administering financial aids in such a way as to help the most worthy and most needy are important parts of the student personnel program.The student progresses toward appropriate vocational goals. Some students enroll in college with a definite plan of preparation for a career. Others will modify their plans as they acquire new interests or gain clearer understanding of their own capacities and of requirements for certain occupations in relation to the needs of society. But many men and women who come to college do so without any plans or understanding of themselves in relation to the world of work. The college has a responsibility to see that these students have access to accurate, usable information about opportunities, requirements, and training for various occupations appropriate to their possible levels of vocational preparation. Vocational counseling given on a basis of insight, information, and vision can help students to relate their future work to their life goals. When conducted with social imagination, such counseling can help to develop these leaders who will pioneer in new professions and in the extension of needed services for the country’s welfare.The student develops individuality and responsibility. Progressive emancipation from the restrictions of childhood is a major challenge to every adolescent. Reveling in his new-found freedoms, for which he may not yet be prepared by adequate self-discipline, the college student may find himself in conflict with accepted social patterns and standards. Other students, whose domination by their families may extend to the college campus, may voice their rebellion in actions offensive to their fellow students or embarrassing to the college family to which they now belong. In such situations, preventive therapy may be accomplished by enlisting parental cooperation in counseling in such personal problems when they are discovered and diagnosed. When the need for social discipline does arise, the college should approach the problem as a special phase of counseling in the development of self-responsibility for behavior rather than in a spirit of punishment of misbehavior.The student discovers ethical and spiritual meaning in life. For many students the introduction to scientific understandings and meanings in the classroom may necessitate a drastic reorientation of religious ideology at a new level of objectivity. The time-honored teachings of organized religion may lose their effectiveness both as explanatory and guiding principles. The resultant disturbance may have deep and far-reaching ramifications into personal as well as family, and even broader, social conflicts. In his new search for values which are worthy of personal allegiance in a time of social conflict, the student needs mature guidance. The religious counselor and the religious-activities program with a broad social reference may assist the student in developing an understanding of proper concepts of behavior, ethical standards, and spiritual values consistent with his broadened horizons resulting from newly acquired scientific and technical knowledge.The student learns to live with others. The maintenance of individual integrity within a framework of cooperative living and working with others in a spirit of mutual services is the highest expression of democracy. By intelligent followership as well as by permissive leadership the student prepares himself for his social obligations beyond the college. By means of special-interest groups, student government, dormitory and house councils, and other guided group activities, the student personnel program can provide opportunities for developing in the student his capacities for both leadership and followership. The counseling service will also use such activities as may be appropriate for individual therapy and development as the needs may be revealed through suitable diagnostic procedures.The student progresses toward satisfying and socially acceptable sexual adjustments. During the years when young people are in college, they are normally deeply, although perhaps covertly, concerned with finding congenial marriage partners. This concern may produce anxieties which eventuate in behavior that may be either acceptable or unacceptable to society, and satisfying or unsatisfying to the individuals. Since marriage adjustment is basic to family stability, and since the family is our most important social institution, colleges should help students to effect satisfying, socially acceptable, and ethically sound sexual adjustments by (1) encouraging the development of a rich and diversified social and recreational program, and (2) providing counseling on relationship and marriage problems.The student prepares for satisfying, constructive postcollege activity. For most students, the activities of postcollege years will be a combination of the practice of a profession, progression in an occupation, marriage and family life, and service as a community and world citizen.Personnel services of the college appropriate to these attainments may include job placement, information about jobs, internships, graduate training programs, or opportunities for volunteer service. Some colleges include also some periodic follow-up contacts to determine the success of their graduates.Elements of a Student Personnel ProgramThe achievement of the foregoing objectives requires the cooperative and integrated functioning of classroom and extraclass activities with the growth and development of the student as the focal point of all that is implied in the educational process. To be sure, not every student will need or make use of all the student personnel services just as, by the same token, not every student studies courses in every academic department. But the college should make optimum provision for the development of the individual and his place in society through its provisions for:1.The process of admissions, not as a credit-counting service, but rather as a first stepin the counseling procedure designed to interpret the institution to the student, his family, and his high school teachers in terms of its requirements for success, its services, and its ability to satisfy his educational and personal needs.2.The keeping of personnel records and their use in the improved understanding of, and service to, the individual student as he has contact not only with the classroom, but also in all phases of his college or university life.3.The service to the student of trained, sympathetic counselors to assist him in thinking through his educational, vocational, and personal adjustment problems. Such a service should be so designed as to be in effect a cohesive agency drawing together all in the institution’s resources in the process of facilitating the student’s efforts to achieve the objectives of higher education. This service will have access, either through direct association or as a supplementary service, to psychological testing and other special diagnostic services as may be necessary to achieve better and more objective appraisal and understanding of the individual. Resources for adequate vocational information needed by the student in the process of his orientation should be closely correlated with the counseling program. Special attention should be given to the educational importance of supplementing the efforts of counseling specialists by the use of carefully selected, specially trained faculty members serving as advisors and counselors.4.Physical and mental health services whose orientation is not only the treatment of illness, but also, and even primarily, an educational program of preventive medicine and personal-hygiene counseling.5.Remedial services in the areas of speech, reading, and study habits, recognizing that the presence of defects in these areas may seriously impede the functioning of many able students and also restrict the contributions which may be made by otherwise adequate personalities.6.Supervision and integration of housing and food services to the end that they shall not only provide for the physical comforts of students, but also shall contribute positively to education in group living and social graces.7.A program of activities designed to induct the student into his new life and environment as a member of the college or university family.8.The encouragement and supervision of significant group activities arising from the natural interests of students.9. A program of recreational activities designed to promote lifetime interests and skills appropriate to the individual student.10.The treatment of discipline as an educational function designed to modify personal behavior patterns and to substitute socially acceptable attitudes for those which have precipitated unacceptable behavior.11.Financial aid to worthy students, not as a dole, but as an educational experience in personal budgeting and responsibility.12.Opportunities for self-help through part-time and summer employment, geared as nearly as possible to the defined vocational objectives of the student.13.Assistance to the student in finding appropriate employment after leaving college and subsequently assisting alumni in further professional development.14.The proper induction, orientation, and counseling of students from abroad.15.The enrichment of a college and postcollege life through a well-integrated program of religious activities, including interfaith programs and individual religious counseling.16.Counseling for married students and for those contemplating marriage to prepare them for broadening family and social responsibilities.17.A continuing program of evaluation of student personnel services and of the educational program to ensure the achievement by students of the objectives for which this program is designed.。